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Native to the tropical Americas, guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important crop in Brazil. However, the emergence of so-called guava decline, a complex disease resulting from root parasitism by the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback) in association with opportunistic fungi, has decimated guava orchards across Brazil and in other countries. In the present study, seminiferous guava accessions were vegetatively propagated by minigrafting and their genotypes preserved for resistance reassessment in clones to confirm or not host plant reactions. The results indicated a highly virulent parasite, high host suitability of the P. guajava species, and widely varying reactions among plants of the same genotype and between different genotypes, demonstrating that the strategy of preserving the germplasm and reassessing reactions in clones may be important in identifying and selecting germplasms with a degree of resistance to M. enterolobii. The progeny of cv. Paluma P02R5R2 obtained the lowest average parasite reproduction factor (RF = 22.11) among the genotypes evaluated and was; therefore; classified as moderately resistant and preserved for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise econômica de dois sistemas de produção de mudas do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis com Eucalyptus urophylla. Os dados foram obtidos em um viveiro localizado no Estado de Minas Gerais e pertencente a uma Empresa Florestal. Foram quantificados os custos de produção de mudas produzidas através do sistema de miniestaquia (SM) e do sistema utilizando sementes (SS). Os dois sistemas apresentam resultados economicamente viáveis, porém, a lucratividade variou entre eles, sendo maior no SS. A análise econômica é importante para o planejamento e implantação da atividade.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bioscience Journal is the property of Bioscience Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present work, the objective is to evaluate or reduce the mini-cuttings of Croton urucurana Baill., Made from different positions of the plant branch and different recipients. As the used mini-cuttings were collected from mini-stumps, originating from the propagation of seminars. The procedures were organized in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with two types of containers (55 cm³ and 110 cm³) and three types of minicuttings in relation to the position in the plant branch (apical, semi-woody and woody). The design used was randomized blocks, with 4 replications. The experiment was installed in the greenhouse and after 25 days it was transferred to the shade house, where it remained for 10 days, totaling 35 days. Prohibited when leaving the greenhouse and shade as variables, in percentage: rooting, savings - considering live and unrooted mini-cuttings, budding and leaf maintenance. In both statistics there was a significant interaction for the percentage of leaf maintenance, with the container with variable variables and the type of minicutting in rooting, survival and sprouting being found or with significant effect. As for rooting, in estimated embassies, if the mini-cuttings of apical origin result in better rooting when compared to the woody ones, although they did not differ statistically from the semi-wood ones. In view of the results obtained, we conclude that: mini-cuttings made from apical and semi-wood parts of the branch of the optimized matrix plant or rooting; 55 cm³ or 110 cm³ containers can be used for vegetative propagation of Croton urucurana by mini-cutting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds of the species Inga edulis are recalcitrant and lose viability quickly, which restricts seedling production at only a certain time of the year. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the potential of mini-cutting and the influence of different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the vegetative propagation of Inga edulis. The vegetative material was collected from juvenile plants from a clonal mini-garden. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five replications and each experimental unit with eight cuttings. Treatments consisted of different IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg kg-1). The percentage of live and rooted mini-cuttings, number of roots emitted from the base, longest root length, total number of roots, fine root length, total root length, root surface area, weighted average root diameter, root volume, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, specific root length, specific root surface area, and root density were analyzed after 45 days in a greenhouse. All Inga edulis mini-cuttings survived, and rooting was over 85%. IBA concentrations had no significant effect on most of the analyzed variables. However, exogenous auxin concentration between 2000 and 4636.96 mg kg-1 provided mini-cuttings with a higher number of roots, surface area, and root volume. Rooting of juvenile Inga edulis mini-cuttings may occur without the use of IBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of Luehea divaricata minicuttings under two different cultivation periods in a greenhouse environment. The minicuttings were immersed in a hydroethanolic solution containing IBA. All minicuttings survived after 30 and 60 days of cultivation. Root formation at 30 days of cultivation with 1000 mg L-1 of IBA was 91.7%, the same rate as that observed with 4000 mg L-1. At the 1000 mg L-1 concentration, the number of roots was the greatest among all treatments, with 8.42 roots per minicutting after 30 days of cultivation. After 30 days of cultivation, the formation and number of roots with the use of 1000 mg L-1 of IBA in the "pulse" treatment produced the best outcome results, allowing the plants to spend less time in a greenhouse at a reduced concentration of auxin when compared with other treatments. However, to obtain higher averages of secondary root formation, root length, and number of leaves, it is necessary to increase the cultivation period to 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetative propagation is an alternative for the production of mate plantlets; however, there is a lack of information in the literature that addresses the viability of the cultivar Cambona 4 in a mini-hedge system, which stands out in the consumer market due to high productivity and smooth taste of the leaves. Like this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the survival of mini-stumps and production of mini-cuttings of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) cultivar Cambona 4 in different collections carried out in seminal mini-hedge system in fiberglass structure. After 60 days of establishment of the mini-hedge, four collection of mini-stumps sprouts were carried out in march, april, june and july 2015, totaling 137 days between the first and last collection. In each collection, the percentage of mini-stumps survival, number and length of shoots (cm) and the productivity of the mini-stumps (number of mini-cuttings with one bud produced by mini-stump) was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, containing four treatments (collection times), with 40 replications each. The mini-stumps presented 100% survival during the experimental period. For the variable length of sprouts, it was verified that the collections march, april and july 2015 were statistically higher, as well as presented the highest averages of mini-cuttings production by mini-stumps. The "canaletão" mini hedge system in fiberglass structure is technically feasible, as it allows to obtain high rates of survival of the mini-stumps and productivity of mini-cuttings of mate, cultivar Cambona 4, in collections made in the months of march, april and july. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forestry researchers often evaluate minicutting vegetative propagation of Australian cedar (Toona ciliata) as a viable technique for this species. However, the adoption of minigarden systems for commercial propagation still requires viability and quality testing of saplings produced after multiple harvests. In the present work, we evaluate survival, growth, and quality of Australian cedar saplings grown from minicuttings originating from multiple harvests of ministumps planted in gutter or tube systems. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial treatment structure (two minigarden systems and four minicutting harvests). For the gutter system, six minicutting harvests were performed 50, 86, 115, 149, 177 and 212 days after planting ministumps, whereas for the tube system, four harvests were performed 115, 149, 177 and 212 days after planting ministumps. At the end of each sapling production cycle (105 days after each minicutting harvest), saplings were evaluated for survival, foliar area, dry mass of aerial parts, number and length of adventitious roots, dry mass of the root system, height to diameter ratio, ratio between the dry mass of aerial parts and dry mass of root system, and Dickson’s Quality Index. Sapling survival was not affected by minigarden system, except for a reduction observed in fourth cycle saplings from the tube system. Sapling quality was also similar between systems. However, sapling growth potential decreased with production cycle, indicating that ministumps lose vigor with multiple harvests.

Abstract Mini-cutting is a technique with large applications in various crops, mainly due to the increase in the percentage and quality of adventitious roots, reducing time for the formation of clonal seedlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate IBA levels and substrates on the rooting of UENF/CALIMAN 02 hybrid papaya mini-cuttings. To perform the experiment, papaya mini-cuttings were taken from mother plants grown in pots in greenhouse, induced to produce shoots through pruning and growth regulator applications. Mini-cuttings were fixed in vermiculite or coconut fiver substrates placed in alveolate trays with 4.5x4.5x5.0 cm cells, and styrofoam trays were placed in plastic trays where different IBA levels were added in a modified Hoagland solution. After 45 days, rooted buds were transplanted to plastic pots of 600 mL of volume with soil, sand, well-cured bovine fertilizer, in the proportion of 3:1:1, remaining for 45 days. When they were taken from pots, roots were carefully washed, and the length of shoots, length of the largest root, dried mass of shoots and radicular system and root percentage were measured. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block 5 x 2 factorial design, with 5 IBA levels: 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 mg L-1, two substrates: vermiculite and coconut fiber, three replicates, with six plants per replicate. IBA levels of 5.0 mg L-1 and substrate vermiculite are the most adequate for the rooting of ‘UENF/CALIMAN 02’ papaya mini-cuttings in semi-hydroponic system in alveolate styrofoam trays with 4.5x4.5x5.0 cm cells.

The minicutting is a promising vegetative propagation technique. This study makes a contribution to the advancement of knowledge in the propagation of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) (Myrtaceae), native tree of Brazil, with potential for ecological restoration, exploitation by food, cosmetic and medical industries, and can improve the life in rural communities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of the minicutting technique in the vegetative propagation of Surinam cherry, through productivity and survival of ministumps, and rooting of minicuttings treated with different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the successive collections. Ministumps were obtained from seedlings produced by Surinam cherry seeds, which were grown in root plugs, and their tips were trimmed so as to stimulate shoot growth. From these ministumps eight successive collections of shoots (minicuttings) were made. A completely randomized experimental design was used in an 8 x 4 factorial arrangement (eight collection times of minicuttings and four concentrations of IBA), with four replications and 20 minicuttings as an experimental unit. The survival rate of the ministumps was 99.28% with mean yield of 362 minicuttings per m2 per month was obtained, considering 2.5 minicuttings per ministump per collection every 51 days. The greatest mean production of minicuttings occurred in the collection 4 (summer) and the least in the collection 8 (winter). Adventitious rooting was observed ranging from 57.2 (collection 6) to 97.2% (collection 1). The minicuttings derived from the first five collections made up to 247 days after installation of minigarden exhibit significantly greater rooting indices than those derived from the last three collections, in addition to the better quality of the root system. The rooting of minicuttings from seminal origin of Surinam cherry is enhanced with the use of IBA at concentrations of around 2,500 mg L-1.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da redução foliar no enraizamento de dois tipos (apicais e intermediárias) de miniestacas e microestacas de quatro clones híbridos de Eucalyptus globulus. Foram realizadas avaliações quanto ao percentual de sobrevivência, raízes emitidas na extremidade inferior do tubete, enraizamento, altura, diâmetro do colo e massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Aos 90 dias de idade, pôde-se concluir que as estacas apicais sem e com redução foliar foram superiores às intermediárias e os clones se comportaram de maneira diferenciada em relação ao enraizamento das miniestacas e microestacas. A propagação vegetativa por estacas apicais sem redução foliar pode ser recomendada para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globuluse de Eucalyptus grandis x E. globulus.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of the collection time in rooting capability of mini-cuttings to develop a selection strategy to maximize genetic gain from selection and to facilitate the identification of canjerana clones with potential for vegetative propagation. A clonal mini-hedge was established with 22 canjerana clones and mini-cuttings were collected in three different times during the vegetative growth season. The percentages of survival, rooting and shooting, the number and length of roots and shoots and the number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump were evaluated. The clones were clustered by the nonhierarchical k-means method for the number of rooted mini-cuttings in each collection time. Clone selection was based upon the sum of ranks and genetic gain from selection was estimated. The collection time of canjerana shoots affects the rooting capability of mini-cuttings. Selection of canjerana clones should be based upon the number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump, during the whole season of vegetative growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a resistência de genótipos de P. cattleyanum a M. enterolobii. O experimento foi conduzido em DIC, com seis tratamentos, constituídospor cinco genótipos de P. cattleyanum, pela goiabeira 'Paluma' (testemunha) e oito repetições constituídas por clones desses genótipos. A classificação quanto à resistência foi determinada de acordo com o fator de reprodução (FR), avaliado aos 135 dias após inoculação com o nematoide. Os genótipos de P. cattleyanum avaliados foram resistentes a M. enterolobii com FR iguais ou inferiores a 0,2.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509815721O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal a caracterização morfoanatômica da rizogênese adventícia de miniestacas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas de minicepas estabelecidas em minijardim clonal, conduzido em sistema semi-hidropônico em canaletas com fertirrigação. Para a caracterização histológica do processo de rizogênese das miniestacas foram coletadas amostras teciduais aos 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 dias após o estaqueamento em casa de vegetação climatizada, para enraizamento. As amostras foram fixadas em FAA70%, desidratadas em série etílica e incluídas em metacrilato. Os resultados revelaram a origem endógena de primórdios radiculares a partir do câmbio vascular e, em alguns casos, a proliferação e a formação de uma massa de células desorganizadas (calos) em miniestacas dos clones avaliados, entre 8 e 12 dias de idade.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes padrões de miniestacas no enraizamento e produção de mudas do híbrido do Eucalyptus grandis Hill x E. urophylla S.T. Black no verão e no inverno. Experimentos com cinco clones e 12 diferentes padrões de miniestacas foram conduzidos em duas épocas do ano (verão e inverno). A sobrevivência e enraizamento das miniestacas foram avaliados na saída da casa de vegetação e na saída da casa de sombra e, a pleno sol, a sobrevivência, a altura, o diâmetro do colo, o peso de massa seca da parte aérea e o da raiz. Os resultados indicaram que a manutenção das folhas é importante para o enraizamento de miniestacas de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, e as folhas basais obtiveram maiores valores de enraizamento. Mudas produzidas no verão, utilizando miniestacas de 10 cm de tamanho, tiveram maior crescimento. A metodologia de não redução das folhas mostrou-se procedimento adequado para produção de mudas nas duas épocas do ano.The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of different patterns of mini-cuttigs on rooting and production of hybrid Eucalyptus grandis Hill x E. urophylla S. T. Black hybrid in summer and winter. Experiments with five clones and 12 different patterns of mini-cuttings were conducted in two seasons (summer and winter). The survival and rooting were evaluated ate the output greenhouse and output of the shade and in full sun, survival, height, diameter, the dry weight of shoot and root. The results indicated that the maintenance of leaves is important for rooting mini-cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis Hill x E. urophylla S. T. Black hybrids, and the basal leaves had higher values of rooting. Seedlings produced in summer, using cuttings of 10 cm in size, had higher growth's methodology leaves no reduction procedure proved suitable for seedling production in both seasons.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e rizóbio no enraizamento, crescimento e nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan) propagadas via miniestaquia. Foram utilizadas seis progênies, das quais foram confeccionadas miniestacas com um par de folhas inteiras, bem como tubetes de 55 cm³ contendo substrato comercial Bioplant®. Foram testados quatro tratamentos: 8 kg m-3 de superfosfato simples (SS) misturados ao substrato; 4 kg m-3 de SS misturados ao substrato; 4 kg m-3 de SS misturados ao substrato e adição de suspensão contendo rizóbios; e 4 kg m-3 de SS e adição de suspensão contendo rizóbios e 5 g de solo contendo esporos de FMAs. Não houve interação entre os tratamentos para percentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas e percentagem de miniestacas com raízes observadas na extremidade inferior do tubete, na saída da casa de vegetação (30 dias) e da casa de sombra (40 dias), provavelmente em função do sistema radicular ainda estar em formação. Houve diferenças entre as progênies para percentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas, percentagem de miniestacas com raízes observadas na extremidade inferior do tubete, altura, diâmetro de colo e massa seca da parte aérea. As avaliações das características de crescimento das miniestacas enraizadas, principalmente com relação à sobrevivência a pleno sol (140 dias), evidenciam a eficiência dos rizóbios e FMAs na produção de mudas desta espécie. Conclui-se que a associação simbiótica com rizóbio e/ou FMA favorece a produção de mudas de A. macrocarpa via miniestaquia.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987553The Toona ciliata (Australian cedar), originated from Australia showed high acclimatization in Brazil, where it found appropriate conditions for its growth, particularly in southern Bahia and throughout the southeastern region. However, the plantings presented irregular stems. Besides the seeds are a limiting resource, in result of their production seasonality and short viability period. This study aimed the evaluation of the quality of cuttings grown from 6 cm length apical, middle and basal mini-cutting positions of the sprouts of the mini-strains - from seminal origin - and the initial growth of cuttings. It was established a multi-clone mini-garden containing a total of 284 mini-strains. After cutting off the sprouts of the seedlings - to originate the mini-strains - the mini-cuttings from the above different positions were collected. At the lifting time of the rooting sector, dry mass weight of shoot and root, length, diameter, number of adventitious roots and survival data were collected. The height and diameter were monitored fortnightly, starting from 80 days after the staking of the mini-cuttings. At the end of the production cycle, the dry mass weight of shoot, the root number, the diameter and the length of root cuttings were evaluated. Thirty percent of the cuttings were transplanted to pots of 3.8 L, in the open air where the height and basal diameter, the dry mass of shoot, the leaves and the roots were measured 60 days after the transplanting. Cuttings originated from the basal mini-cuttings at the end of the lifting time of the rooting sector, showed the highest height and diameter, however no difference was pointed out regarding to the basal diameter of cuttings originated from the middle position. There were no differences related to the shoot dry mass and the adventitious root number, the dry mass weight, the total length and the diameter of the adventitious roots of cuttings in relation to the mini-cutting positions in the sprouts. The survival was high, averaging 94.7% for the apical, 96.3% for the middle and 96.6 for basal position. Sixty days after transplanting, despite the differences in the diameter and the height of the cuttings at the end of the nursery phase, no difference in the height, the diameter and the dry mass weight of shoots, the leaves and the roots as pointed out in the treatments.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987552The planted forest stands aim to supply the growing demand for wood, especially for the sawing and veneer industries, that exclusively used wood from native forests. The Australian cedar (Toona ciliata) belongs to the family Meliaceae, is the species of interest for this sector. Studies with the Australian cedar propagation have carried out in latest years, mainly involving the use of mini-cuttings due to the need for high quality cuttings. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the rooting and the productive capacity of Australian cedar mini-strains, managed in lifted seedbeds and 180 cm3 plastic tubes systems. So, two mini-clone gardens were set up. The mini-strains of both gardens were grown from cut-off seedlings originated from seeds. Successive collections of sprouts were carried out to get the mini-cuttings. Afterwards, they remained in the rooting area under intermittent mist. Thirty days later the rooting characteristics of the cuttings originated from both mini-gardens were evaluated. The period of permanence of the cuttings in the gardens was seven-month long. During this period, six collections from the lifted seedbed and four from the plastic tubes were carried out. The mini-strains in the two systems showed 100% of survival rate. At the end of this seven-month period, an increasing tendency of the average number of mini-cutting was found out in both systems. Those from the lifted seedbed showed more productivity than those ones from the tubes. The plants from the mini-cuttings of the tube showed higher number and length of adventitious roots at the end rooting stage.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do intervalo de tempo entre coleta/preparo e estaqueamento no enraizamento de miniestacas em quatro clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, arranjo bifatorial com parcelas subdivididas, tendo os intervalos de tempo nas parcelas (0, 2 e 4 horas) e clones nas subparcelas (C1, C2, C3 e C4), em três repetições de 192 plantas cada. Avaliou-se o enraizamento e a sobrevivência de miniestacas na saída da casa de vegetação e casa de sombra, a sobrevivência, o crescimento e a qualidade do sistema radicular de mudas aos 50 dias de idade. Em três dos quatro clones estudados, períodos de armazenamento das miniestacas superiores a 2 horas causam redução significativa no percentual de enraizamento e na sobrevivência das mudas aos 50 dias de idade. No entanto, o clone C2 apresenta a máxima eficiência técnica para enraizamento na saída da casa de sombra e para sobrevivência das mudas aos 50 dias, quando suas miniestacas são armazenadas por, respectivamente, 2,3 e 2,5 horas; assim como apresenta maior crescimento em altura, quando armazenadas por 4 horas. Em todos os clones, mudas provenientes de miniestacas armazenadas por 4 horas apresentam qualidade do sistema radicular inferior ao sistema radicular de mudas obtidas a partir de miniestacas com 0 e 2 horas de armazenamento.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos cofatores hidroquinona, prolina e triptofano, associados ao regulador de crescimento AIB (ácido indolbutírico) na propagação vegetativa pelo enraizamento de miniestacas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas no minijardim clonal realizado em sistema de hidroponia em canaletas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, constituído de quatro concentrações para cada cofator e quatro clones, em quatro repetições e parcelas compostas de 16 plantas/repetição. Foram realizadas avaliações na casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e ao sol nas miniestacas enraizadas. Concluiu-se que o triptofano (0,8 mg L-1) e a hidroquinona (0,2 a 0,4 mg L-1), aplicados associados ao AIB, melhoraram o enraizamento em três clones dos quatro clones avaliados; enquanto a prolina (0,2 a 0,4 mg L-1), aplicada associada ao AIB, promoveu melhoria expressiva no enraizamento das miniestacas nos quatros clones estudados, evidenciando ser entre os cofatores testados o mais eficiente.

Cada uma das fases do processo de miniestaquia é essencial para o sucesso da produção de mudas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o tempo para o enraizamento em miniestacas de cinco clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis e ajustar modelos que melhor expressem o comportamento dos materiais genéticos durante o processo rizogênico. O processo de enraizamento das miniestacas foi conduzido em casa de vegetação climatizada, e em intervalos de tempo regulares de três dias, foram realizadas avaliações do enraizamento adventício, até o 24º dia. Pelas análises, foi possível constatar peculiaridades em relação ao comportamento de cada clone durante o enraizamento e concluir que o tempo necessário para o processo difere entre os materiais genéticos, permitindo a identificação do ponto ótimo de enraizamento das miniestacas.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do regulador de crescimento ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de miniestacas apicais e intermediárias de clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus e Eucalyptus grandis x E. globulus. O enraizamento das miniestacas foi conduzido durante 30 dias em casa de vegetação climatizada e, em seguida, as mudas foram transferidas para casa de sombra, permanecendo por 10 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial triplo, constituído de dois tipos de miniestacas (apicais e intermediárias), três concentrações de AIB (0, 2000 e 4000 mg L-1) e 11 clones, em três repetições, compostas de parcelas com 12 miniestacas por repetição. Não houve efeito do AIB sobre as características avaliadas. A sobrevivência e o enraizamento das miniestacas apicais foram significativamente superiores. Houve diferença significativa entre clones quanto às características avaliadas, exceto a sobrevivência após 30 dias na casa de vegetação.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos antioxidantes ácido ascórbico, carvão ativado e polivinilpirrolidona (PVP) no enraizamento de miniestacas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas em minijardim clonal desenvolvido em sistema de hidroponia em canaletas. Experimentalmente, foram testadas cinco concentrações de ácido ascórbico, quatro de carvão ativado e sete de PVP, nos quatro clones estudados. Foram realizadas avaliações quanto ao porcentual de enraizamento e crescimento das miniestacas enraizadas em casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e pleno sol. Concluiu-se que as respostas dos clones à aplicação dos antioxidantes ácido ascórbico, carvão ativado e PVP foram variadas e específicas, indicando efeito genotípico (clone) quanto às características avaliadas.

This work aimed to evaluate the productivity and survival of Eucalyptus benthamii ministumps from seminal origin, handled in hydroponics systems and in plastic tubes. The survival differences was not verified among the handling systems studied, while for the productivity of the ministumps the hydroponic systems presented best results, with average of 8,1 minicuttings per ministumps per collection in comparison with 4,1 for the plastic tubes system. These results allowed to conclude that the handling of the ministumps in tubes and in hydroponic systems is technically viable, being the latter a more promising alternative for production of vegetative propagules of the species.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do modo de acondicionamento de miniestacas no processo de enraizamento de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas no minijardim clonal conduzido em sistema de hidroponia em canaletas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 5 x 4, constituído de cinco tratamentos (acondicionamento das miniestacas em posição horizontal no recipiente, em posição vertical na vermiculita, em posição vertical na vermiculita+carvão ativado, em posição vertical na vermiculita+Phytus e em posição vertical na vermiculita+PVP) e quatro clones, em quatro repetições e parcelas compostas de 16 plantas/repetição. Foram realizadas avaliações na casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e a pleno sol, quanto ao porcentual de enraizamento, altura, diâmetro de colo e massa seca da parte aérea e radicular das miniestacas enraizadas. Concluiu-se que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o acondicionamento das miniestacas em posição vertical na vermiculita, podendo ser associado com PVP, conforme o clone.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influency of the conditioning method on the rooting process of mini-cuttings of four Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clones. The mini-cuttings were collected in a mini-clonal hedge carried out in a hydroponic system in small gutters. The experimental design used was of random plots, constituted by five treatments (conditioning of the mini-cuttings in a horizontal position in the container; in a vertical position in vermiculite; in a vertical position in vermiculite+activated carbon; in a vertical position in vermiculite+Phytus, and in a vertical position in vermiculite+PVP) and four clones, in four repetitions and plots of 16 plants per repetition. Evaluations were made of the rooting percentage, height, diameter of the stem and dry mass of the aerial and root parts of the rooted minicuttings in a greenhouse, a shade house and in the open sun. It was concluded that the best results were obtained with the conditioning of the mini-cuttings in a vertical position in vermiculite and, depending on the clone, the vermiculite can be associated with PVP.

Pertencente à família Celastraceae, a espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek) é uma espécie medicinal nativa da região sul do Brasil, utilizadas no tratamento de gastrite e úlceras gástricas. Estudos sobre a produção de mudas por meio de estaquia demonstraram que esta espécie é considerada de difícil enraizamento. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos no enraizamento de miniestacas de espinheira-santa. Miniestacas apicais foram coletadas a partir das brotações das minicepas de 10 meses de idade, mantidas em casa-de-vegetação e confeccionadas com 3 a 4cm de comprimento, mantendo-se duas folhas com a superfície reduzida à metade. O plantio foi realizado em caixas contendo areia e tubetes contendo casca de arroz carbonizada, Plantmax HT® ou vermiculita de granulometria fina como substrato. As miniestacas foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente e 90 dias após o plantio, foram avaliadas as características: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número e comprimento médio de raízes, porcentagem de estacas com calos, sobrevivência e mortalidade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições de 22 estacas por parcela. A análise estatística revelou que os substratos areia (92,04%), casca de arroz carbonizada (88,66%) e Plantmax HT® (94,31%) apresentaram índices de enraizamento significativamente superiores à vermiculita (78,41%), além de menores taxas de mortalidade, sendo que a propagação vegetativa de espinheira-santa por meio de miniestaquia é viável.Espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek), which belongs to the Celastraceae family, is a medicinal species native to the south region of Brazil, used in gastritis and gastric ulcer treatment. Studies about plant production by cutting have shown that this species is considered difficult to root. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of different substrates on the rooting capacity of espinheira-santa minicuttings. Apical minicuttings with 3-4cm and two half-cut leaves were collected from 10-month-old ministump sprouts kept in a greenhouse and planted on sand boxes and polypropylene tubes filled with carbonized rice hull, Plantmax HT®or fine granulated vermiculite. The minicuttings were kept in a greenhouse under intermittent mist. After 90 days, the following variables were evaluated: percentage of rooted cuttings, number and average length of roots per cutting, percentage of cuttings presenting calluses, survival and mortality rate. A completely randomized design of four treatments with 22 minicuttings per experimental unit and four replications was used. Statistical analysis revealed that sand (92.04%), carbonized rice hulls (88.66%) and Plantmax HT®(94.31%) presented significantly higher rooting capacity and lower mortality than vermiculite (78.41%). Vegetative propagation of espinheira-santa by using minicuttings is viable.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos reguladores de crescimento AIB e ANA no enraizamento de miniestacas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas no minijardim clonal conduzido em sistema de hidroponia em canaletas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 x 4, constituído de dois reguladores de crescimento (AIB e ANA), cinco doses de AIB e ANA e quatro clones, em quatro repetições e parcelas compostas de 16 plantas/repetição. Foram feitas avaliações em casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e pleno sol, quanto ao porcentual de sobrevivência, altura, diâmetro de colo e massa seca da parte aérea e radicular das miniestacas enraizadas. Conclui-se que a utilização do AIB nas doses entre 500 e 2.000 mg L-1 mostrou-se mais eficiente do que o ANA nos quatro clones estudados.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the growth regulators IBA and ANA on the rooting of minicuttings of four clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. The minicuttings were collected in a clonal minigarden under a hydro phonic system in small gutters. The experiment was arranged in a randomized design with plots in a 2 x 5 x 4 factorial constituted of two growth regulators (IBA and ANA), five doses of each growth regulator and four clones, in four repetitions and plots of 16 plants per repetition. The evaluations were carried out in a greenhouse, a shade house and in the open sun for survival rate, height, stem diameter and dry mass of the aerial and root parts of the rooted minicuttings. It was concluded that using IBA in doses between 500 and 2,000 mg L-1 was more efficient than using ANA for the four clones studied.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tempo de armazenamento de miniestacas no processo de enraizamento de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas em minijardim clonal conduzido em sistema de hidroponia em canaletas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 6 x 4, constituído de seis tratamentos (estaqueamento após a coleta e estaqueamento após o armazenamento em câmara fria por 1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 dias) e quatro clones, em quatro repetições e parcelas compostas de 16 plantas/repetição. Foram realizadas avaliações do porcentual de enraizamento e crescimento das miniestacas enraizadas em casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e a pleno sol. Concluiu-se que o plantio das miniestacas logo após a coleta no minijardim clonal foi o que proporcionou melhor resposta ao enraizamento nos quatro clones estudados, sendo observado efeito negativo do armazenamento dos propágulos, mesmo quando realizado por curto período de tempo.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the storage time of minicuttings on the rooting process of four clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. The minicuttings were collected in a clonal minigarden carried on in a hydroponic system in small gutters. The experimental design used was of random plots, in a factorial arrangement 6 x 4, constituted by six treatments (cutting after collection, cutting after storage in cold chamber per 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days) and four clones, in four repetitions and plots of 16 plants per repetition. Evaluations of the rooting percentage and growth of the rooted minicuttings in a greenhouse, a shade house and in the open sun were made. It was concluded that planting the minicuttings right after the collection in the clonal miniorchard had the best rooting response for the four clones studied and also that there was a negative effect of the storage, even when stored for a short period of time.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência das auxinas AIB (ácido indolbutírico) e ANA (ácido naftalenoacético) no enraizamento adventício de miniestacas de clones de Eucalyptus cloeziana. Foram utilizadas miniestacas provenientes de sete clones de Eucalyptus cloeziana, estabelecidos em minijardim clonal, sendo avaliados os efeitos de AIB (0, 1.500, 3.000 e 6.000 mg L-1) na forma líquida e em pó e ANA (0, 3.000 e 6.000 mg L-1) na forma líquida. Os resultados apontaram ser a miniestaquia técnica viável na propagação vegetativa dos clones de Eucalyptus cloeziana estudados, apresentando, de modo geral, alto índice de enraizamento das miniestacas. Os clones com maior potencial de enraizamento adventício responderam mais positivamente às menores dosagens de AIB, enquanto nos clones com capacidade de enraizamento reduzida houve tendência de as maiores dosagens de AIB serem mais eficientes no enraizamento, independentemente da forma de aplicação do fitorregulador (líquido ou pó). O ANA, de modo geral, não influenciou significativamente o enraizamento das miniestacas da maioria dos clones estudados.The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the auxins IBA (indolbutyric acid) and NAA (naphtaleneacetic acid) on the adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus cloeziana clones. Minicuttings originated from seven Eucalyptus cloeziana clones established in mini-clonal hedge, were evaluated for the effects of IBA (0, 1500, 3000 and 6000 mg L-1) in the liquid and powder forms and NAA (0, 3000 and 6000 mg L-1) in the liquid form. The results showed that minicutting is a viable technique for vegetative propagation of the studied Eucalyptus cloeziana clones, with overall high rooting rates. Clones with higher adventitious rooting potential gave better response to lower IBA doses, while clones with reduced rooting potential were more efficient with higher doses, independently of the form of the applied phytoregulator (powder or liquid). NAA, in general, had no significant effect on minicutting rooting for most studied clones.

The use of microorganisms with plant growth promoting and rooting effect they have results promising for production of clonal seedlings of Eucalyptus. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluate rhizobacteria and epiphytic bacterial potential in the growth promoting and rooting of minicutting of Eucalyptus dunnii. The assay were conducted in randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 3x 3, being factors period to harvesting of shoots, four bacterial isolates and three methods of bacterial application. Percent survival of minicuttings was assessed in the end of greenhouse phase, in the end of shadow house phase and in the end of acclimation sun area phase, the minicutting rooting was evaluate after 90 days of staking of minicuttings. Thereply in the survival in the green house, shadow house and the acclimation sun area has varied according with bacterial isolates, method of applied and period assay realized. Do not observed significant effect of the isolates under rooting of the minicuttings. Based on the results concluded that bacterial isolates sometimes has beneficial effect, sometimes has nothing effect under survival and rooting of minicutting of E. dunnii. How is the first relate of the use to rhizobacteria and epiphytic bacterias as E. dunnii growth promoter and rooting, more studies are needed for confirmation of effective these microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the need of a large-scale seedling production, the application of purple nutsedge extract may represent a promising alternative, contributing to the fruit species propagation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutsedge extract on the survival rate, rooting and biomass of acerola's mini-cuttings. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, with a 5×2 factorial arrangement (five aqueous purple nutsedge extracts of nutsedge (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and two types of mini-cuttings, a pair of entire leaves and a pair of half leaves) resulting in 10 treatments with 5 repetitions and 8 mini-cuttings per repetition. The evaluations were performed at 75 days after planting, when destructive analysis were carried out for morphological characteristics. The evaluates variables were mini-cuttings survival percentage, percentage of minicuttings with sprouts, percentage of mini-cuttings with callus, percentage of minicuttings with roots, root system length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry biomass and the ratio between shoot and root dry mass. For the experiment conditions, the nutsedge extract positively influenced the survival percentage and percentage of sprouting of acerola's mini-cuttings, however the extract application did not influence the mini-cuttings biomass of, being the results observed with or without the cut on mini-cuttings leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produtividade e sobrevivência de minicepas de Eucalyptus benthamii, de origem seminal, manejados em cultivo hidropônico e em tubetes. Com relação à sobrevivência não foi constatada diferença entre os sistemas de manejo estudados, enquanto que para a produtividade das minicepas, o cultivo hidropônico apresentou resultados superiores, com média de 8,1 miniestacas por minicepa por coleta em comparação a 4,1 do sistema de tubetes. Com base nesses resultados, conclui-se que o manejo das minicepas em tubete e em cultivo hidropônico é viável tecnicamente, sendo esse último uma alternativa mais promissora para produção de propágulos vegetativos da espécie.

No presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência dos jardins clonais nas técnicas de microestaquia e miniestaquia de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis, quanto a sobrevivência, vigor e capacidade produtiva das microcepas e minicepas em coletas sucessivas de microestacas e miniestacas. As microcepas utilizadas foram oriundas de mudas rejuvenescidas por micropropagação, mediante subcultivos in vitro, e as minicepas, de miniestacas oriundas de plantas propagadas pelo método da estaquia convencional (macroestaquia). As minicepas e as microcepas apresentaram desempenho similar, tendo sido observado, para ambas, elevada taxa de sobrevivência, vigor e capacidade produtiva de material para propagação vegetativa.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of clonal gardens in the microcutting and minicutting techniques of four Eucalyptus grandis clones regarding the survival, vigor and productive capacity of the microstumps and ministumps in successive collections of microcuttings and minicuttings. The microstumps were obtained from rejuvenated tissue explants through subculture in vitro, and the ministumps by minicuttings derived from conventional rooted cuttings. The ministumps and microstumps of E. grandis exhibited similar performance, i.e., high survival rate, vigor and productive capacity of vegetative propagation material.

No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o enraizamento de cinco diferentes tipos de miniestaca (caulinar, caulinar apical, caulinar intermediária, caulinar apical desfolhada e foliar), na propagação vegetativa de cedro-rosa (Cedrela fissilis) por miniestaquia, a partir de material seminal. Os resultados obtidos quanto ao enraizamento indicaram o melhor desempenho da miniestaca caulinar, com 84% de sobrevivência das mudas aos 90 dias de idade, demonstrando o potencial da miniestaquia como alternativa na produção de mudas de cedro-rosa.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação do regulador de crescimento AIB (0, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000 mg/l) na sobrevivência, no enraizamento e no vigor das microestacas e miniestacas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis. Com relação às características de sobrevivência na saída da casa de vegetação, ao enraizamento na saída da casa de sombra e à sobrevivência das mudas aos 50 dias de idade, observou-se diversidade de resposta dos clones em relação às dosagens do AIB. Entretanto não foi verificado efeito do AIB nas características altura e diâmetro do colo, tanto na microestaquia como na miniestaquia, dos quatro clones. Constatou-se aumento nos índices de enraizamento e de sobrevivência das miniestacas nas dosagens de 1.000 e 2.000 mg/l, na maioria dos clones. Não foi observado efeito no enraizamento e na sobrevivência das microestacas, entretanto ocorreram valores iguais ou superiores aos obtidos na miniestaquia, o que indica maior vigor das microestacas em relação às miniestacas.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a dinâmica de enraizamento de microestacas e miniestacas, mediante o acompanhamento da emissão e do desenvolvimento de raízes de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis. Foram utilizadas microestacas provenientes de brotações coletadas em plantas rejuvenescidas por micropropagação e miniestacas oriundas de brotações coletadas de miniestacas enraizadas originadas de mudas propagadas pelo processo de estaquia convencional. Os resultados indicaram a maior habilidade de enraizamento das microestacas em relação às miniestacas, evidenciada através do número de raízes/estaca, comprimento total de raiz/estaca, comprimento da maior raiz/estaca, comprimento médio de raízes/estaca e peso de matéria seca de raízes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes densidades de minicepas quanto à produtividade e sobrevivência bem como os efeitos na produção e sobrevivência das miniestacas produzidas. Foram realizados dois experimentos distintos, um para cada material genético (C1 e C2) e foram avaliadas três densidades para o clone C1 (88, 75 e 57 minicepas m-2) e duas para o clone C2 (104 e 78 minicepas m-2). Foram coletadas brotações das minicepas, utilizadas na confecção de miniestacas de 6 a 10 cm de comprimento. As coletas foram iniciadas em janeiro de 2011, encerrando-se em março de 2011. As miniestacas foram plantadas em substrato composto por 50% de vermiculita e 50% de casca de arroz carbonizada sendo posteriormente conduzidas às seguintes etapas: casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e área de rustificação. Para os dois clones, a densidade com menor número de minicepas m-2 resultou em menor taxa de mortalidade das minicepas e maior produção de miniestacas por minicepa. A sobrevivência das miniestacas na primeira seleção (após a saída da casa de sombra) e das mudas na segunda seleção (50 dias após o plantio) não foi afetada pelo espaçamento utilizado para as minicepas.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the foliar nutrient content in Eucalyptus benthamii mini-stumps treated with different Zn and B concentrations during successive shoot collections. Shoots were collected from mini-stumps fertigated with nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of Zn and B (S1 - free of Zn and B; S2 - 0.5 mg L-1 Zn; S3 - 0.5 mg L-1 B; S4 - 0.5 mg L-1 Zn and B; S5 - 1.0 mg L-1 Zn and B; S6 - 2.0 mg L-1 Zn and B). Eight shoot collections from the clonal mini-garden were performed. For each shoot collection, the nutritional content of the leaf was determined (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). The experiment was conducted using a randomized design with a split plot and included three replications. The foliar macro and micronutrient contents varied significantly in relation to the treatments, and the S5 and S6 nutritive solutions presented the best responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to evaluate different densities of rooted productivity and survival as well as the effects on production and survival of cuttings produced. We performed two separate experiments, one for each genetic material (C1 and C2) and were assessed three densities for clone C1 (88, 75 and 57 ministumps m-2) and two for clone C2 (104 and 78 ministumps m-2). Shoots we collected from the ministumps and they were used in making cuttings 6-10 cm long. Sampling was initiated in January 2011, ending in March 2011. The cuttings were planted in substrate composed of 50% vermiculite and 50% of rice hulls and subsequently they were conducted in following steps: greenhouse, shade house and field hardening. For both clones, the density with smaller number of mini-stumps m-2 resulted in lower mortality rate of mini-stumps and higher production of mini-cuttings. The survival of mini-cuttings in the first selection (when exiting from the shade) and the second selection of seedlings (50 days after planting) was not affected by the spacing given the mini-stumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]