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71 results on '"Ministerio de Salud Publica"'

1. Urban Gardening and Peer Nutritional Counseling for People With HIV and Food Insecurity (ProMeSA)

Author: University of California, San Francisco, Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo, CONAVIHSIDA, Republica Dominicana, Ministerio de Agricultura, Republica Dominicana, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social, Republica Dominicana, and RAND
Published: 2024

2. Improving Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Through Urban Gardening and Nutritional Counseling in the Dominican Republic (ProMeSA)

Author: Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo, Ministerio de Salud Publica, Dominican Republic, and Kathryn Derose, Senior Policy Researcher
Published: 2022

3. Prospective COVID-19 Cohort Study, Dominican Republic

Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Yale University, Broad Institute, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social, Republica Dominicana, and Eric J. Nilles, M.D.,M.S.C., Principal Investigator
Published: 2021

4. AUTOREPORTE DE MALOCLUSIONES DENTALES EN ESCOLARES DE 12 AÑOS DE UN CANTON RURAL EN ECUADOR

Author: Fausto Eder Mieles Cardenas, Sandra Priscilla Cevallos Romero, Veronica Ivanova Verdugo Tinitana, and Ministerio De Salud Publica Ecuador
Subjects: Marketing, Pharmacology, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Strategy and Management, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Biology
Published: 2015
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5. Los que sufren innecesariamente

Author: Homero Bagnulo, Marcelo Barbato, Mario Godino, Jorge Basso, and Ministerio de Salud Pública, Dirección General de la Salud Comisión Nacional para la Seguridad del Paciente y Prevención del Error en Medicina.
Subjects: ERRORES MÉDICOS, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Desde Hipócrates, hace ya más de 2.400 años, se ha reconocido la iatrogenia como el daño evitable causado por el proceso del cuidado médico en sí mismo, más que por la enfermedad que el paciente padece. Sin embargo, es mucho más reciente la real valoración del daño producido durante el proceso de la atención médica y directamente vinculado al mismo. Datos recientes en los que diversos investigadores revisaron, con una adecuada metodología de cribado, las historias clínicas de pacientes en busca de este daño y lo clasifican como evitable o no, han demostrado en forma inequívoca que esta situación se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas de la salud pública.
Published: 2010

6. Evaluación del riesgo en eventos adversos

Author: Homero Bagnulo, Marcelo Barbato, Mario Godino, Jorge Basso, and Ministerio de Salud Pública, Dirección General de la Salud Comisión Nacional para la Seguridad del Paciente y Prevención del Error en Medicina
Subjects: EVENTOS ADVERSOS, EVALUACION DE RIESGO, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: La Administración de Veteranos ha desarrollado criterios que nos permiten graduar la severidad de un evento adverso y la probabilidad de su recurrencia. Categorías por probabilidad: 1. Frecuente: ocurren reiteradamente, se repiten cada cortos períodos. 2. Ocasionales: ocurren varias veces cada uno o dos años. 3. Infrecuente: pueden ocurrir algunas veces en dos a cinco años. 4. Remoto: ocurren alguna vez en dos a cinco años. Categorías por consecuencias: 1. Catastrófica: muerte iatrogénica o pérdida permanente de una defunción debido al evento analizado. 2. Mayor: alteración en la función o en la fisonomía de un paciente, necesidad de intervención quirúrgica o prolongación de la estadía o mayor nivel de cuidado. 3. Moderada: incremento en la estadía, mayores gastos, mayor necesidad de monitoreo. 4. Menor: no hay injuria, no requiere tratamiento, pérdida de utilidad para la institución sin daño al paciente.
Published: 2010

7. Community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients: changes in aetiology, clinical presentation, and severity outcomes in a 10-year period

Author: Júlia Sellarès-Nadal, Joaquín Burgos, María Teresa Martín-Gómez, Andrés Antón, Roger Sordé, Daniel Romero-Herrero, Pau Bosch-Nicolau, Anna Falcó-Roget, Cristina Kirkegaard, Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo, Oscar Len, Vicenç Falcó, Institut Català de la Salut, [Sellarès-Nadal J, Burgos J, Falcó V] Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. [Martín-Gómez MT, Antón A, Romero-Herrero D] Servei de Microbiologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Sordé R] Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Trauma Manuel Giagni, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay. [Bosch-Nicolau P] Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Falcó-Roget A, Kirkegaard C, Rodríguez-Pardo D, Len O] Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, enfermedades respiratorias::enfermedades pulmonares::neumonía [ENFERMEDADES], infecciones bacterianas y micosis::infección::infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad [ENFERMEDADES], Bacteremia, MRSA, Pneumonia, General Medicine, Shock, Septic, Pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat, Respiratory Tract Diseases::Lung Diseases::Pneumonia [DISEASES], Other subheadings::/etiology [Other subheadings], Community-Acquired Infections, Pleural Effusion, Pneumònia - Etiologia, Otros calificadores::/etiología [Otros calificadores], Virology, Humans, Mortality, Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Community-Acquired Infections [DISEASES]
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus; Mortality; Virology Staphylococcus aureus; Mortalidad; Virología Staphylococcus aureus; Mortalitat; Virologia Background and objective Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent cause of hospitalisation. Several factors, such as pandemics, vaccines and globalisation may lead to changes in epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of CAP, which oblige to a constant actualisation. We performed this study to analyse how these factors have evolved over a 10-year period. Materials and methods Patients diagnosed with CAP for two 1-year periods that were 10 years apart (2007–2008 and 2017–2018) were included. We compared microbiological information, clinical data and evolutive outcomes in the two periods. A mortality analysis was performed. Results 1043 patients were included: 452 during the first period (2007- 2008), and 591 during the second period (2017–2018). Bacterial aetiology did not change during the 10-year period, besides a slight increase in Staphylococcus aureus (0.9% vs 2.9%, p = 0.026). There was a decline in the proportion of bacteraemia in the second period (14.8% vs 9.6%, p = 0.012). The incidence of complicated pleural effusion and septic shock declined too (6.4% vs 3.6%, p = 0.04 and 15.5% vs 6.3%, p
Published: 2022
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8. Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982–2012: A Systematic Analysis

Author: Melissa J. Whaley, Malinee Chittaganpitch, Remigio M. Olveda, Marta Von Horoch, Adebayo Adedeji, Tran Hien Nguyen, Jean-Michel Heraud, Robert Booy, Daddi Jima, Vida Mmbaga, Stephen R. C. Howie, Julio Armero, Ricardo Mena, Radu Cojocaru, Marietjie Venter, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Thierry Nyatanyi, Daouda Coulibaly, Guiselle Guzman, Amal Barakat, Hongjie Yu, Mandeep S. Chadha, Harry Campbell, Andrew Corwin, Harish Nair, Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly, Daniel E. Noyola, Zuridin Nurmatov, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Ondri Dwi Sampurno, Andros Theo, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Kathryn E. Lafond, Joseph S. Bresee, William Ampofo, Fátima Valente, Mahmudur Rahman, Gideon O. Emukule, Paul Kitsutani, Terveystieteiden yksikkö - School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of Tampere [Finland], University of Edinburgh, Public Health Foundation of India, Afghanistan National Public Health Institute, National Directorate of Public Health, Westmead Hospital [Sydney], Institute of Epidemiology, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), University of Auckland [Auckland], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], University of Ghana, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), National Institute of Virology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi [México] (UASLP), National Centre for Public Health [Chisinau, Republic of Moldova], National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health [Morocco], Federal Ministry of Health, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Ministry of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), University Teaching Hospital, and Funding for this study was provided entirely by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study was designed by the authors, and the results and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the official position of the CDC.
Subjects: PNEUMONIA, 0301 basic medicine, RNA viruses, Pediatrics, Viral Diseases, Influenza Viruses, Pulmonology, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Global Health, MESH: Hospitalization, LABORATORY-CONFIRMED INFLUENZA, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Global health, Medicine and Health Sciences, Terveystiede - Health care science, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Lower respiratory infection, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Influenza, Human, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, Naisten- ja lastentaudit - Gynaecology and paediatrics, MESH: Infant, Vaccination and Immunization, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, INFECTIONS, Medical Microbiology, Vaccination coverage, Viral Pathogens, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viruses, Geographic regions, VIRUS, Pathogens, Pediatric Infections, Developed country, Research Article, COUNTRIES, AFRICA, YOUNG-CHILDREN, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Disease Control, Immunology, UNITED-STATES, SEASONAL INFLUENZA, Disease Surveillance, Microbiology, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Respiratory illness, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, MORTALITY, MESH: Child, Preschool, lcsh:R, Organisms, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, MESH: Male, Influenza, Pneumonia, Age Groups, Infectious Disease Surveillance, Respiratory Infections, People and Places, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Population Groupings, MESH: Respiratory Tract Diseases, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, Preventive Medicine, business, MESH: Female, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Background The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. Methods and Findings We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (, The substantial global burden of influenza infections in children is revealed by Lafond and colleagues. Children in developing countries are 3 times more likely to be hospitalised and treatments vary. This study highlights the need for vaccination programs in the young., Editors' Summary Background Acute lower respiratory infections—bacterial and viral infections of the lungs and airways (the tubes that take oxygen-rich air to the lungs)—are major causes of illness and death in children worldwide. Pneumonia (infection of the lungs) alone is responsible for 15% of deaths among children under five years old and kills nearly one million young children every year. Globally, infections with respiratory syncytial virus and with Streptococcus pneumoniae are associated with about 25% and 18.3%, respectively, of all episodes of severe respiratory infection in young children. Another infectious organism that contributes to the global burden of respiratory disease among children is the influenza virus. Every year, millions of people become infected with this virus, which infects the airways and causes symptoms that include a high temperature, tiredness and weakness, general aches and pains, and a dry chesty cough. Most infected individuals recover quickly, but seasonal influenza outbreaks (epidemics) nevertheless kill about half a million people annually, with the highest burden of severe disease being experienced by elderly people and by children under five years old. Why Was This Study Done? Annual immunization (vaccination) can reduce an individual’s risk of catching influenza, but before a country implements this preventative measure, policymakers need reliable estimates of the burden of influenza in their country. Although such estimates have been calculated for resource-rich countries with temperate climates, where influenza largely occurs in the winter, few estimates of influenza burden are available for resource-limited countries, which has hampered informed consideration of vaccination for influenza prevention in many settings. Recently, however, there has been a global expansion of systematic surveillance and testing for influenza virus among patients admitted to hospital for severe respiratory infection. Here, the researchers use this expanded surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide between 1982 and 2012. Specifically, they undertake a systematic review to identify published research articles on influenza-associated respiratory disease in hospitalized children, and, by aggregating the data from these articles with data collected by hospital-based influenza surveillance, they calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of children hospitalized with respiratory disease who are positive for influenza. What Did the Researchers Do and Find? Using predefined search criteria, the researchers identified 108 published research articles that provided information on influenza-associated respiratory illness among hospitalized children. In addition, the Global Respiratory Hospitalizations–Influenza Proportion Positive (GRIPP) working group provided 37 hospital-based influenza surveillance datasets. By aggregating the data from these sources using a statistical approach called meta-analysis, the researchers calculated that, overall, influenza was associated with 9.5% of hospitalizations for severe respiratory infection among children under 18 years old worldwide, ranging from 4.8% among children under six months old to 16.4% among children aged 5–17 years. The researchers also calculated that, on average over the study period, influenza resulted in about 374,000 hospitalizations annually among children under one year old (including 228,000 hospitalizations among children less than six months old) and nearly one million hospitalizations annually among children under five years old. Finally, the researchers calculated that influenza-associated hospitalization rates among children under five years old over the study period were more than three times higher in resource-limited countries than in industrialized countries (150 and 48 hospitalizations, respectively, per 100,000 children per year). What Do These Findings Mean? Differences in hospitalization practices, in applications of case definitions, and in influenza testing protocols between settings may affect the accuracy of these findings. Specifically, the approach taken by the researchers may mean that their estimate of the total burden of severe respiratory disease due to influenza is an underestimate of the true situation. Even so, these findings suggest that influenza is an important contributor to hospitalizations for severe respiratory illness among children worldwide. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among young children and pregnant women could, therefore, reduce the contribution that influenza makes to hospitalizations for respiratory infections among children. Importantly, the estimates of the burden of influenza provided by these findings can now be used by countries considering influenza vaccination programs for children and/or pregnant women to help them investigate the possible health and cost implications of such programs and should also stimulate further research into the development of effective influenza vaccines for young children. Additional Information This list of resources contains links that can be accessed when viewing the PDF on a device or via the online version of the article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001977. The UK National Health Service Choices website provides information about respiratory infections, seasonal influenza, influenza vaccination, and influenza vaccination in children The World Health Organization provides information on seasonal influenza (in several languages) and on influenza vaccines The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also provides information for patients and health professionals on all aspects seasonal influenza, including information about vaccination, and about children, influenza, and vaccination; its website contains a short video about personal experiences of influenza Flu.gov, a US government website, provides access to information on seasonal influenza and vaccination MedlinePlus has links to further information about influenza and about vaccination (in English and Spanish)
Published: 2016
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9. Trends in cardiometabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014: A pooled analysis of population-based surveys

Author: J Jaime Miranda, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, Catterina Ferreccio, Ian R Hambleton, Paulo A Lotufo, Ramfis Nieto-MartSínez, Bin Zhou, James Bentham, Honor Bixby, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Yuan Lu, Cristina Taddei, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Dolores S Andrade, Maria Cecília F Assunção, Alberto Barceló, Aluisio JD Barros, Mauro VG Barros, Joao Luiz D Bastos, Iqbal Bata, Rosangela L Batista, Mikhail Benet, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Heloísa Bettiol, Daniel Bia, Katia V Bloch, Jose G Boggia, Carlos P Boissonnet, Imperia Brajkovich, Lizzy M Brewster, Christine Cameron, Ana Paula C Cândido, Felicia Cañete, Viviane C Cardoso, Esteban Carmuega, Juraci A Cesar, Queenie Chan, Diego G Christofaro, Janine Clarke, Susana C Confortin, Cora L Craig, Felipe V Cureau, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Silvana C Donoso, Eleonora d'Orsi, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Samuel C Dumith, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Paul Elliott, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Trevor S Ferguson, Romulo A Fernandes, Daniel Ferrante, Damian K Francis, Flavio D Fuchs, Sandra C Fuchs, Andrea Gazzinelli, David Goltzman, Helen Gonçalves, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva, Angel R Gonzalez, David A Gonzalez-Chica, Margot González-Leon, Juan P González-Rivas, Clicerio González-Villalpando, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Mariano Gorbea Bonet, Ronald D Gregor, Ramiro Guerrero, Andre L Guimaraes, Martin C Gulliford, Laura Gutierrez, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Victor M Herrera, Wilma M Hopman, Andrea RVR Horimoto, Claudia M Hormiga, Bernardo L Horta, Christina Howitt, Vilma E Irazola, Kenneth James, Ramon O Jimenez, Santa Magaly Jiménez-Acosta, Michel Joffres, Patrick Kolsteren, Orlando Landrove, Maria Lazo-Porras, Christa L Lilly, M Fernanada Lima-Costa, Tania Lopez, George LL Machado-Coelho, Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues, Marcia Makdisse, Paula Margozzini, Larissa Pruner Marques, Reynaldo Martorell, Luis Mascarenhas, Alicia Matijasevich, Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R McFarlane, Scott B McLean, Ana Maria B Menezes, Juan Francisco Miquel, Michele Monroy-Valle, Eric A Monterrubio, Eric Monterubio Flores, Leila B Moreira, Alain Morejon, Suzanne N Morin, Jorge Motta, William A Neal, Flavio Nervi, Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez, Oscar A Noboa, Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés, Maria Teresa Olinto Anselmo, Isabel O Oliveira, Lariane M Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Ana Paula C Ortiz, Pedro J Ortiz, Johanna A Otero, Alberto Palloni, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Alexandre C Pereira, Marco A Peres, Cynthia M Pérez, Rafael N Pichardo, Daniel A Rangel Reina, Ramon A Rascon-Pacheco, Luis Revilla, Robespierre Ribeiro, Raphael M Ritti-Dias, Juan A Rivera, Cynthia Robitaille, Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Joel GR Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Ina S Santos, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mariana Sbaraini, Marcia Scazufca, Beatriz D Schaan, Herman Schargrodsky, Victor Sequera, Jennifer Servais, Antonio M Silva, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Karen Sparrenberger, Aryeh D Stein, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Moyses Szklo, William R Tebar, Tania Tello, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Gonzalo Valdivia, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G Victora, Rildo S Wanderley Jr, Ming-Dong Wang, Rainford J Wilks, Roy A Wong-McClure, Novie O Younger-Coleman, Maria Elisa Zapata, Yanina Zocalo, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Goodarz Danaei, Gretchen A Stevens, Leanne M Riley, Majid Ezzati, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Imperial College London, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, University of the West Indies, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Kent, Cleveland Clinic, Yale University, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Universidad de Cuenca, Federal University of Pelotas, Pan American Health Organization, University of Pernambuco, Dalhousie University, Federal University of Maranhao, CAFAM University Foundation, University Medical Science, Universidad de la Republica, Centro de Educacion Medica e Investigaciones Clinicas, University of Amsterdam, Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), University of Montreal, Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Ministry of Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do sul, McGill University, Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Universidad Icesi, State University of Montes Claros, King's College London, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Kingston General Hospital, Heart Institute, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander, Simon Fraser University, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Ministerio de Salud Publica, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Emory University, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Statistics Canada, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health, University of Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health, Universidade Nove de Julho, Public Health Agency of Canada, Universidad Industrial de Santander, National Institute of Health, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Epidemiology and Microbiology Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), World Health Organization, Middlesex University, and Wellcome Trust
Subjects: AWARENESS, Latin Americans, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)—Americas Working Group, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Cardiometabolic risk, education.field_of_study, Science & Technology, HYPERTENSION, business.industry, 1. No poverty, LATIN-AMERICA, General Medicine, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Obesity, PREVALENCE, 3. Good health, Blood pressure, Pooled analysis, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, OBESITY, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [http], 0605 Microbiology, Demography
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 National Cancer Institute National Institute of Mental Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Fogarty International Center Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research Medical Research Council Background Describing the prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial for monitoring progress, planning prevention, and providing evidence to support policy efforts. We aimed to analyse the transition in body-mass index (BMI), obesity, blood pressure, raised blood pressure, and diabetes in the Americas, between 1980 and 2014. Methods We did a pooled analysis of population-based studies with data on anthropometric measurements, biomarkers for diabetes, and blood pressure from adults aged 18 years or older. A Bayesian model was used to estimate trends in BMI, raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure =140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure =90 mm Hg), and diabetes (fasting plasma glucose =7.0 mmol/L, history of diabetes, or diabetes treatment) from 1980 to 2014, in 37 countries and six subregions of the Americas. Findings 389 population-based surveys from the Americas were available. Comparing prevalence estimates from 2014 with those of 1980, in the non-English speaking Caribbean subregion, the prevalence of obesity increased from 3.9% (95% CI 2.2-6.3) in 1980, to 18.6% (14.3-23.3) in 2014, in men; and from 12.2% (8.2-17.0) in 1980, to 30.5% (25.7-35.5) in 2014, in women. The English-speaking Caribbean subregion had the largest increase in the prevalence of diabetes, from 5.2% (2.1-10.4) in men and 6.4% (2.6-10.4) in women in 1980, to 11.1% (6.4-17.3) in men and 13.6% (8.2-21.0) in women in 2014). Conversely, the prevalence of raised blood pressure has decreased in all subregions; the largest decrease was found in North America from 27.6% (22.3-33.2) in men and 19.9% (15.8-24.4) in women in 1980, to 15.5% (11.1-20.9) in men and 10.7% (7.7-14.5) in women in 2014. Interpretation Despite the generally high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors across the Americas, estimates also showed a high level of heterogeneity in the transition between countries. The increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes observed over time requires appropriate measures to deal with these public health challenges. Our results support a diversification of health interventions across subregions and countries. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Imperial College London Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile University of the West Indies University of Sao Paulo Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System University of Kent Cleveland Clinic Yale University Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Universidad de Cuenca Federal University of Pelotas Pan American Health Organization University of Pernambuco Dalhousie University Federal University of Maranhao CAFAM University Foundation University Medical Science Universidad de la Republica Centro de Educacion Medica e Investigaciones Clinicas University of Amsterdam Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina University of Montreal Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos National Council of Scientific and Technical Research Ministry of Health Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica Federal University of Sao Paulo Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do sul McGill University Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology and Microbiology Universidad Icesi State University of Montes Claros King's College London Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy National Institute of Public Health Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga Kingston General Hospital Heart Institute Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander Simon Fraser University Institute of Tropical Medicine Ministerio de Salud Publica Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health West Virginia University Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Emory University Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies Statistics Canada Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health University of Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus University of Wisconsin-Madison Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health Universidade Nove de Julho Public Health Agency of Canada Universidad Industrial de Santander National Institute of Health University of Sao Paulo Clinics Hospital Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Federal University of Santa Catarina Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado Epidemiology and Microbiology Institute Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais World Health Organization Middlesex University Universidade Estadual Paulista National Cancer Institute: 1P20CA217231 National Institute of Mental Health: 1U19MH098780 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: 1UM1HL134590 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: 5U01HL114180 Fogarty International Center: D71TW010877 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: HHSN268200900033C Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research: HQHSR1206660 Medical Research Council: MR/P008984/1 Medical Research Council: MR/P02386X/1 Medical Research Council: MR/P024408/1 Fogarty International Center: R21TW009982
Published: 2020

10. Distribution of influenza virus types by age using case-based global surveillance data from twenty-nine countries, 1999-2014

Author: François G. Schellevis, Raquel Guiomar, Zhibin Peng, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Brechla Moreno, Juan Yang, Cheryl Cohen, Lynnette Brammer, Jenny Lara, Hongjie Yu, Mai thi Quynh Le, Joshua A. Mott, Rodrigo Fasce, Gabriela Kusznierz, Simona Puzelli, Doménica de Mora, Leticia Castillo, Selim Badur, Akerke Ospanova, Vernon J. Lee, Liza Lopez, Richard Njouom, Douglas M. Fleming, Coulibaly Daouda, Nurhayati, Juan Manuel Rudi, Clotilde El-Guerche Séblain, Li Wei Ang, Joseph S. Bresee, Celina de Lozano, Sonam Gyeltshen, Maria Zambon, Maria Luisa Matute, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Amal Barakat, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Alla Mironenko, Angel Balmaseda, Alexey Clara, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Richard Pebody, Herman Kosasih, Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques, Marietjie Venter, Caterina Rizzo, Meral Akcay Ciblak, Olha Holubka, Gideon O. Emukule, Fatima el Falaki, Winston Andrade, Herve A. Kadjo, Alfredo Bruno, Kate Pennington, Lyazzat Kiyanbekova, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Rhonda Owen, John Paget, Peter Spreeuwenberg, Sue Q. Huang, Jean-Michel Heraud, Sonam Wangchuk, Luzhao Feng, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 'Dr. Emilio Coni', Department of Health and Ageing, Influenza Surveillance Section, Surveillance Branch, Office of Health Protection (DHAISS), Department of Health and Ageing, Influenza Surveillance Section, Surveillance Branch, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia (DHAISS), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], Ministry of Health [Brasília, Brazil], Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Public Health England [London], Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), US Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique [Côte d'Ivoire] (INHP), Astana Center of Sanitary Epidemiology Expertise, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Kenya], U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of Health [Morocco], Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), National Influenza Center, Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Ministry of Health [Singapore], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Istanbul University, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Chercheur indépendant, Sanofi Pasteur [Lyon, France], VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], The Global Influenza B Study is funded by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur., The Global Influenza B Study group also includes the following members: Binay Thapa 4, Sangay Zangmo 4, Guy Vernet 6, Patricia Bustos 7, Patricio Loyola 7, Joanna Ellis 12, Antonino Bella 19, Maria Rita Castrucci 18, Gulzhan Muratbayeva 45, Julia Guillebaud 26, Laurence Randrianasolo 46, Ausenda Machado 47, Pedro Pechirra 32, Jeffery Cutter 34, Raymond Tzer Pin Lin 34. 45 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central Asia Regional Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan 46 Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar 47 National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Aging & Later Life, and General practice
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Databases, Factual, Distribution (economics), CHILDREN, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 1108 Medical Microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 subtype, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, POPULATION, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Age Factors, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Global Influenza B Study group, Infectious Diseases, INFECTIONS, Influenza A virus, Child, Preschool, H3N2 Subtype, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, BURDEN, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Age distribution, 0605 Microbiology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Surveillance data, Adolescent, Population, UNITED-STATES, Microbiology, Virus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, H1N1 Subtype, COHORT, lcsh:RC109-216, education, Disease burden, METAANALYSIS, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, Public health, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Infant, Newborn, Infant, 1103 Clinical Sciences, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Estados de Saúde e de Doença, Influenza B Virus, Influenza, Influenza B virus, Meta-analysis, 030104 developmental biology, H1N1 subtype, Virus type, RISK-FACTORS, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: The database of the Global Influenza B Study was created by collecting surveillance datasets from each of the participating countries. These national datasets are owned by the participating countries, and thus cannot be shared publicly. Researchers interested in obtaining the country-specific datasets may contact the individuals listed below for further details regarding data access.Argentina (Santa Fe Province): Gabriela Kusznierz (labconi@yahoo.com.ar)Australia: Kate Pennington (kate.pennington@health.gov.au)Bhutan: Sonam Wangchuk (swangchuk@health.gov.bt)Brazil: Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques (claudio.henriques@saude.gov.br)Cameroon: Guy Vernet (vernet@pasteur-yaounde.org)Chile: Rodrigo Fasce (rfasce@ispch.cl)China: Feng Luzhao (fenglz@chinacdc.cn)Costa Rica: Alexey W. Clara (wclara@cdc.gov)Ecuador: Alfredo Bruno (alfredobruno@yahoo.es)El Salvador: Alexey W. Clara (wclara@cdc.gov)England: Maria Zambon (maria.zambon@phe.gov.uk)Guatemala: Alexey W. Clara (wclara@cdc.gov)Honduras: Alexey W. Clara (wclara@cdc.gov)Indonesia: Herman Kosasih (hermaninarespond@gmail.com)Italy: Caterina Rizzo (caterina.rizzo@iss.it)Ivory Coast: Herve A. Kadjo (hervekadjo@pasteur.ci)Kazakhstan: Gulzhan Muratbayeva (hnv2@cdc.gov)Kenya: Joshua Mott (zud9@cdc.gov)Madagascar: Jean-Michel Heraud (jmheraud@pasteur.mg)Morocco: Amal Barakat (amal.barakat@yahoo.fr)New Zealand: Sue Huang (sue.huang@esr.cri.nz)Nicaragua: Alexey W. Clara (wclara@cdc.gov)Panama: Alexey W. Clara (wclara@cdc.gov)Portugal: Ana Paula Rodrigues (ana.rodrigues@insa.min-saude.pt)Singapore: Vernon Lee (vernonljm@hotmail.com)South Africa: Cheryl Cohen (cherylc@nicd.ac.za)Turkey: Meral Akcay Ciblak (ciblakm@yahoo.com)Ukraine: Alla Mironenko (miralla@ukr.net)Viet Nam: Le Thi Quinh Mai (lom9@hotmail.com); International audience; BACKGROUND:Influenza disease burden varies by age and this has important public health implications. We compared the proportional distribution of different influenza virus types within age strata using surveillance data from twenty-nine countries during 1999-2014 (N=358,796 influenza cases).METHODS:For each virus, we calculated a Relative Illness Ratio (defined as the ratio of the percentage of cases in an age group to the percentage of the country population in the same age group) for young children (0-4 years), older children (5-17 years), young adults (18-39 years), older adults (40-64 years), and the elderly (65+ years). We used random-effects meta-analysis models to obtain summary relative illness ratios (sRIRs), and conducted meta-regression and sub-group analyses to explore causes of between-estimates heterogeneity.RESULTS:The influenza virus with highest sRIR was A(H1N1) for young children, B for older children, A(H1N1)pdm2009 for adults, and (A(H3N2) for the elderly. As expected, considering the diverse nature of the national surveillance datasets included in our analysis, between-estimates heterogeneity was high (I2>90%) for most sRIRs. The variations of countries' geographic, demographic and economic characteristics and the proportion of outpatients among reported influenza cases explained only part of the heterogeneity, suggesting that multiple factors were at play.CONCLUSIONS:These results highlight the importance of presenting burden of disease estimates by age group and virus (sub)type.
Published: 2018
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11. Population Structure of Candida parapsilosis: No Genetic Difference Between French and Uruguayan Isolates Using Microsatellite Length Polymorphism

Author: Françoise Dromer, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Victoria Bórmida, Philippe Poirier, Stéphane Bretagne, Céline Nourrisson, Dinorah Pan, Andrès Puime, Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Ministerio de salud publica, Unidad de Parasitologia y Micologia, Montevideo, Uruguay, Universidad de Montevideo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), The YEASTS program was supported in part by Institut de Veille Sanitaire/Santé Publique France, and Institut Pasteur. This work was partially supported by grants from the Uruguayan Agency for Innovation and Research (ANII_FSS_2009_1721, ANII_POS_2011_1_3472) and French Embassy in Uruguay/Amsud Pasteur. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation of data., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Mycologie moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Hôpital Saint-Louis, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Candida parapsilosis, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, Veterinary (miscellaneous), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Population, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Population structure, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, 03 medical and health sciences, Polymorphism (computer science), Humans, education, Mycological Typing Techniques, Microsatellites genotyping, Genotyping, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Genetics, Candida parapsilosis Microsatellites genotyping Azoles resistance Candidemia Population structure, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Molecular Epidemiology, biology, Outbreak, Genetic Variation, Candidemia, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Microsatellite, Uruguay, Azoles resistance, France, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Candida parapsilosis is a human commensal yeast, frequently involved in infection worldwide and especially in neonates. It is the second species responsible for bloodstream infections in Uruguay and the third species in France. We were interested in knowing whether the population structure of isolates responsible for candidemia in France and in Uruguay was different. Genotyping methods based on microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) have been described and are especially used for investigation of local outbreaks. We therefore determined the genotypes of 159 C. parapsilosis isolates recovered from 122 patients (84 French patients from 43 hospitals and 38 Uruguayan patients from 10 hospitals) using three microsatellites markers previously described. Our results confirmed that C. parapsilosis population has a high genetic diversity, clonal inheritance and that majority of patients were infected by a single isolate. But we described recurrent infections due to related or unrelated genotypes resulting from isolates harboring loss or gain of heterozygosity. We also described three cases of coinfections due to unrelated genotypes. We did not uncover geographic specificity but observed two linked genotypes that seem to be associated with voriconazole resistance. Finally, among eight isolates involved in grouped cases, the genotypes were similar in six cases supporting the hypothesis of inter-patient transmission. These results confirmed the usefulness of performing MLP genotyping analysis for grouped cases of C. parapsilosis isolates in order to reinforce preventive hygiene measures.
Published: 2018
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12. Grams ME, Sang Y, Ballew SH, et al, for the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Predicting timing of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and severely decreased glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int. 2018;93:1442–1451

Author: Remy, Philippe, Audard, Vincent, Natella, Pierre André, Pelle, Gaëlle, Dussol, Bertrand, Leray-Moragues, Hélène, Bouachi, Khedidja, Dantal, Jacques, Vrigneaud, Laurence, Karras, Alexandre, Pourcine, Frank, Gatault, Philippe, Grimbert, Philippe, Ait Sahlia, Nawelle, Moktefi, Anissa, Daugas, Eric, Rigothier, Claire, Bastuji-Garin, Sylvie, Sahali, Dil, Aldigier, Jean Claude, Bataille, Pierre, Canaud, Bernard, Chauveau, Dominique, Combe, Christian, Choukroun, Gabriel, Cornec-Legall, Emilie, Dahan, Karine, Delahousse, Michel, Desvaux, Dominique, Deteix, Patrice, Durrbach, Antoine, Esnault, Vincent, Essig, Marie, Fievet, Patrick, Frouget, Thierry, Guerrot, Dominique, Godin, Michel, Gontiers-Picard, Annie, Gosselin, Morgane, Hanrotel-Saliou, Catherine, Heng, Anne-Elisabeth, Huart, Antoine, Humbert, Antoine, Kofman, Tomek, Hummel, Aurélie, Lang, Philippe, Laville, Maurice, Lemeur, Yannick, Malvezzi, Paolo, Matignon, Marie, Mesbah, Rafik, Moulin, Bruno, Muller, Sandrine, Olagne, Jerome, Pardon, Agathe, Provôt, François, Queffeulou, Guillaume, Plaisier, Emmanuelle, Raimbourg, Quentin, Rieu, Philippe, Stehlé, Thomas, Vanhille, Philippe, Astor, Brad, Levin, Adeera, Tang, Mila, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Navaneethan, Sankar, Jolly, Stacey, Schold, Jesse, Nally, Joseph, Emberson, Jonathan, Townend, John, Landray, Martin, Feldman, Harold, Hsu, Chi-Yuan, Lash, James, Appel, Lawrence, Kalra, Philip, Ritchie, James, Maharajan, Raman, Middleton, Rachel, O’donoghue, Donal, Schneider, Markus, Kronenberg, Florian, Bärthlein, Barbara, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H. Lester, Ho, Kevin, Marks, Angharad, Black, Corri, Prescott, Gordon, Fluck, Nick, Nakayama, Masaaki, Miyazaki, Mariko, Yamamoto, Tae, Yamada, Gen, Wang, Angela Yee-Moon, Cheung, Sharon, Wong, Sharon, Chu, Jessie, Wu, Henry, Garg, Amit, Mcarthur, Eric, Nash, Danielle, Shalev, Varda, Chodick, Gabriel, Blankestijn, Peter, Wetzels, Jack F.M., van Zuilen, Arjan, van den Brand, Jan, Inker, Lesley, Sarnak, Mark, Tighiouart, Hocine, Zhang, Haitao, Stengel, Bénédicte, Metzger, Marie, Flamant, Martin, Houillier, Pascal, Haymann, Jean-Philippe, Rios, Pablo, Mazzuchi, Nelson, Gadola, Liliana, Lamadrid, Verónica, Solá, Laura, Collins, John, Elley, C. Raina, Kenealy, Timothy, Moranne, Olivier, Couchoud, Cécile, Vigneau, Cécile, Brunskill, Nigel, Major, Rupert, Shepherd, David, Medcalf, James, Kovesdy, Csaba, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Sumida, Keiichi, Potukuchi, Praveen, Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., de Zeeuw, Dick, Brenner, Barry, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Gasparini, Alessandro, Qureshi, Abdul Rashid, Elinder, Carl-Gustaf, Visseren, Frank L.J., van Der Graaf, Yolanda, Evans, Marie, Stendahl, Maria, Schön, Staffan, Segelmark, Mårten, Prütz, Karl-Göran, Naimark, David, Tangri, Navdeep, Mark, Patrick, Traynor, Jamie, Geddes, Colin, Thomson, Peter, Chang, Alex, Gansevoort, Ron, Köttgen, Anna, Levey, Andrew, Zhang, Luxia, Ballew, Shoshana, Chen, Jingsha, Coresh, Josef, Grams, Morgan, Kwak, Lucia, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Sang, Yingying, Surapaneni, Aditya, Woodward, Mark, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Hemmelgarn, Brenda, Wheeler, David, Winkelmayer, Wolfgang, Davis, John, Green, Danielle, Cheung, Michael, Green, Tanya, Mcmahan, Melissa, Molnar, Miklos, Service de néphrologie [CHU Henri Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier universitaire Henri Mondor, F-94000 Créteil, France, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Foch Hospital, Chirurgie urologique et transplantation rénale [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de néphrologie et transplantation, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut Transplantation Urologie et Néphrologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Néphrologie [Valenciennes], Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Service de Néphrologie CHU TOURS, INSERM U955, équipe 21, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), UMR 1599, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Dialysis, Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique (LIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Service de Néphrologie et Immunopathologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, PRES Université de Toulouse, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Unité Médicale de Soins Intensifs, CHU Amiens-Picardie, CHRU Brest - Service de Nephrologie (CHU - BREST - Nephrologie), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de Département de Néphrologie = Service de Néphrologie et Dialyses [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de transplantation rénale, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service Néphrologie, Pôle REUNNIRH, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, U542, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Service de Néphrologie, Dialyse, Transplantations [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de Néphrologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Nouvelles Cibles Pharmacologiques de la Protection Endothéliale et de l'Insuffisance Cardiaque (EnVI), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de néphrologie, dialyse, aphérèses et transplantation, CHU Grenoble-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CH Boulogne sur Mer, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, CHU Strasbourg, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Néphrologie [CHPC - Site Louis Pasteur], Site Louis Pasteur [CHPC], CH Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC)-CH Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC), Remodelage et Reparation du Tissu Renal, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Néphrologie [Bichat - Claude Bernard], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de médecine interne et néphrologie, CH Valenciennes, Division of Nephrology [Vancouver, BC, Canada], University of British Columbia (UBC), Aberdeen University, Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology [Darmstadt] (Fraunhofer SIT), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Division of genetic epidemiology, HMNC Brain Health-Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology-Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Department of electronic engineering, Chang Gung University, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Nephrology [Utrecht, Pays-Bas], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Department of Nephrology [Nijmegen, The Netherlands], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Department of nephrology [Nimègue, Pays-Bas], Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Nimègue, Pays-Bas], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]-Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Tufts Medical Center, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics [Nanjing] (NUAA), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Physiologie [Bichat-Claude Bernard], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Service de Physiologie [Georges-Pompidou], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Des Maladies Rénales Rares aux Maladies Fréquentes, Remodelage et Réparation, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Directora Division Epidemiologia [Montevideo, Uruguay], Ministerio de Salud Publica, Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Agence de la biomédecine [Saint-Denis la Plaine], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Division of Drug Research/Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University (LIU), Department of Nephrology [Groningue, Pays-Bas], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Renal Division [Beijing, China], Peking University [Beijing], The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension [Erlangen, Germany], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Service de Néphrologie et Dialyses [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Service de néphrologie [CHPC, Cherbourg-en-Cotentin], CHPC - Site Louis Pasteur, Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC)-Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU)-HMNC Brain Health-Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Radboud University Medical Centre [Nijmegen, The Netherlands], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Peking University First Hospital [China]-Peking University Institute of Nephrology [China], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Service Médecine interne et immunopathologie clinique [CHU Toulouse], Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), HMNC Brain Health-Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology-Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Henri Mondor, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Tenon [APHP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service de Néphrologie, Dialyse, Aphérèses et Transplantation [CHU Grenoble], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Centre Hospitalier du Cotentin, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology [Darmstadt] (SIT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Méthodes Algorithmes pour l'Ordonnancement et les Réseaux (MAORE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nephrology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, 030232 urology & nephrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, mycophenolate, media_common, clinical trial, Art, medicine.disease, Optimal management, Treatment efficacy, 3. Good health, Transplantation, Cohort, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, Humanities, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, steroids, Kidney disease, Cohort study
Abstract: The Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Prognosis Consortium is a collaborative author of the above-mentioned article. The CKD Prognosis Consortium investigators/collaborators are as follows: • African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK): Brad Astor, Lawrence J. Appel; Canadian Study of Prediction of Death, Dialysis and Interim Cardiovascular Events (CanPREDDICT): Adeera Levin, Mila Tang, Ognjenka Djurdjev; Cleveland Clinic CKD Registry Study (CCF): Sankar D. Navaneethan, Stacey E. Jolly, Jesse D. Schold, Joseph V. Nally Jr.; Chronic Renal Impairment in Birmingham (CRIB): David C. Wheeler, Jonathan Emberson, John Townend, Martin Landray; Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study (CRIC): Harold I. Feldman, Chi-yuan Hsu, James P. Lash, Lawrence J. Appel; Chronic Renal Insufficiency Standards Implementation Study (CRISIS): Philip A. Kalra, James P. Ritchie, Raman Maharajan, Rachel J. Middleton, Donal J. O'Donoghue; German Chronic Kidney Disease Study (GCKD): Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Markus P. Schneider, Anna Kottgen, Florian Kronenberg, Barbara Barthlein; Geisinger Health System: Alex R. Chang, Jamie A. Green, H. Lester Kirchner, Kevin Ho; Grampian Laboratory Outcomes, Morbidity and Mortality Studies – 2 (GLOMMS2): Angharad Marks, Corri Black, Gordon J. Prescott, Nick Fluck; Gonryo Study: Masaaki Nakayama, Mariko Miyazaki, Tae Yamamoto, Gen Yamada; Hong Kong CKD Studies: Angela Yee-Moon Wang, Sharon Cheung, Sharon Wong, Jessie Chu, Henry Wu; Ontario Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Provincial Kidney, Dialysis and Transplantation program (ICES KDT): Amit X. Garg, Eric McArthur, Danielle M. Nash; Maccabi Health System: Varda Shalev, Gabriel Chodick; Multifactorial Approach and Superior Treatment Efficacy in Renal Patients with the Aid of a Nurse Practitioner (MASTERPLAN): Peter J. Blankestijn, Jack F.M. Wetzels, Arjan D. van Zuilen, Jan A. van den Brand; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD): Andrew S. Levey, Lesley A. Inker, Mark J. Sarnak, Hocine Tighiouart; Nanjing CKD Network Cohort Study (Nanjing CKD): Haitao Zhang; NephroTest Study (NephroTest): Benedicte Stengel, Marie Metzger, Martin Flamant, Pascal Houillier, Jean-Philippe Haymann; National Renal Healthcare Program – Uruguay (NRHP-URU): Pablo G. Rios, Nelson Mazzuchi, Liliana Gadola, Veronica Lamadrid, Laura Sola; New Zealand Diabetes Cohort Study (NZDCS): John F. Collins, C. Raina Elley, Timothy Kenealy; Parcours de Soins des Personnes Agees (PSPA): Olivier Moranne, Cecile Couchoud, Cecile Vigneau; Primary-Secondary Care Partnership to Prevent Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (PSP CKD): Nigel J. Brunskill, Rupert W. Major, David Shepherd, James F. Medcalf; Racial and Cardiovascular Risk Anomalies in CKD Cohort (RCAV): Csaba P. Kovesdy, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Miklos Z. Molnar, Keiichi Sumida, Praveen K. Potukuchi; Reduction of Endpoints in Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL): Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Dick de Zeeuw, Barry Brenner; Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements Cohort (SCREAM): Juan Jesus Carrero, Alessandro Gasparini, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Carl-Gustaf Elinder; Second Manifestations of ARTerial Disease Study (SMART): Frank L.J. Visseren, Yolanda van der Graaf; Swedish Renal Registry CKD Cohort (SRR CKD): Marie Evans, Maria Stendahl, Staffan Schon, Marten Segelmark, Karl-Goran Prutz; Sunnybrook Cohort: David M. Naimark, Navdeep Tangri; West of Scotland CKD Study: Patrick B. Mark, Jamie P. Traynor, Colin C. Geddes, Peter C. Thomson.• CKD Prognosis Consortium Steering Committee: Alex R. Chang, Josef Coresh (Chair), Ron T. Gansevoort, Morgan E. Grams, Anna Kottgen, Andrew S. Levey, Kunihiro Matsushita, Mark Woodward, Luxia Zhang.• CKD Prognosis Consortium Data Coordinating Center: Shoshana H. Ballew (Assistant Project Director), Jingsha Chen (Programmer), Josef Coresh (Principal Investigator), Morgan E. Grams (Director of Nephrology Initiatives), Lucia Kwak (Programmer), Kunihiro Matsushita (Director), Yingying Sang (Lead Programmer), Aditya Surapaneni (Programmer), Mark Woodward (Senior Statistician).• Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference on Prognosis and Optimal Management of Patients with Advanced CKD: Kai-Uwe Eckardt (Conference Co-Chair), Brenda R. Hemmelgarn (Conference Co-Chair), David C. Wheeler (KDIGO Co-Chair), Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer (KDIGO Co-Chair), John Davis (CEO), Danielle Green (Managing Director), Michael Cheung (Chief Scientific Officer), Tanya Green (Communications Director), Melissa McMahan (Programs Director).
Published: 2018
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13. The epidemiological signature of influenza B virus and its B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the 21st century

Author: John Paget, Olga Bessonova, Joseph S. Bresee, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Binay Thapa, Francisco José de Paula Júnior, Jenny Lara Araya, Florette K. Treurnicht, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Brechla Moreno Arévalo, Zhibin Peng, Raquel Guiomar, Gabriela Kusznierz, Q. Sue Huang, Herman Kosasih, Antonino Bella, Doménica de Mora, Rakhee Palekar, Olha Holubka, Maria R. Castrucci, Rudevelinda Rivera, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Gideon O. Emukule, Rodrigo Fasce, Rocio Higueros, Sandra S. Chaves, Fatima el Falaki, Mai T. Q. Le, Herve A. Kadjo, Patricia Bustos, Luzhao Feng, Ainash Makusheva, Vernon J. Lee, Richard Njouom, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Coulibaly Daouda, Gé Donker, Alfredo Bruno, Alla Mironenko, Cheryl Cohen, Jean-Michel Heraud, Li Wei Ang, Sonam Wangchuk, Mónica Jeannette Barahona de Gámez, Maria Zambon, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Angel Balmaseda, Lynnette Brammer, Amal Barakat, Richard Pebody, Adam Meijer, Verònica Vera Garate, Tim Wood, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research [Utrecht] (NIVEL), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Dr. Emilio Coni [Santa Fe, Argentina] (INER), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], Ministry of Health [Brasília, Brazil], Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Public Health England [London], Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), US Naval Medical Research Unit No.2 [Jakarta, Indonesia] (NAMRU-2), Naval Medical Research Center [Silver Spring, USA] (NMRC), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Institut National de Santé Publique d'Abidjan-INSP, Ministry of Healthcare [Kazakhstan], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Kenya], Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut National d'Hygiène [Maroc], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Pan American Health Organization [Washington] (PAHO), Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud [Panamá], Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Ministry of Health [Singapore], National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Sanofi Pasteur [Lyon, France], The study is supported by a research grant from Sanofi Pasteur: the ‘Global Epidemiology of Influenza B’ research project. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for two authors (CEGS and JP) but did not have any additional role in the data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., The 'Global Influenza B Study team' (group authorship) includes the following scientists: Juan Manuel Rudi (jmrudi@anlis.gov.ar), National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Emilio Coni', Santa Fe, Argentina, Dorji Wangchuk (dorjiwangchuk@health.gov.bt) and Sangay Zangmo (szangmo@health.gov.bt), Royal Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan, Daiana Araujo da Silva (daiana.silva@saude.gov.br), Ministry of Health, Department of Surveillance of Transmissible Diseases, Brasília/DF, Brazil, Winston Andrade (wandrade@ispch.cl), Sub-Department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Jiandong Zheng (zhengjd@chinacdc.cn) and Ying Qin (qinying@chinacdc.cn), Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China, Joanna Ellis (joanna.ellis@phe.gov.uk), Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, Simona Puzelli (simona.puzelli@iss.it), National Influenza Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy, Caterina Rizzo (rizzocaterina@gmail.com), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy, Linus Ndegwa (ikf7@cdc.gov), Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya, Marit MA de Lange (marit.de.lange@rivm.nl) and Anne C. Teirlinck (anne.teirlinck@rivm.nl), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Jeffery Cutter (jeffery_cutter@moh.gov.sg) and Raymond Tzer Pin Lin (raymond_lin@moh.gov.sg), Public Health Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore, Than T. Le (lmot82@yahoo.com), National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Peter Kinuthia 42 (polorien@gmail.com), IHRC Inc., Atlanta, USA.
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, Infecções Respiratórias, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, Seasonal influenza, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Influenza B virus, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Northern Hemisphere, Vaccines, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary, Geography, MESH: Influenza, Human, virus diseases, Medical microbiology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Population Surveillance, Viruses, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Medicine, Southern Hemisphere, Female, Age distribution, Seasons, Pathogens, MESH: History, 21st Century, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Disease Control, Science, MESH: Influenza A virus, Biology, Microbiology, History, 21st Century, Virus, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, Population Metrics, Influenza, Human, medicine, Influenza viruses, Humans, Epidemics, MESH: Epidemics, Disease burden, MESH: Humans, Biology and life sciences, Population Biology, Organisms, Viral pathogens, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Estados de Saúde e de Doença, Virology, Influenza, MESH: Male, Microbial pathogens, Earth sciences, Influenza B virus, Vaccine mismatch, 030104 developmental biology, Virus type, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, Geographic areas, MESH: Seasons, MESH: Female, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Free PMC article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31513690/ We describe the epidemiological characteristics, pattern of circulation, and geographical distribution of influenza B viruses and its lineages using data from the Global Influenza B Study. We included over 1.8 million influenza cases occurred in thirty-one countries during 2000-2018. We calculated the proportion of cases caused by influenza B and its lineages; determined the timing of influenza A and B epidemics; compared the age distribution of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata cases; and evaluated the frequency of lineage-level mismatch for the trivalent vaccine. The median proportion of influenza cases caused by influenza B virus was 23.4%, with a tendency (borderline statistical significance, p = 0.060) to be higher in tropical vs. temperate countries. Influenza B was the dominant virus type in about one every seven seasons. In temperate countries, influenza B epidemics occurred on average three weeks later than influenza A epidemics; no consistent pattern emerged in the tropics. The two B lineages caused a comparable proportion of influenza B cases globally, however the B/Yamagata was more frequent in temperate countries, and the B/Victoria in the tropics (p = 0.048). B/Yamagata patients were significantly older than B/Victoria patients in almost all countries. A lineage-level vaccine mismatch was observed in over 40% of seasons in temperate countries and in 30% of seasons in the tropics. The type B virus caused a substantial proportion of influenza infections globally in the 21st century, and its two virus lineages differed in terms of age and geographical distribution of patients. These findings will help inform health policy decisions aiming to reduce disease burden associated with seasonal influenza. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2019
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14. Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination?

Author: Marietjie Venter, Juan Yang, Simona Puzelli, Antonino Bella, Joshua A. Mott, Rodrigo Fasce, Coulibaly Daouda, Jenny Lara, Hongjie Yu, Winston Andrade, Selim Badur, Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques, François G. Schellevis, Jean-Michel Heraud, Akerke Ospanova, Sonam Wangchuk, Brechla Moreno, Herve A. Kadjo, Raymond T. P. Lin, Juan Manuel Rudi, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Gabriela Kusznierz, Joseph S. Bresee, Cheryl Cohen, Mai thi Quynh Le, Rhonda Owen, Maria Zambon, Maria Luisa Matute, Kunzang Dorji, Kate Pennington, Global Influenza B Study, Herman Kosasih, Nurhayati, Alla Mironenko, Ming Li, Angel Balmaseda, Alexey Clara, Alfredo Bruno, Richard Njouom, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Celina de Lozano, Luzhao Feng, Olha Holubka, Amal Barakat, Lyazzat Kiyanbekova, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Meral Akcay Ciblak, Raquel Guiomar, Richard Pebody, Leticia Castillo, Gideon O. Emukule, Liza Lopez, Doménica de Mora, Jeffery Cutter, Q. Sue Huang, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Abderrahman Bimohuen, John Paget, Lynnette Brammer, General practice, EMGO - Quality of care, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Istanbul University, Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Ministry of Health [Morocco], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), US Centers for Disease Control, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto nacional de saude, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Astana Center of Sanitary Epidemiology Expertise, US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 'Dr. Emilio Coni', Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), National Influenza Center, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia (DHAISS), Public Health England [London], National Institute of Health, University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. The study sponsor had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The study sponsor had no access to the data in the study.
Subjects: Infecções Respiratórias, Influenza Viruses, Epidemiology, Gripe, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, DRIVERS, Estados de Saúde, Public and Occupational Health, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, lcsh:Science, MESH: Influenza B virus, Northern Hemisphere, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Geography, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Global Influenza B Study, MESH: Tropical Climate, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Immunology, Disease Surveillance, SEASONAL INFLUENZA, Microbiology, Influenza Vaccin, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza Vaccination, SURVEILLANCE, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, Science & Technology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Correction, Influenza a, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, Virology, Influenza, MADAGASCAR, lcsh:Q, Preventive Medicine, People and places, Demography, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Tropical climate, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, 030212 general & internal medicine, Multidisciplinary, Medical microbiology, Vaccination and Immunization, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Viruses, Human mortality from H5N1, Southern Hemisphere, Seasons, Pathogens, Brazil, Research Article, Infectious Disease Control, General Science & Technology, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Influenza A virus, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], MD Multidisciplinary, Influenza, Human, Temperate climate, medicine, Tropical Climate, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Viral pathogens, Tropics, MESH: Vaccination, South America, Seasonality, Earth sciences, Influenza B virus, Infectious Disease Surveillance, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Geographic areas, MESH: Seasons, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Erratum in - Correction: Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination? PLoS One. 2016 May 2;11(5):e0155089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155089. Introduction: Determining the optimal time to vaccinate is important for influenza vaccination programmes. Here, we assessed the temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres and in the tropics, and discuss their implications for vaccination programmes. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data between 2000 and 2014 from the Global Influenza B Study database. The seasonal peak of influenza was defined as the week with the most reported cases (overall, A, and B) in the season. The duration of seasonal activity was assessed using the maximum proportion of influenza cases during three consecutive months and the minimum number of months with 80% of cases in the season. We also assessed whether co-circulation of A and B virus types affected the duration of influenza epidemics. Results: 212 influenza seasons and 571,907 cases were included from 30 countries. In tropical countries, the seasonal influenza activity lasted longer and the peaks of influenza A and B coincided less frequently than in temperate countries. Temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics were heterogeneous in the tropics, with distinct seasonal epidemics observed only in some countries. Seasons with co-circulation of influenza A and B were longer than influenza A seasons, especially in the tropics. Discussion: Our findings show that influenza seasonality is less well defined in the tropics than in temperate regions. This has important implications for vaccination programmes in these countries. High-quality influenza surveillance systems are needed in the tropics to enable decisions about when to vaccinate. The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2016
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15. International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease cohort studies (iNET-CKD): a global network of chronic kidney disease cohorts

Author: Elke Schaeffner, Paula Orlandi, Adeera Levin, Bénédicte Stengel, Lisa Nessel, Franz Schaefer, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Gert Mayer, Harold I. Feldman, Christoph Wanner, Naohiko Fujii, Luxia Zhang, Shona Methven, Laura Sola, Thomas Dienemann, Wendy E. Hoy, Seiichi Matsuo, Susan L. Furth, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension [Erlangen, Germany], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology [Philadelphia], Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Division of Pediatric Nephrology [Philadelphia, USA], Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Centre for Chronic Disease [Queensland, Australia], University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Nephrology [Nagoya, Japan], Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine [Japon], Nephrology and Hypertension [Innsbruck, Austria], Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), School of Clinical Sciences [Bristol, U.K.], University of Bristol [Bristol], Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute of Public Health [Berlin, Germany], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Directora Division Epidemiologia [Montevideo, Uruguay], Ministerio de Salud Publica, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Division of Nephrology [Würzburg, Germany], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Renal Division [Beijing, China], Peking University First Hospital [China]-Peking University Institute of Nephrology [China], Division of Nephrology [Vancouver, BC, Canada], University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Medicine [Philadelphia, USA], BMC, BMC, University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania, Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), and Peking University [Beijing]
Subjects: Gerontology, Biomedical Research, Epidemiology, International Cooperation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, Ethnic group, Network, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Severity of Illness Index, Social Networking, 0302 clinical medicine, 610 Medical sciences Medicine, Medizinische Fakultät, Global health, Prospective Studies, Registries, Prospective cohort study, Child, Diversity, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Natural history, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Observational Studies as Topic, Nephrology, Research Design, Child, Preschool, Disease Progression, Cohort study, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, medicine, CKD, Humans, ddc:610, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Intensive care medicine, Aged, business.industry, Public health, medicine.disease, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Observational study, business, Kidney disease, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden, yet it is still underrepresented within public health agendas in many countries. Studies focusing on the natural history of CKD are challenging to design and conduct, because of the long time-course of disease progression, a wide variation in etiologies, and a large amount of clinical variability among individuals with CKD. With the difference in health-related behaviors, healthcare delivery, genetics, and environmental exposures, this variability is greater across countries than within one locale and may not be captured effectively in a single study. Methods Studies were invited to join the network. Prerequisites for membership included: 1) observational designs with a priori hypotheses and defined study objectives, patient-level information, prospective data acquisition and collection of bio-samples, all focused on predialysis CKD patients; 2) target sample sizes of 1,000 patients for adult cohorts and 300 for pediatric cohorts; and 3) minimum follow-up of three years. Participating studies were surveyed regarding design, data, and biosample resources. Results Twelve prospective cohort studies and two registries covering 21 countries were included. Participants age ranges from >2 to >70 years at inclusion, CKD severity ranges from stage 2 to stage 5. Patient data and biosamples (not available in the registry studies) are measured yearly or biennially. Many studies included multiple ethnicities; cohort size ranges from 400 to more than 13,000 participants. Studies’ areas of emphasis all include but are not limited to renal outcomes, such as progression to ESRD and death. Conclusions iNET-CKD (International Network of CKD cohort studies) was established, to promote collaborative research, foster exchange of expertise, and create opportunities for research training. Participating studies have many commonalities that will facilitate comparative research; however, we also observed substantial differences. The diversity we observed across studies within this network will be able to be leveraged to identify genetic, behavioral, and health services factors associated with the course of CKD. With an emerging infrastructure to facilitate interactions among the investigators of iNET-CKD and a broadly defined research agenda, we are confident that there will be great opportunity for productive collaborative investigations involving cohorts of individuals with CKD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-016-0335-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016
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16. Homeopathy in Cuban epidemic neuropathy: an open clinical trial

Author: Carlos Montes Serrano, J Cairo, Jacques Barnouin, Fleites P, A Araoz, B E Elliot, M Morales, J L Alvarez, T Verdura, M Sanchez, J J Veillard, Instituto Finlay, Partenaires INRAE, Hospital Abel Santamaria, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro National de Toxicologia, Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiologia, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, Ministerio de Salud Publica, and Homeopathic physician
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Optic Neuritis, Visual acuity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Peri, Pilot Projects, Disease Outbreaks, Optic neuropathy, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology, business.industry, Colour Vision, Vitamin therapy, Cuba, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Homeopathic treatment, Homeopathy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Complementary and alternative medicine, Materia Medica, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: In an outbreak of epidemic neuropathy (EN) in Cuba (1992–1993), most patients were improved by vitamin therapy. In subjects with residual symptoms, alternative treatments including homeopathy were suggested to ameliorate optic and peripheral signs of the disease. An open clinical pilot trial was conducted on 31 patients with long standing symptoms of optic (OPTI group, n=15) or peripheral EN (PERI group, n=16). During the trial, OPTI and PERI patients continued the same treatment that they received before. Carboneum sulphuratum and Tabacum in homeopathic dilutions were administered for 30 days. These medicines are specific to optic EN, but not closely linked with peripheral EN. Clinical status was evaluated by neurological and ophthalmologic tests at diagnosis (Ddiag), 7 days before homeopathic treatment (D0) and 90 days after (D90). From D0 to D90, the percentages of improvement were 73.3% for the OPTI form and 12.5% for the PERI form. The percentage of improved OPTI patients was significantly higher after the homeopathic treatment vs the period between Ddiag and D0 for optical EN (P0.05). In the OPTI group, colour vision, visual acuity and visual field improved after homeopathic treatment (P0.05). Carboneum sulphuratum and Tabacum showed a reasonable effectiveness in optical EN, but were not effective in PERI EN.
Published: 2001
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17. Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 acute infection shows a signature of Th17- and IFN-γ-mediated immunity

Author: Juan Martín Marqués, Jean-Claude Sirard, Teresa Camou, François-Xavier Pellay, Analía Rial, Hélène Léger, Arndt Benecke, Laurye Van Maele, José A. Chabalgoity, Natalia Muñoz, Laboratory for Vaccine Research (LVR), Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica Oriental, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Laboratorios del Ministerio de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Publica, ECOS-Sud (U08S02), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Sirard, Jean-Claude
Subjects: Neutrophils, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Th17 Cells, MESH: Interleukin-17, MESH: Neutrophils, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Antibodies, Bacterial, MESH: Up-Regulation, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Animals, MESH: Pneumococcal Infections, MESH: Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Lung, 0303 health sciences, Interleukin-17, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Hematology, Antibodies, Bacterial, Up-Regulation, 3. Good health, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Cytokine, Pneumococcal pneumonia, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Antibody, MESH: Streptococcus pneumoniae, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Interferon-gamma, Immunology, Biology, Pneumococcal Infections, Microbiology, Interferon-gamma, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, Immunity, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Lung, MESH: Mice, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Lethal dose, Microarray Analysis, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Pneumonia, MESH: Microarray Analysis, MESH: Cytoprotection, Cytoprotection, biology.protein, Th17 Cells, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Acute pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of child mortality. Antibodies are considered the main effectors of protection in this clinical presentation of pneumococcal invasive disease. To get new insights into the mechanisms involved in the protective immunity, we established a murine experimental model of protection against acute pneumococcal pneumonia and then evaluated the transcriptional, humoral and cellular responses in protected and non-protected animals. We found that intranasal inoculation of a sublethal dose of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 conferred complete protection against a subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of the same strain. Sublethal infection elicited a strong IgM and IgG antibody response against the capsular polysaccharide, as assessed one week later, and an exacerbated influx of neutrophils into the lungs immediately after the lethal challenge. Genome-wide microarray-based transcriptional analysis of whole lungs showed 149 differentially expressed genes among which we found upregulation of Il17a, Ifng and several IL-17A- and IFN-γ-related genes in protected versus non-protected mice. Kinetics analysis showed higher expression levels of Il17a in protected animals at all time points whereas Ifng was upregulated early in the protected mice and later in the non-protected animals. Intracelluar cytokine staining demonstrated that CD4(+) T cells account for a great proportion of the IL-17A produced in the lungs of protected animals. Overall, these results showed that an upregulation of IL-17A- and a timely regulation of IFN-γ-related gene expression, together with development of a Th17 response, are relevant characteristics of the protective immunity against S. pneumoniae acute pneumonia.
Published: 2012
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18. Dengue-3 outbreak in Paraguay: investigations using capillary blood samples on filter paper

Author: Xavier Deparis, David Moua, Bhety Labeau, Romain Girod, Anne Lavergne, Philippe Dussart, Séverine Matheus, Jean-Baptiste Meynard, Vincent Lacoste, Centre National de Référence pour les Arbovirus - Laboratoire de Virologie [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'Epidémiologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Département d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Institut de Médecine Tropicale et de santé publique, This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur de la Guyane., and We are grateful to Norma Coluchi of the Laboratorio Central de Salud Publica/Virology Department, and to Gualberto Pinanez, Maria Angelica Barbosa, and Cesia Feltes of the Ministerio de Salud Publica/Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud for their help in collecting data and samples in Paraguay.
Subjects: Serotype, Paper, 030231 tropical medicine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, MESH: Dengue, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Dengue Virus, Dengue fever, Serology, Disease Outbreaks, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Field screening, Virology, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Dried blood, Antigens, Viral, MESH: Paraguay, MESH: Humans, Filter paper, business.industry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Outbreak, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Paraguay, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Parasitology, MESH: Paper, business, MESH: Antigens, Viral
Abstract: International audience; During a dengue-3 outbreak in Paraguay at the beginning of 2007, capillary blood samples absorbed onto filter papers were collected from 44 suspected cases. These samples were subjected to three molecular and serologic tests, and 31 of the 44 samples gave a positive result by at least one of the techniques used. Molecular analyses detected the dengue-3 serotype in 22 patients and additionally the dengue-2 serotype in two patients. Therefore two different serotypes were co-circulating during this outbreak. Overall, this study validates the use of dried-blood samples for field screening investigations. Indeed, all types of laboratory studies of dengue were possible with samples consisting of a few drops of dried blood from finger pricks.
Published: 2008
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19. Deterministic modeling of the size of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cuba

Author: Hector de Arazoza, Rachid Lounes, Ying-Hen Hsieh, Jose Joanes, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Mathématiques et Informatique ( UPD5 Mathématiques Informatique ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Matematica y Computacion ( MATCOM ), Universidad de La Habana [Cuba], Facultad de Matematica y Computacion, Department of Applied Mathematics, National Chung University Taiwan, National Chung Hsing University, Ministerio de Salud Publica, Dept of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, C. Huber, N. Limnios, M. Mesbah, M. Nikulin, Lounes, Rachid, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 (MAP5), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Mathématiques et Informatique (UPD5 Mathématiques Informatique), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Matematica y Computacion (MATCOM), C. Huber, N. Limnios, M. Mesbah, M. Nikulin, and National Chung Hsing University (NCHU)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, 0206 medical engineering, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Intervention (counseling), medicine, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], business.industry, [ STAT.AP ] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Cuba, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Underreporting rate, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, HIV/AIDS, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Contact Tracing, business, Hiv aids epidemic, 020602 bioinformatics, Contact tracing, Mathematical Model
Abstract: The objective is to model the contact tracing aspect of the HIV detection system, to try to obtain some information that could be useful to the Health System in Cuba in evaluating the way the program is working, and to ascertain its usefulness in terms of intervention and treatment of HIV. Other models have been used to study the effect of contact tracing with this objective in mind . However, these were essentially linear models. We will now introduce non-linearity to model contact tracing. We will also discuss the implications of our results for the purpose of intervention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in Cuba, and to estimate the size of the epidemic in Cuba.
Published: 2008

20. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cuba: description and tentative explanation of its low HIV prevalence

Author: Jorge Pérez, Camille Legeai, Bertran Auvert, Rachid Lounes, Stéphan Clémençon, Jose Joanes, Hector de Arazoza, Matematica y Computacion (MATCOM), Universidad de La Habana [Cuba], Ministerio de Salud Publica, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 (MAP5), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Facultad de Matematica y Computacion, Universidad de La Habana, Service de biochimie, d'hormonologie et de génétique moléculaire [CHU Amrboise Paré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation aléatoire de Paris X (MODAL'X), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Méthodologies d'Analyse de Risque Alimentaire (MET@RISK), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Pedro Kouri», Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Pedro Kouri» Cuba, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ACI-NIM 177, Inserm, Service de biochimie, d'hormonologie et de génétique moléculaire, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires ( LPMA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Modélisation aléatoire de Paris X ( MODAL'X ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Méthodologies d'Analyse de Risque Alimentaire ( MET@RISK ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique ( IFR 69 ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Lounes, Rachid
Subjects: Male, Prevalence, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Condoms, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Pregnancy, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Homosexuality, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Cuba, virus diseases, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, Hiv prevalence, 3. Good health, Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sexual Partners, Infectious Diseases, Female, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HIV Seroprevalence, Caribbean region, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Statistiques (Mathématiques), [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Homosexuality, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 030505 public health, business.industry, medicine.disease, Virology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Hiv aids epidemic, Cuban HIV/AIDS epidemic, Demography
Abstract: Background The Cuban HIV/AIDS epidemic has the lowest prevalence rate of the Caribbean region. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cuba and to explore the reasons for this low prevalence. Methods Data were obtained from the Cuban HIV/AIDS programme established in 1983. This programme has an extensive adult HIV testing policy, including testing of all pregnant women. HIV and AIDS cases have been recorded since 1986. Persons found to be HIV-positive are interviewed on their sexual behaviour and partners. Tracing and voluntary testing of these partners are organised. Epidemiological description of this epidemic was obtained from analysis of this data set. Using elementary mathematical analyses, we estimated the coverage of the detection system (percentage of HIV-positive adults detected) and the average period between HIV infection and detection. Estimated HIV prevalence rates were corrected to account for the coverage. Results HIV prevalence has increased since 1996. In 2005, the prevalence among pregnant women was 1.2 per 10,000 (16/137000). Estimated HIV prevalence among 15- to 49-year-olds was 8.1 per 10,000 (4913/6065000; 95%CI: 7.9 per 10,000 – 8.3 per 10,000). Most (77%) of the HIV-positive adults were men, most (85.1%) of the detected HIV-positive men were reported as having sex with men (MSM), and most of the HIV-positive women reported having had sex with MSM. The average period between HIV infection and detection was estimated to be 2.1 years (IQR = 1.7 – 2.2 years). We estimated that, for the year 2005, 79.6% (IQR: 77.3 – 81.4%) of the HIV-positive persons were detected. Conclusion MSM drive the HIV epidemic in Cuba. The extensive HIV testing policy may be an important factor in explaining the low HIV prevalence. To reduce the HIV epidemic in Cuba, the epidemic among MSM should be addressed. To understand this epidemic further, data on sexual behaviour should be collected. Now that antiretroviral therapy is more widely available, the Cuban policy, based on intensive HIV testing and tracing of partners, may be considered as a possible policy to control HIV/AIDS epidemics in other countries.
Published: 2007
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21. A Class of Methods for HIV Contact Tracing in Cuba: Implications for Intervention and Treatment

Author: Hsieh, Ying-Hen, Arazoza, Hector De, Lounes, Rachid, Joanes, Jose, Department of Applied Mathematics, National Chung Hsing University Taiwan, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Facultad de Matematica y Computacion, Universidad de La Habana, Universidad de La Habana [Cuba], Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 (MAP5), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Mathématiques et Informatique (UPD5 Mathématiques Informatique), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Ministerio de Salud Publica, Dept of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, ACI-NIM 177, National Science Council (Taiwan), Dpt. Tecnologa Electrnica, E.T.S. Ingeniera Telecomunicacin, Universidad de Mlaga, Spain, Wai-Yuan Tan & Hulin Wu, National Chung Hsing University Taiwan, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Mathématiques et Informatique ( UPD5 Mathématiques Informatique ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), and Lounes, Rachid
Subjects: [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], HAART, intervention measures, 05 social sciences, [ STAT.AP ] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], HIV, Cuba, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 02 engineering and technology, contact tracing, AIDS, [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, basic reproduction number, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 050203 business & management, mathematical model
Abstract: A class of four linear and nonlinear di®erential equations models is given to describe the detection of HIV-positive individuals in Cuba through random screening and contact tracing. The basic reproduction number is obtained for each of the four models. Cuban HIV data from 1986 to 2002 are used to ¯t the models for the purpose of comparison. We also use the models to gauge the di®erence in detection time through random screening and contact tracing. Remarks on the implications for intervention measures and treatment of people living with HIV in Cuba are also given.
Published: 2005

22. The Effects of City Streets on an Urban Disease Vector

Author: Javier E. Quintanilla Calderón, Michael J. Levy, César Náquira, Dylan S. Small, Corentin M. Barbu, Karthik Sethuraman, Victor R. Quispe-Machaca, Juan G. Cornejo del Carpio, Jenny Ancca-Juarez, Andrew E. Hong, Jennifer Manne, Fernando S. Malaga Chavez, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Ministerio de Salud Publica, National Institutes of Health (NIH) :5K01 AI079162-04, 5K01 AI079162-05, 3K01AI079162-02S1, 3K01AI079162-03S1, P50 AI074285-03, P50 AI074285-04, and Levy, Michael Z
Subjects: Chagas disease, Spatial Epidemiology, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Modeling, Disease Vectors, city planning, 0302 clinical medicine, Peru, Geoinformatics, 11. Sustainability, Statistics, traffic and transport, Spatial and Landscape Ecology, Triatoma, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Epidemiological Methods, Triatoma infestans, spatial dynamics, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, public health, dynamics, Grid, spatial autocorrelation analysis, Spatial Autocorrelation, Latent class model, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, Medicine, Public Health, infestation, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Disease Ecology, Infectious Disease Control, probability, 030231 tropical medicine, vector control, Context (language use), Microbiology, Vector Biology, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Unit (housing), purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.16 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Urbanization, Genetics, cross-sectional study, Animals, Humans, Chagas Disease, Gaussian field latent class model, Urban Ecology, Statistical Methods, Biology, Molecular Biology, Spatial analysis, housing, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, pesticide spraying, 030304 developmental biology, Population Biology, City block, statistical model, Urban Health, Computational Biology, Vectors and Hosts, Field (geography), lcsh:Biology (General), Computer Science, species distribution, Population Ecology, Infectious Disease Modeling, Zoology, Entomology, Mathematics, urban area
Abstract: With increasing urbanization vector-borne diseases are quickly developing in cities, and urban control strategies are needed. If streets are shown to be barriers to disease vectors, city blocks could be used as a convenient and relevant spatial unit of study and control. Unfortunately, existing spatial analysis tools do not allow for assessment of the impact of an urban grid on the presence of disease agents. Here, we first propose a method to test for the significance of the impact of streets on vector infestation based on a decomposition of Moran's spatial autocorrelation index; and second, develop a Gaussian Field Latent Class model to finely describe the effect of streets while controlling for cofactors and imperfect detection of vectors. We apply these methods to cross-sectional data of infestation by the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Our Moran's decomposition test reveals that the distribution of T. infestans in this urban environment is significantly constrained by streets (p, Author Summary Chagas disease is a major parasitic disease in Latin America. It is transmitted by Triatoma infestans an insect common in Arequipa, the second largest city in Peru. We propose a method to demonstrate that streets strongly affect the spatial distribution of infestation by this insect in Arequipa. The effect of streets may be due to several external factors: 1) houses on different sides of a street may not be equally welcoming to the insects due to the presence of certain materials or animals, 2) people inspecting houses on the two sides of a street may not be equally efficient, and, 3) insects may disperse to neighboring houses but rarely reach houses across a street. We take these aspects into account in a second analysis and confirm that streets are important barriers to these insects. Our finding should allow for improvements in the control of insects that transmit Chagas disease in cities. More generally, our methods can be applied to other pests and disease vectors to better understand and control epidemics in cities.
Published: 2013
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23. A U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) overview of Pan American botanicals used in dietary supplements and herbal medicines.

Author: Upton R, Agudelo I, Cabrera Y, Caceres A, Calderón A, Calzada F, Camacho R, da Costa F, Dobrecky C, Enciso R, Escobar M, Fakhary M, Fletcher E, Gao Q, Lock O, Mata R, Parada M, Perera W, Pombo LM, Reich E, Sanchez E, Simirgiotis MJ, Sood C, Amiguet VT, Villar M, Ghelman R, Schveitzer MC, Portella CFS, Wolffenbüttel A, Ruppelt B, Frickmann FS, Gavillan-Suarez J, Allen K, Alvarado LD, Sarma N, Marles R, Monagas M, and Navarro-Hoyos M
Abstract: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) is a nonprofit, scientific, standard-setting organization, and world leader in establishing quality, purity, and testing standards for medicines, foods, and dietary supplements. USP quality standards are used in more than 140 countries and are legally recognized by more than 40 countries. Currently, there is renewed interest in herbal medicines globally, and health policies are being implemented worldwide for the use of complementary and traditional medicine. In response, USP has developed a robust body of monographs that can be used to guide industry and regulators in ensuring the quality and safety of botanical ingredients used in dietary supplements and herbal medicines. Throughout the Pan American regions, there is a strong tradition of using botanicals as herbal medicines and, as in other regions, a growing desire for botanical dietary supplements. This underscores the need for public quality standards to ensure quality, reduce the flow of substandard and adulterated products, and ensure public health and safety. In April 2022, USP launched the Pan America Botanical Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines Expert Panel, with experts representing 12 different countries. The Expert Panel's work focuses on developing quality control standards for the most important botanical ingredients used in the respective countries, ingredients that are also of global importance. This article provides an overview of the state of botanical dietary supplements and herbal medicines in different Pan American regions with a focus on the regulatory status of herbal products, the development of national quality and research initiatives, and policies related to agriculture conservation and sustainability, among other topics., Competing Interests: Author MF was employed by Pharmavite LLC. Author EF was employed by Native Botanicals Inc. Author WP was employed by CAMAG Scientific Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Upton, Agudelo, Cabrera, Caceres, Calderón, Calzada, Camacho, da Costa, Dobrecky, Enciso, Escobar, Fakhary, Fletcher, Gao, Lock, Mata, Parada, Perera, Pombo, Reich, Sanchez, Simirgiotis, Sood, Amiguet, Villar, Ghelman, Schveitzer, Portella, Wolffenbüttel, Ruppelt, Frickmann, Gavillan-Suarez, Allen, Alvarado, Sarma, Marles, Monagas and Navarro-Hoyos.)
Published: 2024
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24. Anemia and intestinal parasites in Mbya Guarani children, Misiones, Argentina.

Author: Deschutter EJ, Marczuk RK, Blanco NG, and Ramos-Rincón JM
Subjects: Humans, Argentina epidemiology, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Prevalence, Infant, Adolescent, Socioeconomic Factors, Indians, South American statistics & numerical data, Feces parasitology, Risk Factors, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic epidemiology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic parasitology, Anemia epidemiology, Anemia parasitology
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia in children of two Guarani communities in Misiones, Argentina, and to analyze its association with socioenvironmental and parasitic factors. This cross-sectional study took place in two villages, Koen Ju and Kaa Poty, and included Mbya Guarani children aged 6 months to 14 years. A multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the association of anemia with the presence of intestinal parasites. Altogether, 162 children were included in the study: 53.1% were boys, 32.7% had low weight-for-age, and 22.2% low height-for-age. Nearly half (46.9%, n=76) had anemia, which was mainly mild (92.1%), with a few moderate cases (7.9%). Of the 109 children who underwent testing for intestinal parasites, 89 (81.7%) had at least one, and 53 (59.5%) had more than one. The main parasite was Blastocystis hominis (49.5%), followed by Entamoeba coli (47.7%), hookworms (36.7%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (31.5%). In the multivariable analysis, anemia was associated with intestinal parasitosis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-16.5; p=0.038) and male sex (adjusted OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.08-6.47; p= 0.01). Overall, we found that both anemia and intestinal parasites are common in the pediatric population of the Guarani ethnic group. Intestinal parasites and male sex were associated with the presence of anemia.
Published: 2024
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25. Food insecurity and sociodemographic factors in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author: Novoa-Sanzana S, Moya-Osorio J, Morejón Terán Y, Ríos-Castillo I, Becerra Granados LM, Prada Gómez G, Ramos de Ixtacuy M, Fernández Condori RC, Nessier MC, Guerrero Gómez A, González-Céspedes L, Nava-González EJ, Pérez Ocampo L, Castillo-Albarracín AN, and Durán-Agüero S
Abstract: Objective: To understand the association of food insecurity with sociodemographic factors in a sample population in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 10 countries in Latin America using an online survey through various digital platforms from October 14, 2020 to February 15, 2021. Statistical analysis of data was performed by applying descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis., Results: Of a total of 6 357 surveys, 58.2% of respondents experienced food security, 29.3% were slightly food insecure, 9.2% were moderately food insecure, and 3.3% were severely food insecure. Concerning the association food insecurity and sociodemographic variables, there is a significant association in the variables studied, including area of residence, education level, occupation, number of persons in the household, household with children younger than 10 years of age, and socioeconomic level., Conclusions: These findings indicate that sociodemographic factors associated with food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America were rural residence; complete and incomplete basic and secondary schooling; occupation (homemaker, unemployed, and self-employed); low, medium-low, and medium socioeconomic level; household with more than four persons; and household with children younger than 10 years of age.
Published: 2024
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26. Changes in Anti-OV-16 IgG4 Responses to Onchocerciasis after Elimination of Transmission in the Central Endemic Zone of Guatemala.

Author: Cama VA, Mendizabal-Cabrera R, de Leon O, White M, McDonald C, Thiele E, Ogawa GM, Morales Z, Prince-Guerra J, Cantey P, and Rizzo N
Subjects: Humans, Guatemala epidemiology, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Ivermectin therapeutic use, Ivermectin administration & dosage, Disease Eradication methods, Endemic Diseases prevention & control, Animals, Onchocerca volvulus immunology, Young Adult, Adolescent, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Mass Drug Administration, Onchocerciasis epidemiology, Onchocerciasis transmission, Onchocerciasis immunology, Onchocerciasis prevention & control, Immunoglobulin G blood, Antibodies, Helminth blood
Abstract: Current WHO guidelines for onchocerciasis elimination provide requirements for stopping mass drug administration of ivermectin and the verification of elimination of transmission. These guidelines also recommend post-elimination surveillance (PES) based on entomological surveys. Serological markers in humans could complement entomological PES once the longevity of anti-OV-16 antibody responses is better understood. In 2014-2015 we evaluated ELISA anti-OV-16 IgG4 antibody persistence among previously seropositive people from the central endemic zone of Guatemala. The country stopped all onchocerciasis program interventions in 2012 and was verified by WHO as having eliminated transmission of onchocerciasis in 2016. A total of 246 participants with prior OV-16 ELISA results from 2003, 2006, 2007, or 2009 were enrolled in a follow-up study. Of these, 77 people were previously OV-16 seropositive and 169 were previously seronegative. By 2014 and 2015, 56 (72.7%) previously seropositive individuals had sero-reverted, whereas all previous negatives remained seronegative. The progression of antibody responses over time was estimated using a mixed-effects linear regression model, using data from seropositive participants who had sero-reverted. The temporal variation showed a mean activity unit decay of 0.20 per year (95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.17, 0.23), corresponding to an estimated antibody response half-life of 3.3 years (95% CrI: 2.7, 4.1). These findings indicate that the majority of seropositive people will sero-revert over time.
Published: 2024
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27. Is Prior Zika Virus Infection Associated With Cardiovascular Disease?

Author: Vasquez D, Palacio A, Chedraui P, Del Mar Sanchez M, Briones W, Tamariz L, and Calle MA
Abstract: Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with severe complications. Recently, reports have raised the possibility of cardiovascular complications. However, the complications that are reported are in case reports and occur immediately after infection. Our aim is to evaluate the cardiovascular complications of ZIKV infection in a younger patient population., Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort and included patients with a one-year history of prior confirmed ZIKV infection. We performed an echocardiogram, a 24-hour automated blood pressure, and a 24-hour Holter. Our primary outcome included a composite of having diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, valvular regurgitation, premature beats, or non-dipper status., Results: We included 47 patients with ZIKV and 16 patients without ZIKV. Patients with ZIKV had a similar age as controls (p>0.05). Having had a prior ZIKV infection was associated with diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular regurgitation, arrhythmias or premature beats, and non-dipper status (p<0.05). The adjusted OR of having the primary outcome was 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-2.7. After one year, IL-10 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were higher in ZIKV-infected patients compared to controls (p<0.05)., Conclusions: Our study found that young patients with a prior ZIKV infection have more echocardiographic, arrhythmic, and blood pressure changes when compared to similar-aged controls., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Vasquez et al.)
Published: 2023
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28. Description of the first global outbreak of mpox: an analysis of global surveillance data.

Author: Laurenson-Schafer H, Sklenovská N, Hoxha A, Kerr SM, Ndumbi P, Fitzner J, Almiron M, de Sousa LA, Briand S, Cenciarelli O, Colombe S, Doherty M, Fall IS, García-Calavaro C, Haussig JM, Kato M, Mahamud AR, Morgan OW, Nabeth P, Naiene JD, Navegantes WA, Ogundiran O, Okot C, Pebody R, Matsui T, Ramírez HL, Smallwood C, Tasigchana RFP, Vaughan AM, Williams GS, Mala PO, Lewis RF, Pavlin BI, and le Polain de Waroux O
Subjects: Male, Female, Humans, Homosexuality, Male, Retrospective Studies, Disease Outbreaks, Mpox (monkeypox), Sexual and Gender Minorities
Abstract: Background: In May 2022, several countries with no history of sustained community transmission of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) notified WHO of new mpox cases. These cases were soon followed by a large-scale outbreak, which unfolded across the world, driven by local, in-country transmission within previously unaffected countries. On July 23, 2022, WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Here, we aim to describe the main epidemiological features of this outbreak, the largest reported to date., Methods: In this analysis of global surveillance data we analysed data for all confirmed mpox cases reported by WHO Member States through the global surveillance system from Jan 1, 2022, to Jan 29, 2023. Data included daily aggregated numbers of mpox cases by country and a case reporting form (CRF) containing information on demographics, clinical presentation, epidemiological exposure factors, and laboratory testing. We used the data to (1) describe the key epidemiological and clinical features of cases; (2) analyse risk factors for hospitalisation (by multivariable mixed-effects binary logistic regression); and (3) retrospectively analyse transmission trends. Sequencing data from GISAID and GenBank were used to analyse monkeypox virus (MPXV) genetic diversity., Findings: Data from 82 807 cases with submitted CRFs were included in the analysis. Cases were primarily due to clade IIb MPXV (mainly lineage B.1, followed by lineage A.2). The outbreak was driven by transmission among males (73 560 [96·4%] of 76 293 cases) who self-identify as men who have sex with men (25 938 [86·9%] of 29 854 cases). The most common reported route of transmission was sexual contact (14 941 [68·7%] of 21 749). 3927 (7·3%) of 54 117 cases were hospitalised, with increased odds for those aged younger than 5 years (adjusted odds ratio 2·12 [95% CI 1·32-3·40], p=0·0020), aged 65 years and older (1·54 [1·05-2·25], p=0·026), female cases (1·61 [1·35-1·91], p<0·0001), and for cases who are immunosuppressed either due to being HIV positive and immunosuppressed (2·00 [1·68-2·37], p<0·0001), or other immunocompromising conditions (3·47 [1·84-6·54], p=0·0001)., Interpretation: Continued global surveillance allowed WHO to monitor the epidemic, identify risk factors, and inform the public health response. The outbreak can be attributed to clade IIb MPXV spread by newly described modes of transmission., Funding: WHO Contingency Fund for Emergencies., Translations: For the French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interest., (This is an Open Access article published under the CC BY 3.0 IGO license which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In any use of this article, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organisation, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. This notice should be preserved along with the article's original URL.)
Published: 2023
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29. Phylogeography and transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spanning prisons and surrounding communities in Paraguay.

Author: Sanabria GE, Sequera G, Aguirre S, Méndez J, Dos Santos PCP, Gustafson NW, Godoy M, Ortiz A, Cespedes C, Martínez G, García-Basteiro AL, Andrews JR, Croda J, and Walter KS
Subjects: Humans, Prisons, Paraguay epidemiology, Phylogeography, Prospective Studies, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis prevention & control
Abstract: Recent rises in incident tuberculosis (TB) cases in Paraguay and the increasing concentration of TB within prisons highlight the urgency of targeting strategies to interrupt transmission and prevent new infections. However, whether specific cities or carceral institutions play a disproportionate role in transmission remains unknown. We conducted prospective genomic surveillance, sequencing 471 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genomes, from inside and outside prisons in Paraguay's two largest urban areas, Asunción and Ciudad del Este, from 2016 to 2021. We found genomic evidence of frequent recent transmission within prisons and transmission linkages spanning prisons and surrounding populations. We identified a signal of frequent M. tuberculosis spread between urban areas and marked recent population size expansion of the three largest genomic transmission clusters. Together, our findings highlight the urgency of strengthening TB control programs to reduce transmission risk within prisons in Paraguay, where incidence was 70 times that outside prisons in 2021., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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30. Left-sided gallbladder 'sinistroposition' associated with an anatomical variant of cystic duct insertion: case report.

Author: Guachilema Ribadeneira A, Palacios Gordon M, Morocho S, Bahamonte EG, Basantes AD, and Parra Valverde E
Abstract: True left-sided gallbladder (LSGB) is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.1-1.2%. It is more common in women than in men at a ratio of 5:1. Its etiology is unknown, although several theories have been proposed. The symptoms are similar to those of a normal gallbladder, which makes the preoperative diagnosis difficult despite imaging studies. In most cases, the diagnosis is achieved intraoperatively. LSGB is associated with biliary anomalies, and the incidence of biliary tract lesions is high. Four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure for LSGB. Surgical technique varies according to each case. Preoperative imaging studies have low sensitivity for diagnosis, and the surgeon should be familiar with ductal and vascular anatomical variants in addition to possessing the ability to change the conventional surgical technique to optimize the exposure and minimize the risk of bile duct injury., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2022.)
Published: 2022
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31. Colonic lipoma of the hepatic flexure causing invagination in an adult.

Author: Palacios MF, Guachilema Ribadeneira A, Morocho Imbacuan S, Lisintuña Cisneros A, and Basantes AD
Abstract: Intussusception is a rare condition in adults that can lead to intestinal obstruction due to malignant or benign lesions in the wall of the colon. Among the benign causes, lipomas are adipose tissue tumors that are most frequently located in the ascending colon. Invagination is characterized by nonspecific symptoms and normal laboratory test results. The exact point of invagination can be detected using advanced imaging studies such as abdominal computed tomography and colonoscopy. Invagination is treated surgically. Here, we presented the case of a female patient with colo-colonic invagination caused by a large lipoma diagnosed by computed tomography who underwent right hemicolectomy with primary ileocolonic anastomosis., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2022.)
Published: 2022
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32. Risk Perception and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Against COVID-19 in a Hypertensive Population From a Semi-Urban City of Ecuador.

Author: Aumala T, Cardenas M, Vergara D, Vasconez M, Palacios I, and Terán E
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ecuador epidemiology, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Perception, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Hypertension epidemiology
Abstract: Background: In an elderly population with hypertension, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with a higher incidence of mortality and a protracted course of clinical symptoms. Objective: To assess the perceived risk of infection and complications due to COVID-19 in people with hypertension living in a semi-urban city of Ecuador. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey of adult outpatients with a previous diagnosis of hypertension in the semi-urban community of Conocoto in Quito, Ecuador was conducted from August to December 2020. Results: A total of 260 adult outpatients, aged 34-97 years, completed telephone surveys. Of total, 71.5% ( n = 186) of respondents were women and 28.5% ( n = 74) of respondents were men. Overall, 18.1% believe that their risk of infection is "very high," 55.4% believe that their risk of infection is "high," 21.5% believe that their risk of infection is "low," and 5% believe that their risk of infection is "very low." The perceived risk of complications, if infected by COVID-19, revealed that 21.9% believe that their risk of complication is "very high," 65.0% believe that their risk of complication is "high," 10.4% believe that their risk of complication is "low," and 2.7% believe that their risk of complication is "very low." Conclusion: Patients with hypertension are aware of the risks posed by COVID-19 infection and its impact on their health. However, the health system must educate the population on health practices and behaviors to avoid COVID-19 infection until the majority of the population of Ecuador can be vaccinated., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Aumala, Cardenas, Vergara, Vasconez, Palacios and Terán.)
Published: 2021
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33. Zika Virus Non-Structural Protein 1 Antigen-Capture Immunoassay.

Author: Beddingfield BJ, Hartnett JN, Wilson RB, Kulakosky PC, Andersen KG, Robles-Sikisaka R, Grubaugh ND, Aybar A, Nunez MZ, Fermin CD, and Garry RF
Subjects: Animals, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Cross Reactions immunology, Dengue virology, Dengue Virus immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epitopes, Female, Flavivirus, Humans, Immunologic Tests, Models, Molecular, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Pregnancy, Viral Nonstructural Proteins chemistry, Viral Nonstructural Proteins genetics, West Nile virus immunology, Yellow fever virus immunology, Zika Virus genetics, Zika Virus isolation & purification, Zika Virus Infection diagnosis, Zika Virus Infection virology, Antigens, Viral immunology, Immunoassay methods, Viral Nonstructural Proteins immunology, Zika Virus immunology
Abstract: Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, typically results in mild self-limited illness, but severe neurological disease occurs in a limited subset of patients. In contrast, serious outcomes commonly occur in pregnancy that affect the developing fetus, including microcephaly and other major birth defects. The genetic similarity of ZIKV to other widespread flaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), presents a challenge to the development of specific ZIKV diagnostic assays. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is established for use in immunodiagnostic assays for flaviviruses. To address the cross-reactivity of ZIKV NS1 with proteins from other flaviviruses we used site-directed mutagenesis to modify putative epitopes. Goat polyclonal antibodies to variant ZIKV NS1 were affinity-purified to remove antibodies binding to the closely related NS1 protein of DENV. An antigen-capture ELISA configured with the affinity-purified polyclonal antibody showed a linear dynamic range between approximately 500 and 30 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of between 1.95 and 7.8 ng/mL. NS1 proteins from DENV, yellow fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus showed significantly reduced reactivity in the ZIKV antigen-capture ELISA. Refinement of approaches similar to those employed here could lead to development of ZIKV-specific immunoassays suitable for use in areas where infections with related flaviviruses are common.
Published: 2021
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34. Breastfeeding education, early skin-to-skin contact and other strong determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in an urban population: a prospective study.

Author: Dueñas-Espín I, León Cáceres Á, Álava A, Ayala J, Figueroa K, Loor V, Loor W, Menéndez M, Menéndez D, Moreira E, Segovia R, and Vinces J
Subjects: Female, Humans, Infant, Pregnancy, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Urban Population, Breast Feeding, Mothers
Abstract: Objective: The current study aims to demonstrate independent associations between social, educational and health practice interventions as determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in an urban Ecuadorian population., Design: Prospective survival analyses., Setting: Ecuadorian mother-child dyads in urban settings., Participants: We followed-up 363 mother-baby dyads who attended healthcare centres in Portoviejo, province of Manabi, for a median time (P25-P75) of 125 days (121-130 days)., Main Outcome Measures: We performed a survival analysis, by setting the time-to-abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding measured in days of life, that is, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, periodically assessed by phone, as the primary outcome. Crude and adjusted mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards model were performed to estimate HRs for each explanatory variable., Results: The incidence rate of abandonment of breastfeeding was 8.9 per 1000 person-days in the whole sample. Multivariate analysis indicated the three most significant protective determinants of exclusive breastfeeding were (a) sessions of prenatal breastfeeding education with an HR of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.5 to 0.9) per each extra session, (b) self-perception of milk production, with an HR of 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.6) per each increase in the perceived quantity of milk production and (c) receiving early skin-to-skin contact with an HR of 0.1 (95% CI: <0.1 to 0.3) compared with those not receiving such contact, immediately after birth., Conclusions: Prenatal education on breastfeeding, self-perception of sufficient breast-milk production and early skin-to-skin contact appear to be strong protectors of exclusive breastfeeding among urban Ecuadorian mother-baby dyads., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2021
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35. Global burden of influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Lafond KE, Porter RM, Whaley MJ, Suizan Z, Ran Z, Aleem MA, Thapa B, Sar B, Proschle VS, Peng Z, Feng L, Coulibaly D, Nkwembe E, Olmedo A, Ampofo W, Saha S, Chadha M, Mangiri A, Setiawaty V, Ali SS, Chaves SS, Otorbaeva D, Keosavanh O, Saleh M, Ho A, Alexander B, Oumzil H, Baral KP, Huang QS, Adebayo AA, Al-Abaidani I, von Horoch M, Cohen C, Tempia S, Mmbaga V, Chittaganpitch M, Casal M, Dang DA, Couto P, Nair H, Bresee JS, Olsen SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Nuorti JP, and Widdowson MA
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human economics, Male, Middle Aged, Respiratory Tract Infections economics, Young Adult, Cost of Illness, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Influenza, Human virology, Orthomyxoviridae physiology, Respiratory Tract Infections virology
Abstract: Background: Influenza illness burden is substantial, particularly among young children, older adults, and those with underlying conditions. Initiatives are underway to develop better global estimates for influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of influenza viruses in severe respiratory disease and hospitalizations among adults, particularly in lower-income settings., Methods and Findings: We aggregated published data from a systematic review and unpublished data from surveillance platforms to generate global meta-analytic estimates for the proportion of acute respiratory hospitalizations associated with influenza viruses among adults. We searched 9 online databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Global Health, LILACS, WHOLIS, and CNKI; 1 January 1996-31 December 2016) to identify observational studies of influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults, and assessed eligible papers for bias using a simplified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational data. We applied meta-analytic proportions to global estimates of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and hospitalizations from the Global Burden of Disease study in adults ≥20 years and by age groups (20-64 years and ≥65 years) to obtain the number of influenza-associated LRI episodes and hospitalizations for 2016. Data from 63 sources showed that influenza was associated with 14.1% (95% CI 12.1%-16.5%) of acute respiratory hospitalizations among all adults, with no significant differences by age group. The 63 data sources represent published observational studies (n = 28) and unpublished surveillance data (n = 35), from all World Health Organization regions (Africa, n = 8; Americas, n = 11; Eastern Mediterranean, n = 7; Europe, n = 8; Southeast Asia, n = 11; Western Pacific, n = 18). Data quality for published data sources was predominantly moderate or high (75%, n = 56/75). We estimate 32,126,000 (95% CI 20,484,000-46,129,000) influenza-associated LRI episodes and 5,678,000 (95% CI 3,205,000-9,432,000) LRI hospitalizations occur each year among adults. While adults <65 years contribute most influenza-associated LRI hospitalizations and episodes (3,464,000 [95% CI 1,885,000-5,978,000] LRI hospitalizations and 31,087,000 [95% CI 19,987,000-44,444,000] LRI episodes), hospitalization rates were highest in those ≥65 years (437/100,000 person-years [95% CI 265-612/100,000 person-years]). For this analysis, published articles were limited in their inclusion of stratified testing data by year and age group. Lack of information regarding influenza vaccination of the study population was also a limitation across both types of data sources., Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, we estimated that influenza viruses are associated with over 5 million hospitalizations worldwide per year. Inclusion of both published and unpublished findings allowed for increased power to generate stratified estimates, and improved representation from lower-income countries. Together, the available data demonstrate the importance of influenza viruses as a cause of severe disease and hospitalizations in younger and older adults worldwide., Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: H.N.: Grants from the Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, grants from Innovative Medicines Initiative, grants from the WHO, personal fees from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, grants from National Institute of Health Research, personal fees from Janssen and personal fees from AbbVie, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2021
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36. COVID-19 Infection and Previous BCG Vaccination Coverage in the Ecuadorian Population.

Author: Garzon-Chavez D, Rivas-Condo J, Echeverria A, Mozo J, Quentin E, Reyes J, and Teran E
Abstract: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a well-known vaccine with almost a century of use, with the apparent capability to improve cytokine production and epigenetics changes that could develop a better response to pathogens. It has been postulated that BCG protection against SARS-CoV-2 has a potential role in the pandemic, through the presence of homologous amino acid sequences. To identify a possible link between BCG vaccination coverage and COVID-19 cases, we used official epidemic data and Ecuadorian Ministry of Health and Pan American Health Organization vaccination information. BCG information before 1979 was available only at a national level. Therefore, projections based on the last 20 years were performed, to compare by specific geographic units. We used a Mann-Kendall test to identify BCG coverage variations, and mapping was conducted with a free geographic information system (QGIS). Nine provinces where BCG vaccine coverage was lower than 74.25% show a significant statistical association (χ 2 Pearson's = 4.800, df = 1, p = 0.028), with a higher prevalence of cases for people aged 50 to 64 years than in younger people aged 20 to 49 years. Despite the availability of BCG vaccination data and the mathematical models needed to compare these data with COVID-19 cases, our results show that, in geographic areas where BCG coverage was low, 50% presented a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases that were young; thus, low-coverage years were more affected.
Published: 2021
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37. Maternal stress, placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, and infant HPA axis development in humans: Psychosocial and physiological pathways.

Author: Jahnke JR, Terán E, Murgueitio F, Cabrera H, and Thompson AL
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, DNA Methylation, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone analysis, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System metabolism, Infant, Pituitary-Adrenal System metabolism, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects metabolism, Saliva chemistry, Young Adult, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 metabolism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System growth & development, Pituitary-Adrenal System growth & development, Placenta metabolism, Stress, Psychological metabolism
Abstract: Introduction: Prenatal stress is known to influence fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) development. Placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2) is a central gene in this pathway, but little is known about what influences its functioning. We assess how maternal distress influences HSD11B2 functioning, and how HSD11B2 in turn, is associated with infant HPA axis development., Methods: Data come from 24 mother-infant dyads on the Galápagos Islands. Using adjusted linear regression models, we assess the effects of maternal psychosocial (stress and depressive symptoms, measured by the Perceived Stress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8, respectively) and physiological (HPA axis dysregulation) distress during pregnancy on HSD11B2 methylation and expression and then test how these HSD11B2 measures influence infant HPA axis development., Results: Maternal HPA axis dysregulation during pregnancy is associated with lower placental HSD11B2 expression, which is associated with an exaggerated cortisol reactivity in infants. Sex-specific analyses revealed that maternal depressive symptoms may influence the functioning of placental HSD11B2 differently in girls (n = 11, 46%) than in boys (n = 13, 54%), though the sample size was small., Discussion: These results support a disrupted adaptive framework, in which the ability to upregulate HSD11B2 expression in response to acute stress diminishes as maternal stress becomes chronic. In this model, chronic stress may exhaust the protective mechanism of HSD11B2, leaving the infant vulnerable to high levels of maternal cortisol, which could injure the fetal HPA axis and disrupt long-term neurobehavioral and metabolic development. While larger studies will be needed to confirm these findings, this study offers exploratory results on the effects of maternal distress on both HSD11B2 methylation and expression and the effect of HSD11B2 on offspring HPA axis development., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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38. Radical neck dissection with advancement flap in advanced papillary thyroid cancer: a therapeutic option.

Author: Guachilema Ribadeneira AP, García CR, and Basantes AD
Abstract: Papillary thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common TC subtype with a global incidence of 80-90% and an annual rate of increase of 5% in the last ten years. Papillary TC has the peculiar tendency to spread to the central and lateral lymph nodes (LNs) of the neck, and recurrence occurs in 60-75% of cases. The most affected site is the central compartment. Total thyroidectomy with radical dissection achieved the best results for differentiated TC with LN involvement, with a complication rate of 6%. Classic radical dissection is an effective surgical approach when performed by experienced surgeons in cases in which there is a good knowledge of local anatomy, decreasing recurrence and improving survival., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020.)
Published: 2020
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39. Quantifying alcohol use among Ecuadorian human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals and assessing alcohol as an independent risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus: A case control study STROBE.

Author: Downen JM, Swendener B, Bodlak AA, Añazco DF, Nicolalde BI, Mhaskar R, Cevallos N, Castillo A, Larreategui D, Torres E, Izurieta R, and Teran E
Subjects: Adult, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcoholism complications, Case-Control Studies, Disease Progression, Ecuador epidemiology, Female, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Seropositivity diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcoholism epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology
Abstract: Alcohol abuse has been identified as a risk factor for contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and accelerating disease progression. Our study aims to determine alcohol consumption rates among Ecuadorian HIV positive (HIV+) patients prior to diagnosis to evaluate its impact as an independent risk factor for contracting HIV. Additionally, we will examine post-diagnosis consumption rates among the HIV+ population.We provided anonymous questionnaires to 300 HIV+ patients and 600 internal medicine patients at 3 hospitals in Quito, Ecuador. Questionnaires quantified alcohol usage prior to HIV diagnosis, at time of diagnosis, and post-diagnosis while accounting for other potential HIV risk factors. We then determined frequencies of alcohol consumption and confounding variables. Finally, we performed a multivariable logistic regression controlling for confounders to determine the statistical significance of alcohol consumption as an independent risk factor for HIV.Our results showed increased odds for contracting HIV among those who drank daily (OR 5.3, CI 2.0-14.0) and those who consumed 6 or more alcoholic beverages on days they drank (OR 5.0, CI 3.1-8.2). Through multivariable analysis, we found that abstaining from binge drinking was a protective factor with an OR 0.5 (0.3-0.96). The percentage of HIV+ patients abstaining from alcohol increased from 30% twelve months prior to diagnosis to 57% after diagnosis.Our results show that alcohol abuse significantly increases the risk of contracting HIV. We found that prior to diagnosis, HIV patients consistently drank more frequently and a greater amount than the control group. Alcohol use significantly decreased among HIV+ patients after diagnosis.
Published: 2020
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40. Epidemiology of dengue fever in Guatemala.

Author: Castillo Signor LDC, Edwards T, Escobar LE, Mencos Y, Matope A, Castaneda-Guzman M, Adams ER, and Cuevas LE
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Child, Child, Preschool, Dengue immunology, Dengue Virus immunology, Disease Outbreaks, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Guatemala epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serogroup, Serotyping methods, Young Adult, Dengue diagnosis, Dengue epidemiology
Abstract: Dengue fever occurs worldwide and about 1% of cases progress to severe haemorrhage and shock. Dengue is endemic in Guatemala and its surveillance system could document long term trends. We analysed 17 years of country-wide dengue surveillance data in Guatemala to describe epidemiological trends from 2000 to 2016.Data from the national dengue surveillance database were analysed to describe dengue serotype frequency, seasonality, and outbreaks. We used Poisson regression models to compare the number of cases each year with subsequent years and to estimate incidence ratios within serotype adjusted by age and gender. 91,554 samples were tested. Dengue was confirmed by RT-qPCR, culture or NS1-ELISA in 7097 (7.8%) cases and was IgM ELISA-positive in 19,290 (21.1%) cases. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 were detected in 2218 (39.5%), 2580 (45.9%), 591 (10.5%), and 230 (4.1%) cases. DENV1 and DENV2 were the predominant serotypes, but all serotypes caused epidemics. The largest outbreak occurred in 2010 with 1080 DENV2 cases reported. The incidence was higher among adults during epidemic years, with significant increases in 2005, 2007, and 2013 DENV1 outbreaks, the 2010 DENV2 and 2003 DENV3 outbreaks. Adults had a lower incidence immediately after epidemics, which is likely linked to increased immunity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2020
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41. Depression is associated with efavirenz-containing treatments in newly antiretroviral therapy initiated HIV patients in Ecuador.

Author: Checa A, Castillo A, Camacho M, Tapia W, Hernandez I, and Teran E
Subjects: Adult, Anti-HIV Agents adverse effects, Depression classification, Ecuador epidemiology, Female, HIV Infections complications, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Young Adult, Alkynes adverse effects, Benzoxazines adverse effects, Cyclopropanes adverse effects, Depression chemically induced, Depression epidemiology, HIV Infections drug therapy, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors adverse effects
Abstract: Background: It is well known that people living with HIV (PLWH) is in higher risk for the development of depression and it has also been suggested that the use of efavirenz into the antiretroviral regimens increases even that risk., Objective: To evaluate the effect of efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimens on the development of depression in newly ART initiated HIV patients in Ecuador., Methods: In a prospective cohort study from June 2016 to May 2017, all newly HIV diagnosed patients at the HIV/AIDS Unit of the Hospital Eugenio Espejo in Quito, Ecuador were evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression followed by a second assessment 8-12 weeks after antiretroviral therapy containing efavirenz was initiated., Results: A total of 79 patients, mainly males younger than 35 years were studied. Majority of them were on TDF/FTC/EFV. Initial score in Hamilton Rating Scale revealed that less than 30% had no depression symptoms while almost 40% had mild depression. However, in the second assessment, 22.6% of the subjects had a score in the Hamilton Rating Scale compatible with severe or very severe depression (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.28; p = 0.05)., Conclusion: In our cohort study, depression was much higher in patients on Efavirenz-containing treatments. Therefore, assessment for depression must be essential as part of follow-up in these patients.
Published: 2020
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42. Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma of the mesocolon sigmoids: a rare entity in adult patient woman.

Author: Guachilema Ribadeneira A, Monard ÁRT, Endara MC, Garcia CG, Sandoval MO, Cárdenas DA, and Basantes AD
Abstract: The lymphangioma is a benign neoplasm, mostly connate, it occurs more often in children. It is more frequently located in the head-neck region, as well as in the armpit, and less frequently in the abdomen. The diagnosis, as well as their appearance is variant, they can be asymptomatic depending on the size. The signs on the physical exam are usually nonspecific and can look like an acute abdomen. Imaging tests used are the ultrasound and tomography, which determine the therapeutic behavior. The differential diagnosis should be made with other intra-abdominal injuries, such as cavernous hemangioma, mesotheliomas, pancreatic and ovarian tumors and even peritoneal hydatid cyst. The definitive treatment is surgical in most cases, with complete excision of the mass. The definitive diagnosis is obtained with the histopathological study of the surgical piece., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020.)
Published: 2020
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43. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Author: Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Afshar AR, Aggarwal P, Aghaji AE, Ahmad A, Akib MNR, Al Harby L, Al Ani MH, Alakbarova A, Portabella SA, Al-Badri SAF, Alcasabas APA, Al-Dahmash SA, Alejos A, Alemany-Rubio E, Alfa Bio AI, Alfonso Carreras Y, Al-Haddad C, Al-Hussaini HHY, Ali AM, Alia DB, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Jumaily U, Alkatan HM, All-Eriksson C, Al-Mafrachi AARM, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Al-Shaheen AASM, Al-Shammary EH, Amiruddin PO, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atalay HT, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Atsiaya R, Attaseth T, Aung TH, Ayala S, Baizakova B, Balaguer J, Balayeva R, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Bascaran C, Beck Popovic M, Benavides R, Benmiloud S, Bennani Guebessi N, Berete RC, Berry JL, Bhaduri A, Bhat S, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Boldt HC, Bonanomi MTBC, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brennan RC, Brichard BG, Buaboonnam J, Calderón-Sotelo P, Calle Jara DA, Camuglia JE, Cano MR, Capra M, Cassoux N, Castela G, Castillo L, Català-Mora J, Chantada GL, Chaudhry S, Chaugule SS, Chauhan A, Chawla B, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Chuluunbat T, Cieslik K, Cockcroft RL, Comsa C, Correa ZM, Correa Llano MG, Corson TW, Cowan-Lyn KE, Csóka M, Cui X, Da Gama IV, Dangboon W, Das A, Das S, Davanzo JM, Davidson A, De Potter P, Delgado KQ, Demirci H, Desjardins L, Diaz Coronado RY, Dimaras H, Dodgshun AJ, Donaldson C, Donato Macedo CR, Dragomir MD, Du Y, Du Bruyn M, Edison KS, Eka Sutyawan IW, El Kettani A, Elbahi AM, Elder JE, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Elhassan MMA, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fadoo Z, Fandiño AC, Faranoush M, Fasina O, Fernández DDPG, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Foster A, Frenkel S, Fu LD, Fuentes-Alabi SL, Gallie BL, Gandiwa M, Garcia JL, García Aldana D, Gassant PY, Geel JA, Ghassemi F, Girón AV, Gizachew Z, Goenz MA, Gold AS, Goldberg-Lavid M, Gole GA, Gomel N, Gonzalez E, Gonzalez Perez G, González-Rodríguez L, Garcia Pacheco HN, Graells J, Green L, Gregersen PA, Grigorovski NDAK, Guedenon KM, Gunasekera DS, Gündüz AK, Gupta H, Gupta S, Hadjistilianou T, Hamel P, Hamid SA, Hamzah N, Hansen ED, Harbour JW, Hartnett ME, Hasanreisoglu M, Hassan S, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hernandez J, Hernandez LMC, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Huang LC, Hubbard GB, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Hussein Al-Janabi AN, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jairaj V, Jeeva I, Jenkinson H, Ji X, Jo DH, Johnson KP, Johnson WJ, Jones MM, Kabesha TBA, Kabore RL, Kaliki S, Kalinaki A, Kantar M, Kao LY, Kardava T, Kebudi R, Kepak T, Keren-Froim N, Khan ZJ, Khaqan HA, Khauv P, Kheir WJ, Khetan V, Khodabande A, Khotenashvili Z, Kim JW, Kim JH, Kiratli H, Kivelä TT, Klett A, Komba Palet JEK, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kulvichit K, Kuntorini MW, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Lam CPS, Lam GC, Larson SA, Latinovic S, Laurenti KD, Le BHA, Lecuona K, Leverant AA, Li C, Limbu B, Long QB, López JP, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Luna-Fineman S, Lutfi D, Lysytsia L, Magrath GN, Mahajan A, Majeed AR, Maka E, Makan M, Makimbetov EK, Manda C, Martín Begue N, Mason L, Mason JO 3rd, Matende IO, Materin M, Mattosinho CCDS, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, McKenzie JD, Medina-Sanson A, Mehrvar A, Mengesha AA, Menon V, Mercado GJVD, Mets MB, Midena E, Mishra DKC, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Mohammad MT, Moll AC, Montero MM, Morales RA, Moreira C, Mruthyunjaya P, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Mudaliar SS, Muma KI, Munier FL, Murgoi G, Murray TG, Musa KO, Mushtaq A, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Nair AG, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Nency YM, Neroev V, Ngo H, Nieves RM, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nuruddin M, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oliver SCN, Osei-Bonsu P, Ossandon D, Paez-Escamilla MA, Pagarra H, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Pal BP, Palanivelu MS, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pascual Morales CR, Paton KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Pe'er J, Peña A, Peric S, Pham CTM, Philbert R, Plager DA, Pochop P, Polania RA, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Prat D, Prom V, Purwanto I, Qadir AO, Qayyum S, Qian J, Rahman A, Rahman S, Rahmat J, Rajkarnikar P, Ramanjulu R, Ramasubramanian A, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Raobela L, Rashid R, Reddy MA, Reich E, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Rojanaporn D, Romero L, Roy SR, Saab RH, Saakyan S, Sabhan AH, Sagoo MS, Said AMA, Saiju R, Salas B, San Román Pacheco S, Sánchez GL, Sayalith P, Scanlan TA, Schefler AC, Schoeman J, Sedaghat A, Seregard S, Seth R, Shah AS, Shakoor SA, Sharma MK, Sherief ST, Shetye NG, Shields CL, Siddiqui SN, Sidi Cheikh S, Silva S, Singh AD, Singh N, Singh U, Singha P, Sitorus RS, Skalet AH, Soebagjo HD, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stacey AW, Staffieri SE, Stahl ED, Stathopoulos C, Stirn Kranjc B, Stones DK, Strahlendorf C, Suarez MEC, Sultana S, Sun X, Sundy M, Superstein R, Supriyadi E, Surukrattanaskul S, Suzuki S, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tan D, Tandili A, Tarrillo Leiva FF, Tashvighi M, Tateshi B, Tehuteru ES, Teixeira LF, Teh KH, Theophile T, Toledano H, Trang DL, Traoré F, Trichaiyaporn S, Tuncer S, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Unal E, Uner OE, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Usmanov RH, Valeina S, van Hoefen Wijsard M, Varadisai A, Vasquez L, Vaughan LO, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Verma N, Victor AA, Viksnins M, Villacís Chafla EG, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Vora T, Wachtel AE, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali AH, Wang YZ, Weiss A, Wilson MW, Wime ADC, Wiwatwongwana A, Wiwatwongwana D, Wolley Dod C, Wongwai P, Xiang D, Xiao Y, Yam JC, Yang H, Yanga JM, Yaqub MA, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Ye H, Yousef YA, Yuliawati P, Zapata López AM, Zein E, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, Zhilyaeva K, Zia N, Ziko OAO, Zondervan M, and Bowman R
Subjects: Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Retinoblastoma economics, Retinoblastoma epidemiology
Abstract: Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale., Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis., Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017., Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis., Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68])., Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.
Published: 2020
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44. Natural Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana infection and biting activity of anthropophilic sand fly Lutzomyia ayacuchensis in the Ecuadorian Andes.

Author: Hashiguchi Y, Hashiguchi K, Zambrano FC, Parraga FD, Martillo VP, Torres EX, Velez LN, Villegas NV, Gomez EA, and Kato H
Subjects: Animals, Ecuador epidemiology, Humans, Leishmania mexicana genetics, Leishmania mexicana isolation & purification, Insect Bites and Stings, Insect Vectors parasitology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous transmission, Psychodidae parasitology
Abstract: To elucidate the transmission mode of Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis (Andean-CL), natural Leishmania infection and biting activity of sand flies were tested in a selected sylvatic focus of the endemic area of the Ecuadorian Andes. Monthly sand fly collections and dissections were conducted during 12 months from July 2018 to June 2019. The Leishmania positive specimens/slides with innumerable amounts of actively mobile flagellates made us easy to detect positive sand flies. The promastigotes observed located in the anterior and posterior midgut, without the hindgut localization. The parasite isolated was identified as L. (L.) mexicana by cytochrome b gene analysis. No other Leishmania or flagellate species parasitic in sand flies was observed in the area. Only Lu. ayacuchensis was caught throughout. Monthly microscopic examination of Lu. ayacuchensis revealed 0.75-8.33% of natural L. (L.) mexicana infection rates. Higher Leishmania infection months were present at the end of the wet season of the Andes, while higher sand fly numbers occurred during the dry season. Diurnal biting (blood meal seeking) activity of sand flies started around 17:30 before sunset, increased between 18:00 and 19:30, and thereafter decreased drastically probably because of low temperature (15-18 °C) in the area. The results provide information important for the planning of vector control strategy and management of the disease in the Andean-CL endemic area of Ecuador., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2020
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45. Type III Mirizzi, successfully treated with a free gallbladder flap, a case report.

Author: Moyón C MA, Molina GA, Moyón C FX, Moyón H MA, Echegaray BG, Yunga DR, Basantes LE, and Villacis MS
Abstract: Background: Mirizzi syndrome is a type of biliary obstruction caused by an impacted stone in the gallbladder neck or cystic duct that causes and extrinsic obstruction of the common bile duct, this condition if left untreated can lead to duct erosion, fistula, and cholangitis. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult since if not diagnosed correctly can elevate the risk of intraoperative bile duct injury., Case Presentation: We present the case of a 61-year-old patient, she presented to our hospital with obstructive jaundice, and a type III Mirizzi syndrome was identified. Preoperative diagnosis was completed, and she was successfully treated using a gallbladder free flap. On follow-ups, the patient is doing well., Conclusion: Mirizzi Syndrome is a rare syndrome that can lead to anatomical disturbances and surgical difficulties due to the hostile territory it creates. High clinical awareness, an emphasis on the preoperative diagnosis, and safe surgical techniques minimizing bile duct injury can improve patients outcome., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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46. PAS1-modified optical SIS sensor for highly sensitive and specific detection of toluene.

Author: Dung TT, Lee UJ, Kim MH, Kim KE, Cho HM, Fermin CD, Kim DH, and Kim M
Subjects: Immobilized Proteins chemistry, Limit of Detection, Protein Domains, Recombinant Fusion Proteins chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Biosensing Techniques methods, Protein Kinases chemistry, Pseudomonas putida chemistry, Silicon chemistry, Toluene analysis
Abstract: We report on a novel solution immersed silicon (SIS) sensor modified with bio-receptor to detect toluene. To perform this approach, bio-receptor PAS1 which specifically interacts with toluene was chosen as a capture agent for SIS ellipsometric sensing. We constructed wild PAS1 and mutant PAS1 (F46A and F79Y) which are toluene binding-defective. Especially, we utilized an easily accessible capturing approach based on silica binding peptide (SBP) for direct immobilization of PAS1 on the SiO 2 surfaces. After the immobilization of SBP-tagged PAS1 to the sensing layers, PAS1-based SIS sensor was evaluated for its ability to recognize toluene. As a result, a significant up-shift in Psi (Ψ) was clearly observed with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 μM, when treated with toluene on wild PAS1-surface, but not on mutant PAS1-sensing layers, indicating the selective interactions between PAS1 and toluene molecule. The PAS1-SIS sensor showed no changes in Psi (Ψ), if any, negligible, when exposed to benzene, phenol, xylene and 4-nitrophenol as negative controls, thereby demonstrating the specificity of interaction between PAS1 and toluene. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that PAS1-modified ellipsometry sensor can provide a high fidelity system for the accurate and selective detection of toluene., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2019
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47. PCR-RFLP analyses of Leishmania species causing cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis revealed distribution of genetically complex strains with hybrid and mito-nuclear discordance in Ecuador.

Author: Kato H, Gomez EA, Seki C, Furumoto H, Martini-Robles L, Muzzio J, Calvopiña M, Velez L, Kubo M, Tabbabi A, Yamamoto DS, and Hashiguchi Y
Subjects: Animals, Base Pair Mismatch, DNA, Kinetoplast, Ecuador, Humans, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmania physiology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous transmission, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous transmission, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Psychodidae parasitology, Psychodidae physiology, Cell Nucleus genetics, Leishmania genetics, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous parasitology, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous parasitology, Mitochondria genetics
Abstract: PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analyses targeting multiple nuclear genes were established for the simple and practical identification of Leishmania species without using expensive equipment. This method was applied to 92 clinical samples collected at 33 sites in 14 provinces of Ecuador, which have been identified at the species level by the kinetoplast cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequence analysis, and the results obtained by the two analyses were compared. Although most results corresponded between the two analyses, PCR-RFLP analyses revealed distribution of hybrid strains between Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis and between L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) panamensis, of which the latter was firstly identified in Ecuador. Moreover, unexpected parasite strains having the kinetoplast cyt b gene of L. (V.) braziliensis and nuclear genes of L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) panamensis, or a hybrid between L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) panamensis were identified. This is the first report of the distribution of a protozoan parasite having mismatches between kinetoplast and nuclear genes, known as mito-nuclear discordance. The result demonstrated that genetically complex Leishmania strains are present in Ecuador. Since genetic exchanges such as hybrid formation were suggested to cause higher pathogenicity in Leishmania and may be transmitted by more species of sand flies, further country-wide epidemiological studies on clinical symptoms, as well as transmissible vectors, will be necessary., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Published: 2019
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48. Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in north-central Pacific region of Ecuador: A clinico-epidemiological feature.

Author: Gomez EA, Kato H, Torres-Romero EX, Velez LN, Villegas NV, Martillo VP, Zambrano FC, Kubo M, Hashiguchi K, and Hashiguchi Y
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Cytochromes b genetics, Ecuador epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous transmission, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Young Adult, Leishmania guyanensis genetics, Leishmania guyanensis isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous epidemiology
Abstract: The current four year study was undertaken to investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis infections in Valle Hermoso, Santo Domingo de Los Tsachilas province, north-central Pacific areas of Ecuador. A total of 155 parasitologically confirmed (Leishmania-amastigote-positive) clinical cases diagnosed at a rural health center during January 2014-December 2017 were analyzed thoroughly. Molecular characterization of the causative Leishmania parasites from different endemic sites within the study areas was performed by PCR amplification of cytochrome b (cyt b) sequencing. All the FTA-card and/or smear impregnated materials tested were characterized, and identified as L. (V.) guyanensis, without detecting any other Leishmania species. The following features were described: 1) the majority of patients were suffered from a single ulcer lesion (simple and mild to chronic), followed by multiple lesions, including recidiva cutis-"like" and Chiclero's ulcer-"like" clinical forms; 2) the majority (65.70%) of lesions were less than 10 mm in size, and distributed mainly on the upper body regions (arm, forearm, face, and neck including ear and head); 3) about 30% (29.68%) of the subjects tested were less than 10 years of age, strongly suggesting the intra- and/or peri-domestic transmission of the disease in the areas. The current clinico-epidemiological feature detected emphasizes the need for further such investigations of the L. (V.) guyanensis infections prevalent at different Pacific ecoregions of Ecuador, including Amazon regions., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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49. Erratum to: Ethnic/Racial Disparities in the Fetal Growth Outcomes of Ecuadorian Newborns.

Author: Weigel MM and Sanchez MEC
Published: 2017
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50. Catheter-Directed Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Modern Literature.

Author: Tafur AJ, Shamoun FE, Patel SI, Tafur D, Donna F, and Murad MH
Subjects: Humans, Pulmonary Embolism mortality, Survival Rate, Thrombolytic Therapy mortality, Ultrasonic Therapy mortality, Catheters, Pulmonary Embolism therapy, Thrombolytic Therapy methods
Abstract: We summarize the evidence for the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with and without ultrasound-assisted therapy for treating submassive and massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in a systematic review. The primary efficacy outcome was mortality. Outcomes were pooled across studies with the random-effects model. Twenty-four studies enrolled 700 patients in total; 653 received mechanical thromboembolectomy treatments for PE (mortality rate, 9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6%-13%], P = .12; rate of minor complications, 6% [95% CI, 2%-13%]). In the ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT) studies, the mortality rate was 4% (95% CI, 1%-11%) and in the non-USAT studies, it was 9% (95% CI, 6%-13%). Secondary safety outcomes were all bleeding events, which occurred in 12% (95% CI, 7%-20%) of the USAT studies and in 10% (95% CI, 5%-20%) of the non-USAT studies. Current clinical evidence does not prove USAT is superior over CDT methods.
Published: 2017
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