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10 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 4 tablas.- 45 referencias.- The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c03149, Recent research has demonstrated that chemotactic bacteria can disperse inside microsized pores while traveling toward favorable conditions. Microbe–microbe cotransport might enable nonmotile bacteria to be carried with motile partners to enhance their dispersion and reduce their deposition in porous systems. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the enhancement in the dispersion of nonmotile bacteria (Mycobacterium gilvum VM552, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrader, and Sphingobium sp. D4, a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrader, through micrometer-sized pores near the exclusion-cell-size limit, in the presence of motile Pseudomonas putida G7 cells. For this purpose, we used bioreactors equipped with two chambers that were separated with membrane filters with 3, 5, and 12 μm pore sizes and capillary polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microarrays (20 μm × 35 μm × 2.2 mm). The cotransport of nonmotile bacteria occurred exclusively in the presence of a chemoattractant concentration gradient, and therefore, a directed flow of motile cells. This cotransport was more intense in the presence of larger pores (12 μm) and strong chemoeffectors (γ-aminobutyric acid). The mechanism that governed cotransport at the cell scale involved mechanical pushing and hydrodynamic interactions. Chemotaxis-mediated cotransport of bacterial degraders and its implications in pore accessibility opens new avenues for the enhancement of bacterial dispersion in porous media and the biodegradation of heterogeneously contaminated scenarios., This research was funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska- Curie grant agreement no. 895340 (BIOTAC project) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019- 109700RB-C21) .

10 páginas.- 5 figuras.- referencias, Management practices are expected to influence the capacity of forests to mitigate climate change. However, the long-term effects of afforestation on soil carbon accumulation in response to contrasting management regimes remain poorly understood. Here, we combined organic matter fractionation with a nine-year-long organic fertilization experiment to investigate the influences of largely accepted practices such as biochar (BC) and biogas-slurry (BS) inputs on the accumulation of soil particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) in three soil horizon depths (0–25, 25–50, and 50–75 cm, respectively). Our results suggested that both BS and BC significantly enhanced the POC and total soil organic carbon (SOC) content but overall did not significantly influence MAOC. Moreover, the POC and MAOC was more responsive to BS than BC. Further, our analyses revealed that the effects of BC on POC and MAOC were indirectly regulated by changes in the SOC: total nitrogen (TN) ratio, while BS influenced POC and MAOC by regulating TN. However, the responses of MAOC to the infiltration of organic fertilizers into the mineral soil should not be ignored, especially under high BC levels. Our work revealed that management practices are critical for supporting the long-term capacity of new forests to accumulate soil carbon, thereby facilitating the provision of nature-based solutions in response to climate change., This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFD2200403, 2016YFD0600204),the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32071594,32101339), and the key project of the open competition in JiangsuForestry (LYKJ[2022]01). Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo was supportedby a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(PID2020-115813RA-I00), and a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático“01—Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y lainnovaci on”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). Tingting Ren acknowledges the support of the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)

12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 46 referencias.- Supplementary Materials http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2022.0062, Antarctic deserts are among the driest and coldest ecosystems of the planet; there, some microbes survive under these extreme conditions inside porous rocks, forming the so-called endolithic communities. Yet the contribution of distinct rock traits to support complex microbial assemblies remains poorly determined. Here, we combined an extensive Antarctic rock survey with rock microbiome sequencing and ecological networks and found that contrasting combinations of microclimatic and rock traits such as thermal inertia, porosity, iron concentration, and quartz cement can help explain the multiple complex microbial assemblies found in Antarctic rocks. Our work highlights the pivotal role of rocky substrate heterogeneity in sustaining contrasting groups of microorganisms, which is essential to understand life at the edge on Earth and for the search for life on other rocky planets such as Mars., CC and LS wish to thank the Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA) for funding sampling campaigns and research activities in Italy in the frame of PNRA projects. The Italian Antarctic National Museum (MNA) is kindly acknowledged for financial support to the Mycological Section of the MNA and for providing rock samples used in this study stored in the Culture Collection of Antarctic fungi (MNA-CCFEE), University of Tuscia, Italy. LS acknowledges funding from the PNRA. MD-B is supported by a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020- 115813RA-I00), and a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 – Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). This paper was previously submitted to BioXRiv as a preprint. The preprint can be found at https://doi.org/ 10.1101/2021.08.04.455018

17 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 1 tabla.- referencias.- Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05968-x, Aims Management can largely influence the sustainability and functionality of forest plantations. However, the role of biogas-slurry and biochar application in supporting soil’s multifunctionality during afforestation remains poorly understood. Methods We conducted a six-year field experiment to examine the responses of soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) to the application of biogas-slurry applied annually as four treatments, and a single initial application of four treatments of biochar in a new poplar plantation based on a reclaimed coastal area. The EMF was calculated as the standardized average of multiple soil surrogates of soil functions linked with C, N, and P cycles. Results Both biogas-slurry and biochar had significantly positive effects on EMF and individual functions, with biogas-slurry having the strongest positive effect, thus promoting carbon stocks and nutrient availability. Furthermore, interactions between biochar and biogas-slurry produced a substantial synergistic effect on soil multifunctionality. The application of biogas-slurry significantly and directly increased the C, N, and P cycle multifunctionality (CCMF, NCMF, and PCMF, respectively). In contrast, a single application of biochar profoundly increased the CCMF but decreased the NCMF, thus requiring a trade-off of multiple elements of soil multifunctionality. Conclusions We show that organic management has the potential to boost multiple ecosystem functions during afforestation. These findings further highlight the importance of rational fertilization strategies for long-term forest management., This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFD2200403), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32071594) and the key project of the open competition in Jiangsu Forestry (LYKJ【2022】01). M.D-B. was supported by a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115813RA-I00), and a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01—Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). T.R. acknowledged support from Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC).

Comunicación oral presentada en el 1st European Meeting on Geomicrobiology of volcanic caves. días 2-3 de marzo de 2023 celebrado en la Casa de la Ciencia-CSIC de Sevilla, The HIRES-SOM project is a multidisciplinary project funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, aimed at generating knowledge on soil organic matter (SOM) and microbiota to guide novel strategies for the sustainable management of volcanic soils. The investigation will be conducted within the framework of the recent Tajogaite eruption in La Palma Island, which constitutes an optimal benchmark both for scientific research on freshly erupted materials and for the management of affected soils of high added value. Insights into the generation and resilience of SOM and of the associated microbiota will be explored with advanced biogeochemical, microbiological, mineralogy and modelling techniques [1,2]. The main goals of the project are twofold. On the one hand, it intends to assess the state and evolution of the SOM and microbiota in soils calcined by the lava flows and covered by the pyroclastic ashes. On the other hand, fundamental understanding will be sought about the initial stages of pedogenesis and consolidation of organic matter on the eruptive materials. The project intends to identify primary microbial communities and molecular precursors of organic matter in volcanic ash, lava flows and eruption-affected soils. Moreover, accelerated microbial colonization of volcanic substrates under laboratory conditions will allow monitoring photoautotrophic microorganisms that colonize natural volcanic materials, with the ultimate innovative goal of devising methods for the rapid fertilization of porous pyroclastic ashes by indigenous microorganisms for sustainable soil regeneration. References: [1] Martinez-Haya et al, Energy Fuels 35 (2021) 8699; Talanta 185 (2018) 299; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22 (2020) 19725. [2] Miller A., et al, Sci Total Environ 426 (2012) 1; Geomicrobiol. J. 31 (2014) 236; Sedimentology 65 (2018) 1482; Sci Total Environ 698 (2020) 134321; Coatings 10 (2020) 1134., The HIRES-SOM project is funded by the Ecological and Digital Transition Programme of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (grants TED2021-130683B-C21/C22).

Comunicación oral presentada en el 1st European Meeting on Geomicrobiology of volcanic caves. días 2-3 de marzo de 2023 celebrado en la Casa de la Ciencia-CSIC de Sevilla, The oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) of water are useful tracers of hydrological processes. The δ18O and δ2H of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) hydration water can be used to reconstruct the isotopic composition of the solution at the time of mineral precipitation. Here, we apply this approach to investigate the formation mechanisms of gypsum speleothems, mostly powder gypsum deposits and gypsum crusts, collected in several lava tubes of the Volcán de la Corona area (Lanzarote). The δ18O correlates linearly with δ2H (δ2H = 3.9 · δ 18O – 0.5; R2=0.8), suggesting that the solution underwent significant evaporation prior to gypsum precipitation. We observe an evaporation trajectory that departs δ18O and δ2H values that are similar to those of the mean isotopic composition of rainfall in the Canary Islands (~ –2‰ and ~ –10‰ for δ18O and δ2H, respectively). This indicates a meteoric seepage source of water for the formation of gypsum speleothems. Thus, a direct contribution of seawater can be ruled out. Previous analyses of δ34S and δ18OSO4 in similar speleothems from Lanzarote lava tubes [1] revealed that sulfate is of marine origin. We suggest that sea-spray sulfates accumulate on the soils over the lava tubes and are later dissolved and transported into the caves by infiltration water. Upon entering lava tubes, evaporation ultimately triggers the precipitation of gypsum speleothems. References: [1] Huerta et al., 2019. Sedimentary Geology 383, 136–147., This study has been funded by the TUBOLAN (PID2019-108672RJ-I00) and HIRES-SOM (TED2021-130683B-C22) research projects from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the MICROCENO project (PTDC/CTA-AMB/0608/2020) from the Portuguese FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) and the MICROLAVA research project (PROYEXCEL_00185) from the Regional Government of Andalusia. Dr. Fernando Gázquez acknowledges the Ramón y Cajal fellowship, RYC2020-029811-I of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The analyses were funded by the PALEOQUANT research project (P18-RT-871) of the Regional Government of Andalusia and the GYPCLIMATE research project (PID2021-123980OA-I00) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.

Comunicación oral presentada en el 1st European Meeting on Geomicrobiology of volcanic caves. días 2-3 de marzo de 2023 celebrado en la Casa de la Ciencia-CSIC de Sevilla, The interest in geomicrobiology is clearly raising due to its important applications in biomining, bioremediation of metal-rich waters and soils, mineral transformations, astrobiology, or space exploration activities. This emerging field of science studies the interactions of microorganisms with geological substrates. Caves provide an excellent habitat for extremely specialized microorganisms able to interact with minerals, where we can understand the role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles and biomineralization processes. These priceless subterranean resources are found worldwide and remain one of the least explored habitats on Earth. Yet, lava caves, such as those in Hawaii (USA), Canary (Spain), Azores and Madeira Islands (Portugal) have recently received particular attention due to the detection of numerous volcanic cave entrances on the Moon and Mars. Such subsurface geological settings may host microbial activity over geological timescales, offering a unique opportunity to study highly specialized microorganisms, their novel metabolic strategies, and their interactions with igneous rocks that are relevant for a wide range of disciplines. Implementing portable cutting-edge DNA-based analysis, complemented with in-depth metagenomics, as well as high resolution microscopy techniques, the diversity and function of microbial communities in speleothems from Selvagens Islands (Madeira, Portugal) and Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) lava tubes have been investigated to understand which microorganisms grow in these extreme ecosystems, which functional properties they have, and their role in constructive and/or destructive mineralization processes. Characterizing cave microbiota and the stressors (e.g., tourism, agriculture, and human habitation) threatening these subterranean environments represents a crucial step toward robustly exploring and protect these unique underground resources, allowing for implementation of future protection policies., The author thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation from the Spanish State Agency (AEI) for funding the projects TUBOLAN (PID2019-108672RJ-I00) and HIRES-SOM (TED2021-130683B-C22), the Portuguese FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) for funding the MICROCENO project (PTDC/CTA-AMB/0608/2020) and the Regional Government of Andalusia for funding the MICROLAVA research project (PROYEXCEL_00185)

Comunicación oral presentada en el 1st European Meeting on Geomicrobiology of volcanic caves. días 2-3 de marzo de 2023 celebrado en la Casa de la Ciencia-CSIC de Sevilla, During the eruption at Cumbre Vieja ridge (La Palma, Canary Islands, 2021) a radon (222Rn) detector (CORENTIUM Pro alpha particles counter) was emplaced inside the “Las Palomas” lava tube (San Juan eruption, 1949). In addition, a CO2 meter logger was emplaced to determine relationships between the 2021 eruption and radon plus CO2 inner fluxes. There is a geostructural relationship between the 1949 and 2021 eruptions, probably connected by a previous fault, shown the volcanic vents’ alignment trending NW-SE. In October 2021, the radon and CO2 loggers were moved to the upper part of the lava tube, in the San Juan volcanic vent (Llano del Banco hollow dyke). Once the eruption ended (in early 2022) both loggers were placed in one newly formed lava tube, and data will be collected in February 2023. Preliminary results show daily average radon values ranging between 2 - 9 Bq/m3, although sporadic peaks of about 270 and 650 Bq/m3 were recorded related to volcano-tectonic earthquakes and volcanic intensity. In general, basaltic eruptions of alkaline affinity show low radon values due to the low concentration in the magma body of uranium and related chemical elements (Th, Ra, etc.). Geochemical analysis of emitted lavas shows a U concentration of about 1 to 5 ppm (μg/g) and Th 9.5 ppm. Summer values of Rn increased up to 3 KBq/m3, related to the climate conditions instead of volcanic activity., This study was funded by the project CSIC 20223PAL002 “Investigación Geológica de la Erupción de 2021 en Cumbre Vieja” and partially by the project FAMRAD (PID2020-113407RB-I00): Geochemical modeling of seismic prediction from endogenous gas emission (222Rn, CO2, CH4), and earthquakes by using radioactive caves and boreholes in the Alhama de Murcia fault.

12 páginas.- 7 figuras.- 1 tabla.- referencias.- Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available at Journal of Plant Ecology online, Tropical forests are among the most productive and vulnerable ecosystems in the planet. Several global forestation programs are aiming to plant millions of trees in tropical regions in the future decade. Mycorrhizal associations are known to largely influence forest soil carbon (C) stocks. However, to date, little is known on whether and how different tree mycorrhizal types affect soil respiration (Rs) and C stocks in tropical forests. In this study, we used a three-decade tropical common garden experiment, with three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and three ectomycorrhizal (EM) monocultures, to investigate the impacts of tree mycorrhizal type on Rs and soil C stocks. Associating biotic (e.g. root biomass, litter dynamic, soil microbes) and abiotic factors (e.g. microclimate) were also measured. Our results showed that AM stands supported significantly higher Rs and soil C stock, litter turnover rate and fine root biomass than EM stands. Further statistical analysis displayed that tree mycorrhizal type was the most important factor in regulating Rs and soil C stock compared with other biotic or abiotic factors. Moreover, we found that mycorrhizal type directly and indirectly affected Rs and soil C stocks via fine root biomass and litter dynamic, i.e. litter production, litter standing crop and litter turnover rate. Our findings highlight important effects of tree mycorrhizal type on forest C cycle, suggesting that planting AM tree species could contribute to promotion of soil C stock in tropical ecosystems., This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930072, 31770559, 31600387, 31370489) and the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Program of China (BX20200133). M.D-B. is supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2018-025483-I)

12 páginas.- 6 figuras.- referencias.- Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116474, Elucidating contents and drivers of soil bacterial and fungal biomass in contrasting land uses and climates at European scale is useful to define appropriate policies for the conservation of the ecosystem services that soil microorganisms provide. Here, we aimed to (i) quantify and compare bacterial and fungal biomass in 513 European soils collected from three different land uses (forests, grasslands, and croplands) and climates (arid, temperate, and cold) through analysis of fatty acid methyl esters; (ii) model the factors controlling soil bacterial and fungal biomass; and (iii) investigating levels of bacterial and fungal biomass in cropland soils cultivated with three important crop types in Europe: cereals, oil-producing crops, and orchards. Bacterial biomass decreased with land use in the following order: grasslands > croplands > forests and was found to be the highest in temperate environments. Similar patterns were found for biomass of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Actinobacteria. Soil fungal biomass was greater in forests than in croplands and grasslands and was favoured by colder environments. The fungi to bacteria ratio (F/B) decreased as follows: forests > croplands > grasslands, with soils in colder climates showing greater F/B ratios in croplands and forests. Soil texture, soil organic carbon, and nitrogen were shown to directly drive bacterial and fungal biomass. The biomass of the different microbial groups was not influenced by the crop type when only croplands were considered. Fungi appear to be more susceptible to agricultural soil use than bacteria. Moreover, agricultural use of soil seems to buffer the effect of harsh climatic conditions on soil bacterial biomass. The present study improves our understanding of the combined effects of land use and climate on soil bacterial and fungal biomass across Europe., This publication is part of the I + D + I project PID2020-114942RB-I00 funded by MCIN/ AEI/ /10.13039/501100011033. J.A.S. acknowledges the support of the program “Juan de la Cierva Incorporación” of the “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades” (agreement no. IJC2018-034997-I). N.E. gratefully acknowledges the support of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118, 202548816). The LUCAS Survey is coordinated by Unit E4 of the Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT). The LUCAS Soil sample collection is supported by the Directorate‐General Environment (DG‐ENV), Directorate‐General Agriculture and Rural Development (DG‐AGRI) and Directorate‐General Climate Action (DG‐CLIMA) of the European Commission.

5 figuras.- 1 tabla.- This article is in Press, Journal Pre-proof, Climate change is a fundamental process affecting terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is relatively little knowledge about its impacts on soil communities, with a large degree of uncertainty regarding their resistance to predicted alterations in temperature and, particularly, precipitation. Moreover, most studies exploring the response of soil biota to predicted rainfall reduction have focused on mesic environments and soil microbes, which limit our ability to find general patterns across ecosystems and soil organisms. In this study, we analysed the impact of predicted climate change scenarios of rainfall reduction on soil food webs of Mediterranean water-limited forests using nematodes as bioindicators. We took advantage of replicated rainfall exclusion infrastructures (30% exclusion) established in Quercus forests of southern Spain in 2016 (2-year exclusion) and of southern France in 2003 (15-year exclusion) to explore the sensitivity of the soil food web to predicted reductions at short- and long-term scales. Rainfall reduction had large negative short-term effects on nematode abundance, particularly of lower trophic groups (bacterivores and fungivores). Rainfall reduction had also consistent short- and long-term impacts on community composition (decrease of fungivores, marginal increase of omnivores) and nematode-based indicators of soil food web structure (higher maturity and structure index, lower prey:predator ratio). These results can be considered indicative of a low resistance of the soil food web to rainfall reductions predicted by climate change. Overall, our findings demonstrate the sensitivity of water-limited forests to further reductions in soil water availability, which might substantially alter their soil communities and likely affect the many ecosystem processes that they control., This study was funded by the MICINN projects INTERCAPA (CGL2014-56739-R) and MICROFUN (RTI2018-094394-B-I00). P.H. was supported by a FPI-MICINN grant. L.M. was supported by the fellowship IV2 from VI-PPIT (Univ. Sevilla) and the project PID2019-108288RA-I00 (MINECO). OG acknowledges financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and by the European Social Fund through the Ramón y Cajal Program (RYC-2017-23666). Puéchabon is supported by the OSU OREME (UMS 3282) and the French national research infrastructure ANAEE-France (ANR-11-INBS-0001).

11 páginas.- 4 figuras.- referencias.- Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of this article., Soil micronutrients are capital for the delivery of ecosystem functioning and food provision worldwide. Yet, despite their importance, the global biogeography and ecological drivers of soil micronutrients remain virtually unknown, limiting our capacity to anticipate abrupt unexpected changes in soil micronutrients in the face of climate change. Here, we analyzed >1300 topsoil samples to examine the global distribution of six metallic micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co and Ni) across all continents, climates and vegetation types. We found that warmer arid and tropical ecosystems, present in the least developed countries, sustain the lowest contents of multiple soil micronutrients. We further provide evidence that temperature increases may potentially result in abrupt and simultaneous reductions in the content of multiple soil micronutrients when a temperature threshold of 12–14°C is crossed, which may be occurring on 3% of the planet over the next century. Altogether, our findings provide fundamental understanding of the global distribution of soil micronutrients, with direct implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning, rangeland management and food production in the warmest and poorest regions of the planet., The sampling included in this study were supported by the European Research Council (ERC) grant 647038 (BIODESERT), the BES grant agreement No. LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET) and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 702057 (CLIMIFUN). We would like to thank the researchers originally involved in the BIODESERT, CLIMIFUN and MUSGONET projects for their help with samplings. E.M.-J. acknowledges the Humboldt Foundation for supporting his research stay in Germany (Fellowship for Experienced Researchers) and a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-116578RB-I00). M.D.-B. is supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2018-025483-I), a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115813RA-I00) and a project PAIDI 2020 from the Junta de Andalucía (P20_00879). E.G. is supported by the Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana, and the European Social Fund grant APOSTD/2021/188 and European Research Council (ERC) grant 647038. F.T.M. is supported by European Research Council (ERC) grant 647038 and Generalitat Valenciana grant CIDEGENT/2018/041. M.D. and T.W.C. were funded by the Marc R. Benioff Revocable Trust and in collaboration with the World Economic Forum. This article is part of the contract between ETH Zurich and University of Alicante “Mapping terrestrial ecosystem structure at the global scale”. R.O.H. is supported by the Ramón y Cajal program from the MICINN (RYC-2017 22032), a PAIDI 2020 project from the Junta de Andalucía (Ref. 20_00323) and a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-106004RA-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Authors acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Initiative of Freie Universität Berlin. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

15 páginas.- 11 figuras.-. 7 tablas.- referencias, Sustainability and functioning of silvopastoral ecosystems are being threatened by the forecasted warmer and drier environments in the Mediterranean region. Scattered trees of these ecosystems could potentially mitigate the impact of climate change on herbaceous plant community but this issue has not yet tested experimentally. We carried out a field manipulative experiment of increased temperature (+2–3 °C) using Open Top Chambers and rainfall reduction (30%) through rain-exclusion shelters to evaluate how net primary productivity and digestibility respond to climate change over three consecutive years, and to test whether scattered trees could buffer the effects of higher aridity in Mediterranean dehesas. First, we observed that herbaceous communities located beneath tree canopy were less productive (351 g/m2) than in open grassland (493 g/m2) but had a higher digestibility (44% and 41%, respectively), likely promoted by tree shade and the higher soil fertility of this habitat. Second, both habitats responded similarly to climate change in terms of net primary productivity, with a 33% increase under warming and a 13% decrease under reduced rainfall. In contrast, biomass digestibility decreased under increased temperatures (−7.5%), since warming enhanced the fiber and lignin content and decreased the crude protein content of aerial biomass. This warming-induced effect on biomass digestibility only occurred in open grasslands, suggesting a buffering role of trees in mitigating the impact of climate change. Third, warming did not only affect these ecosystem processes in a direct way but also indirectly via changes in plant functional composition. Our findings suggest that climate change will alter both the quantity and quality of pasture production, with expected warmer conditions increasing net primary productivity but at the expense of reducing digestibility. This negative effect of warming on digestibility might be mitigated by scattered trees, highlighting the importance of implementing strategies and suitable management to control tree density in these ecosystems., Este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto MICINN DECAFUN ( CGL2015-70123-R ) y la Asociación de Amistad Hispano-Francesa (AVENIR-DIALOGO). MD Hidalgo-Galvez fue financiado por un contrato de ' Formación de Investigador Personal (FPI)' ( BES-2016-078248 ).

11 páginas.- 5figuras.- 1 tablas.- referencias.- Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.agee.2023.108449 .- This work was framed in the net of experiments of the “Unidad Asociada Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en Agricultura” (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla)., Climate change, especially in Mediterranean countries, might have a detrimental effect on agro‑ecosystems and agricultural production, as well as on the price, quantity and quality of the products. This study assesses the potential impact of drought predictions on a faba bean crop, and evaluates the adoption of conservation tillage practices to reduce this effect. For this purpose, a rainfall exclusion experiment was carried out in a Mediterranean rotation in Southwest Spain, where a long-term tillage experiment was running since 2008. Soil water storage (SWS), crop productivity and mineral nutrition, plant ecophysiology and biomass quality, as well as the colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria were evaluated over one growth cycle to study the combined effect of different tillage systems - non-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and traditional tillage (TT)- and rainfall reduction. Rainfall reduction had a negative impact on faba bean germination on the TT system, and on its aboveground biomass across the three tillage systems, but did not affect grain production. The percentage of biomass yield reduction by rainfall exclusion was 30% for NT, 50% for RT and 20% for TT. In the case of RT, low yields were influenced by a high incidence of weeds under rainfall reduction. The negative effect of water exclusion was especially evident on photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance across all tillage types, while leaf water potential was affected by drought only in the TT system. These ecophysiological indicators were positively associated to some variables of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and Rhizobium nodulation in roots. Changes in the patterns of symbiotic interactions in response to drought depended on the tillage type. We conclude that, despite no effect on soil water storage, in the conservation tillage systems the increase in the mycorrhizal colonization in roots, particularly under NT, could be beneficial for plants to face drought stress. However, in a scenario of reduced rainfall it will be necessary to invest more resources in weed control under RT., This study was funded by FEDER funds research projects US-1260627 (Programa Operativo FEDER, Junta de Andalucía), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2021–122628OB-I00 WASTE4DROUGHT and project CGL2017-85891-R DEGRAMED) and European funds. L. Morales thanks the Ministry of Science and Innovation for her FPI fellowship (PRE2018–084467). This work was framed in the net of experiments of the “Unidad Asociada Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en Agricultura” (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).

Conferencia presentada en Goldschmidt 2022, Honolulu, USA and online 10-14 julio 2022, Moonmilk deposits is a well-known and widespread example of calcium carbonate biomineralization in subterranean environments. Moonmilk structure is spongy and wet during an emerging and growing active phase, while becoming crumbly, powdery and, finally, crusting during an evolved phase. The microbiota of moonmilk deposits varies throughout these development stages [1]. The RNA/DNA ratios also indicate an inactivation of microorganisms from incipient moonmilk toward consolidated deposits of calcium carbonate [2]. Therefore, a variety of biochemical mechanisms would be involved at each stage of moonmilk formation that could play a significant role in the carbon geochemical cycle. We quantify the CO2 and CH4 fluxes from microbial communities associated to moonmilk from Pindal cave (northern Spain), using a field-deployed chamber-based gas exchange system coupled with a cavity ring-down spectrometer for a simultaneous and real-time δ13C geochemical tracing. Moonmilk deposits were characterized by metagenomics analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons in terms of composition and ecological functionality, particularly those related with the cycle of both gases. Gas flux measurements show a continuous one-way CO2 efflux from moonmilk as well as a continuous one-way CH4 consumption from the cave air. These fluxes are intensified in the emerging and growing active phase of moonmilk. We found the key functional microbial groups in the moonmilk formation (Crossiella and the lineage wb1-P19) concluding that syntrophic relationships are established between bacteria, including ammonification (production of NH3 and CO2) → nitrification → CO2 capture and NH3 consumption triggering the fixation of the excess CO2 as calcite. Methylomonaceae is the main methanotrophic family responsible for the intense CH4 oxidation, up to 90% the atmospheric CH4 entering the cave environment. This research reveals moonmilk as a remarkable effective deposit in carbon sequestration. [1] Park et al (2020), Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 613. [2] Sanchez-Moral et al (2012), Geomorphology 139-140,285-292., This study was supported the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation through project PID2019-110603RB-I00, MCIN/AEI/FEDER, UE/10.13039/501100011033

4 páginas.- 1 figuras.-1 tabla.- 8 referencias.- Descripción del póster presentado en el 16th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp (EWLP) Gothenburg, Sweden, June 28 – July 1, 2022, In the present work, the lignin from papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) pith and rind were isolated and studied in detail by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). The lignins from both parts of papyrus culms differed greatly in composition and structure. In the rind, the lignin was composed mainly of G-units, while the lignin in the pith was slightly enriched in Sunits. The differences in composition influenced the lignin interunit-linkage distribution. Moreover, 2D-NMR analyses revealed that the lignins from papyrus incorporated considerable amounts of cinnamates (p-coumarates and ferulates) and were highly acylated at the γ-OH. DFRC analyses proved that p-coumarates were the main acylating groups, predominantly acylating the S-lignin units. In addition, the rind lignin, and to a lesser extent the pith lignin, contained significant amounts of tricin and other flavonoids (naringenin chalcone, naringenin and dihydrotricin) incorporated into their structure., This work was supported by the project PID2020-118968RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and the project P20-00017 funded by the Regional Andalusian Government. MJR thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for a FPI fellowship (PRE2018-083267). The support by the Austrian Biorefinery Center Tulln (ABCT) is gratefully acknowledged

Póster en pdf y resumen con 4 páginas.- 2 figuras.- 8 referncias.- presentado en el 16th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp (EWLP) Gothenburg, Sweden, June 28 – July 1, 2022, In the present work, we report the occurrence of hydroxystilbene glucosides (isorhapontin, astringin, and piceid), in the lignin fraction of Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark. According to the data obtained by derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, these hydroxystilbene glycosides appear to be incorporated into the lignin polymer. DFRC released the corresponding aglycones isorhapontigenin, piceatannol, and resveratrol, together with glucose, indicating that at least a fraction of the hydroxystilbene glucosides is incorporated into the lignin structure through β-ether bonds. NMR analysis provided additional information regarding the lignin composition and structure, and demonstrated that the hydroxystilbene glucosides are integrated into the lignin polymer and are not present as free molecules., This work was supported by the project PID2020-118968RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and the project P20-00017 funded by the Regional Andalusian Government, Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/FEDER. HK, JR were funded by the DOE Office of Science DE-SC0018409

Póster PO2-04 en pdf y resúmen extendido de 4 páginas.- 2 figuras.- 8 referencias.- del póster PO2-04 presentado en el 16th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp (EWLP) Gothenburg, Sweden, June 28 – July 1, 2022, In this study, we have found for the first time that various classes of flavonoids, namely naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydrotricin, and tricin, are incorporated into the lignin polymer of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) rind. Identification of flavonoids was performed by analysis of the compounds released from the lignin by derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (the DFRC method), as well as by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopic analysis, and comparing with authentic standards., This work was supported by the project PID2020-118968RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and the project P20-00017 funded by the Regional Andalusian Government, Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/FEDER. HK, VIT, JR are funded by DOE Office of Science DE-SC0018409.

10 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 66 referencias.- Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2023.105896., Changes in climatic and environmental conditions can affect both, plant chemical molecular and atomic composition. Therefore, biomass carbon isotope composition is frequently used to gain information about the environmental conditions at the time a plant thrives. In this field, most studies use isotope values obtained from bulk samples. However, these values are a weighted average of the different plant compounds. The isotopic characterization of individual compounds represents a relevant analytical advance able to differentiate the isotopic composition of the main plant components i.e., polysaccharides, lignin, polypeptides, lipids, waxes, etc. Here, we investigate the link between molecular and isotope composition of bark and lignin extracted from three Eucalyptus species (E. grandis, E. dunnii and a hybrid E. grandis X E. dunnii) using pyrolysis compound-specific isotope analysis (Py-CSIA). This technique, although not widely used, has been previously developed and applied, with different variants, to characterize plant products including lignin, sugars, and terpenes. Retrieved results for both bark and lignin samples showed the isotopic differences regarding the diverse biogenic groups, accounting for a 13C-enrichment in polysaccharides up to 2.5‰ compared to lignin methoxyphenols, which is consistent with the fractionation during metabolization of the plant. A strong positive correlation was found between the bulk isotope and compound-specific values, especially when applying a weight factor related to the relative abundance of each compound, which support the analytical suitability of this technique. Despite that bark from different origins provide very similar pyrolysis patterns, isotopic composition of relevant specific compounds can make the difference giving additional valuable information. © 2023 The Authors, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN) for INTERCARBON project (CGL2016-78937-R). L. San Emeterio also thanks MICIN for funding FPI research grant (BES-2017-07968). N.T. Jiménez-Morillo was supported by a “Ramón y Cajal” contract funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR”.

8 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 81 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00567-7, Interactions between soil organic matter and minerals largely govern the carbon sequestration capacity of soils. Yet, variations in the proportions of free light (unprotected) and mineral-associated (protected) carbon as soil develops in contrasting ecosystems are poorly constrained. Here, we studied 16 long-term chronosequences from six continents and found that the ecosystem type is more important than soil age (centuries to millennia) in explaining the proportion of unprotected and mineral-associated carbon fractions in surface soils across global biomes. Soil carbon pools in highly productive tropical and temperate forests were dominated by the unprotected carbon fraction and were highly vulnerable to reductions in ecosystem productivity and warming. Conversely, soil carbon in low productivity, drier and colder ecosystems was dominated by mineral-protected carbon, and was less responsive to warming. Our findings emphasize the importance of conserving ecosystem productivity to protect carbon stored in surface soils. Soil organic carbon pools in productive tropical and temperate forests are more labile than those in drier colder ecosystems where mineral-protected organic carbon dominates, according to analyses of 16 long-term chronosequences from six continents., M.D.-B. and P.G.-P. were supported by Ramón y Cajal grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2018-025483-I and RYC2018-024766-I). This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 702057 and the Spanish State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (2013–2016), award ref. AGL201675762-R (AEI/FEDER, UE). M.D.-B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 Objetivo temático “01—Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). C.P. acknowledges support from the EU H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101000224. F.B. acknowledges support from CSIC i-LINK + 2018 (LINKA20069), PID2020-114942RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and Fundación Séneca from Murcia Province (19896/GERM/15).

The constant provision of plant productivity is integral to supporting the liability of ecosystems and human wellbeing in global drylands. Drylands are paradigmatic examples of systems prone to experiencing abrupt changes in their functioning. Indeed, space-for-time substitution approaches suggest that abrupt changes in plant productivity are widespread, but this evidence is less clear using observational time series or experimental data at a large scale. Studying the prevalence and, most importantly, the unknown drivers of abrupt (rather than gradual) dynamical patterns in drylands may help to unveil hotspots of current and future dynamical instabilities in drylands. Using a 20-y global satellite-derived temporal assessment of dryland Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), we show that 50% of all dryland ecosystems exhibiting gains or losses of NDVI are characterized by abrupt positive/negative temporal dynamics. We further show that abrupt changes are more common among negative than positive NDVI trends and can be found in global regions suffering recent droughts, particularly around critical aridity thresholds. Positive abrupt dynamics are found most in ecosystems with low seasonal variability or high aridity. Our work unveils the high importance of climate variability on triggering abrupt shifts in vegetation and it provides missing evidence of increasing abruptness in systems intensively managed by humans, with low soil organic carbon contents, or around specific aridity thresholds. These results highlight that abrupt changes in dryland dynamics are very common, especially for productivity losses, pinpoint global hotspots of dryland vulnerability, and identify drivers that could be targeted for effective dryland management., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (43), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

5 páginas.- 1 figura.- 1 tabla.- 6 referencias.- enlace al artículo https://revistas.rcaap.pt/rca/article/view/28500/21378, La investigación objeto de esta publicación ha sido posible gracias a la financiación del Proyecto “Aplicación de biochar de residuos agrícolas para reducir el estrés hídrico e incrementar el carbono estable del suelo en plantaciones de olivar” realizado con la Beca Leonardo a Investigadores y Creadores Culturales 2020 de la Fundación BBVA. Se agradece al CSIC la financiación del proyecto PIE 20214AT021. La Dra. A. Miller agradece al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación la financiación del contrato RYC2019-026885-I.

19 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 98 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05292-x, Soils are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems1. However, unlike for plants and animals, a global assessment of hotspots for soil nature conservation is still lacking2. This hampers our ability to establish nature conservation priorities for the multiple dimensions that support the soil system: from soil biodiversity to ecosystem services. Here, to identify global hotspots for soil nature conservation, we performed a global field survey that includes observations of biodiversity (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and functions (critical for six ecosystem services) in 615 composite samples of topsoil from a standardized survey in all continents. We found that each of the different ecological dimensions of soils—that is, species richness (alpha diversity, measured as amplicon sequence variants), community dissimilarity and ecosystem services—peaked in contrasting regions of the planet, and were associated with different environmental factors. Temperate ecosystems showed the highest species richness, whereas community dissimilarity peaked in the tropics, and colder high-latitudinal ecosystems were identified as hotspots of ecosystem services. These findings highlight the complexities that are involved in simultaneously protecting multiple ecological dimensions of soil. We further show that most of these hotspots are not adequately covered by protected areas (more than 70%), and are vulnerable in the context of several scenarios of global change. Our global estimation of priorities for soil nature conservation highlights the importance of accounting for the multidimensionality of soil biodiversity and ecosystem services to conserve soils for future generations., This project received funding from the British Ecological Society (agreement LRA17\1193; MUSGONET). C.A.G. and N.E. were funded by DFG–FZT 118, 202548816; C.A.G. was supported by FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/2340/2020; M.D.-B. was supported by RYC2018-025483-I, PID2020-115813RA-I00\MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and P20_00879. M.A.M.-M. and S.A. were funded by FONDECYT 1181034 and ANID-PIA-Anillo INACH ACT192057. J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from IF/00950/2014, 2020.03670.CEECIND, SFRH/BDP/108913/2015 and UIDB/04004/2020. Y.-R.L. was supported by 2662019PY010 from the FRFCU. L.T. was supported by the ESF grant PRG632. F.B. and J.L.M. were supported by i-LINK+2018 (LINKA20069) funded by CSIC. C.T.-D. was supported by the Grupo de Biodibersidad & Cambio Global UBB–GI 170509/EF. C.P. was supported by the EU H2020 grant agreement 101000224. H.C. was supported by NSFC32101335, FRFCU2412021QD014 and CPSF2021M690589. J.P.V. was supported by DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) SERB (EEQ/2021/001083) and BHU-IoE (6031).

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been associated with survival in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and other lymphoma types. The maturation and differentiation of tissue macrophages depends upon interactions between colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and its ligands. There remains, however, a lack of consistent information on CSF1R expression in TAMs. A new monoclonal antibody, FER216, was generated to investigate CSF1R protein distribution in formalin fixed tissue samples from 24 reactive lymphoid tissues and 187 different lymphoma types. We also analysed the distribution of CSF1R+, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages by double immunostaining, and studied the relationship between CSF1R expression and survival in an independent series of 249 cHL patients. CSF1R+ TAMs were less frequent in B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma than in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and cHL. HRS cells in cHL and, with the exception of three cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, the neoplastic cells in NHLs, lacked detectable CSF1R protein. A CSF1R+ enriched microenvironment in cHL was associated with shorter survival in an independent series of 249 cHL patients. CSF1R pathway activation was evident in the cHL and inactivation of this pathway could be a potential therapeutic target in cHL cases. This work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PI12/1832), and Spanish Cancer Research Networks-RTICC (RD12/0036/0060), cofunded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and the Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC Scientific Foundation). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Sí

The Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) cofactor Cdh1 modulates cell proliferation by targeting multiple cell-cycle regulators for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Lack of Cdh1 results in structural and numerical chromosome aberrations, a hallmark of genomic instability. By using a proteomic approach in Cdh1-null cells and mouse tissues, we have identified kinesin Eg5 and topoisomerase 2α as Cdh1 targets involved in the maintenance of genomic stability. These proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded through specific KEN and D boxes in a Cdh1-dependent manner. Whereas Cdh1-null cells display partial resistance to Eg5 inhibitors such as monastrol, lack of Cdh1 results in a dramatic sensitivity to Top2α poisons as a consequence of increased levels of trapped Top2α-DNA complexes. Chemical inhibition of the APC/C in cancer cells results in increased sensitivity to Top2α poisons. This work identifies in vivo targets of the mammalian APC/C-Cdh1 complex and reveals synthetic lethal interactions of relevance in anticancer treatments. We thank Angeles Almeida, Thomas U. Mayer, William T. Beck, Anthony A. Hyman, Jan-Michael Peters, Eusebio Manchado, and Scott Lowe for reagents. M. E., A.J.L.-C., and M.A.-F. were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, the AECC Scientific Foundation, and the EU-PEOPLE programme, respectively. Work in the O.F.-C. laboratory was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; SAF2011-23753), the Association for International Cancer Research (120229), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the European Research Council (ERC-210520). Work in the H.Y. laboratory was funded by grants from Marie Curie Cancer Care and Cancer Research UK. Work in M.M.'s laboratory was funded by grants from the Foundation Ramon Areces, MINECO (SAF2012-38215), the OncoCycle Programme (S2010/BMD-2470) from the Comunidad de Madrid, and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (MitoSys project; HEALTH-F5-2010-241548). Sí