16 results on '"Minney-Smith CA"'
Search Results
2. The Changing Detection Rate of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults in Western Australia between 2017 and 2023.
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Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, Tjea A, Nicol MP, Levy A, Moore HC, and Blyth CC
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- Humans, Adult, Western Australia epidemiology, Middle Aged, Aged, Young Adult, Adolescent, Female, Male, Incidence, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Aged, 80 and over, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections virology, Seasons, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human isolation & purification, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 diagnosis
- Abstract
The incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults is inadequately defined and the impact of SARS-CoV-2-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is underexplored. Using laboratory data, we described the detection rate of RSV in adults ≥16 years in Western Australia (WA) between 2017 and 2023. With the exception of 2020, RSV detections rose annually between 2017 and 2023, reaching 50.7 per 100,000 in 2023 (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.9-53.8). RSV testing expanded considerably across the study period, with the testing in 2023 more than five times the 2017 total. The detection rate was highest in adults ≥60 years between 2017 and 2019, particularly those ≥75 years. Following 2020, the detections in all age groups increased, with the highest detection rate in 2023 in those ≥75-years (199.5 per 100,000; 95% CI, 180.5-220). NPIs significantly impacted RSV seasonality; the preceding winter pattern was disrupted, resulting in an absent 2020 winter season and two major summer seasons in 2020/21 and 2021/22. The RSV season began to realign in 2022, reverting to a winter seasonal pattern in 2023 and the largest season in the study period. Ongoing surveillance will be required to understand the stability of these increases and to delineate the impact of new immunisation strategies.
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- 2024
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3. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reinfections in Children in Western Australia.
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Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, Lee WH, Oakes DB, Hazelton B, Ford TJ, Wadia U, Sikazwe C, Moore HC, Nicol MP, Levy A, and Blyth CC
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- Child, Humans, Infant, Reinfection, Western Australia epidemiology, Hospitalization, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
- Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) reinfection in children is poorly understood. We examined the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of hospital-attended RSV reinfections in children <16 years in Western Australia between 2012 and 2022. Individuals with repeat RSV detections ≥56 days apart were identified using laboratory data. The incidence of reinfection in the first five years of life was estimated using the total birth population from 2012 to 2017. Clinical data on a subset of reinfection episodes were obtained from two metropolitan pediatric centers. A total of 466 children with hospital-attended reinfections were identified. The median interval between RSV detections was 460 days (interquartile range: 324, 812), with a reinfection rate of 95 per 100,000 individuals (95% confidence interval: 82, 109). Reinfection was most common in children who experienced their first RSV detection <6 months of age. Predisposing factors were identified in 56% of children; children with predisposing factors were older at first and second detections, were more likely to be admitted, and had a longer length of stay. This study highlights the significant burden of hospital-attended RSV reinfections in children with and without predisposing factors. Expanded surveillance with in-depth clinical data is required to further characterize the impact of RSV reinfection.
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- 2023
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4. A surge in human metapneumovirus paediatric respiratory admissions in Western Australia following the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Foley DA, Yeoh DK, Minney-Smith CA, Shin C, Hazelton B, Hoeppner T, Moore HC, Nicol M, Sikazwe C, Borland ML, Levy A, and Blyth CC
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- Child, Humans, Infant, SARS-CoV-2, Western Australia epidemiology, Australia, Metapneumovirus genetics, Paramyxoviridae Infections diagnosis, Paramyxoviridae Infections epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Aim: Western Australian laboratory data demonstrated a decrease in human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections through 2020 associated with SARS-CoV-2-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), followed by a subsequent surge in metropolitan region in mid-2021. We aimed to assess the impact of the surge in hMPV on paediatric hospital admissions and the contribution of changes in testing., Methods: All respiratory-coded admissions of children aged <16 years at a tertiary paediatric centre between 2017 and 2021 were matched with respiratory virus testing data. Patients were grouped by age at presentation and by ICD-10 AM codes into bronchiolitis, other acute lower respiratory infection (OALRI), wheeze and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). For analysis, 2017-2019 was utilised as a baseline period., Results: hMPV-positive admissions in 2021 were more than 2.8 times baseline. The largest increase in incidence was observed in the 1-4 years group (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5-5.9) and in OALRI clinical phenotype (IRR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2). The proportion of respiratory-coded admissions tested for hMPV in 2021 doubled (32-66.2%, P < 0.001), with the greatest increase in wheeze (12-75% in 2021, P < 0.001). hMPV test percentage positivity in 2021 was higher than in the baseline period (7.6% vs. 10.1% in 2021, P = 0.004)., Conclusion: The absence and subsequent surge underline the susceptibility of hMPV to NPIs. Increased hMPV-positive admissions in 2021 can be partially attributable to testing, but test-positivity remained high, consistent with a genuine increase. Continued comprehensive testing will help ascertain true burden of hMPV respiratory diseases., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).)
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- 2023
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5. Circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand, 2020-2021.
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O'Neill GK, Taylor J, Kok J, Dwyer DE, Dilcher M, Hua H, Levy A, Smith D, Minney-Smith CA, Wood T, Jelley L, Huang QS, Trenholme A, McAuliffe G, Barr I, and Sullivan SG
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- Humans, New Zealand epidemiology, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Australia epidemiology, Influenza, Human epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: Circulation patterns of influenza and other respiratory viruses have been globally disrupted since the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the introduction of public health and social measures (PHSMs) aimed at reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission., Methods: We reviewed respiratory virus laboratory data, Google mobility data and PHSMs in five geographically diverse regions in Australia and New Zealand. We also described respiratory virus activity from January 2017 to August 2021., Results: We observed a change in the prevalence of circulating respiratory viruses following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in early 2020. Influenza activity levels were very low in all regions, lower than those recorded in 2017-2019, with less than 1% of laboratory samples testing positive for influenza virus. In contrast, rates of human rhinovirus infection were increased. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity was delayed; however, once it returned, most regions experienced activity levels well above those seen in 2017-2019. The timing of the resurgence in the circulation of both rhinovirus and RSV differed within and between the two countries., Discussion: The findings of this study suggest that as domestic and international borders are opened up and other COVID-19 PHSMs are lifted, clinicians and public health professionals should be prepared for resurgences in influenza and other respiratory viruses. Recent patterns in RSV activity suggest that these resurgences in non-COVID-19 viruses have the potential to occur out of season and with increased impact., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., ((c) 2023 The authors; licensee World Health Organization.)
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- 2023
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6. The seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus in Western Australia prior to implementation of SARS-CoV-2 non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Minney-Smith CA, Foley DA, Sikazwe CT, Levy A, and Smith DW
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- Humans, Infant, SARS-CoV-2, Western Australia epidemiology, Seasons, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
- Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality is dependent on the local climate. We assessed the stability of RSV seasonality prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Western Australia (WA), a state spanning temperate and tropical regions., Method: RSV laboratory testing data were collected from January 2012 to December 2019. WA was divided into three regions determined by population density and climate: Metropolitan, Northern and Southern. Season threshold was calculated per region at 1.2% annual cases, with onset the first of ≥2 weeks above this threshold and offset as the last week before ≥2 weeks below., Results: The detection rate of RSV in WA was 6.3/10,000. The Northern region had the highest detection rate (15/10,000), more than 2.5 times the Metropolitan region (detection rate ratio 2.7; 95% CI, 2.6-2.9). Test percentage positive was similar in the Metropolitan (8.6%) and Southern (8.7%) regions, with the lowest in the Northern region (8.1%). RSV seasons in the Metropolitan and Southern regions occurred annually, with a single peak and had consistent timing and intensity. The Northern tropical region did not experience a distinct season. Proportion of RSV A to RSV B in the Northern region differed from the Metropolitan region in 5 of the 8 years studied., Conclusions: Detection rate of RSV in WA is high, especially in the Northern region, where climate, an expanded at-risk population and increased testing may have contributed to greater numbers. Before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, RSV seasonality in WA was consistent in timing and intensity for the Metropolitan and Southern regions., Competing Interests: David W. Smith is Director of the Asia‐Pacific Alliance for the Control of Influenza, an independent not‐for‐profit organisation that receives funding from vaccine manufacturers. The position is unpaid and he receives only reimbursement of expenses., (© 2023 Commonwealth of Australia. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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7. An Unusual Resurgence of Human Metapneumovirus in Western Australia Following the Reduction of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.
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Foley DA, Sikazwe CT, Minney-Smith CA, Ernst T, Moore HC, Nicol MP, Smith DW, Levy A, and Blyth CC
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- Humans, Infant, Child, Preschool, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Western Australia epidemiology, Seasons, Metapneumovirus genetics, Paramyxoviridae Infections epidemiology, Paramyxoviridae Infections prevention & control, Respiratory Tract Infections, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission disrupted respiratory virus seasonality. We examined the unusual return of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in Western Australia following a period of absence in 2020. We analysed hMPV laboratory testing data from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. Whole-genome sequencing of selected hMPV-positive samples was performed using a tiled-amplicon approach. Following an absence in spring 2020, an unusual hMPV surge was observed during the wet summer season in the tropical Northern region in late 2020. Following a six-month delay, an intense winter season occurred in the subtropical/temperate Southern and Metropolitan regions. Compared to 2017-2019, hMPV incidence in 2021 increased by 3-fold, with a greater than 4-fold increase in children aged 1-4 years. There was a collapse in hMPV diversity in 2020, with the emergence of a single subtype. NPIs contributed to an absent 2020 season and a clonal hMPV resurgence. The summer surge and delayed winter season suggest that prevailing temperature and humidity are keys determinant of hMPV transmission. The increased incidence in 2021 was linked to an expanded cohort of hMPV-naïve 1-4-year-old children and waning population immunity. Further intense and unusual respiratory virus seasons are expected as COVID-19 associated NPIs are removed.
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- 2022
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8. Examining the entire delayed respiratory syncytial virus season in Western Australia.
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Foley DA, Phuong LK, Peplinski J, Lim SMJ, Lee WH, Keane A, Wong JWS, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, Mace AO, Sikazwe CT, Le H, Levy A, Borland M, Hazelton B, Moore HC, Blyth C, Yeoh D, and Bowen AC
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- Humans, Infant, Seasons, Western Australia epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
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- 2022
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9. Examining the interseasonal resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus in Western Australia.
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Foley DA, Phuong LK, Peplinski J, Lim SM, Lee WH, Farhat A, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, Mace AO, Sikazwe CT, Le H, Levy A, Hoeppner T, Borland ML, Hazelton B, Moore HC, Blyth C, Yeoh DK, and Bowen AC
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- Bronchiolitis epidemiology, Bronchiolitis virology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Male, Pandemics, Respiratory Sounds etiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections virology, SARS-CoV-2, Western Australia epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Seasons
- Abstract
Background: Following a relative absence in winter 2020, a large resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detections occurred during the 2020/2021 summer in Western Australia. This seasonal shift was linked to SARS-CoV-2 public health measures. We examine the epidemiology and RSV testing of respiratory-coded admissions, and compare clinical phenotype of RSV-positive admissions between 2019 and 2020., Method: At a single tertiary paediatric centre, International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition Australian Modification-coded respiratory admissions longer than 12 hours were combined with laboratory data from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. Data were grouped into bronchiolitis, other acute lower respiratory infection (OALRI) and wheeze, to assess RSV testing practices. For RSV-positive admissions, demographics and clinical features were compared between 2019 and 2020., Results: RSV-positive admissions peaked in early summer 2020, following an absent winter season. Testing was higher in 2020: bronchiolitis, 94.8% vs 89.2% (p=0.01); OALRI, 88.6% vs 82.6% (p=0.02); and wheeze, 62.8% vs 25.5% (p<0.001). The 2020 peak month, December, contributed almost 75% of RSV-positive admissions, 2.5 times the 2019 peak. The median age in 2020 was twice that observed in 2019 (16.4 vs 8.1 months, p<0.001). The proportion of RSV-positive OALRI admissions was greater in 2020 (32.6% vs 24.9%, p=0.01). There were no clinically meaningful differences in length of stay or disease severity., Interpretation: The 2020 RSV season was in summer, with a larger than expected peak. There was an increase in RSV-positive non-bronchiolitis admissions, consistent with infection in older RSV-naïve children. This resurgence raises concern for regions experiencing longer and more stringent SARS-CoV-2 public health measures., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2022
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10. The Interseasonal Resurgence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Australian Children Following the Reduction of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Public Health Measures.
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Foley DA, Yeoh DK, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, Mace AO, Sikazwe CT, Le H, Levy A, Moore HC, and Blyth CC
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- Australia epidemiology, Child, Humans, Infant, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections prevention & control, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
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- 2021
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11. Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Measures on Detections of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children During the 2020 Australian Winter.
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Yeoh DK, Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, Martin AC, Mace AO, Sikazwe CT, Le H, Levy A, Blyth CC, and Moore HC
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- Australia epidemiology, Child, Humans, Infant, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology
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Public health measures targeting coronavirus disease 2019 have potential to impact transmission of other respiratory viruses. We found 98.0% and 99.4% reductions in respiratory syncytial virus and influenza detections, respectively, in Western Australian children through winter 2020 despite schools reopening. Border closures have likely been important in limiting external introductions., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2021
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12. Post-pandemic influenza A/H1N1pdm09 is associated with more severe outcomes than A/H3N2 and other respiratory viruses in adult hospitalisations.
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Minney-Smith CA, Selvey LA, Levy A, and Smith DW
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human therapy, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Western Australia epidemiology, Young Adult, Hospitalization, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype pathogenicity, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype pathogenicity, Influenza, Human virology
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This study compares the frequency and severity of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (A/H1), influenza A/H3N2 (A/H3) and other respiratory virus infections in hospitalised patients. Data from 17 332 adult hospitalised patients admitted to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, with a respiratory illness between 2012 and 2015 were linked with data containing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for respiratory viruses including A/H1, A/H3, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza. Of these, 1753 (10.1%) had test results. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to compare the viruses for clinical outcomes including ICU admission, ventilation, pneumonia, length of stay and death. Patients with A/H1 were more likely to experience severe outcomes such as ICU admission (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.5, P = 0.016), pneumonia (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6-5.7, P < 0.001) and lower risk of discharge from hospital (indicating longer lengths of hospitalisation; HR 0.64 95% CI 0.47-0.88, P = 0.005), than patients with A/H3. Patients with a non-influenza respiratory virus were less likely to experience severe clinical outcomes than patients with A/H1, however, had similar likelihood when compared to patients with A/H3. Patients hospitalised with A/H1 had higher odds of severe outcomes than patients with A/H3 or other respiratory viruses. Knowledge of circulating influenza strains is important for healthcare preparedness.
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- 2019
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13. Arbovirus surveillance using FTA TM cards in modified CO 2 -baited encephalitis virus surveillance traps in the Northern Territory, Australia.
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Kurucz N, Minney-Smith CA, and Johansen CA
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- Animal Distribution, Animals, Arbovirus Infections epidemiology, Arbovirus Infections virology, Carbon Dioxide, Chickens, Northern Territory epidemiology, Poultry Diseases epidemiology, Poultry Diseases virology, Arbovirus Infections veterinary, Arboviruses isolation & purification, Culicidae virology, Mosquito Vectors virology, RNA, Viral isolation & purification, Sentinel Surveillance
- Abstract
In 2016, modified CO
2 -baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) traps were evaluated for flavivirus surveillance in the Northern Territory, Australia. The traps were fitted with honey-soaked nucleic acid preservation cards (FTATM ) for mosquitoes to expectorate virus while feeding on the cards. Cards were tested for the presence of selected arboviruses, with two cards testing positive for Kunjin virus and Alfuy, while sentinel chickens tested in parallel also showed Kunjin virus activity at the same time. The results from the cards and vector mosquito feeding rates indicate that CO2 -baited EVS traps coupled with honey-baited FTATM cards are an effective tool for broad-scale arbovirus surveillance., (© 2019 The Society for Vector Ecology.)- Published
- 2019
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14. Intraseason decline in influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2016 southern hemisphere influenza season: A test-negative design study and phylogenetic assessment.
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Regan AK, Fielding JE, Chilver MB, Carville KS, Minney-Smith CA, Grant KA, Thomson C, Hahesy T, Deng YM, Stocks N, and Sullivan SG
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype immunology, Influenza A virus classification, Influenza A virus immunology, Influenza B virus immunology, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Research Design, Vaccination, Young Adult, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Seasons
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Background: We estimated the effectiveness of seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine and the potential influence of timing of immunization on vaccine effectiveness (VE) using data from the 2016 southern hemisphere influenza season., Methods: Data were pooled from three routine syndromic sentinel surveillance systems in general practices in Australia. Each system routinely collected specimens for influenza testing from patients presenting with influenza-like illness. Next generation sequencing was used to characterize viruses. Using a test-negative design, VE was estimated based on the odds of vaccination among influenza-positive cases as compared to influenza-negative controls. Subgroup analyses were used to estimate VE by type, subtype and lineage, as well as age group and time between vaccination and symptom onset., Results: A total of 1085 patients tested for influenza in 2016 were included in the analysis, of whom 447 (41%) tested positive for influenza. The majority of detections were influenza A/H3N2 (74%). One-third (31%) of patients received the 2016 southern hemisphere formulation influenza vaccine. Overall, VE was estimated at 40% (95% CI: 18-56%). VE estimates were highest for patients immunized within two months prior to symptom onset (VE: 60%; 95% CI: 26-78%) and lowest for patients immunized >4 months prior to symptom onset (VE: 19%; 95% CI: -73-62%)., Discussion: Overall, the 2016 influenza vaccine showed good protection against laboratory-confirmed infection among general practice patients. Results by duration of vaccination suggest a significant decline in effectiveness during the 2016 influenza season, indicating immunization close to influenza season offered optimal protection., (Crown Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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15. Low interim influenza vaccine effectiveness, Australia, 1 May to 24 September 2017.
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Sullivan SG, Chilver MB, Carville KS, Deng YM, Grant KA, Higgins G, Komadina N, Leung VK, Minney-Smith CA, Teng D, Tran T, Stocks N, and Fielding JE
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza B virus genetics, Influenza B virus isolation & purification, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human virology, Laboratories, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, RNA, Viral genetics, Seasons, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Vaccines, Inactivated administration & dosage, Vaccines, Inactivated immunology, Young Adult, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype immunology, Influenza B virus immunology, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Sentinel Surveillance, Vaccine Potency
- Abstract
In 2017, influenza seasonal activity was high in the southern hemisphere. We present interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from Australia. Adjusted VE was low overall at 33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 17 to 46), 50% (95% CI: 8 to 74) for A(H1)pdm09, 10% (95% CI: -16 to 31) for A(H3) and 57% (95% CI: 41 to 69) for influenza B. For A(H3), VE was poorer for those vaccinated in the current and prior seasons.
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- 2017
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16. Intussusception is associated with the detection of adenovirus C, enterovirus B and rotavirus in a rotavirus vaccinated population.
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Minney-Smith CA, Levy A, Hodge M, Jacoby P, Williams SH, Carcione D, Roczo-Farkas S, Kirkwood CD, and Smith DW
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- Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, Rotavirus Vaccines administration & dosage, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Western Australia, Adenoviruses, Human isolation & purification, Enterovirus B, Human isolation & purification, Feces virology, Intussusception epidemiology, Intussusception virology, Rotavirus isolation & purification, Rotavirus Vaccines adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Intussusception, a condition where one segment of intestine invaginates into another, occurs predominantly in infants and young children. A number of potential causes have been identified including infectious agents and rotavirus vaccination. Following the introduction of rotavirus vaccination of infants in Western Australia, a laboratory surveillance programme testing notified intussusception cases for infectious agents was commenced. This led to a PCR-based study of the association between gastrointestinal viruses and intussusception., Objectives: Conduct viral testing on stool samples from intussusception patients to determine viruses that may have an association with intussusception., Study Design: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using stool samples collected from children with intussusception (n=74) and matched controls (n=289) between 2008 and 2011. Samples were tested for rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus, astrovirus, parechovirus and bocavirus. Adenovirus, enterovirus and rhinovirus species were determined by DNA sequencing., Results: Human adenovirus C was detected in significantly more cases than controls with 31/74 (41.9%) cases testing positive compared to 39/289 (13.49%) controls (OR=4.38, p<0.001). A significant difference was seen in Enterovirus B detections with 11/74 (14.9%) cases testing positive compared to 21/289 (7.3%) controls (OR=2.24, p=0.04). Rotavirus was detected in 7/74 (9.46%) cases and 11/289 (3.81%) controls, which was also a significant difference (OR=2.88, p=0.045)., Conclusions: Our results show that intussusception is associated with non-enteric adenovirus infections, and Enterovirus B infections. While a statistical association was seen with rotavirus and intussusception, we were not able to determine if this was related to vaccine strain or wild type rotavirus., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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