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By applying a singular perturbation approach, canard explosions exhibited by a general family of singularly perturbed planar Piecewise Linear (PWL) differential systems are analyzed. The performed study involves both hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic canard limit cycles appearing after both, a supercritical and a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. The obtained results are comparable with those obtained for smooth vector fields. In some sense, the manuscript can be understood as an extension towards the PWL framework of the results obtained for smooth systems by Dumortier and Roussarie in Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 1996, and Krupa and Szmolyan in J. Differ. Equ. 2001. In addition, some novel slow–fast behaviors are obtained. In particular, in the supercritical case, and under suitable conditions, it is proved that the limit cycles are organized along a curve exhibiting two folds. Each of these folds corresponds to a saddle–node bifurcation of canard limit cycles, one involving headless canard cycles, and the other involving canard cycles with head. This configuration also occurs in smooth systems with N-shaped fast nullcline. However, it has not been previously reported in the Van der Pol system. Our results provide justification for this observation.

Past work by the authors has suggested that Solar micro Gas Turbines (SmGTs) can be used cost-effectively to produce electric power and heat for freshwater production through desalination, mainly in off-grid locations. This is further studied in this work, providing an exhaustive modelling procedure and methodology. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of system performance under both design and part-load conditions is provided along with the complete set of characteristics of the components of the SmGT and the desalination unit. To this end, the SmGT is assessed first, incorporating innovative solutions that enable better off-design performance: Variable Inlet Guide Vanes (VIGVs) in the compressor and Variable Nozzle Guide Vanes (VNGVs) in the turbine. The implementation of these features brings significant advantages in part-load operation, leading to a considerable increase in solar-to-electric efficiency and rangeability, particularly under certain ambient conditions; in particular, using these features yields 5% higher efficiency at the minimum load of the original engine (without variable geometry) and, from this load setting downwards, 15% lower minimum stable load is enabled. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis to control strategies and ambient conditions has been included, exploring their impact on system performance. The water treatment system is comprised of two elements. A Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination unit is driven by the electric power produced by the SmGT. Considering the emphasis on flexibility and part-load operation enhancement addressed in this work, a moderate recovery rate is proposed for this unit. The RO unit produces brine with high salt concentration to be partially treated further in a Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) unit driven by the exhaust gases of the microturbine (at about 250–300 °C), where the sensible heat of this stream is harvested by the ZLD unit to “dry” and concentrate the effluent. Finally, the potential and the operationa

There are bipartite quantum nonlocal correlations requiring very low detection efficiency to reach the loophole-free regime but that need too many measurement settings to be practical for actual experiments. This leads to the general problem of what can be concluded about loophole-free Bell nonlocality if only a random subset of these settings is tested. Here we develop a method to address this problem. We show that, in some cases, it is possible to detect loophole-free Bell nonlocality by testing only a small random fraction of the settings. The consequence is a higher detection efficiency. The method allows for the design of loophole-free Bell tests in which, given a quantum correlation that violates a Bell inequality, one can calculate the minimum fraction of contexts needed to reach the detection-loophole-free regime. The results also enforce a different way of thinking about how local realistic models or classical communication can be used to simulate quantum nonlocal correlations, as it shows that the amount of resources that are needed can be made arbitrarily large simply by considering more contexts.

The Casimir-Lifshitz force, FC − L, has become a subject of great interest to both theoretical and applied physics communities due to its fundamental properties and potential technological implications in emerging nano-scale devices. Recent cutting-edge experiments have demonstrated the potential of quantum trapping at the nano-scale assisted by FC − L in metallic planar plates immersed in fluids through appropriate stratification of the inner dielectric media, opening up new avenues for exploring physics at the nano-scale. This review article provides an overview of the latest results in Casimir-Lifshitz based-optical resonator schemes and their potential applications in fields such as microfluidic devices, bio-nano and micro electromechanical systems (NEMS and MEMS), strong coupling, polaritonic chemistry, photo-chemistry, sensing, and metrology. The use of these optical resonators provides a versatile platform for fundamental studies and technological applications at the nano-scale, with the potential to revolutionize various fields and create new opportunities for research.

Background: Football player's health is important, and preventing sudden cardiac arrest may be a critical issue. Professional football players have different ECG signals than the average population, yet there are considerable gaps in study whereas the general population has been extensively studied. Objectives: (a) Generate a reference and innovative resting 12-lead ECG database from 54 UEFA PRO level male football players from La Liga. This is a novel approach to cope the ECG and possible arrythmias in athletes. (b) Manage each XML athlete ECG data and develop a free-use program to visualize, denoise and filter the signal with the capacity to automate the labelling of the waves and save the reports. (c) Study the ECG wave shape and generate models through ML to analyse its utility to automate basic diagnosis. Methods: The dataset collection is based on a prospective observational cohort and includes 10 s, 12-lead ECGs and rhythm and condition labels for each athlete. Physiological sport arrhythmias, T-Wave shape and other findings were studied and labelled. ECG Visualizer was developed and used for 3 machine learning (ML) methods to automate sinus bradycardia arrhythmia diagnosis. Results: A dataset with 163 ECGs in XML format was collected comprising the Pro Football 12-lead Resting Electrocardiogram Database (PF12RED). “ECG Visualizer” software was developed, and ML was shown to be useful in detecting sinus bradycardia. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that AI and machine learning can detect simple arrhythmias with accuracy, also it provides a valuable dataset and a free software application.

In this research, a prepulse inhibition task was carried out in which subjects were treated with a psychostimulant, methylphenidate (MPH), acutely and chronically in a population of Wistar rats. The dataset contains all the data from a sample of 56 Wistar rats (females and males). These data include the prepulses, pulses and phase of the estrous cycle in which the females were in the different prepulse inhibition sessions.

The high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) interfaced with power electronics together with new nonlinear loads pose new challenges in the grid operation. In fact, power systems with reduced inertia and high harmonic distortion will be common in a near future. Recently, the grid-forming operation of voltage source converters (VSCs) has emerged to address these challenges, mimicking the contribution of synchronous generators to the system inertia. In addition, these grid-connected VSCs can be used at the same time for reducing the harmonic distortion by applying active filtering techniques. However, these harmonic compensation algorithms can generate VSC overloading. This paper proposes a method for dynamically adjusting the individual virtual impedance of the filtered harmonics to prevent the power converter overcurrent. For this purpose, the value of each harmonic virtual impedance is modified according to a priority which can be set by the final user according to the established power quality standard. The paper includes a theoretical stability analysis of the controller and experimental results to validate the proposed algorithm.

In light of growing concerns over sustainability, particularly in the wake of environmental disasters like the Aznalcollar dam break, the Spanish authorities have heightened their awareness of issues surrounding ore tailings management. The main aim of this paper is to study the dynamic behavior for the dry closure of the Almagrera dam under the action of an earthquake. This study was carried out with the Plaxis 2D v9.02 program, which uses the finite element (FE) method. The dynamic analysis of the dam was interpreted in terms of deformations, displacements and principal stresses. The construction of the Uniform Seismic Hazard Acceleration Response Spectrum (USHARS) and the selection of real accelerograms for the time-history dynamic calculations is a noted feature of this research. Numerical analyses show that the dam is safe enough because a failure surface has not been formed, although several plastic zones may appear in the dam. The FE study of deformations display that the tailings may attain large deformations, displacements and failure, although this does not jeopardize the safety of the dam where the displacements are smaller than 3 mm. Neither the tailings nor the dam are expected to suffer liquefaction. It was determined that the 0.09 g threshold value is not exceeded in the acceleration-time graphs on the old reservoir field surface, which is the most critical situation.

Los datos se han obtenido mediante fotointerpretación directa de las fuentes de datos para toda el área de estudio a escala 1:2.500. La información temática deriva del modelo de datos de línea de costa del Grupo de Investigación RNM177 “Ordenación del Litoral y Tecnologías de Información Territorial” y consta de una clasificación tipológica jerárquica de la línea de costa, presencia y tipología de infraestructuras costeras y base toponímica oficial. Las tasas de erosión han sido calculadas mediante la herramienta Digital Shoreline Analysis System -DSAS- (v. 5.1) desarrollada por el US Geological Survey, utilizando transectos con un muestreo espacial de 50 m.

Background: Unemployment is an obstacle in recovery for people with severe mental illnesses (SMI), both in reducing psychopathological symptoms and in achieving a high quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of an internship program for people diagnosed with SMI on psychosocial variables using a pre-test and post-test design. Method: Four scales were administered to a sample of 127 study participants, all of whom were diagnosed with SMI. The results of standard and sheltered employment outcomes were obtained by comparing the number and type of contracts gained by participants up to one year after program completion. A repeated measures ANOVA analysis was carried out with intervention being an independent intra-subject variable and type of participant diagnosis being a between-subjects variable. Results: a limited increase in social functioning was found, as well as a significant decrease in psychiatric distress for users diagnosed with personality disorders. Participants in the internship program obtained a greater number of employment contracts than their peers who did not participate in the program, albeit with a low effect size. Conclusions: Though results were positive, extension of internship length and provision of more intensive counselling for participants may be useful.

In this paper, a detailed and comprehensive linear stability analysis of a rolling toroidal wheel is performed. The wheel is modeled as a rigid toroid-shaped body rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface. The nonlinear equations of motion constitute a Differential-Algebraic Equations system, given by the dynamic equilibrium equations augmented with the nonholonomic constraints, which arise from the no-slip condition. The circular steady motion and the linearized equations of motion along this relative equilibrium are obtained, for both the solid and hollow tori. The expressions of the linearized equations and the corresponding eigenvalues are derived analytically as a function of the torus aspect ratio. The variation of the stability boundary with the torus aspect ratio is shown. A comparison of the results obtained in the solid and hollow scenarios is included, and all the results are validated with the rolling hoop, which corresponds to a degenerate torus with zero aspect ratio. In the particular case of the steady straight-line rolling and spinning about a vertical diameter, which constitute limit motions of the circular steady motion, the critical rotational and angular speeds required for stabilization are obtained.

In this paper, Smart Villages (SV) are considered to possess smartness associated with community action from the bottom up that contributes to the welfare of the local population in situ, this smartness being more than just an element of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure quality and the rural population’s ability to use this technology. The proposed aim is to examine the interactivity on some specific social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter—currently rebranding to X—and YouTube) used by those Spanish profit-free associations responsible for the local management and application of sustainable rural development policies and the relationship of this interactivity with the main territorial features. To this end, 16 indicators have been defined—as the basis for a multivariate analysis of the scaled summations obtained from the indicators—determined by a linear correlation coefficient (r), a principal component analysis (PCA) and a k-means cluster analysis. Once the main results have been obtained and interpreted by landscape, they can facilitate the construction of a smart village ecosystem. The study shows how the interactivity of the administration with the private sector and society is a tool for increasing participation in decision-making processes, and for encouraging transparency and accountability in public bodies, both of which lead to a smarter society. The social media provide effective platforms for the public administration to be able to communicate with society through the publication of relevant information and the creation of community dialogue spaces.]

Conjunto de datos (Metadatos, variables químicas (MDA y prolina), isótopos (d13C, d15N y C/N), variables fisiológicas (A, Ca, Ci y GSW) y biomasa aérea) correspondientes a al artículo Morillas et al., 2024. “Consistent geographical gradient of water use efficiency evidences local adaptations to drought across the complete latitudinal distribution of Quercus suber” publicado en la revista Plant Stress. Ver el resumen del artículo para más información.

Public stigmatization of women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) has begun to be studied because of its negative impact on recovery from violence. This systematic review aimed to analyze such stigmatization in low and middle-income countries (LAMIC) by identifying social norms and perceptions linked to public stigmatizing responses, such responses, negative consequences of those responses on victims, and other factors associated with public stigma. Following PRISMA guidelines, five databases were searched using “stigma” and multiple synonyms of IPV as keywords. Selected articles were empirical, written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and reported findings on public stigma toward women victims of IPV that had occurred in LAMIC. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Patriarchal gender roles, normalization of IPV and the consideration of violence as a private matter were the most prevalent social norms among the studies. These led to blaming, isolating and discriminating against the victim, making her feel ashamed, considering her less valuable than before suffering IPV, and dismissing or denying the abuse. Many negative consequences were identified. Anticipated public stigma, associated with not disclosing the abuse and not seeking help, was the most popular. Public stigmatization was stronger when other public stigmas intersected and in the case of disadvantaged social circumstances. Consequences were diminished by protective factors such as informal support and gender-based violence support services. This review provides a global vision for future research in each specific sociocultural context and is a first step in the design of anti-stigma programs in LAMIC.

A recent study about the ''edge effect'' phenomenon in cross-ply laminates made of ultrathin plies composites has shown the presence of a relevant stress component through the laminate thickness. This fact implies that there is a biaxial stress state in the 90° ply block, which is present both before and after the cyclic loading tests. 4 cross-ply laminates were analysed, only varying the 90° ply block thickness. In each case, the biaxial stress state was obtained, selecting the most detrimental one to analyse the Energy Release Rate (G) with respect to the fibre/matrix interface crack growth. This analysis is performed using a BEM model from a previous study of the authors. An exhaustive microscopic revision is performed both before (only sanded and polished after curing process) and after cyclic testing, corroborating the occurrence of different crack growth of the present longitudinal fibre/matrix interface debonds. In conclusion, the single fibre numerical model using BEM and the experimental microscopic observations shed light on the micromechanical behaviour of the interface cracks which are subjected to a biaxial stress state.

Nitrogen availability is key factor for plant metabolism and has a strong impact on the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites. A number of these metabolites are involved in the response to stress. In this paper, we investigated the effect of different N conditions in leaves of Lotus corniculatus. Low nitrogen conditions strongly enhanced the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in leaves, inducing the expression genes encoding for key enzymes of phenolic metabolism such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone synthase and isoflavone synthase. Kaempferol and quercetin glycosides as well as isoflavanes accumulated in leaves. Surprisingly, if the nitrogen availability was limited, but without nitrogen deprivation symptoms, an increase in the levels of phenylpropane acids and a decrease in the levels of kaempferol glycosides was detected. Especially the decrease in malonylated kaempferol derivatives and the kaempferol glycosides substituted by rhamnose in the 3-O position. The L. corniculatus malonyltransferase 1 gene is likely involved in the malonylation of the kaempferol glycosides.

Este dataset es resultado del Proyecto de I+D “Factor empresarial, ecosistemas digitales y digitalización de la pyme” (DIGIPYME), que fue seleccionado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades en el marco de la convocatoria de 2020 de Proyectos I+D+i del Plan Estatal 2017-2020 Generación Conocimiento. El objetivo central del proyecto es analizar el proceso de transformación digital de la pyme española, con especial atención a la microempresa, identificando los factores que pueden facilitarlo y obstaculizarlo, así como el impacto sobre los resultados empresariales. El proyecto se plantea, como un segundo objetivo general, estudiar el rol del factor empresarial en el liderazgo del proceso de transformación digital de la pyme. Así pues, se analizará el impacto que tienen las características que delimitan el perfil personal del (de la) empresario (a) en el desarrollo y los resultados del proceso de transformación digital en la pyme. Finalmente, un tercer objetivo general de este proyecto es investigar el papel que la formación de ecosistemas digitales puede jugar en el proceso de transformación digital de la pyme. Las relaciones de colaboración formales e informales que se despliegan en dichos ecosistemas entre empresas, instituciones públicas, asociaciones y organizaciones intermedias puede estimular, acelerar y fortalecer los procesos de transformación digital en las pymes, ayudándoles a afrontar las limitaciones que su reducido tamaño y las deficiencias en determinados recursos (financieros, humanos y organizativos) generan para este tipo de empresas. Los datos proceden de una encuesta dirigida a empresarios/gerentes de PYME en España. El marco muestral de la encuesta fue diseñado a partir de los datos del Directorio Central de Empresas –DIRCE- (INE). La definición operativa de PYME que se empleó en esta investigación es la de toda empresa que cuente al menos con un asalariado, pero que disponga de menos de 200 trabajadores. La estructura del cuestiona

Identity development is a key task during emerging adulthood. The goals of the present study are to validate the Spanish version of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) and to explore the relationship between identity dimensions and adjustment (flourishing and distress), from a gender perspective. The sample comprised 1502 Spanish university students (60.1% women). The results reveal that the DIDS is valid in the Spanish context and that significant gender differences were observed in some dimensions of identity development, with men scoring higher for identification with commitment and women scoring higher for exploration in depth and ruminative exploration. Finally, both dimensions of commitment and ruminative exploration had a stronger effect on men's than on women's adjustment, suggesting that the integration of the self has more impact on men's outcomes than on women's. These findings highlight the need to include the gender perspective in all future research in order to gain deeper insight into the relationship between the identity development process and adjustment during emerging adulthood.

This paper describes the methodology used for the data collection and calculation of erosion rates and presents the recent results for the period 2001-2019 for all the beaches of the Andalusian shoreline. This period is divided into two subperiods (2001-2011 and 2001-2019) to detect possible trend changes during the study years. The proxy corresponding to the internal limit of the backshore has been used, which is very useful for medium to long-term coastal erosion rates. The results show the rates calculated for this proxy, which reveal a high presence of artificially stabilised sectors where the inward migration of the shoreline associated with it is hindered, together with an intensification of the retreat rates in natural sections. Similarly, there is a clear differentiation between a relatively dynamic Atlantic façade with a higher percentage of erosive sectors and a Mediterranean façade highly conditioned by anthropic presence, with a lower percentage but a higher intensity in their values., El presente trabajo muestra la metodología seguida para el levantamiento de datos y el cálculo de tasas de erosión, así como el resultado de las mismas durante el período reciente de 2001-2019 para la totalidad de las playas del frente litoral de Andalucía. Dicho período es dividido, a su vez, en dos subperíodos (2001-2011 y 2001-2019), con el objetivo de detectar posibles cambios de tendencia durante los años de estudio. Se ha utilizado el indicador (proxy) correspondiente al límite interno de la playa seca (backshore), de gran utilidad para cálculos de tasas a medio-largo plazo. Los resultados recogen las tasas calculadas para este indicador, las cuales muestran una elevada presencia de sectores estabilizados artificialmente por la presencia de infraestructuras uy condicionada por su presión antrópica, que presenta un menor porcentaje, pero una mayor intensidad en los valores negativos de las tasas. longitudinales que dificultan la migración hacia el interior de la línea de costa asociada al mismo, así como una intensificación del fenómeno erosivo en aquellos tramos libres de infraestructuras. De igual forma, se constata una clara diferenciación entre una fachada atlántica relativa mente dinámica con mayor porcentaje tramos erosivos y una fachada

El cosmopolitismo es uno de los elementos fundamentales de la concepción de la justicia defendida por M.C. Nussbaum. Esta sería una de las tesis esenciales del presente ensayo. El enfoque de las capacidades (EC) defendido por ella pretende ser una alternativa a las modernas teorías del contrato. Para Nussbaum, dignidad, capacidades humanas y recursos materiales son indesligables. Del mismo modo, la perspectiva cosmopolita es una exigencia inexcusable en su teoría de la justicia. En este artículo tratamos de rastrear los distintos ingredientes de esta, sus raíces en el cosmopolitismo estoico, y también su discusión con él para afrontar los desafíos que plantea la justicia global en el presente, con una perspectiva de futuro., Cosmopolitanism is one of the fundamental elements in the conception of justice defended by M.C. Nussbaum. This will be one of the central arguments in this paper. The capability approach (CA) defended by this American philosopher aims to be an alternative to modern contract theories. For Nussbaum, dignity, human capacities and material resources are inseparable. Similarly, the cosmopolitan perspective is an indispensable requirement in Nussbaum's theory of justice. In this article, we will try to trace its different ingredients, its roots in Stoic cosmopolitanism and its discussion with the latter to face the challenges posed by global justice in the present time, with a future perspective.

En este artículo tendremos en cuenta algunas fórmulas típicas de inicio de turno o constituyentes exclusivas de turno en la historia de la literatura española. Estudiaremos la continuidad de la fórmula desde el latín y la variación diacrónica en función de preferencias discursivas (por ejemplo, en lo que respecta a la función de tópico/foco) y sistemáticas (sustitución de esquemas gramaticales, preferencias sintácticas, obsolescencia léxica, etc.). El análisis permitirá comprender la importancia de ciertas tradiciones literarias para la habitualización de determinadas fórmulas, sin olvidar que el diálogo, como categoría (macro-)genérica, es transversal a diferentes subgéneros. Por otro lado, se insistirá en la relevancia del siglo XIX como período clave en la evolución de la oralidad elaborada gracias a la proliferación de la comedia, incluidas las traducciones de los comediógrafos latinos. Concluiremos que las fórmulas dialógicas son manifestación de una tradicionalidad supraidiomática que, en numerosos casos, ha resultado invisible al investigador., This paper addresses some turn-initial or turn-exclusive formulas in the history of Spanish literature. The continuity of formulas from Latin to Romance and its diachronic variation in terms of discourse preferences (for example, regarding topic and focus function) and systematic preferences (substitution of grammatical schemes throughout history, syntactic preferences, lexical obsolescence, etc.) are discussed. The analysis helps to understand the relevance of various literary traditions for the habitualisation of formulas, without forgetting that dialogue, considered as a (macro)genre, is transversal to different sub-genres. On the other hand, the relevance of the 19th century as a key period in the development of ‘elaborated orality’ thanks to the proliferation of comedy, including the translations of Latin comediographers, is highlighted. The conclusions point out that dialogic formulas are the manifestation of a supra-idiomatic tradition which, in many cases, has been invisible to linguistic research.

In this paper, the handling of the dependent coordinates in the linearization of constrained multibody systems is clarified. To this end, a brief but comprehensive overview of linearization approaches used in the field of Multibody System Dynamics is presented. These procedures are illustrated by using a common notation and classified into four groups, depending on the initial form of the nonlinear equations of motion and the selection of the generalized coordinates (a redundant or a minimal set). The handling of the dependent coordinates in each of the procedures is discussed. The linearized equations of motion of constrained multibody systems are of great importance in several applications, such as linear stability and modal analyses, the design of linear state feedback controllers or the building of state and input estimators, like Kalman filters. When modeling a constrained multibody system, a number of coordinates greater than the number of degrees of freedom of the system is usually used. While some linearization approaches make use of the complete set of coordinates, several procedures are based on a coordinate partition in terms of independent and dependent coordinates to reduce the number of linearized equations of motion. In this latter scenario, the role of the dependent coordinates in the linearization is important and, in a general case, these dependent coordinates cannot be ignored to obtain the correct linearized equations of motion. This aspect, which may seem obvious, is not straightforward and is addressed in this work. The importance of considering the set of dependent coordinates in the linearization is demonstrated with a well-acknowledged bicycle benchmark multibody model and an electric kickscooter multibody model with rear and front suspensions. To this end, the Jacobian matrix and the linear stability results of these case studies are computed by considering different choices of independent and dependent coordinates.

Understanding the interactive effects of global change drivers on tree demog-raphy is fundamental for realistic predictions of future forest dynamics. Multiple studies have shown increasing drought and exotic pathogens to severely threaten forest persistence by increasing mortality and decreasing growth of adult trees. However, much less is known about their effects on regeneration, and how they might affect seedling performance in additive and non-additive (synergistic or antagonistic) ways.2. Here we aimed to fill this gap by experimentally exploring the effects of increas-ing drought and soil-borne pathogens on tree regeneration in two types of mixed oak forests (Quercus suber-Q. canariensis and Q. suber-Olea europaea) invaded by the exotic soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, one of the most aggres-sive plant pathogens on earth. We conducted a seed sowing experiment with oomycete-specific fungicide taking advantage of rainfall exclusion infrastructures that excluded 30% of the annual rainfall, simulating predictions of climate change models for Mediterranean systems. Seedling emergence, survival and growth of the three tree species were followed during 3 years.3. We found that neutral or positive drought effects on regeneration dominated over negative effects in the tree community. Moreover, most positive drought ef-fects on the dominant species (Q. suber) were not direct, but indirectly mediated by soil-borne pathogens. This was shown by the fact that positive drought effects disappeared with fungicide application.4. Synthesis: Overall, our results suggest that rainfall reductions predicted by climate change models for the Mediterranean region might have minor direct negative effects on early regeneration of tree species, but could play a major indirect role by limiting the negative effects of exotic pathogens on highly susceptible tree species. These findings highlight that antagonisms among global change drivers should be recognized as important forces

Ferroelectric hafnia is one of the most promising materials for next generation of non-volatile memory devices. Several strategies have demonstrated to be of interest to improve its functional properties. Interface engineering, realized by the introduction of additional layer in the capacitor structure, is demonstrated as a promising strategy. However, interface layers can have multiple implications, such as changes in the chemistry of the interfaces and an increase of depolarization field, whose effects are difficult to discriminate. The role of HfO2 and ZrO2 capping is explored on polarization, retention, endurance, and leakage properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 epitaxial films. In HfO2 capped films, lower polarization is observed, and endurance and retention are also comparably worse than in ZrO2 capped films. Complementary under illumination ferroelectric characterization and capacitance measurements indicate a reduction of defects and interface capacitance contribution in ZrO2 capped films. For both cappings, the interfaces with the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 layer are shown to be compositionally sharp and the phase of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) grains is replicated on the capping layer, indicating that electrostatic effects prevail and that the use of interface layers with high permittivity, here ZrO2, is crucial to favor good functional properties.

An all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) study was applied to three viral nanoparticles (VLPs) of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a potyvirus: the particles genetically functionalized with two peptides, VIP (human vasoactive intestinal peptide) and VEGFR (peptide derived from the human receptor 3 of the vascular endothelial growth factor), and the non-functionalized VLP. Previous experimental results showed that VIP-VLP was the only construct of the three that was not viable. VLPs subjected to our MD study were modeled by four complete turns of the particle involving 35 subunits of the coat protein (CP). The MD simulations showed differences in structures and interaction energies associated to the crucial contribution of the disordered N-terminal arms of CP to the global stability of the particle. These differences suggested an overall stability greater in VEGFR-VLP and smaller in VIP-VLP as compared to the unfunctionalized VLP. Our novel MD study of potyviral VLPs revealed essential clues about structure and interactions of these assembled protein particles and suggests that the computational prediction of the viability of VLPs can be a valuable contribution in the field of viral nanobiotechnology.

Inelastic interactions between a small, intense dipole and a weak, neutral monopole in two-dimensional flows are analysed. The neutral vortex has vanishing exterior potential flow and the interactions involve the rotational flow of the vortices. It is shown that dipoles of small-size but large-amplitude, relative to the neutral vortex, may cross the vortex and scatter while leave the vortex stable

This study focuses on characterizing a discontinuity within the Seán stalagmite (4.75-7.75 cm) by means of two nondestructive techniques: (1) high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and (2) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning (XRFCS). Micro-CT was used to study the stalagmite density, and XRFCS was applied to obtain the qualitative elemental composition and colour measurements. The new data obtained from nondestructive techniques have been combined with previously published geochemical data and fabric determinations from the same stalagmite found in Sa Balma des Quartó cave in Mallorca. The two methodologies applied in the present study have improved the characterization of the distinctive horizon. The micro-CT images identified the layer as a minor event due the high air content. The distinctive horizon is characterized by a high Ti-content, indicating the arrival of terrigenous particles. Based on those observations, together with the fact that the micrite layer appears filling the gaps between the older columnar fabric, we argue that the micrite layer may represent a major flooding event inside the cave after the year 1616 ± 23 CE and before the year 1623 ± 28 CE, which can be related to an extreme rainfall event. This hypothesis is further supported by the observed cave flooding during the autumn of 2018.

Westudynumerically a discrete, nonlinear lattice, which is formed by a chain of pendula submitted to a harmonic-driving source with constant amplitude and parametrical excitation. A supratrans mission phenomenon is obtained after the derivation of the homoclinic threshold for the case when the lattice is driven at one edge. The lattice traps gap solitons when the chain is subjected to a periodic horizontal displacement of the pivot. Discrete rogue waves are generated for the case when the pendulum is simultaneously driven and shaken. This work may pave the way for experimental generation of discrete rogue waves within simple devices.

El volumen colectivo estudiado señala un cambio de tendencia en la filosofía analítica de las últimas décadas; un “giro político de la filosofía analítica”. Los editores recogen un nuevo interés en la filosofía analítica por identificar formas específicas de injusticia, así como modos de opresión que afectan a grupos desaventajados, sin abandonar las herramientas conceptuales de la tradición de pensamiento analítico. Aspira a ser una herramienta útil para el cambio social y político, contribuyendo a la erradicación de las formas de injusticia y opresión. Triunfa en revelar como impostergable la discusión sobre el papel que juegan los factores políticos y sociales en la filosofía en general., The collective volume studied indica-tes a change in trend in analytical philosophy in recent decades; a “political turn in analytic philo-sophy”. The editors pick up on a new interest in analytic philosophy to identify specific forms of injustice, as well as modes of oppression affec-ting disadvantaged groups, without abandoning the conceptual tools of the analytical tradition. It aspires to be a useful tool for social and political change, contributing to the eradication of forms of injustice and oppression. It succeeds in revea-ling as urgent the discussion about the role played by political and social factors in philosophy in general.

Datos de caracteres para el análisis morfométrico de especies de interés taxonómico de los géneros Lactuca y Sonchus en la Península Ibérica.

The advancement of ecosystem-based management of aquatic ecosystems should no longer be limited by a lack of tools. However, a lack of comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of existing tools can form a barrier for uptake. With this chapter, we strive to more fully describe one of these tools, the spatial-temporal ecosystem model Ecospace, which is part of the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) ecosystem modeling approach and software. Changes and developments in Ecospace have been faster than documented in recent years. Many features of Ecospace, including the most recent that have not been described before, are detailed in this chapter. The applications highlighted showcase the multitude of uses of the spatial application of EwE, which, especially due to expansion of the capabilities to incorporate the effects of environmental change, has facilitated its use outside of fisheries management to protection of biodiversity, ecosystem restoration and environmental impact assessment. New applications of Ecospace can truly contribute to advance modeling of cumulative impacts and management alternatives in marine ecosystems, and can be of interest to inform sectoral and intersectoral policy

Effects of high-pressure shift freezing (HPSF) at 200 MPa/-20 °C on physical, functional and thermal properties of egg white and egg yolk from three egg types were studied. The phase transition time in HPSF was shorter compared to atmospheric freezing (about 25% for egg yolk and 56% for egg white) due to the high degree of supercooling. The effect of freezing on functional properties seems to be related to different degrees of protein denaturation depending of the freezing/pressure level. Partial protein unfolding (suggested by higher free sulfhydryl) was observed after freezing at atmospheric pressure, especially for egg yolk. On the other hand, higher protein aggregation due to lower thermal denaturation enthalpy (50% in egg yolk and 70% in egg white) was found in HPSF samples, supported by decrease of protein solubility, disappear of electrophoretic bands and increase in viscoelasticity (G′ and G″ values).

Granzymes (Gzms), a family of serine proteases, expressed by immune and nonimmune cells, present perforin-dependent and independent intracellular and extracellular functions. When released in the extracellular space, GzmA, with trypsin-like activity, is involved in the pathophysiology of different inflammatory diseases. However, there are no validated specific systems to detect active forms of extracellular GzmA, making it difficult to assess its biological relevance and potential use as a biomarker. Here, we have developed fluorescence-energy resonance-transfer (FRET)-based peptide probes (FAM-peptide-DABCYL) to specifically detect GzmA activity in tissue samples and biological fluids in both mouse and human samples during inflammatory diseases. An initial probe was developed and incubated with GzmA and different proteases like GzmB and others with similar cleavage specificity as GzmA like GzmK, thrombin, trypsin, kallikrein, or plasmin. After measuring fluorescence, the probe showed very good specificity and sensitivity for human and mouse GzmA when compared to GzmB, its closest homologue GzmK, and with thrombin. The specificity of this probe was further refined by incubating the samples in a coated plate with a GzmA-specific antibody before adding the probe. The results show a high specific detection of soluble GzmA even when compared with other soluble proteases with very similar cleavage specificity like thrombin, GzmK, trypsin, kallikrein, or plasmin, which shows nearly no fluorescence signal. The high specific detection of GzmA was validated, showing that using pure proteins and serum and tissue samples from GzmA-deficient mice presented a significant reduction in the signal compared with WT mice. The utility of this system in humans was confirmed, showing that GzmA activity was significantly higher in serum samples from septic patients in comparison with healthy donors. Our results present a new immunoprobe with utility to detect extracellular GzmA activity

Uplift and unroofing of Jurassic-Cretaceous, mantle and crust, arc- and plume-related rock units in the Median Belt of the Dominican Republic exposed basement rocks with a protracted record of tectono-thermal events delineating the evolution of the northern edge of the Caribbean plate. In this article we focus on crustal rock units in the north-eastern half of the Median Belt. First Ar/Ar dating of metamorphic ferri-winchite (86.4 ± 2.5 Ma; crystallization date) and albite (82.3 ± 5.8 and 79.8 ± 1.6 Ma; cooling dates) in metabasites of boninitic photolith from the Aptian-Albian Maimón Formation in the Ozama shear zone points to a tectono-metamorphic event in the Upper Cretaceous. Beltwide, this event caused syn-metamorphic N- to NNE-directed, simple-shear dominated, mylonitic and phyllonitic deformation of the Maimón Formation at peak metamorphic conditions of 8.2 kbar and 380°C. Such conditions are consistent with subduction of a coherent portion of forearc (represented by the Maimón Formation) to depths of ~25-29 km. The tectono-metamorphic event dated here overlaps with the inception of Turonian-Coniacian SW-dipping subduction and metamorphic sole formation in a back-arc position recorded in the Moa-Baracoa ophiolite complex in neighboring Eastern Cuba. Contemporaneity between the subduction inception of forearc and back-arc portions of the Caribbean arc and the main pulse of plume activity recorded in the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) suggests that plume activity promoted general plate instability leading to a regional-scale plate reorganization. This mantle-plume-induced plate margin reorganization was coeval with the inception of the NE-dipping subduction of the Farallón plate beneath Central America leading to the definition of the Caribbean Plate by double-verging subduction zones along its northern and southwestern margins.

In this work, we have investigated the performance of a 4H–SiC radiation sensor in the temperature range from 25 °C to 450 °C to explore its compatibility as detector of fast ion losses in plasma diagnostic of future nuclear fusion reactors. To simulate the escape of fusion-born alpha particles in D-T (deuterium-tritium) fusion plasmas, spectroscopic measurements were carried out in a vacuum chamber by irradiating the detector with a 3.5 MeV alpha beam from a Tandem accelerator. The detector was found to have an energy resolution ≤2% over the entire temperature range analyzed. Relevantly, the excellent spectrometric capabilities of the device have allowed us to calculate from experimental data, with unprecedented accuracy, the average energy required to create a single electron-hole pair in 4H–SiC as a function of temperature.

A theoretical study of the interaction between melamine and CO was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP-D3(BJ)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The presence of anions interacting with melamine transforms the weakly bonded tetrel complexes into adducts. Thus, melamine acts as an FLP (frustrated Lewis pair) with acid groups (NHs as hydrogen bond donors) and a base group (N of the triazine ring). The application of the relative energy gradient formalism (REG) along the reaction coordinate has demonstrated that the ability of the melamine-anion systems to capture CO is linked to its capacity to polarize the CO molecule. These results have been confirmed by placing the melamine:CO complex in a uniform electric field with different strengths.

Understanding plant immune responses is complex because of the high interdependence among biological processes in homeostatic networks. Hence, the integration of environmental cues causes network rewiring that interferes with defense responses. Similarly, plants retain molecular signatures configured under abiotic stress periods to rapidly respond to recurrent stress, and these can alter immunity. Metabolome changes imposed by abiotic stressors are persistent, although their impact on defense remains to be clarified. In this study, we profiled metabolomes of Arabidopsis plants under several abiotic stress treatments applied individually or simultaneously to capture temporal trajectories in metabolite composition during adverse conditions and recovery. Further systemic analysis was performed to address the relevance of metabolome changes and extract central features to be tested in planta. Our results demonstrate irreversibility in major fractions of metabolome changes as a general pattern in response to abiotic stress periods. Functional analysis of metabolomes and co-abundance networks points to convergence in the reconfiguration of organic acid and secondary metabolite metabolism. Arabidopsis mutant lines for components related to these metabolic pathways showed altered defense capacities against different pathogens. Collectively, our data suggest that sustained metabolome changes configured in adverse environments can act as modulators of immune responses and provide evidence for a new layer of regulation in plant defense.

Hadron therapy is a radiotherapy modality which offers a precise energy deposition to the tumors and a dose reduction to healthy tissue as compared to conventional methods. However, methods for real-time monitoring are required to ensure that the radiation dose is deposited on the target. The IRIS group of IFIC-Valencia developed a Compton camera prototype for this purpose, intending to image the Prompt Gammas emitted by the tissue during irradiation. The system detectors are composed of Lanthanum (III) bromide scintillator crystals coupled to silicon photomultipliers. After an initial characterization in the laboratory, in order to assess the system capabilities for future experiments in proton therapy centers, different tests were carried out in two facilities: PARTREC (Groningen, The Netherlands) and the CNA cyclotron (Sevilla, Spain). Characterization studies performed at PARTREC indicated that the detectors linearity was improved with respect to the previous version and an energy resolution of 5.2 % FWHM at 511 keV was achieved. Moreover, the imaging capabilities of the system were evaluated with a line source of 68Ge and a point-like source of 241Am-9Be. Images at 4.439 MeV were obtained from irradiation of a graphite target with an 18 MeV proton beam at CNA, to perform a study of the system potential to detect shifts at different intensities. In this sense, the system was able to distinguish 1 mm variations in the target position at different beam current intensities for measurement times of 1800 and 600 s.

This work explores the potential of obtaining high-resolution thermal infrared (TIR) data provided by the Sentinel-2 (S2) & Sentinel-3 (S3) constellation in a typical semiarid agricultural environment. Maps of land surface temperature (LST) with 10–20 m spatial resolution were obtained from the synergy S2–S3 in the Barrax test site in Spain, for a set of 14 different dates in the summers of 2018–2019. Ground measurements of LST transects covering a variety of croplands and surface conditions were used for a ground validation of the disaggregation approaches. A cross validation of the LST products was also conducted using Landsat-8/TIRS images. Two recent approaches exploiting the linkages between shortwave and thermal data were adapted and tested, with differences in the inputs, the physical-mathematical framework, or the treatment of the LST residuals, and two options for the original 1 km S3 LST data were considered. Despite the large range of temperatures registered (295–330 K), differences with observed values resulted in an average RMSE < 3.0 K and a negligible systematic deviation, showing good results even in small fields ∼1 ha. Results confirm the need for appropriate adjustment techniques of the LST residuals obtained to better capture the low temperature conditions. The systematic overestimations introduced by the use of the operational sea and land surface temperature radiometer L2 LST product, and the limitations associated with certain irrigation management are discussed. Results in this work offer a solution to the lack of high-resolution satellite TIR data, and provide new opportunities for LST applications in agricultural areas.

Geochemical data of the Variscan gneisses derived from pre-Variscan intrusives and late-Variscan granitoids in the Pyrenees and the Catalan Coastal Ranges were obtained from two main sources: (1) individually mined from published articles and unpublished PhD theses (Autran et al., 1970; Guitard, 1970; Enrique, 1989; Soler and Enrique, 1989; Enrique, 1990; Soler, 1990; Gleizes, 1992; Debon et al., 1996; Arranz, 1997; Guitard et al., 1998b, 1998b; Roberts et al., 2000; Vilà et al., 2005; Casas et al., 2010; Navidad et al., 2010; Druguet et al., 2014; Laumonier et al., 2015; Navidad et al., 2018; Lemirre et al., 2019; Álvaro et al., 2021; Liesa et al., 2021; Casas et al., 2024), and (2) the GEOROC Database (Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans and Continents, Göttingen University, https://georoc.eu/; last access: 03/2024; Lehnert et al., 2000). Other Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR; Wilkinson et al., 2016) databases were searched using geographic and lithogeochemical constrains, yielding no results. The mined data were curated and classified based on the analysed rock types, ages, regional tectonic setting, and mode of occurrence in outcrop, resulting in more than 600 entries that are associated with up to 66 data fields. Associated with each entry are generic, descriptive and informative fields (Sample ID, Unit/Massif, Rock category, Rock details, Outcrop description, and References), major element oxide abundances (SiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, Fe2O3T, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, and LOI), and trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu). The resulting database, named NEIGRA (North-East Iberian GRAnitoids), represents the first Open-Access compilation of granite and orthogneiss geochemical data in the Pyrenees and the Catalan Coastal Ranges.

Lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) based on sawtooth inductors for W -band are presented in this article. A careful analysis is carried out for the cross-polarization in the inductor geometry, which brings out the absorption of the nondesired E -field component of an incident wave plane. The proposed inductor geometry with sawtooth sections demonstrates improved cross-polarization. The analytical results are verified by comparison with 3-D electromagnetic (EM) simulations. As the first proof of concept, W -band optical response is demonstrated through quasioptical characterization at room temperature of an aluminum LEKID array. Moreover, a LEKID array based on bilayer superconducting titanium/aluminum (Ti/Al) thin film is developed for evaluating the performance at millikelvin temperatures. Darkness characterization confirms the high-quality factor of the fabricated detectors and the low-frequency design reliability. In addition, cryogenic optical experiments are performed for spectroscopic and detector sensitivity characterization. The proposed geometry opens the possibility of developing large-format polarimetric cameras based on on-chip LEKID structures for future astronomical experiments.