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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Infertility after murine chlamydial salpingitis can be prevented by tetracycline treatment given before or at the time of infection. This study evaluates the efficacy and timing of tetracycline treatment and anti-inflammatory agents in the prevention of inflammation and subsequent infertility. STUDY DESIGN The left ovarian bursae and uterine horns were inoculated with the mouse pneumonitis strain of Chlamydia trachomatis. Mice were mated 54 days after inoculation. RESULTS Infected mice treated with tetracycline beginning 2 days after infection showed mild inflammation and no significant reduction in fertility. However, when tetracycline treatment was delayed until 5 days after infection, a moderate degree of inflammation and a significant reduction in fertility (P < 0.01) was noted. Treatment with ibuprofen, prostaglandin E1 (PGE-1), or hydrocortisone beginning day 2 post-inoculation did not significantly alter the degree of inflammation or subsequent fertility. Mean anti-chlamydial IgG titers were significantly lower in mice treated with either PGE1 or hydrocortisone compared with infected, untreated mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that while early treatment of chlamydial salpingitis may prevent infertility, delay in treatment may result in significant inflammatory damage and infertility. There was no apparent benefit from the addition of anti-inflammatory agents.

The effect of tetracycline X HCl, administered for 14 days starting before or after intraovarian bursa inoculation of the mouse pneumonitis biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis, was examined in mice. Mice that received no antibiotic developed acute salpingitis and subsequent hydrosalpinx. Only one of ten mated mice at 42-51 days after inoculation showed a normal, bilateral pregnancy. Initiation of tetracycline treatment two days prior to inoculation completely prevented the pathology associated with tubal chlamydial infection and fertility was as high (eight of ten) as in mice inoculated with sterile tissue culture supernate (eight of 11). Initiation of treatment one week after inoculation prevented permanent tubal damage (two of 20 vs. 12 of 20; P = .001) and infertility (bilateral pregnancies, six of ten vs. one of ten; P = .027) in some, but not all, infected mice. Therapy began two weeks after inoculation resulted in a marginal improvement in the frequency of apparently normal oviducts (16 of 24 vs. eight of 20; P = .053) but not in fertility (bilateral pregnancies, four of 12 vs. one of ten; P = 0.19). This model may be of value in studies of the treatment of upper genital tract infection with C. trachomatis.

effects of high dietary phosphate on dental caries,’0 a group of children became available who presumably had been receiving diets high in calcium and phosphorus for periods of from one to two years. The present report is concerned with the effects of these diets on metabolic balances of minerals and nitrogen in eighteen children from this study. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

In the slime mold, the size of the endogenous “free” methionine pool is a function only of the stage of development, and is uninfluenced by exogenous mehtionine. However, exogenous [35S]methionine can exchange with endogenous methionine, and the extent of this exchange (i.e., the specific radioactivity of pool methionine) is a linear function of the exogenous [35S]methionine concentration. The manner in which cellular pool methionine molecules are utilized for protein synthesis is complex; a possible interpretation is suggested in discussion. Active protein turnover occurs during differentiation in the slime mold. Methionine protein is replaced by endogenous pool [35S]methionine at the rate of about 7%/h at preculmination. The rate of protein synthesis appears to decrease slightly during development. Subsequent to “pulse” of [35S]methionine, the specific radioactivity of various protein classes can differ as much as three-fold. The relative rates of [35S]-methionine incorporation into ethanol soluble as compared to ethanol insoluble protein changes durin g the course of differentiation.

Resume Le but de cette etude a ete de decouvrir une relation qui pourrait exister entre l'intelligence des enfants et leur ordre de naissance. L'etude est basee sur les evaluations de l'intelligence de 10,000 eleves des ecoles publiques et les donnees de questionnaires obtenus des parents sur l'ordre de naissance de leurs enfants. Les quotients d'intelligence obtenus dans chacun de quatre differents tests collectifs d'intelligence ont ete traduits en leurs resultats equivalents. On a employe seulement les resultats des enfants de la meme famille dans cette etude. Pour controler la grandeur de la famille et les facteurs economiques et sociaux on a mis les resultats en paires de sorte qu'on compare aux resultats de chaque premier-ne les resultats de son frere ou soeur deuxieme-ne, aux resultats de ce deuxieme-ne on compare les resultats de son frere ou soeur troisieme-ne, etc., jusqu'aux huitiemes-nes y compris. On presente trois methodes distinctes de solution du probleme. La comparaison des resultats de c...

SummaryCarbutamide, a sulfonylurea compound capable of lowering blood sugar, did not have an insulin-like action in increasing glycogen deposition of isolated rat hemi-diaphragm. Furthermore, this drug did not produce any enhancement of the insulin effect. In fact, when higher concentrations were used there was a significant inhibition of the insulin effect. This inhibition is somewhat non-specific since it was also observed when sulfadiazine was substituted for Carbutamide. It is suggested that this inhibition, the inhibition of insulinase, and the in vitro reduction of the epinephrine and glucagon response which have been attributed to the sulfonylurea compounds might all be due to a non-specific protein poisoning action of these drugs in higher concentrations.

A procedure is described for the isolation of Escherichia coli mutants with either excess or deficient DNA ligase activity. A mutant that overproduces DNA ligase supports the growth of ligase-defective (gene 30 mutant) T4 phages. Even T4 r II-gene 30 double mutants, which are able to grow in normal E. coli , cannot grow in cells deficient in DNA ligase. A functional DNA ligase, supplied either by the phage or the host, thus seems to be required for T4 growth. An E. coli strain that makes a temperature-sensitive DNA ligase becomes radiation-sensitive at high temperature, but otherwise grows normally and shows no obvious defect in DNA replication.

During starvation and multicellular differentiation, the slime mold sequentially utilizes endogenous amino acids, ethanol soluble and ethanol insoluble protein. The amino acid pool drops to approximately 30% of its initial value, the ethanol soluble protein to 60% and the ethanol insoluble protein to about 80% of its initial value during the course of differentiation.

When the slime molds begin their multicellular life in the absence of external nutrilites aerobic metabolism is acquired. Closely correlated with an increase in oxygen uptake are striking increases in the activities of a number of “constitutive” enzymes involved in aerobic metabolism. An enzyme active in cellulose synthesis, UDPG synthetase, also increases markedly during pseudoplasmodium formation. These enzymic changes occur prior to the period of major protein utilization and carbohydrate synthesis which occurs during morphogenesis. The metabolic pattern established during differentiation results in an accumulation of free glucose, which then decreases in concentration during the formation of the cellulose stalk.