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1. The DECIDE-TB Trial; Validation of Treatment Decision Algorithms for Childhood Tuberculosis (DTB)

Author

University of Bordeaux, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Mozambique, ADERA, University of Stellenbosch, Imperial College London, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Sheffield, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich, Ministry of Health, Zambia, Ministry of Health, Mozambique, Eduardo Mondlane University, European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), and Chishala Chabala, Principal Investigator

Published
2024

11. Bombali Ebolavirus in Mops condylurus Bats (Molossidae), Mozambique

Author

Lebarbenchon, Camille, Goodman, Steven, Hoarau, Axel, Le Minter, Gildas, dos Santos, Andréa, Schoeman, M, Léculier, Christophe, Raoul, Hervé, Gudo, Eduardo, Mavingui, Patrick, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Eduardo Mondlane University, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Laboratoire P4 - Jean Mérieux, Centre Européen de Virologie/Immunologie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Health Mozambique, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], and Molecular analyses were financially supported by the UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (University of Reunion, CNRS 9192, Inserm 1187, IRD 249)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Chiroptera, Animals, Guinea, Ebolavirus, Kenya, Mozambique
Abstract

International audience; We detected Bombali ebolavirus RNA in 3 free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus, Molossidae) in Mozambique. Sequencing of the large protein gene revealed 98% identity with viruses previously detected in Sierra Leone, Kenya, and Guinea. Our findings further support the suspected role of Mops condylurus bats in maintaining Bombali ebolavirus.

Published
2022

12. Novel FujiLAM assay to detect tuberculosis in HIV-positive ambulatory patients in four African countries: a diagnostic accuracy study

Author

Helena Huerga, Mathieu Bastard, Alex Vicent Lubega, Milcah Akinyi, Natalia Tamayo Antabak, Liesbet Ohler, Winnie Muyindike, Ivan Mugisha Taremwa, Rosanna Stewart, Claire Bossard, Nothando Nkosi, Zibusiso Ndlovu, Catherine Hewison, Turyahabwe Stavia, Gordon Okomo, Jeremiah Okari Ogoro, Jacqueline Ngozo, Mduduzi Mbatha, Couto Aleny, Stephen Wanjala, Mohammed Musoke, Daniel Atwine, Alexandra Ascorra, Elisa Ardizzoni, Martina Casenghi, Gabriella Ferlazzo, Lydia Nakiyingi, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Maryline Bonnet, Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Epicentre Ouganda [Mbarara] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Médecins sans Frontières [Nairobi, Kenya], Médecins Sans Frontières [Cape Town, South Africa], Médecins Sans Frontières [Paris] (MSF), Uganda Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health [Nairobi, Kenya], Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and This study was funded by the ANRS (grant number 20314) and Médecins Sans Frontières. FujiLAM tests were donated by the Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics.

Subjects
MESH: Humans, MESH: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MESH: African People, MESH: South Africa, MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH: Tuberculosis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: HIV Infections, General Medicine, MESH: Lipopolysaccharides, MESH: Female, MESH: Male, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract

International audience; Background: Development of rapid biomarker-based tests that can diagnose tuberculosis using non-sputum samples is a priority for tuberculosis control. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the novel Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) assay with the WHO-recommended Alere Determine TB-LAM Ag test (AlereLAM) using urine samples from HIV-positive patients.Methods: We did a diagnostic accuracy study at five outpatient public health facilities in Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, and South Africa. Eligible patients were ambulatory HIV-positive individuals (aged ≥15 years) with symptoms of tuberculosis irrespective of their CD4 T-cell count (group 1), and asymptomatic patients with advanced HIV disease (CD4 count

Published
2022

13. Population genetics analysis during the elimination process of Plasmodium falciparum in Djibouti

Author

Habib Moussa Ali, Samatar Mohamed Bouh, Houssein Youssouf Darar, Souleiman Nour Ayeh, Hawa Hassan Guessod, Jean-Louis Koeck, Christophe Rogier, Mouna Osman Aden, Hervé Bogreau, Aurélie Pascual, Ismail Hassan Farah, Leonardo K. Basco, Zamzam Abdillahi, Bouh Abdi Khaireh, Abdoul-Ilah Abdoul-Ahmed Abdi, Ashenafi Assefa, Sébastien Briolant, Mohamed Abdi Khaireh, Bruno Pradines, Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de Santé des Forces Armées Djiboutiennes, DSS/RQG, Departement de Bactériologie, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche de Djibouti (CERD), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory Investigation of Epidemic Dropsy, Ministry of Health [Mozambique]-Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI)-Unicef Ethiopia-WHO Ethiopia, Programme National de Lutte contre le VIH/SIDA, la Tuberculose et le Paludisme, Ministère de la santé, Ministère de la Santé, Institut National de Santé Publique, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Général Peltier, Groupement médico-chirurgical, Hôpital Bouffard - Centre Hospitalier des Armées Bouffard [Djibouti], Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Direction Recherche, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This work was supported by the Etat Major des Armées Françaises (grant schema directeur paludisme LR 607), the Délégation Générale pour l'Armement and the Direction Centrale du Service de Santé des Armées Khaireh et al. Malaria Journal 2013, 12:201 Page 11 of 14 http://www.malariajournal.com/content/12/1/201 (grant no. PDH-2-NRBC-4-B-101)., Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministry of Health [Mozambique]-Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI)-WHO Ethiopia, and BMC, Ed.

Subjects
Genotype, Plasmodium falciparum, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Population genetics, Malaria elimination, Context (language use), Biology, Genetic diversity, law.invention, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, law, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Disease Eradication, Malaria, Falciparum, Microsatellites, education, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Molecular epidemiology, Research, Genetic Variation, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Pyrimethamine, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Parasitology, Drug resistance, Horn of Africa, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Djibouti, Malaria, Microsatellite Repeats, Demography
Abstract

Background Case management of imported malaria within the context of malaria pre-elimination is increasingly considered to be relevant because of the risk of resurgence. The assessment of malaria importation would provide key data i) to select countries with propitious conditions for pre-elimination phase and ii) to predict its feasibility. Recently, a sero-prevalence study in Djibouti indicated low malaria prevalence, which is propitious for the implementation of pre-elimination, but data on the extent of malaria importation remain unknown. Methods Djiboutian plasmodial populations were analysed over an eleven-year period (1998, 1999, 2002 and 2009). The risk of malaria importation was indirectly assessed by using plasmodial population parameters. Based on 5 microsatellite markers, expected heterozygosity (H.e.), multiplicity of infection, pairwise Fst index, multiple correspondence analysis and individual genetic relationship were determined. The prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pyrimethamine resistance was also determined. Results Data indicated a significant decline in genetic diversity (0.51, 0.59, 0.51 and 0 in 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2009, respectively) over the study period, which is inconsistent with the level of malaria importation described in a previous study. This suggested that Djiboutian malaria situation may have benefited from the decline of malaria prevalence that occurred in neighbouring countries, in particular in Ethiopia. The high Fst indices derived from plasmodial populations from one study period to another (0.12 between 1999 and 2002, and 0.43 between 2002 and 2009) suggested a random sampling of parasites, probably imported from neighbouring countries, leading to oligo-clonal expansion of few different strains during each transmission season. Nevertheless, similar genotypes observed during the study period suggested recurrent migrations and imported malaria. Conclusion In the present study, the extent of genetic diversity was used to assess the risk of malaria importation in the low malaria transmission setting of Djibouti. The molecular approach highlights i) the evolution of Djiboutian plasmodial population profiles that are consistent and compatible with Djiboutian pre-elimination goals and ii) the necessity to implement the monitoring of plasmodial populations and interventions at the regional scale in the Horn of Africa to ensure higher efficiency of malaria control and elimination.

Published
2013

14. Robust and Functional Immune Memory Up to 9 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Southeast Asian Longitudinal Cohort

Author

Hoa Thi My Vo, Alvino Maestri, Heidi Auerswald, Sopheak Sorn, Sokchea Lay, Heng Seng, Sotheary Sann, Nisa Ya, Polidy Pean, Philippe Dussart, Olivier Schwartz, Sovann Ly, Timothée Bruel, Sowath Ly, Veasna Duong, Erik A. Karlsson, Tineke Cantaert, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Communicable Disease Department [Phnom Penh] (CDC MOH), Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)–Wellcome Trust (208710/Z/17/Z to TC), « URGENCE COVID-19 » fundraising campaign of Institut Pasteur (TC, HA, and PD). HA is supported by the German Centre for International Migration and Development (CIM)., Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Vaccine Research Institute (VRI)

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, MESH: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, B cell immunity, Antibodies, Viral, MESH: Phosphoproteins, long term immune response, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: Immunity, Cellular, Immunology and Allergy, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Immunity, Humoral, B-Lymphocytes, Immunity, Cellular, MESH: Humans, T cell immunity, SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Cambodia, COVID-19, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, RC581-607, Phosphoproteins, Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Immunity, Humoral, antibody effector function, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Immunologic Memory, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Cambodia, Immunologic Memory, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

The duration of humoral and cellular immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations in least developed countries remains understudied but is key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for Spike (S)-binding and neutralizing antibodies and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-S antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune memory was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immune memory. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the absence of re-infection.

Published
2022

15. Are cercarial emergence rhythms of the diurnal and nocturnal chronotypes of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni circadian ?

Author

Lasica, Chrystelle, Mouahid, Gabriel, F., Chevalier, Le Clec’h, Winka, Chaparro, Cristian, Grunau, Christoph, Savassi, Boris A.E.S., Al Yafae, Salem, Anderson, Timothy J., Moné, Hélène, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], Directorate General of Health Services, Dhofar Governorate, and Ministry of Health [Mozambique]

Subjects
[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

16. Clonal expansion across the seas as seen through CPLP-TB database: A joint effort in cataloguing Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic diversity in Portuguese-speaking countries

Author

Ana Júlia Reis, Igor Mokrousov, Diana Machado, Ana Bárbara Scholante Silva, Nuno Taveira, Fernando Maltez, Jaciara Diniz, Hugo Silva, David Couvin, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva, Taane G. Clark, Leonardo Esteves, Elis R. Dalla-Costa, Amabelia Rodrigues, Paulo Rabna, Afranio Lineu Kritski, Fernanda Abilleira, José Roberto Lapa e Silva, Ruth McNerney, Arnab Pain, João Luis Rheingantz Scaini, Maíra Macedo, Rita Macedo, Luísa Jordão, Clarice Brum, Elizabeth Coelho, Isabel Couto, Nalin Rastogi, Sofia Viegas, Isabel Portugal, Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti, Jorge Ramos, Carla Silva, João Perdigão, Sofia Clemente, Catarina Pereira, Andrea von Groll, Miguel Viveiros, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Porto Alegre] (CDCT), Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Hospital Curry Cabral [Lisbon, Portugal], Hospital da Divina Providência [Luanda], Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institut national de santé publique [Bisseau], Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz [Portugal], Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Thoracic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics [St. Petersburg, Russia], Institut Pasteur de Saint-Pétersbourg, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries - WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), University of Cape Town, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Financial support was provided by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, for which we would like to would like to acknowledge the Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections, Fundação CAPES [PVE-CAPES. 88881.064961/2014-01- Jose R. Lapa e Silva/UFRJ coordinator], Genotyping and susceptibility profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Rio Grande, Brazil were funded by Apoio a Projetos de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Brazil/MCTI/CNPq/MS-SCTIE – Decit [404081/2012-6] and by Programa Pesquisa para o SUS – PPSUS - FAPERGS/MS/CNPq/SESRS [1193-2551/13-6], MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Porto Alegre, Brazil were funded by National Council of Research [CNPq/MCTI/Universal - Project number: 441499/2014-7], Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Portugal [PTDC/SAU-EPI/122400/2010], part of the EDCTP2 program supported by the European Union, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Portugal [Project ref. P-99934]. JP was supported by a post doc fellowship from project [PTDC/SAU-EPI/122400/2010] and by fellowship [SFRH/BPD/95406/2013] from FCT. The phylogenetic analysis work at Nalin Rastogi's lab was supported by a FEDER grant financed by the European Union and Guadeloupe Region (Programme Opérationnel FEDER-Guadeloupe-Conseil Régional 2014-2020, Grant number 2015-FED-192). IM was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-14-00292). AP was supported by a faculty baseline funding from KAUST [BAS/1/1020-01-01]. DM was supported by FCT fellowship [SFRH/BPD/100688/2014] and DM, IC MV are thankful to [GHTM UID/Multi/04413/20139] from FCT and to projects 'ForDILAB-TB' and 'A implementação de um novo método de identificação rápida do complexo M. tuberculosis nos Laboratórios de Referência da Tuberculose de Maputo e Beira' from Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and the Community of the Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP). CS was supported by FCT [SFRH/BD/73579/2010]. TC is funded by the Medical Research Council UK (Grant no. MR/K000551/1 and MR/M01360X/1, MR/N010469/1, MC_PC_15103)., European Project: 2015-FED-192,FEDER-Guadeloupe, and Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)

Subjects
Infecções Respiratórias, 0301 basic medicine, Latin Americans, Minisatellite Repeats, MIRU-VNTR, Databases, Genetic, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Guinea-Bissau, Clade, Mozambique, Migration, Spoligotyping, Molecular Epidemiology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, language, Brazil, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Microbiology, Article, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 14. Life underwater, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Genetic diversity, Portugal, Public health, Online database, Genetic Variation, Mycobacteria, LAM, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, language.human_language, 030104 developmental biology, Angola, Drug resistance, Portuguese, Demography
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem within the Community of Portuguese Language Speaking Countries (CPLP). Despite the marked variation in TB incidence across its member-states and continued human migratory flux between countries, a considerable gap in the knowledge on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure and strain circulation between the countries still exists. To address this, we have assembled and analysed the largest CPLP M. tuberculosis molecular and drug susceptibility dataset, comprised by a total of 1447 clinical isolates, including 423 multidrug-resistant isolates, from five CPLP countries. The data herein presented reinforces Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) strains as the hallmark of M. tuberculosis populational structure in the CPLP coupled with country-specific differential prevalence of minor clades. Moreover, using high-resolution typing by 24-loci MIRU-VNTR, six cross-border genetic clusters were detected, thus supporting recent clonal expansion across the Lusophone space. To make this data available to the scientific community and public health authorities we developed CPLP-TB (available at http://cplp-tb.ff.ulisboa.pt), an online database coupled with web-based tools for exploratory data analysis. As a public health tool, it is expected to contribute to improved knowledge on the M. tuberculosis population structure and strain circulation within the CPLP, thus supporting the risk assessment of strain-specific trends., Highlights • The Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP) occupies a vast geographical area. • Three CPLP countries are shortlisted in the WHO's list of Top 30 high-burden countries. • Common Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure denote historical strain flow. • Cross-border clusters suggest recent intercontinental tuberculosis transmission. • CPLP-TB: a novel strain database and framework for collaborative studies and strain tracing.

Published
2019

17. Impact of systematic early tuberculosis detection using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in children with severe pneumonia in high tuberculosis burden countries (TB-Speed pneumonia): a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial

Author

Mao Tan Eang, Laurence Borand, Maryline Bonnet, Sylvain Godreuil, Olivier Marcy, Raoul Moh, Jean-Voisin Taguebue, Sandra Mavale, Juliet Mwanga-Amumpere, Manon Lounnas, James A Seddon, Veronica Mulenga, Celso Khosa, Eric Wobudeya, Hélène Font, Aurélia Vessière, Chishala Chabala, Laurence Adonis-Koffi, Delphine Gabillard, Christophe Delacourt, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Zambia [Lusaka] (UNZA), Maputo Central Hospital, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Treichville] (CHU), Epicentre Ouganda [Mbarara] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CENAT), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Stellenbosch University, Imperial College London, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Bugema University [Kampala], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Pediatrics, Nasopharyngeal aspirate, Aftercare, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, Study Protocol, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Clinical endpoint, Uganda, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Cameroon, Child, Children, Mozambique, Cause of death, lcsh:RJ1-570, Diagnostic Trial, Patient Discharge, 3. Good health, Stool, Child, Preschool, Cambodia, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Zambia, Disease cluster, Xpert MTB, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, RIF ultra, medicine, Humans, Xpert, Science & Technology, business.industry, lcsh:Pediatrics, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Xpert MTB/RIF ultra, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, MTB, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

Background In high tuberculosis (TB) burden settings, there is growing evidence that TB is common in children with pneumonia, the leading cause of death in children under 5 years worldwide. The current WHO standard of care (SOC) for young children with pneumonia considers a diagnosis of TB only if the child has a history of prolonged symptoms or fails to respond to antibiotic treatments. As a result, many children with TB-associated severe pneumonia are currently missed or diagnosed too late. We therefore propose a diagnostic trial to assess the impact on mortality of adding the systematic early detection of TB using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and stool samples to the WHO SOC for children with severe pneumonia, followed by immediate initiation of anti-TB treatment in children testing positive on any of the samples. Methods TB-Speed Pneumonia is a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in six countries with high TB incidence rate (Côte d’Ivoire, Cameroon, Uganda, Mozambique, Zambia and Cambodia). We will enrol 3780 children under 5 years presenting with WHO-defined severe pneumonia across 15 hospitals over 18 months. All hospitals will start managing children using the WHO SOC for severe pneumonia; one hospital will be randomly selected to switch to the intervention every 5 weeks. The intervention consists of the WHO SOC plus rapid TB detection on the day of admission using Ultra performed on 1 nasopharyngeal aspirate and 1 stool sample. All children will be followed for 3 months, with systematic trial visits at day 3, discharge, 2 weeks post-discharge, and week 12. The primary endpoint is all-cause mortality 12 weeks after inclusion. Qualitative and health economic evaluations are embedded in the trial. Discussion In addition to testing the main hypothesis that molecular detection and early treatment will reduce TB mortality in children, the strength of such pragmatic research is that it provides some evidence regarding the feasibility of the intervention as part of routine care. Should this intervention be successful, safe and well tolerated, it could be systematically implemented at district hospital level where children with severe pneumonia are referred. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03831906. Registered 6 February 2019.

Published
2021

18. Effect of mass dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine administration in southern Mozambique on the carriage of molecular markers of antimalarial resistance

Author

Himanshu Gupta, Beatriz Galatas, Didier Menard, Wilson Simone, Silvie Huijben, Lidia Nhamussua, Quique Bassat, Pedro Aide, Francisco Saute, Pau Cisteró, Pascal Ringwald, Arlindo Chidimatembue, Alfredo Mayor, Pedro L. Alonso, Gloria Matambisso, N. Regina Rabinovich, Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [Maputo, Mozambique] (CISM), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Mozambique, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], We would like to thank La Caixa and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundations for providing the funds for this study (grant number INV-008483 / OPP1115265). A.M. is supported by the Departament d’Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017SGR664). HG was supported (January 2017-January 2019) by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India (Overseas Postdoctoral Fellowship, SB/OS/PDF043/201516). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023' Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The Centro de Investigaçao em Saude de Manhica (CISM) is supported by the Government of Mozambique and the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID). This research is part of ISGlobal’s Program on the Molecular Mechanisms of Malaria, which is partially supported by the Fundación Ramón Areces., and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Plasmodium, Drug Resistance, Protozoan Proteins, Drug resistance, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Conditions, Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Artemisinin, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, Mozambique, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Protozoans, Multidisciplinary, biology, Pharmaceutics, Malarial Parasites, Eukaryota, Drugs, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, Drug Combinations, Medicaments antipalúdics, Quinolines, MESH: Drug Resistance, Medicine, MESH: Quinolines, medicine.drug, Research Article, Drug Administration, Science, MESH: Mozambique, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Antibiotic resistance, Drug Therapy, Piperaquine, Microbial Control, Parasite Groups, MESH: Artemisinins, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, parasitic diseases, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Mass drug administration, Resistència als medicaments, Pharmacology, MESH: Drug Combinations, Polymorphism, Genetic, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Tropical Diseases, Virology, MESH: Antimalarials, Parasitic Protozoans, Malaria, Parasitology, Antimicrobial Resistance, Apicomplexa
Abstract

Background Mass drug administration (MDA) can rapidly reduce the burden of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). However, concerns remain about its contribution to select for antimalarial drug resistance. Methods We used Sanger sequencing and real-time PCR to determine the proportion of molecular markers associated with antimalarial resistance (k13, pfpm2, pfmdr1 and pfcrt) in Pf isolates collected before (n = 99) and after (n = 112) the implementation of two monthly MDA rounds with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DHAp) for two consecutive years in Magude district of Southern Mozambique. Results None of the k13 polymorphisms associated with artemisinin resistance were observed in the Pf isolates analyzed. The proportion of Pf isolates with multiple copies of pfpm2, an amplification associated with piperaquine resistance, was similar in pre- (4.9%) and post-MDA groups (3.4%; p = 1.000). No statistically significant differences were observed between pre- and post-MDA groups in the proportion of Pf isolates neither with mutations in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes, nor with the carriage of pfmdr1 multiple copies (p>0.05). Conclusions This study does not show any evidence of increased frequency of molecular makers of antimalarial resistance after MDA with DHAp in southern Mozambique where markers of antimalarial resistance were absent or low at the beginning of the intervention.

Published
2020

19. First identification of genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia) among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Mozambique

Author

Delfino Vubil, Jason M. Mwenda, Augusto Messa, Pamela C. Köster, Begoña Bailo, Sozinho Acácio, Tacilta Nhampossa, Sooria Balasegaram, Alejandro Dashti, Inacio Mandomando, Aly Salimo Muadica, Marcelino Garrine, Percina Chirinda, Filomena Manjate, David Carmena, Mónica Santín, Rafael Calero-Bernal, Fundo Nacional de Investigação, Ministry of Health (Mozambique), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Estado Unidos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, Urban Population, RC955-962, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Geographical Locations, Zoonoses, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Microsporidiosis, Epidemiology, Genotype, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Child, DNA, Fungal, Mozambique, Phylogeny, Molecular Epidemiology, education.field_of_study, biology, Transmission (medicine), Database and informatics methods, Sequence analysis, HIV diagnosis and management, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Bioinformatics, Population, Nucleotide Sequencing, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Research and Analysis Methods, Asymptomatic, Host Specificity, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, parasitic diseases, Parasitic Diseases, medicine, Adults, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, education, Molecular Biology, DNA sequence analysis, Molecular epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, Infant, Enterocytozoon, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Age Groups, People and Places, Africa, Population Groupings
Abstract

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a human pathogen with a broad range of animal hosts. Initially, E. bieneusi was considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised, mainly HIV-infected patients, but it has been increasingly reported in apparently healthy individuals globally. As in other African countries, the molecular epidemiology of E. bieneusi in Mozambique remains completely unknown. Therefore, we undertook a study to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi infections in children with gastrointestinal symptoms as well as in asymptomatic children in Mozambique. Individual stool specimens were collected from 1,247 children aged between 0 and 14 years-old living in urban and rural settings in Zambézia (n = 1,097) and Maputo (n = 150) provinces between 2016 and 2019. Samples were analysed for E. bieneusi by nested-PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. All positive amplicons were confirmed and genotyped. Penalised logistic regression (Firth) was used to evaluate risk associations. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in this children population was 0.7% (9/1,247). A 10-fold higher prevalence was found in Maputo (4.0%; 6/150) than in Zambézia (0.3%; 3/1,097). All E. bieneusi-positive samples were from children older than 1-year of age, and most (8/9) from asymptomatic children. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ITS region revealed the presence of four genotypes, three previously reported (Peru11, n = 1; Type IV, n = 2, and S2, n = 2) and a novel genotype (named HhMzEb1, n = 4). Novel genotype HhMzEb1 was identified in both asymptomatic (75%, 3/4) and symptomatic (25%, 1/4) children from a rural area in Maputo province in southern Mozambique. Genotypes HhMzEb1, Peru11, S2, and Type IV belonged to the Group 1 that includes genotypes with low host specificity and the potential for zoonotic and cross-species transmission. Being infected by enteric protozoan parasites and no handwashing were identified as risk associations for E. bieneusi infection. This study reports the first investigation of E. bieneusi genotypes in Mozambique with the identification of three previously reported genotypes in humans as well as a novel genotype (HhMzEb1). Findings highlight the need to conduct additional research to elucidate the epidemiology of E. bieneusi in the country, especially in rural areas where poor hygiene conditions still prevail. Special attention should be paid to the identification of suitable animal and environmental reservoirs of this parasite and to the characterization of transmission pathways., Author summary Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts. It is the most important etiological agent of human microsporidiasis. Most clinical and epidemiological studies conducted to date have focused on immunodeficient or immunosuppressed individuals including HIV+ patients and solid organ transplant recipients, as in those E. bieneusi infection causes life-threatening chronic diarrhoea. In contrast, latent microsporidia infections in immunocompetent individuals have received far less attention. Molecular epidemiological studies in humans and animals have revealed that E. bieneusi encompasses a very large diversity of genetic variants (genotypes) with marked differences in host specificity and even geographical distribution. In Mozambique, as in many other African countries, the epidemiology of E. bieneusi is completely unknown. Therefore, to identify the occurrence and genetic diversity of this pathogen in Mozambique stool samples were obtained from children, including apparently healthy and symptomatic, in Zambézia and Maputo provinces and tested for E. bieneusi by molecular methods. Results demonstrated the presence of E. bieneusi genotypes for the first time in Mozambique. Four genotypes were identified, three genotypes that have previously been reported in humans (Peru11, Type IV, and S2) and a novel genotype (HhMzEb1). Two of the genotypes Peru11, Type IV have also been frequently identified in animals indicating that potentially zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes are inadvertently circulating in the surveyed populations. Additional population genetic studies are needed to elucidate the actual extent of the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi in Mozambique.

Published
2020

20. Complete Genome Sequences of Dengue Virus Type 2 Epidemic Strains from Reunion Island and the Seychelles

Author

Meggy Louange, Jude Gedeon, Célestine Atyame Nten, Leon Biscornet, Patrick Mavingui, Céline Toty, Marjolaine Roche, Philippe Desprès, Hervé Pascalis, Jastin Bibi, Sarah Hafsia, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Seychelles Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Disease Surveillance and Response Unit, Ministry of Health, European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030231 tropical medicine, Dengue virus, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Type (biology), Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous), [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, medicine, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Genome Sequences, Outbreak, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Virology, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 3. Good health, Indian ocean, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Dengue virus has recently reemerged in the southern Indian Ocean islands, causing outbreaks in Reunion Island and the Seychelles. In the present study, we determined the complete genome sequences of closely related clinical isolates of dengue virus type 2 circulating in the Seychelles in 2016 and Reunion Island in 2018.

Published
2020

21. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical-pathological features and HIV infection in Mozambican patients

Author

Carla Carrilho, Luzmira Dimande, Yu-Tsueng Liu, Liana Mondlane, Cremildo Maueia, Muhammad Ismail, Nuno Lunet, Pascal Pineau, Eduardo Samo Gudo, Francisco Mbofana, Michella Loforte, Sheila Machatine, Nilesh Bhatt, Fabiola Fernandes, Assucena Guisseve, Fatima Maibaze, Lina Cunha, Gastroenterology Service, Maputo Private Hospital, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo Central Hospital, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], National Institute of Health Mozambique, National AIDS Council, Epidemiology Research Unit [Porto, Portugal] (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública [Porto, Portugal], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse / Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The study was funded by The US National Institutes of Healththrough the UCSD Cancer Center (NIH/NCI P30 CA23100) and the Center for AIDS Research (NIAID P30 AI036214) HIV associated malignancy pilot grant., Pineau, Pascal, Universidade do Porto-Universidade do Porto, University of California, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, HBsAg, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Mozambique, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Coinfection, Incidence (epidemiology), Liver Neoplasms, virus diseases, Hepatitis B, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, Fine-needle aspiration, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis B virus, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, business.industry, Cancer, HIV, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, digestive system diseases, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background and aims : Mozambique had been ranked among the countries with the highest global incidence of HCC with chronic hepatitis B infection and high exposure to aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) being major risk factors. Indeed, HCC remains one of the most frequent cancer in Maputo. On the other hand, Mozambique has a high prevalence of infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Our study aims to describe the epidemiology, clinicopathological and serological features of patients with HCC in Maputo Central Hospital and its relationship with HIV. Methods : A series of 206 patients, diagnosed with HCC via fine needle aspiration, were consecutively included in the study. Patient data was collected using a questionnaire and all patients were tested for HBV, HCV, HIV. Results : Median age was 49 years old and the M: F sex ratio was 2.4. A total of 114 (56.2%) of the patients were HBsAg positive. Hepatitis C antibodies were present in 8.9% of cases, and co-infection with HBV and HCV (HBsAg/anti-HCV) was observed in 4 (2.0%) cases. The remainder, 36.3%, were neither hepatitis B- nor C-related. HIV was detected in 34 cases (18.0%) cases. HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV co-infections were observed in 22 (68.8%) and 2 (6.2%) cases. Overall, positivity for HIV was associated with younger age, and especially in patients with HBsAg+/anti-HCV+. Conclusions : Our data emphasize the need for a reinforcement of secondary prevention measures in Mozambique. Serological screening for HBV in people born before universal anti-hepatitis B immunization (2001), effective screening, and specific management in HIV(+) patients are urgently needed.

Published
2019

22. The phylogeny of the genus Indoplanorbis (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) from Africa and the French West Indies

Author

Camille Clerissi, Salem Al Yafae, Jean-François Allienne, Moudachirou Ibikounlé, Hélène Moné, Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema, Gabriel Mouahid, Cristian Chaparro, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Directorate General of Health Services, Dhofar Governorate, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (CENAREST), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, and University of Abomey Calavi (UAC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetic diversity, Phylogenetic tree, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Zoology, Biology, Southeast asian, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetic diversity, 030104 developmental biology, Genus, Phylogenetics, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Animal Science and Zoology, 14. Life underwater, Internal transcribed spacer, Clade, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Indoplanorbis exustus is a freshwater snail known as the intermediate host of various trematode parasites, including different species of the genus Schistosoma. Although its genetic diversity is well described in Asia, the phylogenetic diversity of strains from Africa and Guadeloupe (French West Indies) and their relationship to Asian and SouthEast Asian strains remain unknown. To tackle this issue, we sampled individuals from Africa and Guadeloupe, and we computed phylogenetic reconstructions using five molecular markers: partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes, cox1 and 16S, and three nuclear markers, ITS1, ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 and 2) and 5.8S. Our results suggest that strains in Africa and Guadeloupe come from Asia and that they all belong to a single clade that is widespread around the globe.

Published
2018

23. Combating Global Antibiotic Resistance: Emerging One Health Concerns in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Author

Nadimpalli, Maya, Delarocque-Astagneau, Elisabeth, Love, David C, Price, Lance B, Huynh, Bich-Tram, Collard, Jean-Marc, Lay, Kruy Sun, Borand, Laurence, Ndir, Awa, Walsh, Timothy R, Guillemot, Didier, De Lauzanne, Agathe, Kerleguer, Alexandra, Tarantola, Arnaud, Piola, Patrice, Chon, Thida, Lach, Siyin, Ngo, Veronique, Touch, Sok, Andrianirina, Zo Zafitsara, Vray, Muriel, Richard, Vincent, Seck, Abdoulaye, Bercion, Raymond, Sow, Amy Gassama, Diouf, Jean Baptiste, Dieye, Pape Samba, Sy, Balla, Ndao, Bouya, Seguy, Maud, Watier, Laurence, Abdou, Armiya Youssouf, Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Pharmacoepidemiologie et évaluation de l'impact des produits de santé sur les populations, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Unité d'Epidémiologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Communicable Disease Department [Phnom Penh] (CDC MOH), Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur de Bangui, IDEFI-N-Reflexpro, Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers (ECOTROP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Bacterial Infections and antibiotic-Resistant Diseases among Young children in low-income countries (BIRDY) Study Group., Tarantola, Arnaud, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Environmental pollution, Drug resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, Drug Misuse, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Development economics, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, One Health, Developing Countries, Poverty, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Middle income countries, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Antibiotic misuse, Food safety, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, 13. Climate action, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Income, business, Environmental Pollution
Abstract

International audience; Antibiotic misuse in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance that can disseminate globally. Strategies specific to LMICs that seek to reduce antibiotic misuse by humans, but simultaneously improve antibiotic access, have been proposed. However, most approaches to date have not considered the growing impact of animal and environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, which threaten to exacerbate the antibiotic resistance crisis in LMICs. In particular, current strategies do not prioritize the impacts of increased antibiotic use for terrestrial food-animal and aquaculture production, inadequate food safety, and widespread environmental pollution. Here, we propose new approaches that address emerging, One Health challenges.

Published
2018

24. Serotype Distribution of Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates before the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Cambodia

Author

Matthew R. Kasper, Vonthanak Saphonn, Arnaud Tarantola, Blandine Rammaert, Gavin W. Ford, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Paul Turner, Chadwick Y. Yasuda, Sok Touch, Alexandra Kerleguer, Christina Farris, Youlet By, Bertrand Guillard, Sirenda Vong, Laurence Borand, Buth Sokhal, Malin Inghammar, Jan Jacobs, Melina Messaoudi, Chanleakhena Phoeung, Thong Phe, Charles Mayaud, Ung Sam An, Sophie Goyet, Steven Newell, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Skane University Hospital [Lund], Fondation Mérieux, University of Health Science, US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Shihanouk Hospital Centre of HOPE, Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cambodian National Laboratory of Public Health, Communicable Disease Department [Phnom Penh] (CDC MOH), Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Cambodia Oxford Medical Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tarantola, Arnaud

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Serotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal Vaccines, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, Articles, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Typing Techniques, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, Cambodia, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, medicine.drug, Adult, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Serogroup, Mass Vaccination, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.IMM.VAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, Antibiotic resistance, Virology, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Humans, Aged, Vaccines, Conjugate, business.industry, Sputum, Infant, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal, Laboratories, Hospital, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, Parasitology, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, business
Abstract

International audience; Childhood vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in Cambodia in January 2015. Baseline data regarding circulating serotypes are scarce. All microbiology laboratories in Cambodia were contacted for identification of stored isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniaefrom clinical specimens taken before the introduction of PCV13. Available isolates were serotyped using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Among 166 identified isolates available for serotyping from patients with pneumococcal disease, 4% were isolated from upper respiratory samples and 80% were from lower respiratory samples, and 16% were invasive isolates. PCV13 serotypes accounted for 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52-67) of all isolates; 56% (95% CI 48-64) of noninvasive and 77% (95% CI 57-89) of invasive isolates. Antibiotic resistance was more common among PCV13 serotypes. This study of clinicalS. pneumoniaeisolates supports the potential for high reduction in pneumococcal disease burden and may serve as baseline data for future monitoring ofS. pneumoniaeserotypes circulation after implementation of PCV13 childhood vaccination in Cambodia.

Published
2018

25. Open Source Software Ecosystems in Health Sector: A Case Study from Sri Lanka

Author

Roshan Hewapathirana, Jørn Braa, Pamod Amarakoon, University of Oslo (UiO), Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Jyoti Choudrie, M. Sirajul Islam, Fathul Wahid, Julian M. Bass, Johanes Eka Priyatma, TC 9, and WG 9.4

Subjects
Free and open source software, Service (systems architecture), Source code, Knowledge management, business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Software ecosystem, Frame (networking), 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Personalization, Domain (software engineering), Software, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Health information system, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], business, Implementation, media_common
Abstract

Part 2: Large Scale and Complex Information Systems for Development; International audience; A software ecosystem consists of a software platform, a set of internal and external developers and domain experts in service to a community of users that compose relevant solution elements to satisfy their needs. Open source is well-known for its potential to frame software ecosystems with its networking tendency and provision for further customization with access to software source code. Open source is increasingly becoming the choice for health information system implementations in low resource settings.This longitudinal case study was designed to study the research question, how a software ecosystem is being built around an open source health information system implementation. Empirically the study was positioned in a multi-sector initiative identifying and support nutritionally at-risk households to eliminating malnutrition. The discussion reveals how new dependencies between health and non-health sector actors were created with the emerging software ecosystem based on an open source framework and supplementary custom-built web and mobile components.

Published
2017

26. Predictors of antimalarial self-medication in illegal gold miners in French Guiana: a pathway towards artemisinin resistance

Author

Mathieu Nacher, Félix Djossou, Louise Hureau, Maylis Douine, Yassamine Lazrek, Stéphane Pelleau, R Chanlin, Magalie Demar, Lise Musset, Florine Corlin, S. Vreden, Helene Hiwat, Béatrice Volney, D. Blanchet, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, European Funds for Regional Development (Feder), N° Presage 32078 - OrPal - 32078 - INCOMING, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Malaria Program, Paramaribo, Suriname, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Foundation for the Advancement of Scientific Research in Suriname [Paramaribo] (SWOS), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicale, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane), This study was funded by European Funds for Regional Development (Feder), N° Presage 32078, benefited from funding from Santé Publique France (French Ministry of Health) and was supported by an 'Investissement d'Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 32078,OrPal, and Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé)

Subjects
Male, Cross-sectional study, Psychological intervention, Drug Resistance, Drug resistance, Self Medication, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Mass Screening, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Artemisinin, Malaria, Falciparum, Suriname, Traditional medicine, biology, Middle Aged, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Criminal Behavior, Female, medicine.drug, Self-medication, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, Miners, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Young Adult, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Humans, Mass screening, Pharmacology, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Treatment Adherence and Compliance, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Gold, business, Malaria
Abstract

International audience; Background:Malaria is endemic in French Guiana (FG), South America. Despite the decrease in cases in the local population, illegal gold miners are very affected by malaria (22.3% of them carried Plasmodium spp.). Self-medication seems to be very common, but its modalities and associated factors have not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate parasite susceptibility to drugs and to document behaviours that could contribute to resistance selection in illegal gold miners.Methods:This multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted in resting sites along the FG-Surinamese border. Participating gold miners working in FG completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample.Results:From January to June 2015, 421 illegal gold miners were included. Most were Brazilian (93.8%) and 70.5% were male. During the most recent malaria attack, 45.5% reported having been tested for malaria and 52.4% self-medicated, mainly with artemisinin derivatives (90%). Being in FG during the last malaria attack was the main factor associated with self-medication (adjusted OR = 22.1). This suggests that access to malaria diagnosis in FG is particularly difficult for Brazilian illegal gold miners. Treatment adherence was better for persons who reported being tested. None of the 32 samples with Plasmodium falciparum presented any mutation on the pfK13 gene, but one isolate showed a resistance profile to artemisinin derivatives in vitro.Conclusions:The risk factors for the selection of resistance are well known and this study showed that they are present in FG with persons who self-medicated with poor adherence. Interventions should be implemented among this specific population to avoid the emergence of artemisinin resistance.

Published
2017

27. Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir

Author

Koussay Dellagi, Jimmy Mélanie, Leon Biscornet, Yann Gomard, Vanina Guernier, Maria Tirant, Gildas Le Minter, Jeanine de Comarmond, Graham Govinden, Julien Mélade, Julien Jaubert, Patrick Mavingui, Pablo Tortosa, Jastin Bibi, Erwan Lagadec, Gérard Rocamora, Frédéric Pagès, Seychelles Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien (CYROI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Regional Office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Ministry of health of Seychelles, Ministry of agriculture and fisheries, Université des Seychelles, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion (GHSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Univ, Réunion

Subjects
Male, Bacterial Diseases, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Disease reservoir, Epidemiology, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prospective Studies, Mammals, Leptospira, Islands, biology, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Middle Aged, Leptospirosis, 3. Good health, Polymerase chain reaction, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Vertebrates, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Pathogens, Leptospira interrogans, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Infectious disease epidemiology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Research and Analysis Methods, Seychelles, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, Disease burden, Disease Reservoirs, Bacteria, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Tropical Diseases, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Rats, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, People and Places, Africa, Amniotes, Bacterial pathogens, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Background Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira for which rats are considered as the main reservoir. Disease incidence is higher in tropical countries, especially in insular ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine the current burden of leptospirosis in Seychelles, a country ranking first worldwide according to historical data, to establish epidemiological links between animal reservoirs and human disease, and to identify drivers of transmission. Methods A total of 223 patients with acute febrile symptoms of unknown origin were enrolled in a 12-months prospective study and tested for leptospirosis through real-time PCR, IgM ELISA and MAT. In addition, 739 rats trapped throughout the main island were investigated for Leptospira renal carriage. All molecularly confirmed positive samples were further genotyped. Results A total of 51 patients fulfilled the biological criteria of acute leptospirosis, corresponding to an annual incidence of 54.6 (95% CI 40.7–71.8) per 100,000 inhabitants. Leptospira carriage in Rattus spp. was overall low (7.7%) but dramatically higher in Rattus norvegicus (52.9%) than in Rattus rattus (4.4%). Leptospira interrogans was the only detected species in both humans and rats, and was represented by three distinct Sequence Types (STs). Two were novel STs identified in two thirds of acute human cases while noteworthily absent from rats. Conclusions This study shows that human leptospirosis still represents a heavy disease burden in Seychelles. Genotype data suggests that rats are actually not the main reservoir for human disease. We highlight a rather limited efficacy of preventive measures so far implemented in Seychelles. This could result from ineffective control measures of excreting animal populations, possibly due to a misidentification of the main contaminating reservoir(s). Altogether, presented data stimulate the exploration of alternative reservoir animal hosts., Author summary Leptospirosis is an emerging environmental infectious disease caused by corkscrew shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Humans usually get infected during recreational or work-related outdoor activities through contact with urine excreted by animal reservoirs. As a zoonotic disease, leptospirosis is a good example of the One Health concept for it links humans, animals and ecosystems in a web of pathogen maintenance and transmission. This zoonosis is highly prevalent in the tropics and especially in tropical islands. Seychelles archipelago has been reported as the country with highest human incidence worldwide, although figures are based on dated studies and/or poorly specific tests. The presented investigation aimed at providing an updated information on human leptospirosis burden in Seychelles and exploring the transmission chains in their environmental aspects. Presented data confirms that the disease still heavily impacts the country. Genotyping of pathogenic Leptospira in human acute cases reveals that three distinct Sequence Types (STs) are involved in the disease. However, rats typically considered as the main reservoir in Seychelles, harbor only one of these STs, found only in a minority of human cases. Hence, it appears that rats are likely not the main reservoir of leptospirosis in Seychelles, which has important consequences in terms of preventive measures to be implemented for a better control of human leptospirosis.

Published
2017

28. Influence of Intention to Adhere, Beliefs and Satisfaction About Medicines on Adherence in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Author

Pascal Pansu, Elisabeth Borrel, Matthieu Roustit, Pierrick Bedouch, C. Saint-Raymond, Audrey Lehmann, Marie-Noelle Hilleret, Amélie Hugon, Benoît Allenet, Paolo Malvezzi, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CIC - Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Département de cardiologie [CHU de Grenoble], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Département de Gastroentérologie et hépatologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Département de Diabétologie, Urologie, Néphrologie et Endocrinologie (CHU-Grenoble), CHU Grenoble, Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé (TIMC-IMAG-ThEMAS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Éducation (Grenoble) (LSE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie [ ?-2019] (UGA UFRP [ ?-2019]), Centre de Recherche Clinique, CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé [?-2015] (TIMC-ThEMAS [?-2015]), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 [2011-2015] (TIMC [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMAG-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMAG-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Time Factors, Multivariate analysis, Culture, Psychological intervention, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Intention, 030230 surgery, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, 030212 general & internal medicine, Satisfaction with Medication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Graft Survival, Theory of planned behavior, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Female, Drug Monitoring, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Medication Adherence, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient satisfaction, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, medicine, Humans, Socioeconomic status, Aged, Transplantation, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Organ Transplantation, Odds ratio, Logistic Models, Family medicine, Multivariate Analysis, Physical therapy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Perception, Self Report, business, Chi-squared distribution
Abstract

International audience; Introduction Nonadherence to immunosuppressive (IS) therapy is associated with poor outcomes. Identifying factors predicting poor adherence is therefore essential. The primary objective of this study was to test whether parameters of a model adapted from the theory of planned behavior, and more specifically attitudes that are influenced by beliefs and satisfaction with medication, could predict adherence in solid organ transplant patients.Methods Adherence was assessed with a self-reported medication adherence scale and IS blood trough concentrations over 6 months, in four transplant units. Satisfaction and beliefs were assessed using the Treatment Satisfaction with Medicines Questionnaire (SATMED-Q) and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), respectively. Theory of planned behavior was assessed with a specific questionnaire exploring intentions, subjective norms, attitudes and perceived behavioral control. Treatment characteristics and socioeconomic data were also collected.Results One hundred and fifty-three solid organ transplant patients were enrolled, including lung (n=33), heart (n=43), liver (n=42), and kidney (n=44) patients. Satisfaction and positive beliefs about medication were higher in adherent than those in nonadherent patients. Factors independently associated with an increased risk of nonadherence were negative general beliefs about medications (odds ratio [OR]=0.89 [0.83–0.97]), living alone (OR=2.78 [1.09–7.09]), heart transplantation (OR=3.49 [1.34–9.09]), and being on everolimus (OR=5.02 [1.21–20.8]).Conclusion Negative beliefs toward medications were shown to be an independent risk factor of poor adherence. Therefore, the BMQ could be an effective, easy to implement tool, for use in everyday practice, to identify patients needing interventions to improve adherence to IS.

Published
2014

29. Independent emergence of artemisinin resistance mutations among Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia

Author

Bouasy Hongvanthong, Tran Tinh Hien, Christopher S. Pepin, Nguyen Thanh Thuy Nhien, John C. Tan, Wasif A. Khan, Harald Noedl, François Nosten, Shannon Takala-Harrison, Christopher G Jacob, Jason A. Bailey, Didier Menard, Stuart D. Tyner, Paul N. Newton, Aung Pyae Phyo, David L. Saunders, Frédéric Ariey, Myaing Myaing Nyunt, Christopher V. Plowe, Delia Bethell, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Mallika Imwong, Joana C. Silva, Taane G. Clark, Tyler S. Brown, Myat Htut Nyunt, Youry Se, Peter Starzengruber, Maniphone Khanthavong, Nicholas J. White, Matthew Adams, Arjen M. Dondorp, Mark M. Fukuda, Michael P. Cummings, Bronwyn MacInnis, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Myat Phone Kyaw, Chanthap Lon, Cesar Arze, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Olivo Miotto, Michael T. Ferdig, Mayfong Mayxay, Paul Swoboda, Pascal Ringwald, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria [Bangkok, Thaïlande] (DPDM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Faculty of Tropical Medicine [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] (AFRIMS), Immunologie moléculaire des parasites, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institute of Parasitology [Vienna], University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Département informatique (INFO), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford

Subjects
MESH: Mutation, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, malaria, Drug resistance, artemisinin resistance, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, kelch, MESH: Genotype, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Artemisinins, parasitic diseases, Genotype, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Kelch protein, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Genetics, Mutation, MESH: Humans, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Haplotype, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Southeast Asia, MESH: Antimalarials, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Artesunate, MESH: Drug Resistance, Malaria
Abstract

The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia threatens malaria treatment efficacy. Mutations in a kelch protein encoded on P. falciparum chromosome 13 (K13) have been associated with resistance in vitro and in field samples from Cambodia.P. falciparum infections from artesunate efficacy trials in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam were genotyped at 33 716 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear mixed models were used to test associations between parasite genotypes and parasite clearance half-lives following artesunate treatment. K13 mutations were tested for association with artemisinin resistance, and extended haplotypes on chromosome 13 were examined to determine whether mutations arose focally and spread or whether they emerged independently.The presence of nonreference K13 alleles was associated with prolonged parasite clearance half-life (P = 1.97 × 10(-12)). Parasites with a mutation in any of the K13 kelch domains displayed longer parasite clearance half-lives than parasites with wild-type alleles. Haplotype analysis revealed both population-specific emergence of mutations and independent emergence of the same mutation in different geographic areas.K13 appears to be a major determinant of artemisinin resistance throughout Southeast Asia. While we found some evidence of spreading resistance, there was no evidence of resistance moving westward from Cambodia into Myanmar.

Published
2016

30. A Worldwide Map of Plasmodium falciparum K13-Propeller Polymorphisms

Author

Benoit Witkowski, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Garib Das Thakur, Céline Barnadas, Djibrine Djalle, Michael Ramharter, Mindy Leelawong, Wasif Ali-Khan, Harald Noedl, Bouasy Hongvanthong, Mohammad Shafiul-Alam, Hypolite Muhindo-Mavoko, Abdillahi Mohamed Hassan, Judith Straimer, Nimol Khim, Kigbafori D. Silué, Kaknika Loch, Barbara H. Stokes, Maria Dorina Bustos, Laura Berne, Dylan R. Pillai, Ayola A. Adegnika, Lin Hua Tang, Rotha Eam, Saorin Kim, Alioune Dieye, Mei Li, Carole E. Eboumbou-Moukoko, Lydie Canier, Marian Warsame, Didier Menard, David A. Fidock, Yap Boum, Lyndes Wini, Abdiqani Sheikh-Omar, Patrick Tshibangu-Wa-Tshibangu, Maman Laminou Ibrahim, Mohammad Jahirul-Karim, Malen Ken, Monique A. Dorkenoo, Sócrates Herrera, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Lise Musset, Valentine Duru, Eric Legrand, Maniphone Khanthavong, Pascal Ringwald, Bruno Pradines, Sandrine Houzé, Rachida Tahar, Olukemi K. Amodu, Johann Beghain, Sandie Menard, Liwang Cui, Colin J. Sutherland, Jun Hu Chen, Kesara Na-Bangchang, Khin Lin, Michael Nambozi, Rithea Leang, Jean Christophe Barale, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Sophy Chy, Frédéric Ariey, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, Isabelle Morlais, Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz, Lubin Jiang, Christophe Rogier, Jun Cao, Peter G. Kremsner, Bui Quang-Phuc, Inès Vigan-Womas, Din Syafruddin, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Shigeyuki Kano, Abebe A. Fola, Louis Collet, Karamoko Niaré, Thierry Fandeur, Sedigheh Zakeri, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Antoine Berry, Jean Baptiste Mazarati, Fe Espino, Ghulam Rahim-Awab, Chanra Khean, Offianan Andre Toure, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique et Génomique des Insectes vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Centre de Recherche Médicale de Lambaréné, Albert Schweitzer, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), University of Ibadan, Nangarhar University, Mahidol University [Bangkok], The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), University of Melbourne, Papua New Guinea Institute for Medical Research (PNGIMR), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Mbarara University of Science and Technology [Mbarara] (MUST), Epicentre Ouganda [Mbarara] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], World Health Organization (WHO), country office for Thailand, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), JiangSu University, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Disease Control, China, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Epidemiology and Disease Control division (EDCD), Ministry of Public Health [Nepal], Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Université de Lomé [Togo], Université de Douala, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), University of Gondar, Institute of Parasitology [Vienna], University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, World Health Organisation (WHO), country office for Somalia, Caucaseco scientific research center = Centro de Investigación Científica Caucaseco, National Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (Niamey, Niger) (CERMES), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), National Center for Global Health and Medicine [Japan] (NCGM), Institut Pasteur du Laos, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia [Manaus, Brésil] (ILMD), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), National Center for Malaria Control, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health of Cambodgia, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJM), U.S. Naval Medical Research, The Department of Medical Research (Upper Myanmar), Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement [Yaoundé, Cameroun] (IRD [Cameroun]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), University of Antwerp (UA), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Thammasat University (TU), Tropical Diseases Research Center (TDRC), Université de Bamako, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Centre Muraz, Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Global Malaria Programme, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Ministry of Health and Human Services [Somalia], Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire [Abidjan] (CSRS-CI), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Groupe de recherche action en santé (GRAS), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Hasanuddin, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology [Jakarta], Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Microbiologie structurale - Structural Microbiology (Microb. Struc. (UMR_3528 / U-Pasteur_5)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Supported by the Institut Pasteur Paris, Institut Pasteur International Division, Institut Pasteur Cambodia, and the World Health Organization, by a grant (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) from the French Government Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases', a grant from Natixis Banques, a grant (R01I109023, to Dr. Fidock) from the National Institutes of Health, grants from the Fiocruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (13-BSV3-0018-01 and11-BSV7-009-01), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research, and Econo-my, the Calgary Laboratory Services, the Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (CT-2004-31070-001), the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, the Else Kroener Fresenius Stiftung, the Holger Poehlmann Stiftung, the European Community African–European Research Initiative 'IDEA' (HEALTH-F3-2009-241642), the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, the Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad–Universitaire Ontwikkelingssamenwerking, the Belgian Technical Cooperation in Democratic Republic of Congo, the European Community Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013, 242095, and 223601), the European Commission (REGPOT-CT-2011-285837-STRONGER), the Ministère de la Santé Publique du Niger (Laboratoire National de Référence Résistance aux Antipaludiques), the Foundation of National Science and Technology Major Program (2012ZX10004-220), the French Ministry of Health (Institut National de Veille Sanitaire), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the 5% Initiative program (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France Expertise Internationale, 12INI109), the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, the Government of the Philippines, the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the Foundation des Treilles, the Délégation Générale pour l’Armement (PDH-2-NRBC-4-B1-402), the Institut Pasteur de Bangui, the International Society for Health Research and Training, the Malaria Research Initiative Bandarban, Vienna, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, the Médecins sans Frontières (Centre Opérationnel Paris, France), Medicines for Malaria Venture, the National Research Council of Thailand, the Thammasat University, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271870, 81361120405, and 81271863), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130114 and BK20150001), the Jiangsu Science and Technology Department (BM2015024), the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI11646601, AI109023, and ICEMR U19AI089702, U19AI089672), the Pasteur Institute of Iran, the Malaria Division of the Iranian Center for Diseases Management and Control, Public Health England (Malaria Reference Service Contract), the Government of Rwanda, the U.S. Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (P0463-14-N6), the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health training (D43 TW007393), the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, the Government of Japan (Science and Technology Agency, Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan International Cooperation Agency, and Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development), and the President’s Malaria Initiative of the U.S. Agency for International Development., The KARMA Consortium, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-13-BSV3-0018,MALARTRES,Résistance de Plasmodium aux antipaludiques de la famille des artémisinines(2013), ANR-13-BSV7-0009,NEBEDIV,Le rôle des ennemis naturels dans la diversité béta des arbres tropicaux(2013), European Project: CT-2004-31070-001,EDCCTP, European Project: HEALTH-F3-2009-24164,IDEA, European Project: FP7/2007-2013, 24209,FP7, European Project: FP7/2007-2013, 22360,FP7, European Project: 285837,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2011-1,STRONGER(2011), European Project: 242095,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,EVIMALAR(2009), European Project: 223601,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-B,MALVECBLOK(2009), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia., Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Caucaseco scientific research center, Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement [Yaoundé], Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme - Région Antilles-Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), Van geertruyden, Jean-Pierre, and KARMA Consortium

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Nonsynonymous substitution, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Endemic Diseases, MESH: Asia, Southeastern, Drug Resistance, Protozoan Proteins, Drug resistance, MESH: Genotype, Lactones, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Artemisinin, Malaria, Falciparum, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, Asia, Southeastern, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Genetics, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, General Medicine, Artemisinins, MESH: China, 3. Good health, MESH: Endemic Diseases, MESH: Drug Resistance, Algorithms, MESH: Lactones, medicine.drug, China, MESH: Mutation, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Algorithms, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, MESH: Artemisinins, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Allele, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, Haplotype, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Mutation, Human medicine, Malaria
Abstract

Comment inK13-Propeller Mutations and Malaria Resistance, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1604520; International audience; BACKGROUND:Recent gains in reducing the global burden of malaria are threatened by the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins. The discovery that mutations in portions of a P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13)-propeller domains are the major determinant of resistance has provided opportunities for monitoring such resistance on a global scale.METHODS:We analyzed the K13-propeller sequence polymorphism in 14,037 samples collected in 59 countries in which malaria is endemic. Most of the samples (84.5%) were obtained from patients who were treated at sentinel sites used for nationwide surveillance of antimalarial resistance. We evaluated the emergence and dissemination of mutations by haplotyping neighboring loci.RESULTS:We identified 108 nonsynonymous K13 mutations, which showed marked geographic disparity in their frequency and distribution. In Asia, 36.5% of the K13 mutations were distributed within two areas--one in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos and the other in western Thailand, Myanmar, and China--with no overlap. In Africa, we observed a broad array of rare nonsynonymous mutations that were not associated with delayed parasite clearance. The gene-edited Dd2 transgenic line with the A578S mutation, which expresses the most frequently observed African allele, was found to be susceptible to artemisinin in vitro on a ring-stage survival assay.CONCLUSIONS:No evidence of artemisinin resistance was found outside Southeast Asia and China, where resistance-associated K13 mutations were confined. The common African A578S allele was not associated with clinical or in vitro resistance to artemisinin, and many African mutations appear to be neutral. (Funded by Institut Pasteur Paris and others.).

Published
2016

31. Role of Human Papillomavirus in Penile Carcinomas Worldwide

Author

Julio Velasco, Gordana Halec, Laia Alemany, Maria Alejo, Leopoldo Tinoco, Václav Mandys, Annabelle Ferrera, Ana Félix, Hai-Rim Shin, Julieta Germar, Belen Lloveras, Michael Pawlita, Luis Estuardo Lombardi, Wim Quint, Eugenia Cruz, Sara Tous, Núria Guimerà, Xavier Castellsagué, Ray Lonsdale, Luis E. Pons, Maria Tzardi, Antonio L. Cubilla, Marc T. Goodman, F. Xavier Bosch, Carla Carrilho, Robert Jach, Silvia de Sanjosé, Elena Kasamatsu, Carla Molina, Gustavo Hernández-Suárez, Vincent Wain, Omar Clavero, Emili Masferrer, Jan Laco, Rubén López-Revilla, Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero, Enrique Poblet, Nubia Muñoz, Christine Clavel, Beatriz Quirós, Ignacio G. Bravo, Jose D. Mota, Christine Bergeron, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Laboratoire CERBA [Cergy-Pontoise], Plasticité de l'épithélium respiratoire dans les conditions normales et pathologiques - UMR-S 903 (PERPMP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Laboratoire Théories du politique : pouvoir et relations sociales (Cresppa-LabToP), Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris (CRESPPA), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maputo Central Hospital, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Virostyle (MIVEGEC-Virostyle), Perturbations, Evolution, Virulence (PEV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Charles University [Prague], Laboratoire Théories du politique : pouvoir et relations sociales (LabToP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Asia, Genotype, Urology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Oceania, HPV vaccines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Penile cancer, Humans, Genotyping, Penile Neoplasms, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Human papillomavirus 16, Oncogene, Surrogate endpoint, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Carcinoma, Papillomavirus Infections, virus diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Human papillomavirus 6, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Latin America, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Africa, DNA, Viral, North America, RNA, Viral, business, Rare disease
Abstract

Background Invasive penile cancer is a rare disease with an approximately 22 000 cases per year. The incidence is higher in less developed countries, where penile cancer can account for up to 10% of cancers among men in some parts of Africa, South America, and Asia. Objective To describe the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA prevalence, HPV type distribution, and detection of markers of viral activity (ie, E6*I mRNA and p16 INK4a ) in a series of invasive penile cancers and penile high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSILs) from 25 countries. A total of 85 penile HGSILs and 1010 penile invasive cancers diagnosed from 1983 to 2011 were included. Design, setting, and participants After histopathologic evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, HPV DNA detection and genotyping were performed using the SPF-10/DEIA/LiPA 25 system, v.1 (Laboratory Biomedical Products, Rijswijk, The Netherlands). HPV DNA–positive cases were additionally tested for oncogene E6*I mRNA and all cases for p16 INK4a expression, a surrogate marker of oncogenic HPV activity. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis HPV DNA prevalence and type distributions were estimated. Results and limitations HPV DNA was detected in 33.1% of penile cancers (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.2–36.1) and in 87.1% of HGSILs (95% CI, 78.0–93.4). The warty-basaloid histologic subtype showed the highest HPV DNA prevalence. Among cancers, statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed only by geographic region and not by period or by age at diagnosis. HPV16 was the most frequent HPV type detected in both HPV-positive cancers (68.7%) and HGSILs (79.6%). HPV6 was the second most common type in invasive cancers (3.7%). The p16 INK4a upregulation and mRNA detection in addition to HPV DNA positivity were observed in 69.3% of HGSILs, and at least one of these HPV activity markers was detected in 85.3% of cases. In penile cancers, these figures were 22.0% and 27.1%, respectively. Conclusions About a third to a fourth of penile cancers were related to HPV when considering HPV DNA detection alone or adding an HPV activity marker, respectively. The observed HPV type distribution reinforces the potential benefit of current and new HPV vaccines in the reduction of HPV-related penile neoplastic lesions. Patient summary About one-third to one-quarter of penile cancers were related to human papillomavirus (HPV). The observed HPV type distribution reinforces the potential benefit of current and new HPV vaccines to prevent HPV-related penile neoplastic lesions.

Published
2016

32. Letter to the Editor Questioning the Effectiveness of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Port-au-Prince Slums

Author

Rebaudet, Stanilas, Gaudart, Jean, Aruna Abedi, Aaron, Piarroux, Renaud, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Gaudart, Jean, Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
[SDV.IMM.VAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology
Abstract

International audience; Oral cholera vaccination (OCV) has been validated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a valuable tool to complement water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) activities in cholera prevention for high-risk areas and populations. We read with great interest the recent study published by Sévère and others, which evaluated the effectiveness of a mass OCV campaign targeting approximately 70,000 inhabitants in several slums of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, between April and June 2012. The authors reported a 75% vaccine coverage and, using a cohort design, a striking 97.5% vaccine effectiveness in the 37 months postvaccination, whereas controlled clinical trials have measured OCV vaccine efficacy around 57% [95% confidence interval, 44–67%] during the first 2 years. Although it was expected that 56% of cholera cases would occur among vaccinated individuals according to the WHO screening method, the same proportion was 5% in the Sévère and others cohort. A thorough analysis of this study shows that the authors did not evaluate the isolated effectiveness of OCV. They rather estimated its combined effectiveness together with WASH-associated measures. To assess the importance of such methodological bias, we computed provided data using a bias-indicator cohort analysis, as previously described in another OCV campaign, and found that their strategy exhibited a 95% effectiveness [93–97%] against noncholeric diarrheas as well. Pondering such bias would require adjusting the results on the observance of WASH prevention methods, which may have differed between nonvaccinated and vaccinated groups.

Published
2016

33. Multimodal nutritional rehabilitation improves clinical outcomes of malnourished patients with chronic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial

Author

Hubert Roth, Isabelle Court-Fortune, Jean-Paul Janssens, Luis Carlos Molano, Boris Melloni, Thomas Similowski, H. Lejeune, Julie Augustin, Noël Cano, Fabrice Caron, Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo, Bernard Wuyam, Cécile Chérion, Claude Pichard, Catherine Tardif, Marie-Thérèse Antonini, Lahouari Meziane, Maurice Hayot, Christophe Pison, Frédéric Costes, Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Service de Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Pneumologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Hôpital de La Milétrie, Service de Pneumologie [Saint-Etienne], CHU Saint-Etienne, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Physiologiques [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Service de Réanimation et de Pneumologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de physiologie clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Muscles et pathologies, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire (GRHV), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), HP2 - Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire, CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie Domaine de la merci, Service de Pneumologie – Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de Pathologie respiratoire et allergologie [CHU Limoges], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de physiologie digestive, urinaire, respiratoire et de l'exercice [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RH), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Department of Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de physiologie digestive, urinaire, respiratoire et de l'exercice [CHU Rouen], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Grenoble, The study was investigator driven. Funds came from academic sources (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National, Direction Interre´gionale de la Recherche Clinique Rhoˆne-Alpes Auvergne), public foundations (Nutrition 2000Plus), associations (Association Nationale pour les Traitements a` Domicile, les Innovations et la Recherche-ANTADIR, AGIRa`Dom) and pharmaceutical sources (Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, The Netherlands, France, Organon-Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ, USA)., Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie thoracique [CHU Saint-Etienne], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-CHU Grenoble-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hamant, Sarah, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-CHU Grenoble-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Male, MESH: Combined Modality Therapy, PROGNOSIS, MESH: Exercise Tolerance, Malnutrition/etiology/physiopathology/rehabilitation, medicine.medical_treatment, Respiratory Insufficiency/complications/physiopathology/rehabilitation, Home Care Services, Hospital-Based, MESH: Dietary Supplements, EMPHYSEMA, SUPPLEMENTATION, law.invention, MESH: Health Education, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, TESTOSTERONE, Oxygen therapy, Clinical endpoint, Mass index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Health Education, Health Education/methods, MESH: Treatment Outcome, ddc:616, MESH: Aged, 2. Zero hunger, COPD, Exercise Tolerance, MESH: Middle Aged, Rehabilitation, Middle Aged, MESH: Nutritional Status, Combined Modality Therapy, Exercise Therapy, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, FAT MASS, Body Composition, Female, Respiratory Insufficiency, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, MESH: Malnutrition, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Testosterone, Nutritional Status, EXERCISE, Testosterone/therapeutic use, OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE, MESH: Home Care Services, Hospital-Based, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Exercise Tolerance/physiology, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Exercise Therapy, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Chronic Disease, Malnutrition, MESH: Quality of Life, MESH: Body Composition, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, BODY-MASS INDEX, 030228 respiratory system, Respiratory failure, Chronic Disease, Dietary Supplements, Quality of Life, TERM OXYGEN-THERAPY, Physical therapy, business, MESH: Female, Body mass index, MESH: Respiratory Insufficiency
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: In chronic respiratory failure (CRF), body composition strongly predicts survival. METHODS: A prospective randomised controlled trial was undertaken in malnourished patients with CRF to evaluate the effects of 3 months of home rehabilitation on body functioning and composition. 122 patients with CRF on long-term oxygen therapy and/or non-invasive ventilation (mean (SD) age 66 (10) years, 91 men) were included from eight respiratory units; 62 were assigned to home health education (controls) and 60 to multimodal nutritional rehabilitation combining health education, oral nutritional supplements, exercise and oral testosterone for 90 days. The primary endpoint was exercise tolerance assessed by the 6-min walking test (6MWT). Secondary endpoints were body composition, quality of life after 3 months and 15-month survival. RESULTS: Mean (SD) baseline arterial oxygen tension was 7.7 (1.2) kPa, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 31 (13)% predicted, body mass index (BMI) 21.5 (3.9) kg/m2 and fat-free mass index (FFMI) 15.5 (2.4) kg/m2. The intervention had no significant effect on 6MWT. Improvements (treatment effect) were seen in BMI (+0.56 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.95, p=0.004), FFMI (+0.60 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.05, p=0.01), haemoglobin (+9.1 g/l, 95% CI 2.5 to 15.7, p=0.008), peak workload (+7.2 W, 95% CI 3.7 to 10.6, p

Published
2011

34. Prediction, Assessment of the Rift Valley Fever Activity in East and Southern Africa 2006–2008 and Possible Vector Control Strategies

Author

Patrick Nguku, Allen W. Hightower, Robert Swanepoel, Seth C. Britch, Jennifer Small, David Schnabel, Mohamed A. Mohamed, Mark D. Latham, Robert F. Breiman, Stephane de La Rocque, Salih Osman Magdi, Jean-Paul Chretien, Pierre Formenty, Jean-Marc Reynes, Edwin W. Pak, Henry B. Lewandowski, Compton J. Tucker, Kenneth J. Linthicum, Assaf Anyamba, Rosemary Sang, Karl A. Haagsma, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, EMPRES/Animal Production and Health Division (AGAH), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Global Alert and Response Department (HSE/GAR), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Kenya Medical Research Unit (KEMRI-CDC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, United States Army Medical Research Directorate [Kenya] (USAMRD-K), 757th Airlift Squadron, Youngstown Air Reserve Station, Manatee County Mosquito Control, Chatham County Mosquito Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Kenya Medical Research Unit, and National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD)

Subjects
Rift Valley Fever, Climate, Rain, MESH: Satellite Communications, MESH: Risk Assessment, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, MESH: Rift Valley Fever, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Rift Valley fever, 0303 health sciences, Temperature, Articles, MESH: Aedes, Vegetation, Africa, Eastern, Satellite Communications, MESH: Climate, MESH: Temperature, Culex, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Habitat, Animals, Domestic, Livestock, MESH: Forecasting, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Culex, MESH: Insect Vectors, Risk Assessment, Africa, Southern, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Domestic, Epizootic, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Africa, Eastern, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Outbreak, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, El Niño, 13. Climate action, Vector (epidemiology), MESH: Rain, Parasitology, MESH: Africa, Southern, Physical geography, business, Forecasting
Abstract

International audience; Historical outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) since the early 1950s have been associated with cyclical patterns of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which results in elevated and widespread rainfall over the RVF endemic areas of Africa. Using satellite measurements of global and regional elevated sea surface temperatures, elevated rainfall, and satellite derived-normalized difference vegetation index data, we predicted with lead times of 2-4 months areas where outbreaks of RVF in humans and animals were expected and occurred in the Horn of Africa, Sudan, and Southern Africa at different time periods from September 2006 to March 2008. Predictions were confirmed by entomological field investigations of virus activity and by reported cases of RVF in human and livestock populations. This represents the first series of prospective predictions of RVF outbreaks and provides a baseline for improved early warning, control, response planning, and mitigation into the future.

Published
2010

35. Serological Investigations of Flavivirus Prevalence in Khammouane Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2007–2008

Author

Thongchanh Sisouk, Nguyen Thi Thu Yen, C. Winter, Juliet E. Bryant, Paul T. Brey, Phengta Vongphrachanh, Richard Paul, Alexandra Hiscox, Samlane Phompida, Pany Sananikhom, Virasack Somoulay, Surinder Kaul, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Center for Malaria, Parasitology, and Entomology, Nam Theun 2 Power Company, Institut National d'Hygiène et d'Épidémiologie de Hanoi (NIHE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Financial support: Contributions of J. E. Bryant were supported by Agence française de développement (AFD), SISEA/Pasteur Project. This project was supported by the Fondation EDF Diversiterre., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Culex vishnui, Male, Veterinary medicine, viruses, MESH: Dengue, Antibodies, Viral, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Child, MESH: Flavivirus, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Encephalitis, Japanese, Child, MESH: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, virus diseases, Articles, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Flavivirus, MESH: Cattle, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Laos, Child, Preschool, Female, Adult, Aedes albopictus, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Short Report, MESH: Insect Vectors, 03 medical and health sciences, Flaviviridae, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Virology, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, education, Encephalitis, Japanese, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, MESH: Adult, Japanese encephalitis, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Insect Vectors, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Culicidae, MESH: Laos, Parasitology, Cattle, business, MESH: Culicidae, MESH: Female, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

International audience; A large-scale cross-sectional seroprevalence study of dengue (DEN) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) was conducted in Khammouane province, Lao PDR, as part of the initial baseline health impact assessment of the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric dam construction project. Health surveys were performed between May 2007 and February 2008 with serum samples collected from healthy individuals involved in the resettlement program of 16 villages (total surveyed population 4,369). Hemagglutination inhibition assay using flavivirus antigens (DENV1, DENV3, and JEV) performed on 1,708 plasma specimens revealed 30.4% (519) cross-reactive positives, and 10% (172) and 1.3% (22) positives to JEV or DENV, respectively. Entomological surveys conducted during the rainy season of 2008 indicated the presence of competent flavivirus vectors (Culex vishnui group and Aedes albopictus), although Aedes aegypti was not found. Continued surveillance and investigation is warranted to assess the clinical disease burden of flaviviruses in this area that is undergoing rapid ecological and demographic change.

Published
2010

36. Early mortality among adults accessing antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Landon Myer, Anthony D. Harries, Stephen D. Lawn, Xavier Anglaret, Robin Wood, The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Clinical research unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), HIV unit, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Family Health International, Malawi country office, Programme PAC-CI, ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of epidemiology, Columbia University [New York]-Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], and Mouillet, Evelyne

Subjects
antiretroviral treatment, medicine.medical_specialty, HAART, Tuberculosis, Immunology, Population, HIV Infections, Disease, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Risk Factors, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cause of Death, death, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Intensive care medicine, Africa South of the Sahara, Cause of death, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Public health, Mortality rate, HIV, medicine.disease, mortality, 3. Good health, AIDS, Early Diagnosis, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Africa, Life expectancy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Delivery of Health Care, ART
Abstract

International audience; Two-thirds of the world's HIV-infected people live in sub-Saharan Africa, and more than 1.5 million of them die annually. As access to antiretroviral treatment has expanded within the region; early pessimism concerning the delivery of antiretroviral treatment using a large-scale public health approach has, at least in the short term, proved to be broadly unfounded. Immunological and virological responses to ART are similar to responses in patients treated in high-income countries. Despite this, however, early mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa are very high; between 8 and 26% of patients die in the first year of antiretroviral treatment, with most deaths occurring in the first few months. Patients typically access antiretroviral treatment with advanced symptomatic disease, and mortality is strongly associated with baseline CD4 cell count less than 50 cells/mul and WHO stage 4 disease (AIDS). Although data are limited, leading causes of death appear to be tuberculosis, acute sepsis, cryptococcal meningitis, malignancy and wasting syndrome. Mortality rates are likely to depend not only on the care delivered by antiretroviral treatment programmes, but more fundamentally on how advanced disease is at programme enrolment and the quality of preceding healthcare. In addition to improving delivery of antiretroviral treatment and providing it free of charge to the patient, strategies to reduce mortality must include earlier diagnosis of HIV infection, strengthening of longitudinal HIV care and timely initiation of antiretroviral treatment. Health systems delays in antiretroviral treatment initiation must be minimized, especially in patients who present with advanced immunodeficiency.

Published
2008

37. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing tuberculous lymphadenitis in Maputo, Mozambique

Author

Solomon Ghebremichael, Sofia Viegas, Ramona Groenheit, Nalin Rastogi, Matos Alberto, Eliane Monteiro, Carla Carrilho, Gunilla Källenius, Fabiola Fernandes, Adelina Machado, Leguesse Massawo, Tuija Koivula, José Maiane Matavele, David Couvin, Margarida Correia-Neves, National Institute of Health Mozambique, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Public Health Agency of Sweden, Maputo Central Hospital, Eduardo Mondlane University, Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries - WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Minho [Braga], This study was funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency / Department for Research Cooperation (Sida/SAREC) through Eduardo Mondlane University and Karolinska Institutet Research and Training (KIRT) collaboration., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), Tuberculosis, Ciências da Saúde [Ciências Médicas], Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Adolescent, Genotype, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node, Microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MIRU-VNTR, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Mozambique, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Spoligotyping, 0303 health sciences, Mycobacterium bovis, Science & Technology, biology, 030306 microbiology, Transmission (medicine), Zoonosis, Genetic Variation, Middle Aged, tuberculous lymphadenitis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Tuberculous lymphadenitis, 3. Good health, Molecular Typing, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Maputo, Female, Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Research Article
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The zoonosis bovine tuberculosis (TB) is known to be responsible for a considerable proportion of extrapulmonary TB. In Mozambique, bovine TB is a recognised problem in cattle, but little has been done to evaluate how Mycobacterium bovis has contributed to human TB. We here explore the public health risk for bovine TB in Maputo, by characterizing the isolates from tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) cases, a common manifestation of bovine TB in humans, in the Pathology Service of Maputo Central Hospital, in Mozambique, during one year. RESULTS: Among 110 patients suspected of having TBLN, 49 had a positive culture result. Of those, 48 (98 %) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and one for nontuberculous mycobacteria. Of the 45 isolates analysed by spoligotyping and Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit - Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR), all were M. tuberculosis. No M. bovis was found. Cervical TBLN, corresponding to 39 (86.7 %) cases, was the main cause of TBLN and 66.7 % of those where from HIV positive patients. We found that TBLN in Maputo was caused by a variety of M. tuberculosis strains. The most prevalent lineage was the EAI (n?=?19; 43.2 %). Particular common spoligotypes were SIT 48 (EAI1_SOM sublineage), SIT 42 (LAM 9), SIT 1 (Beijing) and SIT53 (T1), similar to findings among pulmonary cases. CONCLUSIONS: M. tuberculosis was the main etiological agent of TBLN in Maputo. M. tuberculosis genotypes were similar to the ones causing pulmonary TB, suggesting that in Maputo, cases of TBLN arise from the same source as pulmonary TB, rather than from an external zoonotic source. Further research is needed on other forms of extrapulmonary TB and in rural areas where there is high prevalence of bovine TB in cattle, to evaluate the risk of transmission of M. bovis from cattle to humans., Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency / Department for Research Cooperation (Sida/SAREC) through Eduardo Mondlane University and Karolinska Institutet Research and Training (KIRT) collaboration

Published
2015

38. The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailand– Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

François Nosten, Thuy Nguyen, Benoit Malleret, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Tran Tinh Hien, Benchawan Vihokhern, Le Thanh Dong, Chea Nguon, Yoel Lubell, Lorenz von Seidlein, Cholrawee Promnarate, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Khin Maung Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Mehul Dhorda, Laurent Rénia, Nicholas P. J. Day, Thomas J. Peto, Georges Snounou, Jem Chalk, Mallika Imwong, Lilly Keereecharoen, Rupam Tripura, Dao Van Hue, Klanarong Wongsaen, Pratap Singhasivanon, Nicholas J. White, Sue J. Lee, Arjen M. Dondorp, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok], Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] (AFRIMS), National Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology [Hanoi] (NIMPE), WWARN Asia Regional Centre [Bangkok, Thailand], Mahidol University [Bangkok], Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute (BMSI), Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore (NUS), National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City], Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford [Oxford], Shoklo Malaria Research Unit ( Group Head / PI ), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Ministry of Health, WWARN Asia Regional Centre, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses ( CIMI ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, National University of Singapore ( NUS ), National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], and Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]

Subjects
Male, Cross-sectional study, Epidemiology, Plasmodium vivax, Prevalence, Myanmar, P falciparum, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, P. vivax, Child, Asymptomatic Infections, Asia, Southeastern, Subclinical infection, biology, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Thailand, 3. Good health, Sub-microscopic, South-East Asia, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Vietnam, Child, Preschool, Greater Mekong Sub-region, Female, medicine.symptom, Cambodia, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Plasmodium falciparum, P. falciparum, Asymptomatic, Sub‑microscopic, Young Adult, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Greater Mekong Sub‑region, Research, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Malaria, South‑East Asia, P vivax, Cross-Sectional Studies, Tropical medicine, Immunology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Background The importance of the submicroscopic reservoir of Plasmodium infections for malaria elimination depends on its size, which is generally considered small in low transmission settings. The precise estimation of this reservoir requires more sensitive parasite detection methods. The prevalence of asymptomatic, sub-microscopic malaria was assessed by a sensitive, high blood volume quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method in three countries of the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in three villages in western Cambodia, four villages along the Thailand–Myanmar border and four villages in southwest Vietnam. Malaria parasitaemia was assessed by Plasmodium falciparum/pan malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and a high volume ultra-sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (HVUSqPCR: limit of detection 22 parasites/mL). All villagers older than 6 months were invited to participate. Results A census before the surveys identified 7355 residents in the study villages. Parasite prevalence was 224/5008 (4 %) by RDT, 229/5111 (5 %) by microscopy, and 988/4975 (20 %) when assessed by HVUSqPCR. Of these 164 (3 %) were infected with P. falciparum, 357 (7 %) with Plasmodium vivax, 56 (1 %) with a mixed infection, and 411 (8 %) had parasite densities that were too low for species identification. A history of fever, male sex, and age of 15 years or older were independently associated with parasitaemia in a multivariate regression model stratified by site. Conclusion Light microscopy and RDTs identified only a quarter of all parasitaemic participants. The asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir is considerable, even in low transmission settings. Novel strategies are needed to eliminate this previously under recognized reservoir of malaria transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0906-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015

39. Relationship between Distinct African Cholera Epidemics Revealed via MLVA Haplotyping of 337 Vibrio cholerae Isolates

Author

Lamine Koivogui, Eric Garnotel, Berthe Miwanda, Renaud Piarroux, Jean-Jacques Depina, Hélène Thefenne, Stanislas Rebaudet, Adodo Yao Sadji, Aaron Aruna Abedi, Sakoba Keita, Nicholas R. Thomson, Hilde De Boeck, Didier Bompangue, Bawimodom Bidjada, Raymond Ruimy, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Fakhri Jeddi, Pierre-Denis Plisnier, Sandra Moore, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Departement de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale [Kinshasa] (INRB), Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institut National de Santé Publique, Institut national de la santé publique (INSP), Division Prévention et Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Clinical Research Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques ( IP-TPT ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) -Service de Santé des Armées-Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ), Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale-Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University Hospital of Kinshasa, Royal Museum for Central Africa, CHU Nice, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, HAL AMU, Administrateur, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
TRANSMISSION, RC955-962, Zoology, Minisatellite Repeats, Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Disease cluster, History, 21st Century, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Evolution, Molecular, Cholera, Gene Frequency, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS, parasitic diseases, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Typing, Epidemics, Vibrio cholerae, Africa South of the Sahara, Phylogeny, DNA Primers, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS, Transmission (medicine), STRAINS, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, History, 20th Century, medicine.disease, MULTILOCUS VARIABLE-NUMBER, 3. Good health, Variable number tandem repeat, Phylogeography, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, OUTBREAKS, Research Article
Abstract

Background Since cholera appeared in Africa during the 1970s, cases have been reported on the continent every year. In Sub-Saharan Africa, cholera outbreaks primarily cluster at certain hotspots including the African Great Lakes Region and West Africa. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we applied MLVA (Multi-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis) typing of 337 Vibrio cholerae isolates from recent cholera epidemics in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Zambia, Guinea and Togo. We aimed to assess the relationship between outbreaks. Applying this method, we identified 89 unique MLVA haplotypes across our isolate collection. MLVA typing revealed the short-term divergence and microevolution of these Vibrio cholerae populations to provide insight into the dynamics of cholera outbreaks in each country. Our analyses also revealed strong geographical clustering. Isolates from the African Great Lakes Region (DRC and Zambia) formed a closely related group, while West African isolates (Togo and Guinea) constituted a separate cluster. At a country-level scale our analyses revealed several distinct MLVA groups, most notably DRC 2011/2012, DRC 2009, Zambia 2012 and Guinea 2012. We also found that certain MLVA types collected in the DRC persisted in the country for several years, occasionally giving rise to expansive epidemics. Finally, we found that the six environmental isolates in our panel were unrelated to the epidemic isolates. Conclusions/Significance To effectively combat the disease, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of cholera emergence and diffusion in a region-specific manner. Overall, these findings demonstrate the relationship between distinct epidemics in West Africa and the African Great Lakes Region. This study also highlights the importance of monitoring and analyzing Vibrio cholerae isolates., Author Summary Cholera is caused by the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Since cholera was imported into the West African country of Guinea in 1970, cases have been reported on the continent every year. In Sub-Saharan Africa, cholera occurs in a heterogeneous manner; outbreaks primarily cluster at certain hotspots including the African Great Lakes Region and West Africa. To gain further insight into the mechanisms by which cholera outbreaks emerge and diffuse, we performed genetic analyses of 337 Vibrio cholera isolates from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Zambia, Guinea and Togo. Isolates from both patients and environmental samples were examined. Our findings demonstrate the relationship between distinct epidemics in West Africa and the African Great Lakes Region. For example, certain strains in the DRC have circulated in the region over a period of several years, occasionally giving rise to expansive epidemics. We also found that the six environmental isolates in our panel were unrelated to the epidemic isolates. Such insight into the country- and region-specific dynamics of the disease is critical to implement optimized public health strategies to control and prevent cholera epidemics. This study also highlights the importance of analyzing Vibrio cholerae isolates to complement epidemiological studies.

Published
2015

40. Nonspecific Immunoglobulin Replacement in Lung Transplantation Recipients With Hypogammaglobulinemia

Author

Claustre, Johanna, Quetant, Sébastien, Camara, Boubou, France, Marion, Schummer, Gabriel, Bedouch, Pierrick, Pavese, Patricia, Raymond, Christel Saint, Bardy, Béatrice, Masson, Dominique, Roth, Hubert, Pison, Christophe, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Clinique de pneumologie, CHU Grenoble, Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé (TIMC-IMAG-ThEMAS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: After lung transplantation (LT), immunoglobulin (Ig) G plasma concentrations

Published
2015

41. Characteristics and outcomes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a retrospective analysis of a tertiary hospital registry

Author

Camara, Boubou, Reymond, Emilie, Saint-Raymond, Christel, Roth, Hubert, Brenier-Pinchart, Marie-Pierre, Pinel, Claudine, Cadranel, Jacques, Ferretti, Gilbert, Pelloux, Hervé, Pison, Christophe, Clinique de pneumologie, CHU Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), IRCELYON-C'Durable (CDURABLE), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Service de Pneumologie - Oncologie Thoracique - Maladies Pulmonaires Rares [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service central de radiologie et d'imagerie médicale, and CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon

Subjects
BMI, Aspergillus, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COPD, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to investigate characteristics risk factors and outcomes of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).METHODS: The Aspergillosis Committee prospectively collected Aspergillus notifications from January 2000 to December 2011. A retrospective analysis of data was performed.

Published
2015

42. PADS 2-06 - Paludisme et orpaillage en Guyane : une situation alarmante mais hétérogène

Author

L. Mutricy, F. Djossou, Helene Hiwat, Florine Corlin, Denis Blanchet, Lise Musset, Mathieu Nacher, Maylis Douine, Stéphane Pelleau, M. Demar, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Malaria Program, Paramaribo, Suriname, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

National audience; Introduction Le paludisme est en nette diminution en Guyane actuellement. Des foyers de transmission persistent en population autochtone, mais cette pathologie touche aujourd’hui majoritairement les orpailleurs clandestins travaillant en Guyane. Cette étude avait pour objectifs d’évaluer le portage de Plasmodium par bassin d’orpaillage et les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques(CAP) des orpailleurs clandestins vis-à-vis du paludisme.

Published
2016

43. Spatiotemporal Circulation of Influenza Viruses in 5 African Countries During 2008–2009: A Collaborative Study of the Institut Pasteur International Network

Author

Arnaud Orelle, Elsie Laban Yekwa, Mbayame Niang Ndiaye, Ousmane M. Diop, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Euloge Ekaza, Lagare Adamou, Richard Njouom, Jean-Michel Heraud, Valérie Caro, Kathleen Victoir, Sylvie van der Werf, Leon Biscornet, Jean-Marc Collard, Vincent Enouf, Dominique Rousset, Herve A. Kadjo, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Génotypage des Pathogènes et Santé Publique (Plate-forme) (PF8), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Division International, Virology Unit, Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (Niamey, Niger) (CERMES), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Seychelles Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), This work and the SURGIRA (SURveillance de la Grippe et des Infections Respiratoires en Afrique) project was supported by the Ministère français de la Santé/EPRUS, de la Jeunesse et des Sports, through the Fonds de Solidarité Vieillesse (Project 'Surveillance et étude des souches grippales circulantes') and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services (grant No. 6 IDSEP060001-01-01). The surveillance systems were supported in Madagascar by WHO headquarters (APW/reference OD/AP-08-02451) and Sanofi-Pasteur, in Camroon by Sanofi-Pasteur and in Senegal by WHO headquarters (APW/reference OD/AP-08-02637), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
MESH: Topography, Medical, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], International Cooperation, MESH: Africa, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Madagascar, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, Influenza A virus, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, MESH: Genetic Variation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Antigens, Viral, MESH: Orthomyxoviridae, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Influenza, Human, Influenzavirus B, virus diseases, National Influenza Centers, Orthomyxoviridae, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, MESH: RNA, Viral, MESH: Sentinel Surveillance, RNA, Viral, Topography, Medical, MESH: Antigens, Viral, Virus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Influenza, Human, Madagascar, Humans, Disease burden, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: International Cooperation, Africa, business, Sentinel Surveillance
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Although recent work has described the spatiotemporal diffusion of influenza viruses worldwide, comprehensive data on spatiotemporal patterns of influenza from the African continent and Madagascar are still lacking. METHODS: National Influenza Centers from 5 countries-Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Niger, and Senegal--collected specimens from patients presenting with influenza-like illness who visited sentinel surveillance clinics during a 2-year period (2008-2009). Isolates were genetically and antigenically characterized. RESULTS: Overall, 8312 specimens were tested. Seasonal influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 and influenza B viruses were detected in 329, 689, and 148 specimens, respectively. In 2009, pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 was detected in Madagascar most commonly (98.5% of cases). Influenza activity was either significant year-round or occurred during a specific period of the year in the African countries we evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that, from Madagascar to Senegal, the epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of influenza viruses are diverse in terms of spatiotemporal circulation of the different virus types, subtypes, and strains. Our data highlight the importance of country-specific surveillance and of data and virus sharing, and they provide a rational basis to aid policy makers to develop strategies, such as vaccination at the right moment and with the right formulation, aimed at reducing the disease burden in Africa and Madagascar.

Published
2012

44. Seven-year surveillance of nosocomial invasive aspergillosis in a French University Hospital

Author

Rebecca Hamidfar, Hervé Pelloux, Jean-Louis Quesada, Danièle Maubon, Virginie Hincky, Dominique Plantaz, Claudine Pinel, Muriel Cornet, Marie-Reine Mallaret, C. Saint-Raymond, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Anne Thiebaut-Bertrand, Cécile Garnaud, Annick Bosseray, B. Lebeau, Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale (TIMC-IMAG-TheREx), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Unité de Réanimation médicale, CHU Grenoble, CIC - Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinique de médecine interne, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Hospital Hygiene Unit, Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), and Service Hématologie Infantile

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Aspergillosis, Statistics, Nonparametric, Hospitals, University, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Public health surveillance, Risk Factors, Air treatment, Epidemiology, medicine, Overall survival, Humans, In patient, Public Health Surveillance, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Intensive care medicine, Prospective cohort study, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, 0303 health sciences, Cross Infection, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, University hospital, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Female, France, business
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVES: This study aims at describing the evolution of the epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in a French University Hospital focussing on nosocomial cases, in order to assess the efficiency of the environmental preventive measures which were implemented. METHODS: From 2003 to 2009, IA cases were reviewed monthly and classified according to the EORTC/MSG criteria and the origin of contamination. RESULTS: Five proven and 65 probable IA cases were diagnosed. Most of the cases (74.3%) occurred in patients with haematological malignancies. Incidences of IA and nosocomial IA (NIA) were 0.106 and 0.032 cases per 1000 admissions, respectively. All the 21 NIA cases occurred in the absence of air treatment (laminar air flow facilities or Plasmair decontamination units) and/or during construction works. The 3-month and 1-year overall survival rates were 50.6% [38.2-61.7] and 31.1% [20-42.9] respectively, and did not differ according to the origin of contamination. CONCLUSION: Nosocomial IA still accounted for a third of all IA cases diagnosed from 2003 to 2009 and mainly occurred in the absence of environmental protective measures, which were confirmed to be effective when applied. Our results show that extension and/or reinforcement of these measures is needed, especially in the haematology unit and during construction works.

Published
2012

45. Distribution of Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) in southwestern Pacific countries, with a first report from the Kingdom of Tonga

Author

Laurent Guillaumot, Francis Schaffner, Reynold Ofanoa, Narendra Singh, Lucien Swillen, Hervé Bossin, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur - Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Ministry of Health, Retired WHO Technical Officer, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Institut Louis Malardé, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), the Government of New Caledonia, the Government of French Polynesia, the Environment Agency of Wallis and Futuna, the Ministry of Health of Cook Islands, the Ministry of Health of Tonga, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, and the French Development Agency., Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Zurich, and Guillaumot, L

Subjects
Male, 10078 Institute of Parasitology, Entomology, Aedes albopictus, 030231 tropical medicine, Short Report, 2405 Parasitology, Distribution (economics), 610 Medicine & health, Distribution, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 600 Technology, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, 030304 developmental biology, Introduction, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Ecology, Tonga, fungi, Pacific islands, virus diseases, New guinea, 2725 Infectious Diseases, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Phylogeography, Infectious Diseases, American samoa, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 570 Life sciences, biology, Female, Parasitology, Vector, business
Abstract

Background Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is currently one of the most notorious globally invasive mosquito species. Its medical importance is well documented, and its fast expansion throughout most continents is being monitored with concern. It is generally assumed that its expansion through the Western Pacific island countries has not progressed since its establishment in Fiji in 1989. However, the current status of Ae. albopictus in the Pacific region is largely unknown. Findings According to data from the literature and our own observations, Ae. albopictus is currently present in the following countries of the southern Pacific region: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, and the Kingdom of Tonga, where it was first detected in July 2011. It is absent from New Caledonia and French Polynesia where routine entomological surveillance is carried out, and was not detected during entomological work in 2007, either on the Cook Islands or on the Wallis and Futuna Islands. The species was not reported from American Samoa in 2004, but it is mentioned as probably present in Vanuatu. This is the first report of Ae. albopictus in Tonga. Conclusions The introduction and establishment of Ae. albopictus in Tonga was expected due to the geographical proximity of this country to Fiji where the species is strongly established. The pathway of introduction is unknown. The expansion of Ae. albopictus in the Pacific region poses an increasing threat to public health given the role this mosquito plays as primary vector of emerging infectious diseases such as Chikungunya fever.

Published
2012

46. A rapid screening tool for psychological distress in children 3--6years old: results of a validation study

Author

Caroline Marquer, Mahamane L. Manzo, Rebecca F. Grais, Yoram Mouchenik, Douma M. Djibo, Marie Rose Moro, Bruno Falissard, Sarah Hustache, Caroline Barry, Anne Revah-Levy, Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent (UMR_S 669), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Cliniques Pathologique et Interculturelle (LCPI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Guidance infantile, Centre Hospitalier Saint-Anne (GHU Paris), Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse (PCPP - EA 4056), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), National program of mental health, Ministry of Public Health, Regional Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], This study was funded by Medecins sans Frontieres., BMC, Ed., Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent ( UMR_S 669 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Laboratoire Cliniques Pathologique et Interculturelle ( LCPI ), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ), Centre Hospitalier Saint-Anne, Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse ( PCPP - EA 4056 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Ministry of Health, and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychometrics, lcsh:RC435-571, [ SDV.MHEP.PSM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Concurrent validity, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Psychiatry, medicine, Humans, Translations, 030212 general & internal medicine, Niger, Psychiatry, Child, Psychiatric assessment, Gold standard, Reproducibility of Results, Mental health, Cross-cultural studies, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Clinical Global Impression, Female, Psychology, Stress, Psychological, Clinical psychology, Qualitative research, Research Article
Abstract

Background The mental health needs of young children in humanitarian contexts often remain unaddressed. The lack of a validated, rapid and simple tool for screening combined with few mental health professionals able to accurately diagnose and provide appropriate care mean that young children remain without care. Here, we present the results of the principle cross-cultural validation of the “Psychological Screening for Young Children aged 3 to 6” (PSYCAa3-6). The PSYCa 3–6 is a simple scale for children 3 to 6 years old administered by non-specialists, to screen young children in crises and thereby refer them to care if needed. Methods This study was conducted in Maradi, Niger. The scale was translated into Hausa, using corroboration of independent translations. A cross-cultural validation was implemented using quantitative and qualitative methods. A random sample of 580 mothers or caregivers of children 3 to 6 years old were included. The tool was psychometrically examined and diagnostic properties were assessed comparing the PSYCa 3–6 against a clinical interview as the gold standard. Results The PSYCa 3–6 Hausa version demonstrated good concurrent validity, as scores correlated with the gold standard and the Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S) [rho = 0.41, p-value = 0.00]. A reduction procedure was used to reduce the scale from 40 to 22 items. The test-retest reliability of the PSYCa 3–6 was found to be high (ICC 0.81, CI95% [0.68; 0.89]). In our sample, although not the purpose of this study, approximately 54 of 580 children required subsequent follow-up with a psychologist. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first validation of a screening scale for children 3 to 6 years old with a cross-cultural validation component, for use in humanitarian contexts. The Hausa version of the PSYCa 3–6 is a reliable and a valuable screening tool for psychological distress. Further studies to replicate our findings and additional validations of the PSYCa 3–6 in other populations may help improve the delivery of mental health care to children.

Published
2012

47. Severe Chronic Allergic (and related) Diseases: a uniform approach- a MeDALL- GA(2)LEN-ARIA Position Paper

Author

WHO Collaborating Center for Asthma, Rhinitis, Bousquet, J, Anto, Jm, Demoly, P, Schünemann, Hj, Togias, A, Akdis, M, Auffray, C, Bachert, C, Bieber, T, Bousquet, Pj, Carlsen, Kh, Casale, Tb, Cruz, Aa, Keil, T, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Maurer, M, Ohta, K, Papadopoulos, Ng, Roman Rodriguez, M, Samolinski, B, Agache, I, Andrianarisoa, A, Ang, Cs, Annesi Maesano, I, Ballester, F, Baena Cagnani CE, Basagaña, X, Bateman, Ed, Bel, Eh, Bedbrook, A, Beghe', Bianca, Beji, M, Ben Kheder, A, Benet, M, Bennoor, Ks, Bergmann, Kc, Berrissoul, F, Bindslev Jensen, C, Bleecker, Er, Bonini, S, Boner, Al, Boulet, Lp, Brightling, Ce, Brozek, Jl, Bush, A, Busse, Ww, Camargos, Pa, Canonica, Gw, Carr, W, Cesario, A, Chen, Yz, Chiriac, Am, Costa, Dj, Cox, L, Custovic, A, Dahl, R, Darsow, U, Didi, T, Dolen, Wk, Douagui, H, Dubakiene, R, El Meziane, A, Fonseca, Ja, Fokkens, Wj, Fthenou, E, Gamkrelidze, A, Garcia Aymerich, J, Gerth van Wijk, R, Gimeno Santos, E, Guerra, S, Haahtela, T, Haddad, H, Hellings, Pw, Hellquist Dahl, B, Hohmann, C, Howarth, P, Hourihane, Jo, Humbert, M, Jacquemin, B, Just, J, Kalayci, O, Kaliner, Ma, Kauffmann, F, Kerkhof, M, Khayat, G, Koffi N'Goran, B, Kogevinas, M, Koppelman, Gh, Kowalski, Ml, Kull, I, Kuna, P, Larenas, D, Lavi, I, Le, Lt, Lieberman, P, Lipworth, B, Mahboub, B, Makela, Mj, Martin, F, Martinez, Fd, Marshall, Gd, Mazon, A, Melen, E, Meltzer, Eo, Mihaltan, F, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, A, Momas, I, Morais Almeida, M, Mullol, J, Muraro, A, Naclerio, R, Nafti, S, Namazova Baranova, L, Nawijn, Mc, Nyembue, Td, Oddie, S, O'Hehir, Re, Okamoto, Y, Orru, Mp, Ozdemir, C, Ouedraogo, Gs, Palkonen, S, Panzner, P, Passalacqua, G, Pawankar, R, Pigearias, B, Pin, I, Pinart, M, Pison, C, Popov, Ta, Porta, D, Postma, Ds, Price, D, Rabe, Kf, Ratomaharo, J, Reitamo, S, Rezagui, D, Ring, J, Roberts, R, Roca, J, Rogala, B, Romano, A, Rosado Pinto, J, Ryan, D, Sanchez Borges, M, Scadding, Gk, Sheikh, A, Simons, Fe, Siroux, V, Schmid Grendelmeier PD, Smit, Ha, Sooronbaev, T, Stein, Rt, Sterk, Pj, Sunyer, J, Terreehorst, I, Toskala, E, Tremblay, Y, Valenta, R, Valeyre, D, Vandenplas, O, van Weel, C, Vassilaki, M, Varraso, R, Viegi, G, Wang, Dy, Wickman, M, Williams, D, Wöhrl, S, Wright, J, Yorgancioglu, A, Yusuf, Om, Zar, Hj, Zernotti, Me, Zidarn, M, Zhong, N, Zuberbier, T., Beghe', B., Fthenou, E., Boudier, Anne, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), WHO Collaborating Center for Asthma and Rhinitis, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Pharmacoepidemiologie et évaluation de l'impact des produits de santé sur les populations, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Génomique fonctionnelle et biologie systémique pour la santé, Institut des Sciences Biologiques du CNRS, Upper Airway Research Laboratory (URL), Ghent University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Department of Paediatrics, University of Oslo (UiO)-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University, ProAR - FMB, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Instittute of Social Health-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Dermatology, Medical School-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Son Pisa Primary Care Centre, IB-Salut Balearic Health Service, Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland-Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine-Transylvania University, Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), University of Valencia, Respiratory Medicine, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe)-School of Specialization, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Department of Pulmonology, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Academic Medical Centre, Divisions of Human Genetics Infection, Inflammation and Repair, University of Southampton-School of Medicine, Service de Pneumologie Allergologie, Hôpital La Rabta [Tunis], Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Abderrahmen Mami, National Asthma Centre, National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Pneumologie / Anesthésie - réanimation / Oxygénothérapie, Hôpital AKS Phnom Penh-Hôpital Provincial de Siemreap, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest University, Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre Hospitalier de Laval (CH Laval), Department of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Surgery, University of Leicester-Institute for Lung Health, Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG)-Medical School, Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe)-Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Allergy & Asthma Associates, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Deputy Scientific Director, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), National Cooperative Group of Pediatric Research on Asthma, Asthma Clinic and Education Center of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Service des Premiers Soins, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Osteopathic College of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Respiratory Research Group, University of Manchester [Manchester]-School of Translational Medicine, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Service de pneumologie, Centre hospitalier de la région d'Annecy, Service de pneumo-allergologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Béni-Messous, Allergy Centre, Vilnius University Antakalnis Hospital, Société Marocaine des Maladies Respiratoires, Centre of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy-Centre commercial Nadia, Allergy Division, Hospital S. João-Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS)-Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department-Porto University Medical School, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-Faculty of Medicine, Health Care, Minister Of Labour-Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs, Section of Allergology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, University of Arizona-Associate Research Scientist, Respiratory Sciences-Arizona Respiratory Center, Helsinki University Hospital-Skin and Allergy Hospital, Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre [Tarbes]-Association Franco-Libanaise de Pneumologie (AFLP), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork (UCC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital-Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Institute for Asthma and Allergy, George Washington University Medical School, Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG)-Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ)-Faculté de Médecine-Hôtel-Dieu de France, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU de Cocody-UFR des Sciences Médicales, Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology & Epidemiology, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG)-Beatrix Children's Hospital-Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź (MUL)-Faculty ot Medicine, Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź (MUL)-Barlicki University Hospital, Hospital Medica Sur, Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Medicine-The University of Tennessee Health Science Center [Memphis] (UTHSC), university of dundee asthma - allergic rhinitis - COPD - beta-2-adrenoceptor, University of Dundee, Pulmonary and allergy unit, American University of Sharjah-Rashid Hospital-Dubai Health Authority (DHA), Association Franco-Vietnamienne de Pneumologie (AFVP), Centre Hospitalier de Compiègne (CHC), Arizona Respiratory Center, Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm]-Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Allergy & Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Pneumology Department, Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tishreen University School of Medicine, Association Franco-Marocaine de Pathologie Thoracique (AFMAPATH), Collège National des Pneumologues Marocains, Epidémiologie Environnementale : Impact Sanitaire des Pollutions (EA 4064), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Immunoallergy Department, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Department of Medicine-Hospital Clinic-ENT Department, Allergy Unit, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)-Department of Paediatrics, Section of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS), University of Chicago, Clinique des maladies respiratoires, centre hospitalo-universitaire Mustapha Pacha d'Alger (CHUMA), Scientific Center for Children's Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG)-Department of Pathology and Medical Biology-GRIAC Research Institute, ENT Department, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Bradford Neonatology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust-Bradford Institute for Health Research, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital-Monash University Building, AMREP, Chiba University Hospital, Asthme Rhinite allergique, Pharmacie, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, marmara university, Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier National Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle (CHNP-CDG), European Federation of Allergy (EFA), Airways Diseases Patients' Associations, Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Immunopharmacology, Nippon Medical School-Medical Research Council Clinical, Laboratoire du Sommeil et de l'Effort, Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française (SPLF)-Clinique St George, Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinic of Allergy and Asthma, Medical University Sofia-Alexander's University Hospital, Regional Health Service - Lazio, Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, University of Aberdeen-Department of General Practice and Primary Care-General Practice Airways Group (GPIAG), Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Pneumalgia, Centre Hospitalier Regional-Espace Francophone de Pneumologie (EFP)-Société de Pneumologie de l'Océan Indien (SPOI), Association Franco-Algérienne de Pneumologie (AFAP), Espace Francophone de pneumologie de la SPLF, Department of Pneumology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-Institut Clínic del Tórax (ICT)-CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)-University of Barcelona, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia (SUM)-Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, UCSC-Allergy Unit, Complesso Integrato Columbus-Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Hospital da Luz, Medical Centre, Woodbrook Medical Centre, Research Fellow, University of Aberdeen-Department of General Practice, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Department of Pharmacology, University College of London [London] (UCL)-The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Primary Care Research & Development, University of Edinburgh-Centre for Population Health Sciences, Section of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]-Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Allergy Unit - Department of Dermatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], National Centre of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Kyrgyz Republic, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Department of ENT and Pediatrics, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculty of Medicine, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna-Division of Immunopathology-Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research-Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Department of Chest Medicine, Mont-Godinne Hospital-Catholic University of Louvain de Mont-Godinne, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Epidemiology Unit, National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore (NUS)-Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Sachs' Children's Hospital, GLP Analytical Facility, School of Pharmacy, Department of Dermatology Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Allergy and Asthma Clinics, The Allergy and Asthma Institute, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases-Guangzhou Medical College, Secretary General of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], In collaboration with the WHO Collaborating Center for Asthma and Rhinitis, University of Genoa (UNIGE)-School of Specialization, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II, University of Verona (UNIVR), Medical School-Federal University of Minas Gerais, University of Genoa (UNIGE)-Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Catholic University Rome, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre (Tarbes)-Association Franco-Libanaise de Pneumologie (AFLP), CUF-Descobertas Hospital, Universita degli Studi di Padova-Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty in Pilsen-Charles University in Prague - the First Faculty of Medicine, Centro Medico-Docente La Trinidad, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]-Instittute of Social Health, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI)-University of Genoa (UNIGE), Medical University of Silesia-Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology, Internal Medicine, Immunology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology ( CREAL ), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], WHO(OMS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda], National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research ( SIAF ), University of Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Upper Airway Research Laboratory ( URL ), University Medical Center, University of Oslo ( UiO ) -Oslo University Hospital, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin [Berlin]-Instittute of Social Health, Medical School-Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Medical University of Warsaw-Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Ministry of Health, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation ( ESIM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Center for Public Health Research ( CSISP ), University of Genoa ( UNIGE ) -School of Specialization, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ) -Academic Medical Centre, University of Southampton [Southampton]-School of Medicine, Hôpital La Rabta [Tunis), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-Second University of Naples, Università degli Studi di Verona, Université Laval-l'Hôpital Laval, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, University of Genoa ( UNIGE ) -Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Southern California Research, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ), Nova Southeastern University, Technische Universität München [München] ( TUM ), Academic Medical Center [Amsterdam] ( AMC ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ) -University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), University of Crete ( UOC ) -Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton [Southampton], UUniversity College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork (UCC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen-Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth ( USJ ) -Faculté de Médecine-Hôtel-Dieu de France, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen-Beatrix Children's Hospital-Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Medical University of Łódź ( MUL ) -Faculty ot Medicine, Medical University of Łódź ( MUL ) -Barlicki University Hospital, Department of Medicine-University of Tennessee College for Medicine, Association Franco-Vietnamienne de Pneumologie ( AFVP ), University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), Association Franco-Marocaine de Pathologie Thoracique ( AFMAPATH ), Epidémiologie Environnementale : Impact Sanitaire des Pollutions ( EA 4064 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ) -Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Department of Medicine-Hospital Clinic-ENT Department, Section of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery ( OHNS ), University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen-Department of Pathology and Medical Biology-GRIAC Research Institute, University Hospital of Kinshasa, European Federation of Allergy ( EFA ), Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble ( INSERM U823 ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Bioenergétique fondamentale et appliquée ( LBFA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Department of General Practice and Primary Care-General Practice Airways Group (GPIAG)-University of Aberdeen, Association Franco-Algérienne de Pneumologie ( AFAP ), Department of General Practice-University of Aberdeen, University College of London [London] ( UCL ) -The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine-Laval University [Québec], Medical University of Vienna-Division of Immunopathology-Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research-Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne, National University of Singapore ( NUS ) -Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( DIAID ), Secretary General of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network ( GA2LEN ), Network of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK (BIHR), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, and Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna

Subjects
MESH: Asthma, severity, MESH: Comorbidity, Comorbidity, Severity of Illness Index, urticaria, MESH : Chronic Disease, MESH: Practice Guidelines as Topic, MESH : Dermatitis, Atopic, MESH: Urticaria, risk, 216-31 [Rhinitis, atopy, allergen Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012,158(3)], atopic dermatitis, MESH : Rhinitis, MESH: Rhinitis, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Effective primary care and public health [NCEBP 7], Immunoglobulin E - Asthma - Rhinitis - Rhinosinusitis - Urticaria - Atopic dermatitis, MESH : Practice Guidelines as Topic, Practice Guidelines as Topic, MESH : Comorbidity, MESH : Severity of Illness Index, IgE, MESH: Sinusitis, MESH : Urticaria, MESH: Hypersensitivity, macromolecular substances, MESH : Asthma, Dermatitis, Atopic, rhinitis, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MESH: Dermatitis, Atopic, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, Hypersensitivity, Humans, Sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, MESH : Hypersensitivity, MESH: Humans, MESH: Chronic Disease, MESH : Humans, Asthma, Atopic dermatitis, Immunoglobulin E, Rhinitis, Rhinosinusitis, Urticaria, asthma, allergy, MESH : Sinusitis, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chronic Disease, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, control
Abstract

Concepts of disease severity, activity, control and responsiveness to treatment are linked but different. Severity refers to the loss of function of the organs induced by the disease process or to the occurrence of severe acute exacerbations. Severity may vary over time and needs regular follow-up. Control is the degree to which therapy goals are currently met. These concepts have evolved over time for asthma in guidelines, task forces or consensus meetings. The aim of this paper is to generalize the approach of the uniform definition of severe asthma presented to WHO for chronic allergic and associated diseases (rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis) in order to have a uniform definition of severity, control and risk, usable in most situations. It is based on the appropriate diagnosis, availability and accessibility of treatments, treatment responsiveness and associated factors such as comorbidities and risk factors. This uniform definition will allow a better definition of the phenotypes of severe allergic (and related) diseases for clinical practice, research (including epidemiology), public health purposes, education and the discovery of novel therapies. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

Published
2012

48. Effects of training at mild exercise intensities on quadriceps muscle energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

Guzun, Rita, Aguilaniu, Bernard, Wuyam, Bernard, Mezin, Paulette, Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle, Auffray, Charles, Saks, Valdur, Pison, Christophe, Hamant, Sarah, Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), HYLAB : Physiologie de l'exercice et interprétation clinique, Clinique du Mail, Department of Physical Education, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2), Département d'anatomie et cythologie pathologique, CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Genexpress - SYSTEMOSCOPE Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biologie Systémique pour la Santé, Institut des Sciences Biologiques du CNRS, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics = Keemilise ja bioloogilise füüsika instituut [Estonie] (NICPB | KBFI), Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), McGill University, Hypoxie et physiopathologies cardiovasculaire et respiratoire, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, mitochondrial metabolism, exercise, Middle Aged, Quadriceps Muscle, Respiratory Function Tests, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Oxygen Consumption, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, Female, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, skeletal muscle, Energy Metabolism, Aged, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

International audience; Aim: To study the effects of physical training at mild intensities on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and eight paired healthy sedentary subjects. Methods: Energy metabolism of patients and controls vastus lateralis muscle was studied before and after 3 months of cycling training at mild exercises intensities. Results: The total amount of work accomplished was about 4059 ± 336 kJ in patients with COPD and 7531 ± 1693 kJ in control subjects. This work corresponds to a mechanical power set at 65.2 ± 7.5% of the maximum power for patients with COPD and 52 ± 3.3% of the maximum power in control group. Despite this low level of exercise intensities, we observed an improvement in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through the creatine kinase system revealed by the increased apparent K(m) for ADP (from 105.5 ± 16.1 to 176.9 ± 26.5 μm, P 0.05 in the control group). Meanwhile, maximal mechanical and metabolic power increased significantly from 83.1 ± 7.1 to 91.3 ± 7.4 Watts (P

Published
2012

49. Rational case management of malaria with a rapid diagnostic test, Paracheck Pf®, in antenatal health care in Bangui, Central African Republic

Author

Alexandre Manirakiza, Jean Delmont, Eugène Serdouma, Nestor Madji, Alain Le Faou, Luc Salva Heredeïbona, Georges Soula, Djibrine Djalle, Methode Moyen, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Reproductive Health, Ministry of Public Health, Population and AIDS Control, Ministry of Public Health, RCA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bangui, Université de Bangui, Ministry of Public Health, Population and AIDS Control, Castors Health Centre, Ministry of Public Health RCA, Malaria Programme Division, Ministry of Public Health, Population and AIDS Control, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Time Factors, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Prenatal care, Rapid diagnostic test, Drug Prescriptions, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Health care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, education, Prospective cohort study, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Prenatal Care, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Malaria, Central African Republic, Treatment Outcome, Case-Control Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Cohort, Emergency medicine, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Case Management, Cohort study, Research Article
Abstract

Background Both treatment and prevention strategies are recommended by the World Health Organization for the control of malaria during pregnancy in tropical areas. The aim of this study was to assess use of a rapid diagnostic test for prompt management of malaria in pregnancy in Bangui, Central African Republic. Methods A cohort of 76 pregnant women was screened systematically for malaria with ParacheckPf® at each antenatal visit. The usefulness of the method was analysed by comparing the number of malaria episodes requiring treatment in the cohort with the number of prescriptions received by another group of pregnant women followed-up in routine antenatal care. Results In the cohort group, the proportion of positive ParacheckPf® episodes during antenatal clinics visits was 13.8%, while episodes of antimalarial prescriptions in the group which was followed-up routinely by antenatal personnel was estimated at 26.3%. Hence, the relative risk of the cohort for being prescribed an antimalarial drug was 0.53. Therefore, the attributable fraction of presumptive treatment avoided by systematic screening with ParacheckPf® was 47%. Conclusions Use of a rapid diagnostic test is useful, affordable and easy for adequate treatment of malaria in pregnant women. More powerful studies of the usefulness of introducing the test into antenatal care are needed in all heath centres in the country and in other tropical areas.

Published
2012

50. Development of a pharmacist collaborative care program for pulmonary arterial hypertension

Author

Pierrick Bedouch, Sébastien Quétant, Matthieu Roustit, Christophe Pison, Claire Chapuis, Audrey Lehmann, C. Saint-Raymond, Magalie Baudrant-Boga, Benoît Allenet, Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé (TIMC-IMAG-ThEMAS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre de Recherche Clinique, CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Public Hospital Medical Service, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hamant, Sarah, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Hypertension, Pulmonary, health care facilities, manpower, and services, education, Pharmacist, MEDLINE, Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Care, Pharmacy, Legislation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacists, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, Professional Role, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Education as Topic, Nursing, Multidisciplinary approach, health services administration, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, Pharmacology (medical), [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Program Development, health care economics and organizations, Patient Care Team, Pharmacology, business.industry, 3. Good health, Pharmaceutical Services, Family medicine, France, business, Psychosocial, Patient education
Abstract

International audience; Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) require multidisciplinary care. Involving pharmacists in PAH multidisciplinary care teams may enhance patient education and improve medication use. We describe the implementation of a Pharmacist Collaborative Care Program (PCCP) in a PAH referral centre in Grenoble, France. Initiated in 2007, the PCCP program includes a pharmacist intervention whose goals are educational, psychosocial, and technical. During patient interviews, pharmacists make an 'educational diagnosis' and provide a patient-specific education session. Patient skills are evaluated at the end of the session. Pharmacists provide feedback to nurses and physicians through a standardized report form and discussion during medical rounds and PAH group meetings. Pharmacists re-evaluate patients' skills every 3-6 months during multidisciplinary clinical evaluations. The PCCP program for PAH is an established practice in Grenoble and may inform future patient education programs involving pharmacists in France, where legislation has recently been passed to standardize patient education.

Published
2011

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