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It is well-known that swimming purposes to increase the tonic-postural control. Beyond its physiological advantages, swimming also offers an exclusive platform to explore the complex interplay between body biomechanics and posture. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the effects of main swimming styles on postural balance in young athletes. Forty-one participants, aged between 11 and 15 years old (M= 13, SD= 1.47), were recruited. The training schedule usually consisted of 2/3 h (2.4 ± 0.46) per day (five to six weekly workouts). Measures included a postural assessment to identify the presence of postural deficits and a baropodometric stabilometry to evaluate the center of pressure. Measurements were performed before T0 (baseline), after 6 months (T1), and at the end, after 12 months (T2). Beforehand, all participants undertook identification of the swimming style and pain intensity level. Results showed that Breaststroke and Butterfly athletes had clear improvements in postural balance compared to Backstroke and Freestyle athletes. In conclusion, our results suggest that a detailed knowledge of the different swimming styles plays a significant role in improving balance and postural stability in young athletes, highlighting the fundamental role of the kinesiology in sports traumatology.

Background: Post-COVID-19 patients may develop impaired lung function, with reduced lung capacities and volumes, respiratory muscle weakness, and physical inactivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a detailed protocol based on breathing training with two specifically designed respiratory devices (SpiroTiger and KS Brief Stimulator) in post-COVID-19 individuals., Methods: Sixteen young volunteers were randomly allocated into two groups: experimental ( n = 8) and control ( n = 8). The experimental group performed breathing training for 12 min two times a week for 9 months (from August 2023 to May 2024). Spirometric and baropodometric measurements were recorded every 3 months to evaluate the effects of the protocol., Results: Data analysis showed significant improvements in the forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow indices, and postural parameters in the experimental group., Conclusions: In conclusion, based on the study findings, the specific breathing training protocol developed for post-COVID-19 patients has proven to be effective and significantly impacted the quality of breathing functions and the postural system.

Diabetes is a chronic disease. Some complications can be prevented, their effects can be slowed down.  Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity and consequently the predisposition to diabetes II. The article aimed to demonstrate the positive and negative effects of exercise on active and sedentary diabetics and on pathophysiology, evaluating the effects after 3 and 6 months. The study involved 90 participants, both male and female, with type II diabetes, aged 45, divided into two groups: Group A (n=50, sedentary) and Group B (n=40, active). We evaluated anthropometric parameters, blood chemistry values, which are fundamental for the transversal evaluation of the results. In group A improvements were less noticeable than group B. The most improved parameter is blood sugar, Glycemic values and BMI. Cholesterol and Hb1Ac decreased but more slowly than previous parameters. The expectations of the study were, not only in recognizing the therapeutic and preventive powers of exercise, but above all in choosing to program a motor protocol after a team work between diabetologist, sports doctor and kinesiologist and/ or personal trainer. Physical activity is an additional therapy to insulin.