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Recently, many researches on convolution neural network (CNN) based in-loop filters have been proposed to improve coding efficiency. However, most existing CNN based filters tend to train and deploy multiple networks for various quantization parameters (QP) and frame types (FT), which drastically increases resources in training these models and the memory burdens for video codec. In this paper, we propose a novel variable CNN (VCNN) based in-loop filter for VVC, which can effectively handle the compressed videos with different QPs and FTs via a single model. Specifically, an efficient and flexible attention module is developed to recalibrate features according to QPs or FTs. Then we embed the module into the residual block so that these informative features can be continuously utilized in the residual learning process. To minimize the information loss in the learning process of the entire network, we utilize a residual feature aggregation module (RFA) for more efficient feature extraction. Based on it, an efficient network architecture VCNN is designed that can not only effectively reduce compression artifacts, but also can be adaptive to various QPs and FTs. To address training data imbalance on various QPs and FTs and improve the robustness of the model, a focal mean square error loss function is employed to train the proposed network. Then we integrate the VCNN into VVC as an additional tool of in-loop filters after the deblocking filter. Extensive experimental results show that our VCNN approach obtains on average 3.63%, 4.36%, 4.23%, 3.56% under all intra, low-delay P, low-delay, and random access configurations, respectively, which is even better than QP-Separate models.

In this paper, single-phase orthoferrite NdFeO3 crystals with the space group of Pbnm were successful prepared via mild hydrothermal method. The NdFeO3 crystal performs a weak antiferromagnetic behavior by magnetic measurement. The Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction in NdFeO3 crystal causes an additional canting of the antiferromagnetically ordered spins which induce the ferroelectricity. The saturation electric polarization result is 0.0163 μC/cm2 with coercive field of 6.68 kV/cm, and the Curie temperature is 430 K. So we present the direct experimental evidences that the NdFeO3 sample simultaneously exists the ferroelectricity and weak antiferromagnetic at room temperature. This work can develop a route to obtain more species of multiferroic compounds with perovskite structure.

A new three-dimensional (3-D) inorganic metal-oxygen network vanadoborate Na3H10[Ni(H2O)2(VO)6(B10O22)2]·NH4·19H2O (1) constructed from lantern-type {(VO)6(B10O22)2} clusters, NaO6 polyhedra and NiO6 octahedra, was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method. In the structure, the {V6B20} clusters are linked together through NiO6 octahedral bridges, resulting in 1-D chains along the c-axis. The 1-D chains are further connected by NaO6 polyhedra to give rise to a 3-D open-framework structure. Furthermore, lots of NH4+ and H2O molecules are accommodated in the void of the structure, and may interact with the [V6B20] system via N-HO, O-HO hydrogen bonds, constructing a complex hydrogen-bonding network system. Strikingly, compound 1 exhibited a high proton conductivity of 3.22 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 50 °C under 100% RH with an activation energy of 1.66 eV.

For the first time, bulk-like g-C3N4 was achieved through initiating layer-by-layer assembly, which involves the important process of artificially manipulating protonated and oxygen doped g-C3N4 nanosheets. When acting as a photocatalyst under UV-visible light irradiation, bulk-like g-C3N4 exhibited an excellent photocatalytic H2 production rate of 1538 μmol h−1 g−1, about 8 times higher than that of the bulk g-C3N4 counterpart.

We study the problem of knowledge tracing (KT) where the goal is to trace the students' knowledge mastery over time so as to make predictions on their future performance. Owing to the good representation capacity of deep neural networks (DNNs), recent advances on KT have increasingly concentrated on exploring DNNs to improve the performance of KT. However, we empirically reveal that the DNNs based KT models may run the risk of overfitting, especially on small datasets, leading to limited generalization. In this paper, by leveraging the current advances in adversarial training (AT), we propose an efficient AT based KT method (ATKT) to enhance KT model's generalization and thus push the limit of KT. Specifically, we first construct adversarial perturbations and add them on the original interaction embeddings as adversarial examples. The original and adversarial examples are further used to jointly train the KT model, forcing it is not only to be robust to the adversarial examples, but also to enhance the generalization over the original ones. To better implement AT, we then present an efficient attentive-LSTM model as KT backbone, where the key is a proposed knowledge hidden state attention module that adaptively aggregates information from previous knowledge hidden states while simultaneously highlighting the importance of current knowledge hidden state to make a more accurate prediction. Extensive experiments on four public benchmark datasets demonstrate that our ATKT achieves new state-of-the-art performance. Code is available at: \color{blue} {\url{https://github.com/xiaopengguo/ATKT}}., Accepted by ACM MM 2021

Deep learning-based in-loop filters have recently demonstrated great improvement for both coding efficiency and subjective quality in video coding. However, most existing deep learning-based in-loop filters tend to develop a sophisticated model in exchange for good performance, and they employ a single network structure to all reconstructed samples, which lack sufficient adaptiveness to the various video content, limiting their performances to some extent. In contrast, this paper proposes an adaptive deep reinforcement learning-based in-loop filter (ARLF) for versatile video coding (VVC). Specifically, we treat the filtering as a decision-making process and employ an agent to select an appropriate network by leveraging recent advances in deep reinforcement learning. To this end, we develop a lightweight backbone and utilize it to design a network set $\mathcal {S}$ containing networks with different complexities. Then a simple but efficient agent network is designed to predict the optimal network from $\mathcal {S}$ , which makes the model adaptive to various video contents. To improve the robustness of our model, a two-stage training scheme is further proposed to train the agent and tune the network set. The coding tree unit (CTU) is seen as the basic unit for the in-loop filtering processing. A CTU level control flag is applied in the sense of rate-distortion optimization (RDO). Extensive experimental results show that our ARLF approach obtains on average 2.17%, 2.65%, 2.58%, 2.51% under all-intra, low-delay P, low-delay, and random access configurations, respectively. Compared with other deep learning-based methods, the proposed approach can achieve better performance with low computation complexity.

Omega-3/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3/n-3 PUFAs) play an important role in male reproductive function. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of linseed oil (LO) as a source of α-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3 PUFA) on semen quality, plasma reproductive hormone and expression of key enzyme and protein related to steroidogenesis in aging layer breeder roosters. Ninety-six 57-wk-old Nongda No.3 layer breeder roosters were randomly assigned into one of four dietary treatments. All birds were fed a basal diet for 1wk and then assigned to a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0, 1, 2, 4% LO for 4 wk. After feeding trial, the roosters were slaughtered and investigated. The results showed that semen volume was dramatically increased relative to the other treatments in 2% LO group (P 0.05). With an increase in dietary LO, semen concentration, sperm viability, sperm motility and total sperm count increased linearly (P 0.05). Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increased gradually and reached a maximum when 4% LO was fed (P 0.01). Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in 1% and 2% LO group were improved significantly (P 0.05) relative to the control group. Plasma testosterone (T) levels were remarkably improved compared with the control when birds were fed 2% and 4% LO (P 0.05). A significant increase of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA expression in 2% and 4% LO group was observed relative to the control group (P 0.05). An increase in dietary LO supplementation from 1% to 4% markedly enhanced (P 0.05) the mRNA expression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) compared to the control. A significant increase (P 0.05) in the Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1) mRNA levels was observed in the 2% and 4% LO-added groups. SF-1 protein expression was markedly increased by adding LO in diets (P 0.05), and reached a maximum in 2% LO group. In conclusion, the results above suggest that dietary LO may improve semen quality by increasing the T hormone secretion, which may be related to higher StAR and P450scc mRNA expression and SF-1 expression. These findings provide a potential for using LO to attenuate the age-related sub-fertility in commercial layer breeder roosters.

A new three-dimensional (3-D) inorganic metal-oxygen network vanadoborate Na3H10[Ni(H2O)2(VO)6(B10O22)2]·NH4·19H2O (1) constructed from lantern-type {(VO)6(B10O22)2} clusters, NaO6 polyhedra and NiO6 octahedra, was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method. In the structure, the {V6B20} clusters are linked together through NiO6 octahedral bridges, resulting in 1-D chains along the c-axis. The 1-D chains are further connected by NaO6 polyhedra to give rise to a 3-D open-framework structure. Furthermore, lots of NH4+ and H2O molecules are accommodated in the void of the structure, and may interact with the [V6B20] system via N-HO, O-HO hydrogen bonds, constructing a complex hydrogen-bonding network system. Strikingly, compound 1 exhibited a high proton conductivity of 3.22 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 50 °C under 100% RH with an activation energy of 1.66 eV.

In this work, a one-step fluorometric strategy based on nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) between carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for facile detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The fluorescence of CDs was quenched up to 63.5% by AuNPs due to nucleic acid hybridization in the presence of linker DNA, which contained the complementary sequences of S. aureus-specific aptamer, and the fluorescence signal was in the “off” state. Upon aptamer addition, the CDs was released from linker DNA through the strong competitiveness of aptamer, leading to the notable fluorescence recovered. Once S. aureus is introduced, aptamer preferentially bind to the bacterial surface and cannot hybridize with complementary sequences in the linker DNA, resulting in the fluorescence signal with “off” state. Based on these findings, the performance and reliability of the fluorescence-based assay were evaluated. Compared to direct hybridization of complementary DNA on the surface of CDs and AuNPs, our sensing strategy has enhanced detection limit (10 cfu⋅mL−1) and improved linear range (10 to 106 cfu⋅mL−1) for S. aureus. Therefore, our proposed enzyme-free and label-free strategy may become a promising method for ease of operation, sensitive and selective S. aureus detection.

For the first time, bulk-like g-C

Food safety problems attributed to foodborne pathogenic bacteria seriously endanger human health and cause substantial economic losses. Novel assays for rapid and sensitive identification of foodborne pathogenic bacteria are highly desired. In this study, a multicolor sensing system has been established for simultaneous determination of four foodborne bacteria by exploiting oxidase mimicking activity of aptamer-functionalized manganese dioxide-coated ferriferrous oxide (apt-Fe

Recognizing text in natural scenes is still a very challenging task, due to arbitrary shapes, varying fonts, complex backgrounds and so on. Recently, some recognizers utilize Spatial Transform Network (STN) to rectify irregular text instances and achieve promising results. However, their robustness and accuracy are still limited, since rectification performance can be easily degraded by challenging samples. To tackle this issue, we propose a simple yet effective two-dimensional (2D) character attention module, which can enhance foreground text instances via character region awareness. By incorporating this with existing rectification pipeline, we build a novel scene text recognizer named Character Region Awareness Network (CRAN). Extensive experiments demonstrate that our CRAN outperforms previous methods nearly on all benchmarks of both regular and irregular text, particularly on SVT (+2.0%), SVTP (+1.5%) and CUTE80 (+2.1%).

Handwritten word spotting (HWS) is a task of retrieving word instances within handwritten documents, which is typically assisted by word annotations (word-level HWS). Previous methods following this paradigm are always in the manual feature modelling fashion, failing to capture sufficient discriminative information of the original input; also, they are always quite time-consuming in the artificial segmentation phase, limiting their applications in practice. To address these problems, we revisit HWS and model it on page-level via discriminative feature learning. Two distinct components modelled as neural networks are combined: word discriminative representation learning by Siamese Feature Network (SFNet) and the word discriminative spotting by Word Discriminative Spotting Network (WdsNet). Even without annotation of boxes, our WdsNet reaches impressive results on the IAM benchmark dataset with 76.8% mAP for the full page word spotting, revealing its superiority over other competitors.

Food safety problems attributed to foodborne pathogenic bacteria seriously endanger human health and cause substantial economic losses. Novel assays for rapid and sensitive identification of foodborne pathogenic bacteria are highly desired. In this study, a multicolor sensing system has been established for simultaneous determination of four foodborne bacteria by exploiting oxidase mimicking activity of aptamer-functionalized manganese dioxide-coated ferriferrous oxide (apt-Fe3O4/MnO2) nanocomposites and oxTMB etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Apt-Fe3O4/MnO2 nanocomposites were used as capture probes to recognize and capture specific bacteria. The captured bacteria blocked the catalytic sites of the magnetic conjugate, which inhibited the catalyzation of oxTMB and further reduced the etching of AuNRs. Consequently, the longitudinal shift of AuNRs decreased linearly with the increase of the concentration of bacteria ranging from 10 to 106 CFU mL−1. Instrumental detection limits for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and V. parahaemolyticus reached down to 1.3 CFU mL−1, 1.2 CFU mL−1, 1.3 CFU mL−1 and 1.4 CFU mL−1, respectively. And their visual detection limit was as low as 10 CFU mL−1. The whole detection process only needs 40 min, suggesting that this method is promising in on-site detection of bacteria.

In this paper, the YFeO 3 single-phase film is successfully prepared on SrRuO 3 /SrTiO 3 (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition method. The X-ray analysis indicates that YFeO 3 film epitaxially grows along the (010) plane and the element content of the film is Y 3+ :Fe 3+ :O 2− =1:1:3. The magnetic data shows that the film performs a weak antiferromagnetic property. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in YFeO 3 film causes an additional canting of the antiferromagnetically ordered spins which induce the ferroelectricity. The polarization value at (010) direction is 15.06 μC/cm 2 , which is larger compared to other materials with the same structure at room temperature. As a result, the work helps in finding a route to achieve more excellent multiferroic materials.

The perovskite orthoferrite SmFeO3 was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The Neel temperature of this material was found to be 655 K by temperature-dependent magnetization measurements. Magnetic field-dependent magnetization of the material at 300 K revealed typical weak ferromagnetic behaviour. Dielectric analysis showed a ferroelectric phase transition at 480 K. The structural and magnetic properties of SmFeO3 were also characterized using Mossbauer spectra, which also confirmed this structural transition. The remanent polarization determined by the positive-up-negative-down (PUND) method was approximately 0.012 μC/cm2 at 173 K. Therefore, the results presented here indicate that SmFeO3 is multiferroic at temperatures above room temperature. Our analysis shows that the material's non-centrosymmetric Pna21 structure is likely to be responsible for the ferroelectricy in SmFeO3 rather than the Pbnm structure or the magnetic structure.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been extensively studied in many livestock. However, compared with other livestock breeds, there is less research regarding donkey lncRNA function. It has been reported that lncRNA plays an important role in the timing control of development, aging, and death of livestock. Therefore, the study of donkey skeletal muscle lncRNA is of great significance for exploring donkey meat production performance. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to perform high-throughput sequencing of skeletal muscle (longissimus dorsi and gluteus) of two Dezhou donkey strains (SanFen and WuTou). The differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened between different strains and tissues. Then candidate genes for conjoint analysis were screened based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Finally, the accuracy of the sequencing data was verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Herein, we identified 3869 novel lncRNAs and 73 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Through the comparison between groups, the specific expression of lncRNAs were found in different strains and muscle tissues. Importantly, we constructed the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network and found three important candidate lncRNAs (MSTRG.9787.1, MSTRG.3144.1, and MSTRG.9886.1) and four candidate genes (ACTN1, CDON, FMOD, and BMPR1B). Analysis of the KEGG pathway indicates that the TGF-&beta, signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of skeletal muscle in Dezhou donkey strains.

The perovskite K 0.85 Ba 0.15 TaO 3+0.075 nanocrystallites have been synthesized by mild hydrothermal method for the first time. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the crystallographic structure is a primitive cubic, space group Pm-3m with a unit cell edge a =4.00 A. Heavily Ba doped in K-site was achieved in the perovskite structure with excess oxygen to balance the charge. The chemical substitution changes the crystal structure and electronic structure of KTaO 3 , which has an impact on its polarization property and induce a ferroelectric phase. The temperature-dependent dielectric response from 300 K to 600 K and hysteresis loop at 300 K provide direct evidence for the ferroelectric character. Its Curie temperature has been obtained from relative dielectric and thermal analysis ( T C =460 K).

A borate compound [Ni(en)3][B5O6(OH)4][CH3COO] (1) has been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. The newly synthesized compound was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and thermogravimetry. The three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular open-framework of compound 1 is constructed by inorganic [B5O6(OH)4]− building units and organic [CH3COO]− anions through hydrogen bonds, and the charge-balancing [Ni(en)3]2 + cations are located in 3D channels. It is very interesting that there exist two helical chains formed by [B5O6(OH)4]− building units and organic [CH3COO]− anions through hydrogen bonds in compound 1 along different axes. Magnetic measurement indicates that compound 1 exhibits paramagnetic behavior down to 4 K.

A hydrothermal method was developed to prepare blue pigments SrCuSi4O10 and BaCuSi4O10 in high yield and purity without any organic surfactants. The SEM image of SrCuSi4O10 indicates the presence of multi-layered microparticles with good dispersion. Hydrothermally synthetic Chinese blue BaCuSi4O10 forms hierarchically mesoporous microspheres, which are comprised of polydisperse aggregates consisting of sheetlike nanocrystallites. The possible growth mechanism of the hierarchical structures was discussed based on TEM images. The samples show strong near-infrared luminescence (ΦEM = 8.5% for SrCuSi4O10 and ΦEM = 6.9% for BaCuSi4O10), which is available for optical sensors.

In this paper, orthoferrite YFeO3 was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The space group of YFeO3 is Pnma and the spin state of [Formula: see text] ion is low spin (LS). The YFeO3 crystal exhibits a weak antiferromagnetic behavior by magnetic measurement. For the electrical polarization measurement, micron-scale Pt electrodes were deposited on the both sides of the YFeO3 crystal by FIB-induced deposition. The saturation polarization value is 0.1994[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C/cm2 at room temperature. The crystal exhibits ferroelectric behavior through the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction induced by additional spin canting of the antiferromagnetic ordering. This work may be applied to further study of the multiferroicity in rare-earth orthoferrites RFeO3.

The 2 D channel mixed-valent iron (II/III) monophosphate SrFe3(PO4)3 was synthesized via one step mild hydrothermal method at 210 °C and characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and magnetization measurements. Coexistence of antiferromagnetic superexchange and ferromagnetic superexchange interactions was supposed to be in the lattice according to the Goodenough–Kanamori–Anderson rules. Temperature dependent DC magnetization measurement shows that SrFe3(PO4)3 is ferrimagnet with three magnetic transitions between 2 and 350 K. Through AC magnetization measurement, re-entrant spin glass was observed due to the competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Furthermore, an interesting field induced stepped magnetization was observed in SrFe3(PO4)3 at 2 K with the saturation magnetization Ms=2.4 μB/f.u. at 5 T.

The phase-pure AgNbO3 has been prepared through the hydrothermal reactions of NH4HF2, Ag2O, and Nb2O5. The room-temperature powder X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that it crystallizes in orthorhombic perovskite lattice with a space group of Pmc21 and cell parameters a = 15.6999(9), b = 5.5521(1), and c = 5.5830(1) A. The temperatures, pH values, and times play crucial roles in obtaining phase-pure silver niobate. The structural phase transitions were observed at 813 K from cubic to tetrahedral phase and to final orthorhombic phase at 718 K, confirmed by TGA-DTA.

To explore the effects of allitridi capsules on endothelial function and clinical prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).A total of 80 CAD patients with OSAHS were randomly assigned to receive conventional treatment (control, n = 40) and additional allitridi treatment (120 mg/day, n = 40) for 6 months. Another 40 CAD patients without OSAHS and 30 healthy individuals were chosen as controls. Endothelial function was assessed by endothelium dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with high-definition color Doppler ultrasound. Serum nitric oxide (NO) and plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. The duration of follow-up was 1 year.The baseline clinical characteristics were not different between control and allitridi groups (P0.05). Compared with CAD patients without OSAHS, FMD and serum NO level were significantly lower ((7.9 ± 1.5)% vs (11.2 ± 2.9)%, P = 0.011 and (71.11 ± 10.62) vs (86.28 ± 11.03) µmol/L, P = 0.007), plasma ET-1 level was markedly higher ((112.34 ± 17.22) vs (89.87 ± 11.56) ng/L, P = 0.025) in CAD patients with OSAHS. At Month 6 post-treatment, FMD and serum NO level were significantly higher ((12.1 ± 3.1)% vs (9.1 ± 1.6)%, P = 0.020 and (105.24 ± 17.01) vs (82.39 ± 11.12) µmol/L, P = 0.001) and plasma ET-1 level in the allitridi group was lower ((77.12 ± 9.65) vs (97.77 ± 11.04) ng/L, P = 0.001) than that in the control group. At Month 12 post-treatment, the incidence of MACE was lower in the allitridi group than that in the control group (8.3% vs 15.8%, P = 0.016).Allitridi capsules significantly improved endothelial function in CAD patients with OSAHS.

To investigate the changes in respiratory and circulatory functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients during sequential invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation therapy, and evaluate the effects of this new technique.Twelve COPD patients with type II respiratory failure due to severe pulmonary infection were ventilated through an endotracheal tube. When the pulmonary infection control window (PIC-Window) occurred, the patients were extubated and were ventilated with a facial mask using pressure support ventilation combined with positive end-expiratory pressure. The parameters of hemodynamics, oxygen dynamics, and esophageal pressure were measured at the PIC-Window during invasive mechanical ventilation, one hour after oxygen therapy via a naso-tube, and three hours after non-invasive mechanical ventilation.The variation in esophageal pressure was 20.0 +/- 6 cmH(2)O during naso-tube oxygen therapy, and this variation was higher than that during non-invasive mechanical ventilation (10 +/- 6 cmH(2)O, P0.01). The changes in respiratory and circulatory parameters were not significantly different between invasive mechanical ventilation and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (P0.05).The respiratory and circulatory functions of COPD patients remained stable during sequential invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation therapy using PIC-Window as a switch point for early extubation. The COPD patients can tolerated the transition from invasive mechanical ventilation to noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

To estimate the feasibility and the efficacy of early extubation and sequential non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with exacerbated hypercapnic respiratory failure.Twenty-two intubated COPD patients with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure due to pulmonary infection (pneumonia or purulent bronchitis) were involved in the study. At the time of pulmonary infection control window (PIC window) appeared, when pulmonary infection had been significantly controlled (resolution of fever and decrease in purulent sputum, radiographic infiltrations, and leukocytosis) after the antibiotic and the comprehensive therapy, the early extubation was conducted and followed by non-invasive MV via facial mask immediately in 11 cases (study group). Other 11 COPD cases with similar clinical characteristics who continuously received invasive MV after PIC window were recruited as control group.All patients had similar clinical characteristics and gas exchange before treatment, as well as the initiating time and all indices at the time of the PIC window. For study group and control group, the duration of invasive MV was (7.1 +/- 2.9) vs (23.0 +/- 14.0) days, respectively, P0.01. The total duration of ventilatory support was (13 +/- 7) vs (23 +/- 14) days, respectively, P0.05. The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) were 0/11 vs 6/11, respectively, P0.01. The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was (13 +/- 7) vs (26 +/- 14) days, respectively, P0.05.In COPD patients requiring intubation and MV for pulmonary infection and hypercapnic respiratory failure, early extubation followed by non-invasive MV initiated at the point of PIC window significantly decreases the invasive and total durations of ventilatory support, the risk of VAP, and the duration of ICU stay.

The orthoferrite YFeO3 with orthorhombic perovskite structure (Pnma) has been synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The temperature-dependent magnetization and hysteresis loops indicate that, due to the superexchange and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in the crystals, the Fe spins order antiferromagnetically at the Neel temperature 655 K with a weak ferromagnetic moment. The observation of saturation polarization loops at room temperature and 77 K provide evidence for the ferroelectric character of the polycrystalline samples. Its Curie temperature has been obtained from the temperature dependence of the relative permittivities and thermal analysis. As a result, the structure exhibits simultaneously weak ferromagnetic and ferroelectric behavior.

The irreversible transition for octahedral Fe3+ ion in Nd3Fe5O12 garnet from low-spin (LS) (S = 1/2) state to high-spin (HS) state (S = 5/2) was induced by increasing temperature. The experimental value of entropy change of LS–HS transition is in good agreement with theoretical estimations. The crystal structure is stable below 873 K. The spin state transition corresponds to the changes of the observed magnetization and Curie temperature of Nd3Fe5O12, in which saturated magnetization is consistent with calculating value. The increase of the Curie point indicates that the change of spin state results in strength in energy of superexchange interaction between two kinds of iron ions.