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4. List of Contributors

Author

Aaen, Gregory, primary, Abroms, Israel F., additional, Ådén, Ulrika, additional, Ahlsten, Gunnar, additional, Aird, Robert B., additional, Al-Zaidy, Samiah A., additional, Andermann, Fred, additional, Anlar, Banu, additional, Arzimanoglou, Alexis, additional, Ashwal, Stephen, additional, Augustine, Erika, additional, Ballaban-Gil, Karen, additional, Bamford, Nigel S., additional, Barlow, Charles F., additional, Bast, Thomas, additional, Bates, David, additional, Baumann, Robert J., additional, Bertini, Enrico, additional, Beya, Alidor, additional, Blaw, Michael, additional, Bodensteiner, John, additional, Bonthius, Daniel J., additional, Brin, Amy E., additional, Brockmann, Knut, additional, Brown, John Keith, additional, Brown, Stuart B., additional, Brumback, Audrey Christine, additional, Bureau, Michelle, additional, Burke, James R., additional, Bye, Annie, additional, Camfield, Carol, additional, Camfield, Peter, additional, Campistol Plana, Jaume, additional, Canale, Dee James, additional, Caneris, Onasis, additional, Caraballo, Roberto H., additional, Caviness, Alison Chantal, additional, Chao, Hsiao-Tuan, additional, Chapman, Catherine A., additional, Chaves-Carballo, Enrique, additional, Cho, Yoon-Jae, additional, Christen, Hans-Jürgen, additional, Chugani, Harry T., additional, Cioni, Giovanni, additional, Clark, David, additional, Cliff, Edward Robert Scheffer, additional, Cochran, Frederick B., additional, Cohen, Bruce H., additional, Cohen, Maynard M., additional, Collins, Kevin, additional, Covanis, Athanasios, additional, Critchley, Macdonald, additional, Cross, J. Helen, additional, Crumrine, Patricia K., additional, Curatolo, Paolo, additional, Davies, Pamela A., additional, deVeber, Gabrielle, additional, De Vivo, Darryl C., additional, de Vries, Linda S., additional, De Waele, Liesbeth, additional, DeMyer, William, additional, Devlin, Anita, additional, Dobyns, William B., additional, Dodson, W. Edwin, additional, Donald, Kirsty, additional, Duffy, Frank H., additional, Dunn, David W., additional, Dunn, Henry G., additional, Dure, Leon S., additional, Dyken, Paul Richard, additional, Encha-Razavi, Férechté, additional, Erenberg, Gerald, additional, Estes, Melinda L., additional, Evrard, Philippe, additional, Ferriero, Donna, additional, Ferry, Peggy, additional, Fine, Archie, additional, Fine, Edward J., additional, Fine, John S., additional, Finkel, Richard S., additional, Fischer, Alain, additional, Fischer, Christine, additional, Fogan, Lance, additional, Fowler, Glenn W., additional, Frank, Yitzchak, additional, Fullerton, Heather J., additional, Furukawa, Tetsuo, additional, Gabriel, Ronald S., additional, Galanopoulou, Aristea S., additional, Gardner-Medwin, David, additional, Garg, Bhuwan, additional, Genton, Pierre, additional, George, Mark S., additional, Gineste, Thierry, additional, Giza, Christopher C., additional, Goemans, Nathalie, additional, Golden, Gerald S., additional, Golden, Jeffrey Alan, additional, Goldstein, Gary W., additional, Gomez, Christopher, additional, Gomez, Manuel R., additional, Gomez, Timothy, additional, Goodkin, Howard P., additional, Gordon, Neil, additional, Gressens, Pierre, additional, Groger, Helmut, additional, Guerrini, Renzo, additional, Gurnett, Christina A., additional, Gussoni, Emanuela, additional, Haas, Richard, additional, Hagberg, Bengt, additional, Haller, Jerome S., additional, Hartman, Adam L., additional, Haruda, Fred, additional, Hirtz, Deborah, additional, Hogan, Gwendolyn R., additional, Hunt, Guy M., additional, Iannaccone, Susan T., additional, Eleanor Inder, Terrie, additional, Ionasescu, Victor, additional, Jansen, Katrien, additional, Jiang, Yuwu, additional, Kaminski, Henry J., additional, Kamoshita, Shigehiko, additional, Kang, Peter B., additional, Kaufman, David M., additional, Kaufmann, Walter E., additional, Kaye, Edward M., additional, Kellaway, Peter, additional, Kelley, Rhona S., additional, Kennedy, Charles, additional, Kim, Young-Min, additional, Kirby, Michael, additional, Kirton, Adam, additional, Kobayashi, Eliane, additional, Kossoff, Eric H., additional, Koutroumanidis, Michail, additional, Krupp, Lauren, additional, Lange, Bernadette M., additional, Lanska, Douglas J., additional, Lanska, Mary Jo, additional, Larsen, Paul D., additional, Lassoff, Samuel J., additional, Laterra, John, additional, Lemieux, Bernard, additional, Lenn, Nicholas J., additional, Logan, William J., additional, Lomax, Elizabeth, additional, Longo, Lawrence D., additional, Lorris Betz, A., additional, Manyam, Bala V., additional, Marks, Warren A., additional, Massey, E. Wayne, additional, Mate, Laszlo J., additional, McKinlay, Ian, additional, McLean, William T., additional, McLellan, Ailsa, additional, Mehler, Mark F., additional, Melchior, Johannes C., additional, Michelson, David J., additional, Miller, Steven P., additional, Miller, Suzanne L., additional, Millichap, J. Gordon, additional, Minns, Robert A., additional, Mizrahi, Eli M., additional, Moser, Ann B., additional, Moshé, Solomon L., additional, Muhle, Hiltrud, additional, Muntoni, Francesco, additional, Naidu, Sakkubai, additional, Narayanan, Vinodh, additional, Nardocci, Nardo, additional, Neil, Jeffrey J., additional, Neumeyer, Ann, additional, Noetzel, Michael J., additional, Nomura, Yoshiko, additional, Nordli, Douglas R., additional, North, Kathryn, additional, Ohtsuka, Yoko, additional, O’Callaghan, Finbar J.K., additional, Packer, Roger J., additional, Pastores, Gregory M., additional, Patterson, Marc C., additional, Pearl, Phillip L., additional, Philippart, Michel, additional, Pihko, Helena S., additional, Piller, Gordon, additional, Platz, Thomas F., additional, Poduri, Annapurna, additional, Pollack, Michael A., additional, Porter, Brenda E., additional, Provis, Michèle, additional, Rating, Dietz, additional, Reich, Harold, additional, Remler, Bernd, additional, Rho, Jong M., additional, Richards, Peter, additional, Richardson, Edward P., additional, Richardson, Sylvia O., additional, Roach, E. Steve, additional, Rose, Arthur L., additional, Rozear, Marvin P., additional, Rubinstein, Lucien J., additional, Rust, Robert S., additional, Saini, Arushi Gahlot, additional, Saint-Anne Dargassies, Suzanne, additional, Sarnat, Harvey B., additional, Sarwar, Mohammad, additional, Satran, Richard, additional, Schneider, Sanford, additional, Schrank, Waltraud, additional, Scott, Rodney C., additional, Seinfeld, Syndi, additional, Selcen, Duygu, additional, Sestan, Nenad, additional, Shapiro, Steven, additional, Sherr, Elliott H., additional, Shevell, Michael, additional, Shield, Lloyd, additional, Sidman, Richard L., additional, Silverstein, Faye S., additional, Sinnreich, Michael, additional, Snead, O. Carter, additional, Solomons, Regan, additional, Soria-Duran, Emilio, additional, Stafstrom, Carl E., additional, Steven Roach, E., additional, Stevens, Harold, additional, Strassburg, Hans Michael, additional, Stumpf, David A., additional, Sullivan, Thomas, additional, Swick, Herbert M., additional, Swisher, Charles N., additional, Takahashi, Takao, additional, Tein, Ingrid, additional, Tochen, Laura, additional, Thomas, Eva E., additional, Thompson, Alan, additional, Toor, Svinder S., additional, Tyler, H. Richard, additional, Uldall, Peter, additional, Urion, David K., additional, Valappil, Ahsan Moosa Naduvil, additional, Van Toorn, Ronald, additional, Vermilion, Jennifer, additional, Vidaver, Doris, additional, Vohr, Betty R., additional, Vollmer, Brigitte, additional, Volpe, Joseph J., additional, Waber, Deborah P., additional, Wainwright, Mark S., additional, Waites, Lucius, additional, Walsh, Christopher, additional, Weindl, Adolf, additional, Whelan, Mary Anne, additional, White, Larry E., additional, Whittemore, Vicky Holets, additional, Wilmshurst, Jo, additional, Wirrell, Elaine, additional, Wolf, Nicole I., additional, Youssef, Paul, additional, Zempel, John, additional, Zoghbi, Huda Y., additional, Zuberi, Sameer M., additional, and Zupanc, Mary, additional

Published
2021
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9. Unique Presentation of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis With Urticarial Dermographia.

Author

Minns, Robert M, Barranco-Trabi, Javier J, Siemann, David N, Chamas, Adam, and Shin, Terry

Subjects
*GRAVES' disease, *PARALYSIS, *MUSCLE tone, *THYROID antagonists
Abstract

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is an acute complication of hyperthyroidism. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is treatable, and the management consists of potassium correction, beta-blockers, and antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy. While TPP is well described in the literature, we describe a case of TPP with urticarial dermographia (UD) that resolved with a short course of antihistamines while continuing ATD therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of UD after methimazole (MMI) therapy in a TPP patient. A 25-year-old Cambodian active duty male with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department with acute loss of lower extremity muscle tone with hypokalemia in the setting of previously undiagnosed Graves' disease (GD). He was started on MMI but within 2 weeks developed a rash consistent with UD. This was successfully treated with a second-generation antihistamine while continuing his MMI. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is primarily treated by controlling the underlying thyroid disease causing paralysis. Methimazole is commonly chosen as a treatment due to its rapid efficacy and long duration of action. However, adverse effects like UD can occur. Current recommendations are that minor cutaneous reactions can be treated with antihistamines for the management of Graves' disease. However, this case and others show that even moderate reactions can be managed in this manner. In a patient with TPP with UD after treatment with MMI, it is reasonable to attempt a trial of antihistamine before changing to another ATD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Ectopic Cavernous Sinus Microprolactinoma Treated Medically.

Author

Minns, Robert M, Barranco-Trabi, Javier, Yiu, Alvin C, Hussain, Ali, and Elegino-Steffens, Diane U

Subjects
*PROLACTINOMA, *CAVERNOUS sinus, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging
Abstract

Ectopic prolactin-secreting microadenomas are rare and management is often surgical in contrast to intrasellar pituitary prolactin-secreting microadenomas. We present a case of ectopic dopamine-resistant microprolactinoma treated with cabergoline which led to symptom resolution, hormonal remission, and cystic degeneration of the tumor. A 30-year-old active duty male presented with a chief complaint of inability to maintain an erection for 6 months. Initial workup revealed suppressed serum testosterone of 128.60 ng/ml with an elevated prolactin level at 275.10 ng/ml. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed a small mass measuring 9 mm in the left cavernous sinus. Medical management was initiated with cabergoline, which was titrated over the course of a year from 0.5 mg a week to 3.5 mg a week at its peak before being weaned off completely at 54 months. After treatment, the patient's symptoms resolved, his prolactin decreased to 29.5 ng/ml, near-normal, and his tumor had decreased size with cystic degeneration. Management for any prolactinoma has three primary goals: remittance of symptoms, decrease in prolactin levels, and decrease in tumor size. These are achieved through primarily medical management or surgery. Even though ectopic microprolactinomas are still frequently addressed surgically, this case shows that medical therapy can successfully treat ectopic prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenomas even in cases of dopamine resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Retinal Haemorrhages in Childhood Encephalopathies: Review of a Prospective Research Programme.

Author

Minns, Robert A., Jones, Patricia A., Fleck, Brian W., and Mulvihill, Alan O.

Subjects
*HEAD injury complications, *INTENSIVE care units, *STATISTICS, *SCIENTIFIC observation, *CHILD abuse, *EYE hemorrhage, *PATIENTS, *CEREBRAL anoxia-ischemia, *PEDIATRICS, *MANN Whitney U Test, *HOSPITAL admission & discharge, *INTRACRANIAL pressure, *DOCUMENTATION, *T-test (Statistics), *SYMPTOMS, *KAPLAN-Meier estimator, *DATA analysis software, *DATA analysis, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *LONGITUDINAL method, *CHILDREN
Abstract

One important cause of retinal haemorrhages (RHs) in children is abusive head trauma (AHT). Our programme of research was conducted on children admitted to hospital over a seven‐year period who had RHs as part of their clinical presentation. This paper summarises important findings from previous publications. As a prerequisite, two basic studies were necessary: (i) a method of reporting the precise location of the RH in the retina; and (ii) defining a simple clinical classification of RHs based on the appearance of the retinal layer involved. Because raised intracranial pressure (RICP) is a frequent secondary brain insult following serious adult head injury, causing hypoxic‐ischaemic injury with a resultant poor outcome, it was considered whether such RICP might also cause RHs in children. Detailed, state‐of‐the‐art monitoring methods were used to investigate this relationship along with retinal imaging. Methodical documentation of the type, area and lifespan of RHs meant that it was possible to address the question of predicting AHT from RH numbers and characteristics, and to describe not only the duration of different layer haemorrhages, but also a previously unreported observation that some RHs transiently enlarge over two to three days before resolving normally. 'One important cause of retinal haemorrhages (RHs) in children is abusive head trauma' Key Practitioner Messages: A new retinal zone classification for research and legal purposes has been developed, as well as a simplified five‐point working classification of RHs, based on existing fundoscopic descriptions.In this cohort study, a young age and a high 'dot‐blot' count (>25 intraretinal haemorrhages) are strong predictors of AHT.There is a complex association between the burden of intracranial pressure insult and RHs.Time to resolution of different RHs has been calculated using two‐dimensional RH area pixel counts from sequential retinal imaging. Two patterns of resolution are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. The monitoring of intracranial pressure in infants and children

Author

Minns, Robert Anthony

Subjects
612
Abstract

One hundred cases of children in Edinburgh who underwent ventricular pressure monitoring for diverse indications have been discussed in detail and examples of their pressure tracings illustrated. This and other studies have now established that I.C.P. monitoring is a useful clinical tool. The technique employed has been justified from both a theoretical and practical standpoint and other methods of monitoring I.C.P. reviewed from the medical literature with their relative advantages and disadvantages. There is a place for I.C.P. measurement in suspect neonates by means of fontanometry; in hydrocephalic children by monitoring from ventriculostomy reservoirs; in head injury by way of the epidural or subarachnoid space; in childhood encephalopathies and other causes of brain swelling by epidural monitoring and for the continual assessment of the child in whom R.I.C.P. may be an on-going problem by means of a teletransducer. This work has afforded me the opportunity also to report related areas of interest. Firstly, the effect of I.C.P. on monoamine metabolites in children's C.S.F. with little correlation being found but a probable additional increase in one metabolite. Secondly, the effect of various types of seizures increasing the I.C.P. had not been previously reported. And, thirdly, the fascinating effect of sleep in I.C.P. with cyclical pressure variations occurring in all cases and exaggerated pressure responses and wave forms when there is existing R.I.C.P. I have put forward an hypothesis for this sleep effect based on pressure and polygraphic recordings. Lastly the chapter on anaesthesia adds some weight to other studies that caution the use of ketamine in cases of R.I.C.P., but confirms its use otherwise. These studies have however raised doubts about its convulsant action and I have shown the previously overlooked effect of intubation on I.C.P. and described a momentary pressure reflex associated with spreading the vocal cords, which together with the sleep effect, may be related to the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

Published
1979

36. Shaken baby syndrome

Author

Sandberg, Marilyn, Minns, Robert, and Barr, Ronald G

Published
2003

38. Detection and characterisation of visual field defects using Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry in children with brain tumours

Author

Murray, Ian C, Schmoll, Conrad, Perperidis, Antonios, Brash, Harry M, McTrusty, Alice D, Cameron, Lorraine A, Wilkinson, Alastair G, Mulvihill, Alan O, Fleck, Brian W, and Minns, Robert A

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, genetic structures, Brain Neoplasms, Vision Disorders, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Child, Preschool, Saccades, Journal Article, Humans, Visual Field Tests, Female, Visual Fields, Child
Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine the ability of Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP) to detect and characterise visual field defects in children with brain tumours using eye-tracking technology, as current techniques for assessment of visual fields in young children can be subjective and lack useful detail.METHODS: Case-series study of children receiving treatment and follow-up for brain tumours at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh from April 2008 to August 2013. Patients underwent SVOP testing and the results were compared with clinically expected visual field patterns determined by a consensus panel after review of clinical findings, neuroimaging, and where possible other forms of visual field assessment.RESULTS: Sixteen patients participated in this study (mean age of 7.2 years; range 2.9-15 years; 7 male, 9 female). Twelve children (75%) successfully performed SVOP testing. SVOP had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50% (positive predictive value of 80% and negative predictive value of 100%). In the true positive and true negative SVOP results, the characteristics of the SVOP plots showed agreement with the expected visual field. Six patients were able to perform both SVOP and Goldmann perimetry, these demonstrated similar visual fields in every case.CONCLUSION: SVOP is a highly sensitive test that may prove to be extremely useful for assessing the visual field in young children with brain tumours, as it is able to characterise the central 30° of visual field in greater detail than previously possible with older techniques.

Published
2018

43. Feasibility, accuracy and repeatability of suprathreshold Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry

Author

Murray, Ian, Cameron, Lorraine, McTrusty, Alice, Perperidis, Antonios, Brash, Harry, Fleck, Brian, and Minns, Robert

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate feasibility, accuracy, and repeatability of suprathreshold Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP) by comparison with Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) perimetry.Methods: The subjects included children with suspected field defects (n = 10, age 5–15 years), adults with field defects (n = 33, age 39–78 years), healthy children (n = 12, age 6–14 years), and healthy adults (n = 30, age 16–61 years). The test protocol comprised repeat suprathreshold SVOP and HFA testing with the C-40 test pattern. Feasibility was assessed by protocol completeness. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SVOP was established by comparison with reliable HFA tests in two ways: (1) visual field pattern results (normal/abnormal), and (2) individual test point outcomes (seen/unseen). Repeatability of each test type was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient.Results: Of subjects, 82% completed a full protocol. Poor reliability of HFA testing in child patients limited the robustness of comparisons in this group. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy across all groups when analyzing the visual field pattern results was 90.9%, 88.5%, and 89.0%, respectively, and was 69.1%, 96.9%, and 95.0%, respectively, when analyzing the individual test points. Cohen's kappa coefficient for repeatability of SVOP and HFA was excellent (0.87 and 0.88, respectively) when assessing visual field pattern results, and substantial (0.62 and 0.74, respectively) when assessing test point outcomes.Conclusions: SVOP was accurate in this group of adults. Further studies are required to assess SVOP in child patient groups.Translational Relevance: SVOP technology is still in its infancy but is used in a number of centers. It will undergo iterative improvements and this study provides a benchmark for future iterations.

Published
2016

44. Feasibility, Accuracy, and Repeatability of Suprathreshold Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry

Author

Murray, Ian C., Cameron, Lorraine A., McTrusty, Alice D., Perperidis, Antonios, Brash, Harry M., Fleck, Brian W., and Minns, Robert A.

Subjects
perimetry, SVOP, saccadic eye movements, visual fields, Articles
Abstract

Purpose To evaluate feasibility, accuracy, and repeatability of suprathreshold Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP) by comparison with Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) perimetry. Methods The subjects included children with suspected field defects (n = 10, age 5–15 years), adults with field defects (n = 33, age 39–78 years), healthy children (n = 12, age 6–14 years), and healthy adults (n = 30, age 16–61 years). The test protocol comprised repeat suprathreshold SVOP and HFA testing with the C-40 test pattern. Feasibility was assessed by protocol completeness. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SVOP was established by comparison with reliable HFA tests in two ways: (1) visual field pattern results (normal/abnormal), and (2) individual test point outcomes (seen/unseen). Repeatability of each test type was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results Of subjects, 82% completed a full protocol. Poor reliability of HFA testing in child patients limited the robustness of comparisons in this group. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy across all groups when analyzing the visual field pattern results was 90.9%, 88.5%, and 89.0%, respectively, and was 69.1%, 96.9%, and 95.0%, respectively, when analyzing the individual test points. Cohen's kappa coefficient for repeatability of SVOP and HFA was excellent (0.87 and 0.88, respectively) when assessing visual field pattern results, and substantial (0.62 and 0.74, respectively) when assessing test point outcomes. Conclusions SVOP was accurate in this group of adults. Further studies are required to assess SVOP in child patient groups. Translational Relevance SVOP technology is still in its infancy but is used in a number of centers. It will undergo iterative improvements and this study provides a benchmark for future iterations.

Published
2016

45. Comparison of Threshold Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP) and Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) in Glaucoma. Part II: Patterns of Visual Field Loss and Acceptability

Author

McTrusty, Alice D., primary, Cameron, Lorraine A., additional, Perperidis, Antonios, additional, Brash, Harry M., additional, Tatham, Andrew J., additional, Agarwal, Pankaj K., additional, Murray, Ian C., additional, Fleck, Brian W., additional, and Minns, Robert A., additional

Published
2017
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