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The coastal area of the Ma river delta is formed by the interaction of continental and marine processes, between neo-tectonic activities and exogenous processes, between natural factors and human activities during the Late Holocene. Using remote sensing and geoscience research methods (granulometry, paleontology, geochemistry, clay mineralogy) and geomorphological studies (geneses, morphology, dynamics) combined with field survey, this coastal area, except the denuded mountainous remnants, could be distinguished into 12 morpho-sedimentary units formed and developed by the dynamic interactions of the river, waves and tides. The units formed by fluvial dynamics include: 1) Point bar is composed of clayey silt and sandy silt, 2) Channel bar composed of silty sand, 3) Levee with the composition of silty sand and 4) The flood plain of silty clay. The Late Holocene evolution of the Ma river delta was dominated by wave dynamics, reflected by a wave-formed association of dunes, interdune swamps and current sand beaches. The wave-formed units include 5) Dune’s sand and silty sand, 6) Back-dune depressions composed of sand silt clay, 7) Beach composed of sand, 8) Lagoon plain of silty clay and 9) Strand plain composed of silty sand. The tide-influenced units include 10) Supratidal flat with the composition of silty clay, 11) Intertidal flat characterized by clay or silty clay interbedded with thin fine sand or silty sand layers, 12) Subtidal flat of sand and silty sand.

We recently reported a standardized xeno- and serum-free culture platform to isolate and expand umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UC-MSCs). Comparing populations from the same passage, cells that were cryopreserved and culture-rescued exhibited characteristics similar to those of their fresh counterparts, continuously cultured cells without interim cryopreservation. The culture rescue after thawing allowed for the cells to be fully recovered. However, since it would be more cost-effective and timesaving if cryopreserved cells can be used as an off-the-shelf product, we set out to compare the bioactivity of freshly thawed UC-MSCs versus culture-rescued UC-MSCs of the same batch that were recultured for an additional passage under our xeno- and serum-free protocol. UC-MSCs showed high viability in both the freshly thawed and the re-cultured group. Both populations displayed a similar proliferation capacity which is indicated by a comparable population doubling time and colony-forming ability. Both freshly thawed and culture-rescued UC-MSCs expressed the characteristic immunophenotype and were capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. On the other hand, culture-rescued cells appeared to be more potent in immunosuppression than freshly thawed cells. In conclusion, freshly thawed and culture-rescued cell products share comparable bioactivity in cell growth and proliferation, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential. However, the culture-rescued cells that were allowed to grow for an additional passage appear to display a more favorable immunomodulatory potential when compared to their freshly thawed parent cells.

This paper describes a system developed to summarize multiple answers challenge in the MEDIQA 2021 shared task collocated with the BioNLP 2021 Workshop. We present an abstractive summarization model based on BART, a denoising auto-encoder for pre-training sequence-to-sequence models. As focusing on the summarization of answers to consumer health questions, we propose a query-driven filtering phase to choose useful information from the input document automatically. Our approach achieves potential results, rank no.2 (evaluated on extractive references) and no.3 (evaluated on abstractive references) in the final evaluation.

This paper describes a system developed to summarize multiple answers challenge in the MEDIQA 2021 shared task collocated with the BioNLP 2021 Workshop. We propose an extractive summarization architecture based on several scores and state-of-the-art techniques. We also present our novel prosper-thy-neighbour strategies to improve performance. Our model has been proven to be effective with the best ROUGE-1/ROUGE-L scores, being the shared task runner up by ROUGE-2 F1 score (over 13 participated teams).

This paper aims to understand how T-learning helps communities achieve better sustainability outcomes. On the basis of an intensive literature review and field research conducted in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, the paper proposes a substantial linkage between T-learning and sustainability. It first outlines the environmental changes in Vietnam's Mekong Delta, which appear to serve as "disorienting dilemmas" that force local people to learn and gradually shift their farming practices to align with a climate-resilient development. The paper relies on the outcomes of household surveys, field observations and focus group discussions to explore the impacts of T-learning on building adaptive capacity and sustainability transition in two community-based projects in Can Tho City and Ca Mau province in the Mekong Delta. Our findings reveal that T-learning enables experts and practitioners to introduce new ideas and accordingly mobilize local people to make changes without inciting doubt, dismay or concern. In an ideal T-learning approach, small-scale farmers learn from being under the supervision of experts in "field-based schools" that offer real-life experience and encourage learners to shift their livelihoods to eco-friendly agricultural practices. The paper sheds new light on how a critical approach to education for sustainable development through T-learning can be, under specific conditions, one strategy. It concludes that T-learning should be acknowledged as a potentially important part of the broader approach to climate-resilient development in vulnerable grassroots communities.

The targets and challenges of the sustainable city of tomorrow are wide. In Hanoi city (Vietnam), the sustainable aspects of the urban landscape evolution are affected by a rapid urbanization, inefficient urban spatial planning, and the pressures of contemporary socioeconomic growth. This paper describes the evolution of urban landscape in Hanoi during the period 1990–2030. The background is the urbanization and the changes in urban planning. Urban land use/land cover of Hanoi city in 1993, 2000, 2007, 2012, and 2015 is described using LANDSAT satellite images. Land use/land cover of Hanoi in 2030 is projected by the Markov–cellular automata, which are a hybrid model of Markov chain analysis, multi-criteria evaluation, and cellular automata. The results show that Hanoi is becoming a metropolis, gradually having more dynamics and more diversity, but having less green in its pattern until 2030. All over Hanoi city, the built-up areas expanded, while the non-built area and water bodies narrowed. Residential, industrial, commercial, and service areas grow increasingly faster and become dense in the southwestern and southeastern parts of the city. New lakescapes and water corridors orient new urban development. Green areas become smaller and more fragmented. Agricultural rings have been cleared and replaced by new urban areas. Planning and managing the urban evolution toward sustainable development are imperative in Hanoi. The methods described in this paper can be effective tools expected to help planners, managers, and residents to deal with these concerns in the future. Moreover, socioeconomic development, environmental protection, improving urban planning efficiency, and integrating local governance into urban planning should be prioritized for a sustainable Hanoi city in the future.

Durch die Bildungspolitik initiiert, bieten Schulen in Deutschland Schulen Fachunterricht gelegentlich zweisprachig an: in deutscher und in einer fremden Sprache, meistens Englisch. Auch das Fach Chemie wird bilingual unterrichtet, dazu existieren unterschiedliche Konzeptionen. Bilingualer Unterricht stellt hohe Anspruche an die Lehrer. Elektrisch leitende Polymere, organische Solarzellen, nanostrukturierte Materialien und photoaktive molekulare Schalter waren einige Themen fur neue Konzepte und Experimente fur den Chemieunterricht. Aktuell bleiben Themen aus dem Alltag.

Nowadays, transillumination imaging is more popular used in the medical field with the development of the vein finder and the non-invasive diagnosis applications. Near-infrared light with a wavelength of 700 - 1200 nm has relatively high transmission through biological tissue. Using near-infrared light, we can able to obtain a two dimensional (2D) transillumination image of the internal absorption structure such as blood vessel structure, liver ... in the body noninvasively. Even with a simple system (light-emitting diode (LED)'s array and low-cost camera), we could obtain the blood vessel transillumination image of human arm. However, the image is severely blurred due to the strong scattering in the tissue. We have devised the depth-dependent point spread function (PSF) to suppress the scattering effect in fluorescent imaging. In previous studies, we successfully applied this principle and developed a technique to reconstruct the absorbing structure in a turbid medium without using fluorescent material. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technique were verified in experiments. However, this point spread function (PSF) is depth dependence, so that the depth information is required in practice. In order to make this method more practical, the new techniques for estimating the parameters of absorbing structure (depth and width) in the turbid medium by convolution and de-convolution with the point spread function (PSF) were devised. This paper presents a new technique for the estimation depth of an absorber in 2D transillumination image. This new technique was developed to estimate the depth of the absorber in turbid medium by convolution operation with the point spread function (PSF). By observing images with two-wavelength selected at which the scattering property of the medium is different. The transillumination image at one of the wavelengths is convolved with the PSF of another wavelength. Two images of alternative wavelengths are compared while changing the depth of the PSF. We can obtain the correct depth that gives a minimum difference between the two convoluted images. This technique does not require the repetition of the unstable deconvolution operation. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was verified in simulation and experiment.

One of passive sensor’s limitations is its high sensitivity to weather condition during image acquiring process. Consequently, the image is often affected by cloud cover. This phenomenon severely influences the completeness of land use/cover obtained from optical satellite imagery and make image processing more complicatedly. However, the pattern of pixel values based on the season and weather changes determined from substantial remote sensing data within a region can help to reconstruct the imagery data which was missed due to the presence of clouds. Taking advantage of datasets containing a substantial amount of multitemporal images, this study proposed a method to reconstruct missed imagery data caused by cloud cover based on relationship between air temperature, humidity, visibility, rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index, direct solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, reflected radiation and spectral radiance of each pixel obtained by Beyesian Neural Network. The proposed method was applied to generate a cloud-free Landsat image. The results showed that pixels generated by the proposed algorithm are very similar to the actual pixels, especially in non-change area with percentage of correlation coefficients (R) over 0.99 is approximate to 91%. However, the similarity reduced in areas which changed significantly over time period, with the percentages of R over 0.99 are about 78%.

One major mechanism by which Rotavirus A (RVA) evolves is genetic reassortment between strains with different genotype constellations. However, the parental strains of the reassortants generated have seldom been identified. Here, the whole genome of two suspected reassortants, RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP127/2013/G1P[4] and RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP193/2013/G1P[4], with short RNA electropherotypes were examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and their ancestral phylogenies reconstructed. Their genotype constellation, G1-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2, indicated that they were G1 VP7 mono-reassortants possessing DS-1-like genetic backbones. The two strains were ≧99.7% identical across the genome. While their VP7 genes were ≧99.7 identical to that of a Wa-like strain RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP110/2012/G1P[8] which co-circulated during the 2012/2013 season, 10 genes were ≧99.8% identical to that of the DS-1-like strains RVA/Human-wt/VNM/SP015/2012/G2P[4] (and SP108) that co-circulated during the season. The identities were consistent with the phylogenetic relationships observed between the genes of the reassortants and those of the afore-mentioned strains. Consequently, the G1P[4] strains appear to have been generated by genetic reassortment between SP110-like and SP015-like strains. In conclusion, this study provides robust molecular evidence for the first time that G1P[4] strains detected in Hanoi Vietnam were generated by inter-genogroup reassortment between co-circulating G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains within the same place and season.

International audience; Hybrid analog digital (HDA) architectures have been widely used in communication systems for analog source over discrete-time memoryless Gaussian channels. They employ a linear coding scheme in the analog parts, while considering separately the design of source and channel codes in the digital parts. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous HDA schemes exploit the advantages of maintaining a joint source and channel coding design in the digital segment. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the analog parts on various outputs of the digital modules in a HDA communication system, and introduce a novel HDA architecture with adaptation for the digital parts. Such adaptation allows our system to exploit the joint effect of the analog components and the channel noise on outputs of the digital components, while simultaneously taking into consideration the unequal distribution of source code outputs. Our simulations illustrate that the proposed HDA system provides robust and graceful performance (on both bandwidth compression and expansion modes) for a wide range of channel conditions

International audience; In this paper, we estimate the effect of joint Adaptive Multirate (AMR) compression and channel coding on quality of speech data. In our simulation, speech data is transferred over AWGN channel after performing 8 AMR codec modes (corresponding to 8 different compression rates) and 12 convolution code rates. The joint effect is estimated in the receiver by analysing quality of received speech data by Mean Opinion Score. Our result shows that conventional scheme performing source coding and channel coding seperately and sequentially does not guarantee obtaining the optimal solutions for speech data

This paper presents an upper event ontology under Conceptual Structure Theory with an emphasis on formalizing the event relation type hierarchy of the ontology to enable representation and classification of event assertions. The proposed ontology essentially consists of an event type hierarchy created from basic event assertions, an event relation type hierarchy built from predicates on event types and other formal relationships between these structures. Representation of event assertions enables inference on events, which can be used in the Semantic Web for automated inference and query answering.