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The effects in field manipulation experiments are strongly influenced by amplified interannual variation in ambient climate as the experimental duration increases. Soil respiration (SR), as an important part of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, is sensitive to climate changes such as temperature and precipitation changes. A growing body of evidence has indicated that ambient climate affects the temperature sensitivity of SR, which benchmarks the strength of terrestrial soil carbon-climate feedbacks. However, whether SR sensitivity to precipitation changes is influenced by ambient climate is still not clear. Additionally, the mechanism driving the above phenomenon is still poorly understood. Here, a long-term field manipulation experiment with five precipitation treatments (-60%, -40%, +0%, +40%, and +60% of annual precipitation) was conducted in a marsh in the Yellow River Delta, China, which is sensitive to soil dying-wetting cycle caused by precipitation changes. Results showed that SR increased exponentially along the experimental precipitation gradient each year and the sensitivity of SR (standardized by per 100 mm change in precipitation under precipitation treatments) exhibited significant interannual variation from 2016 to 2021. In addition, temperature, net radiation, and ambient precipitation all exhibited dramatic interannual variability, however, only ambient precipitation had a significant negative correlation with SR sensitivity. Moreover, the sensitivity of SR was significantly positively related to the sensitivity of belowground biomass (BGB) across six years. Structural equation modeling and regression analysis also showed that precipitation treatments significantly affected SR and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components by altering BGB. Our study demonstrated that ambient precipitation determines the sensitivity of SR to precipitation treatments in marshes. The findings underscore the importance of ambient climate in regulating ecosystem responses in long-term field manipulation experiments.

Gestational diabetes mechanism is related to lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, but its mechanism of action still needs to be explored. Whether the mechanism for astragalus polysaccharides in the treatment of gestational diabetes is related to the above factors is worth studying. 100 SD rats were in this study selected, in which 10 were set in the control group, and the rest were separated into groups, namely; positive control group, model group, low-dose group, middle-dose group, and high-dose group with 10 rats each. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway inhibitor group (inhibitor group) and AMPK pathway agonist group (agonist group) were then set respectively. In the model group, Adiponectin (APN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), insulin resistance index (ISI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and p-AMPK were lowest, and TNF-a, Leptin, MDA, TG, TC, LDL, FBG, FINS, IS, IRI, and protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expressions were highest. The APN, SOD, HDL levels, ISI index, and p-AMPK from the control group were highest, while the positive control group had lower p-AMPK expression. TNF-a, Leptin, MDA, TG, TC, LDL levels, FBG, and expressions of FINS, IS index, IRI index, and PTP1B were lowest (p < 0.05). The model group, agonist p-AMPK expression, HDL level, ISI index were lowest. PTP1B, TG, TC, LDL level, IS, IRI index expressions were the highest; while the control group, inhibitor group p-AMPK expression, HDL level, ISI index were highest. The PTP1B expression, TG, TC, LDL levels, IS, and IRI index were the lowest, while the positive control group had low expression of p-AMPK. Astragalus polysaccharides can therefore promote AMPK phosphorylation by inhibiting the expression of PTP1B protein to reduce insulin resistance and improve lipid metabolism.

Plant-mediated CH4 emission is an important part of the ecosystem CH4 emission from vegetated wetlands. Inundation depth may alter the potential magnitude of CH4 releases by changing CH4 production and plant transport, but the relationships between plant-mediated CH4 emissions and inundation depth are still uncertain, especially for estuarine wetlands with changeable hydrological processes. Besides, there are conflicting results regarding the role of inundation depth in plant-mediated CH4 emissions. Here we conducted a novel inundation depth experiment (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm inundation depth) dominated by Phragmites australis in the Yellow River estuary, China. Soil CH4 emissions, ecosystem CH4 emissions, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), soil organic carbon (SOC) and plant traits were measured during the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020. Plant-mediated CH4 emissions were the difference between ecosystem CH4 emissions and soil CH4 emissions. The results showed that inundation depth decreased soil CH4 emissions but increased ecosystem CH4 emissions. Plant-mediated CH4 transport from Phragmites australis accounted for 99% of total ecosystem CH4 emissions under different inundation depths. Inundation depth strongly stimulated plant-mediated CH4 emission from 0 to 20 cm during the growing seasons. The increased NEE enhanced plant-mediated CH4 emissions by altering production, suggesting that carbon components derived from photosynthetic carbon input may benefit CH4 production. Additionally, the increased plant height promoted CH4 emission by regulating plant transport, indicating that plant traits may play an important role in transport of CH4. Our findings indicated that NEE and plant height play an important role in plant-mediated CH4 emissions under different inundation depths in estuarine wetland. This study also highlights that hydrological regimes and plant traits are essential for the estimation of CH4 emissions in future projections of global wetland changes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

This paper employs the slack-based model directional distance function to measure the green total factor productivity of each city, using the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2019 and considering the unexpected output. The results are as follows: ① Foreign direct investment significantly suppresses the improvement of urban green total factor productivity, and the negative impact on the green technology progress index is the main reason to inhibit the increase of the green total factor productivity. The results are still significant through a series of robustness tests such as replacing variables and eliminating outliers; the positive intermediary effect of scientific and technological innovation exists, and the Sobel test and bootstrap random sampling test are passed. The upgrading of industrial structure has a positive regulating effect on the improvement of urban green total factor productivity. ② The impact of foreign direct investment on urban green total factor productivity has regional heterogeneity. The inhibitory effect of foreign direct investment on resource-based cities and non-coastal cities is greater than that on non-resource-based cities and coastal cities, and the negative impact on China-Europe train opening cities is greater than that on non-opening cities. Accordingly, the paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of improving the quality of foreign direct investment and implementing differentiated management.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is the primary chemotherapeutic drug for treating glioblastoma (GBM); however, the final clinical outcome is considerably limited by the poor response and resistance to TMZ. Although autophagy is thought to be associated with chemotherapy resistance and cancer cell survival, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family is widely distributed in vivo and exerts a range of effects on tumors; however, the expression pattern and role of SOCS in GBM remains unknown. In this study, we determined that high SOCS5 expression level was associated with poor prognosis and TMZ resistance in GBM. TMZ induced an increase in SOCS5 expression level and upregulated autophagy during the acquisition of drug resistance. The observed increase in the extent of autophagy was mediated by SOCS5. Mechanistically, SOCS5 enhances the transcription of Bcl-2. Knockdown of SOCS5 inhibited TMZ chemoresistance in GBM cells through the inhibition of Bcl-2 recruited autophagy; upregulation of Bcl-2 blocked this effect. In summary, our findings revealed the involvement and underlying mechanism of SOCS5 in TMZ resistance. SOCS5 plays a critical role in GBM chemoresistance and may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for chemotherapeutically treating drug-resistant GBM.

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of zoonotic Q fever, is characterized by replicating inside the lysosome-derived Coxiella-containing vacuole (CCV) in host cells. Some effector proteins secreted by C. burnetii have been reported to be involved in the manipulation of autophagy to facilitate the development of CCVs and bacterial replication. Here, we found that the Coxiella plasmid effector B (CpeB) localizes on vacuole membrane targeted by LC3 and LAMP1 and promotes LC3-II accumulation. Meanwhile, the C. burnetii strain lacking the QpH1 plasmid induced less LC3-II accumulation, which was accompanied by smaller CCVs and lower bacterial loads in THP-1 cells. Expression of CpeB in the strain lacking QpH1 led to restoration in LC3-II accumulation but had no effect on the smaller CCV phenotype. In the severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mouse model, infections with the strain expressing CpeB led to significantly higher bacterial burdens in the spleen and liver than its parent strain devoid of QpH1. We also found that CpeB targets Rab11a to promote LC3-II accumulation. Intratracheally inoculated C. burnetii resulted in lower bacterial burdens and milder lung lesions in Rab11a conditional knockout (Rab11a(−/−) CKO) mice. Collectively, these results suggest that CpeB promotes C. burnetii virulence by inducing LC3-II accumulation via a pathway involving Rab11a.

In this work, a two-dimensional hybrid model, which consists of a bulk fluid module, a sheath module and an ion Monte-Carlo module, is developed to investigate the modulation of ion energy and angular distributions at different radial positions in a biased argon inductively coupled plasma. The results indicate that when the bias voltage amplitude increases or the bias frequency decreases, the ion energy peak separation width becomes wider. Besides, the widths of the ion energy peaks at the edge of the substrate are smaller than those at the center due to the lower plasma density there, indicating the nonuniformity of the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) along the radial direction. As the pressure increases from 1 to 10 Pa, the discrepancy of the IEDFs at different radial positions becomes more obvious, i.e. the IEDF at the radial edge is characterized by multiple low energy peaks. When a dual frequency bias source is applied, the IEDF exhibits three or four peaks, and it could be modulated efficiently by the relative phase between the two bias frequencies. The results obtained in this work could help to improve the radial uniformity of the IEDF and thus the etching process.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of IL-10 secretion B cells (B10 cells) in SIVmac239-infected Rhesus macaques and the effects of B10 cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome progression. Methods Flow cytometry was applied to quantify CD4

Soil moisture remarkably influences soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and is one of the key variables in ecological models influencing changes in soil carbon (C) storage. However, the mechanisms determining the impact of soil moisture on SOC decomposition in coastal wetlands are poorly understood. We collected and incubated soil samples from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta, China, to investigate the response of SOC decomposition (the sum of CO2–C and CH4–C) to soil moisture. Soil samples were incubated at 20%, 60%, 100%, 140% and 180% water holding capacity (WHC), respectively. Compared to drought condition (20% WHC), moist (60% and 100% WHC) and flooding (140% and 180% WHC) conditions were observed with significantly higher SOC decomposition, explained by increased soil microbial biomass and altered soil physical parameters (pH and electronic conductivity (EC)). Excluding the effect of drought, we found decreased SOC decomposition with increased microbial biomass in flooding conditions compared to moist conditions. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that SOC decomposition and soil C storage were associated with changes in soil environment and soil microbial biomass resulted from soil moisture variation. This study highlights the importance of soil moisture in soil carbon dynamics, which is enlightening for the evaluation of soil C cycling with a decline of soil moisture under a warmer climate in coastal wetlands.

Aims: Climate change (extreme rainfall) and water management activities have led to variation in hydrological regimes, especially inundation, which may alter the function and structure of wetlands as well as wetland-atmosphere carbon (C) exchange. However, the degree to which different inundation depths (standing water depth above the soil surface) affect ecosystem CH4 fluxes, ecosystem respiration (Reco) and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) remains uncertain in wetland ecosystems. Methods: We conducted a field inundation depth manipulation experiment (no inundation, i.e. only natural precipitation; 0, water-saturated; 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm inundation depth) in a freshwater wetland of the Yellow River Delta, China. The CH4 fluxes, Reco and NEE were measured with a static chamber technique during the growing seasons (May–October) of 2018 and 2019. Results: Inundation depth significantly increased plant shoot density, above-water level leaf area index (WLAI), above-water level plant shoot height (WHeight), aboveground and belowground biomass of the dominant grass Phragmites australis in both years. Meanwhile, inundation depth increased the CH4 fluxes, Reco (except for 0 cm) and NEE compared to no inundation, which could be attributed partly to the increased plant productivity (shoot density, WLAI, WHeight, biomass). Additionally, the CH4 fluxes, Reco or NEE exhibited parabolic responses to inundation depth. Furthermore, global warming potential (GWP) was significantly decreased under different inundation depths during the growing season, especially from 5 to 40 cm inundation depth in 2019. NEE was the largest contributor to the seasonal GWP, which indicates that the inundated wetlands are a net sink of C and have a cooling climate effect in the Yellow River Delta. Conclusions: Inundation depth substantially affects the magnitude of CH4 fluxes, Reco and NEE, which were correlated with altered plant traits in wetland ecosystems. Inundation depth could mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the P. australis wetlands during the growing season. Inundation depth-induced ecosystem C exchange should be considered when estimating C sequestration capacity of wetlands due to climate change and water management activities, which will assist to accurately predict the impact of hydrological regimes on C cycles in future climate change scenarios.

TNF stimulation generates pro-survival signals through activation of NF-κB that restrict the build-in death signaling triggered by TNF. The competition between TNF-induced survival and death signals ultimately determines the fate of a cell. Here, we report the identification of Bclaf1 as a novel component of the anti-apoptotic program of TNF. Bclaf1 depletion in multiple cells sensitizes cells to TNF-induced apoptosis but not to necroptosis. Bclaf1 exerts its anti-apoptotic function by promoting the transcription of CFLAR, a caspase 8 antagonist, downstream of NF-κB activation. Bclaf1 binds to the p50 subunit of NF-κB, which is required for Bclaf1 to stimulate CFLAR transcription. Finally, in Bclaf1 siRNA administered mice, TNF-induced small intestine injury is much more severe than in control mice with aggravated signs of apoptosis and pyroptosis. These results suggest Bclaf1 is a key regulator in TNF-induced apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo.

The Yellow River Delta is located in the intertwining zone of marine, terrestrial and river ecosystems, and its evolution is not only restricted by hydrological conditions, but also affected by human activities, which leads to serious degradation of estuarine wetlands. Here, long-term data from a hydrological monitoring station and remotely sensed satellite images were used to explore the effects from runoff, sediment load, and human activities on the evolution of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta from 1976 to 2018. Our results showed that the delta area fluctuated between 233.25 × 103 and 260.40 × 103 ha during the period of 1976–2018. The evolution of the old estuary was mainly affected by erosion, while the current estuary was mainly regulated by sedimentation during 1976–1995 and erosion during 1995–2018. Specifically, during the past four decades, natural wetlands, such as tidal flats and marshes, decreased dramatically by 55.0%, and these wetlands were mainly transformed into aquacultural ponds, salt pans, oil wells and dry land. In addition, the evolution of natural wetlands in different regions in the YRD was influenced to different degrees by natural factors and human activities. In the estuarine zone, the reduction in natural wetlands was mainly driven by natural factors such as coastal erosion, runoff and sediment load. In the old estuary, coastal erosion explained 91.2% of the changes in natural wetlands. The evolution of natural wetlands in the current estuary was mainly controlled by the sediment flux of the Yellow River and human activities, which accounted for 62.7% and 19.0% of the variation in the current estuary, respectively. In the central zone, human activities, such as reclamation and urban construction, have converted 82.7% of natural wetlands into human-made wetlands and non-wetlands. Our study indicates that quantitative quantification of the impact of the runoff and sediment, ocean dynamics and human activities on wetland evolution is conducive to the restoration of estuarine wetlands and the healthy and sustainable development of ecosystems.

Background Hard ticks act as arthropod vectors in the transmission of human and animal pathogens and are widely distributed in northern China. The aim of this study is to screen the important tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) carried by hard ticks in Inner Mongolia using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and to estimate the risk of human infection imposed by tick bites. Methods The adult Dermacentor nuttalli (n = 203) and Ixodes persulcatus (n = 36) ticks feeding on cattle were collected. The pooled DNA samples prepared from these ticks were sequenced as the templates for mNGS to survey the presence of TBPs at the genus level. Individual tick DNA samples were detected by genus--specific or group-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of these TBPs and combined with DNA sequencing assay to confirm the results of mNGS. Results R. raoultii (45.32%, 92/203), Candidatus R. tarasevichiae (5.42%, 11/203), Anaplasma sp. Mongolia (26.60%, 54/203), Coxiella-like endosymbiont (CLE) (53.69%, 109/203), and Babesia venatorum (7.88%, 16/203) were detected in D. nuttalli, while R. raoultii (30.56%, 11/36), Anaplasma sp. Mongolia (27.80%, 10/36), and CLE (27.80%, 10/36) were detected in I. persulcatus. The double- and triple-pathogen/endosymbiont co-infections were detected in 40.39% of D. nuttalli and 13.89% of I. persulcatus, respectively. The dual co-infection with R. raoultii and CLE (14.29%, 29/203) and triple co-infection with R. raoultii, Anaplasma sp. Mongolia, and CLE (13.79%, 28/203) were most frequent in D. nuttalli. Conclusions This study provides insight into the microbial diversity of D. nuttalli and I. persulcatus in Inner Mongolia, China, reporting for the first time that Candidatus R. tarasevichiae had been found in D. nuttalli in China, and for the first time in the world that Anaplasma sp. Mongolia has been detected in I. persulcatus. This study proves that various vertically transmitted pathogens co-inhabit D. nuttalli and I. persulcatus, and indicates that cattle in Inner Mongolia are exposed to several TBPs. Graphical Abstract

Brain death is the irreversible loss of all the functions of the brain and brainstem. Compared to traditional diagnostic methods of brain death, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive, objective, cost-effective, and safe way of assessment of brain death. Eighteen brain dead patients and 20 healthy subjects were studied by NIRS, with a multiple-phase protocol at varied fractions of inspired O

The differential pressure of dust collector bag in a power plant was improved synthetically In this paper, the distribution of the smoke flow field in the unit dust collector system is numerically simulated and filed tested. The main technical parameters of the distribution of smoke flow field in the unit's overall dust removal system were measured on site. The actual operation results of the project show that the CFD calculation results are in good agreement with the actual situation, the airflow uniformity inside the modified dust collector is well, the dust removal efficiency is realized and the design expectation is achieved.

Brain death is the irreversible loss of all the functions of the brain and brainstem. Compared to traditional diagnostic methods of brain death, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive, objective, cost-effective, and safe way of assessment of brain death. Eighteen brain dead patients and 20 healthy subjects were studied by NIRS, with a multiple-phase protocol at varied fractions of inspired O2 (FIO2). We found that the changes in the concentration ratios of oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]/Δ[Hb]) in the cerebral cortex of brain dead patients were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects, and its low-to-high FIO2 phase was most sensitive, with a recommended threshold in the range 1.40-1.50. Our study indicated that NIRS is a promising technology for assessing brain death. The success of this application potentially offers a supplementary technique for the assessment of brain death in real time in order to be able to promptly offer quality-assured donor organs.

Combined with the operation of an 800MW supercritical boiler burning high sulfur coal, in order to control the emission of nitrogen oxides, the optimization adjustment of ammonia injection and NOx emission reduction based on combustion adjustment is proposed. According to the test of the inlet and outlet of denitration system under 800 MW condition, the parameters of NOx, O2, NH3, wind speed and so on at the inlet and outlet of denitration system are tested, and the ammonia injection manual valve is adjusted according to the test results. After adjustment, the NOx distribution at the outlet of denitration system is uniform, and the ammonia injection quantity is reduced. After adjustment, the flow field under 800 MW and 500 MW conditions is tested, and the flow field distribution under the two conditions is uniform. The adjustment test has achieved the expected effect.

Theabrownin is one of the most bioactive compounds in Pu-erh tea. Our previous study revealed that the hypocholesterolemic effect of theabrownin was mediated by the modulation of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-enriched gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that theabrownin ameliorated high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity by modifying gut microbiota, especially those with 7&alpha, dehydroxylation on the species level, and these changed microbes were positively correlated with secondary bile acid (BA) metabolism. Thus, altered intestinal BAs resulted in shifting bile acid biosynthesis from the classic to the alternative pathway. This shift changed the BA pool by increasing non-12&alpha, hydroxylated-BAs (non-12OH-BAs) and decreasing 12&alpha, hydroxylated BAs (12OH-BAs), which improved energy metabolism in white and brown adipose tissue. This study showed that theabrownin was a potential therapeutic modality for obesity and other metabolic disorders via gut microbiota-driven bile acid alternative synthesis.

Promoting the coordinated development of industrialization and the environment is a goal pursued by all of the countries of the world. Strengthening environmental regulation (ER) and improving green total factor productivity (GTFP) are important means to achieving this goal. However, the relationship between ER and GTFP has been debated in the academic circles, which reflects the complexity of this issue. This paper empirically tested the relationship between ER and GTFP in China by using panel data and a systematic Gaussian Mixed Model (GMM) of 177 cities at the prefecture level. The research shows that the relationship between ER and GTFP is complex, which is reflected in the differences and nonlinearity between cities with different monitoring levels and different economic development levels. (1) The relationship between ER and GTFP is linear and non-linear in different urban groups. A positive linear relationship was found in the urban group with high economic development level, while a U-shaped nonlinear relationship was found in other urban groups. (2) There are differences in the inflection point value and the variable mean of ER in different urban groups, which have different promoting effects on GTFP. In key monitoring cities and low economic development level cities, the mean value of ER had not passed the inflection point, and ER was negatively correlated with GTFP. The mean values of ER variables in the whole sample, the non-key monitoring and the middle economic development level cities had all passed the inflection point, which gradually promoted the improvement of GTFP. (3) Among the control variables of the different city groups, science and technology input and the financial development level mainly had positive effects on GTFP, while foreign direct investment (FDI) and fixed asset investment variables mainly had negative effects.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by silencing or degrading their targets and play important roles in the host response to pathogenic infection. Although infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-induced apoptosis in host cells has been established, the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely unraveled. Here, we show that infection of DF-1 cells by IBDV induced gga-miR-16-5p (chicken miR-16-5p) expression via demethylation of the pre-miR-16-2 (gga-miR-16-5p precursor) promoter. We found that ectopic expression of gga-miR-16-5p in DF-1 cells enhanced IBDV-induced apoptosis by directly targeting the cellular antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), facilitating IBDV replication in DF-1 cells. In contrast, inhibition of endogenous miR-16-5p markedly suppressed apoptosis associated with enhanced Bcl-2 expression, arresting viral replication in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, infection of DF-1 cells with IBDV reduced Bcl-2 expression, and this reduction could be abolished by inhibition of gga-miR-16-5p expression. Moreover, transfection of DF-1 cells with gga-miR-16-5p mimics enhanced IBDV-induced apoptosis associated with increased cytochrome c release and caspase-9 and -3 activation, and inhibition of caspase-3 decreased IBDV growth in DF-1 cells. Thus, epigenetic upregulation of gga-miR-16-5p expression by IBDV infection enhances IBDV-induced apoptosis by targeting the cellular antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, facilitating IBDV replication in host cells. IMPORTANCE Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens, causing severe economic losses to stakeholders across the globe. Although IBD virus (IBDV)-induced apoptosis in the host has been established, the underlying mechanism is not very clear. Here, we show that infection of DF-1 cells by IBDV upregulated gga-miR-16-5p expression via demethylation of the pre-miR-16-2 promoter. Overexpression of gga-miR-16-5p enhanced IBDV-induced apoptosis associated with increased cytochrome c release and caspase-9 and -3 activation. Importantly, we found that IBDV infection induced expression of gga-miR-16-5p that triggered apoptosis by targeting Bcl-2, favoring IBDV replication, while inhibition of gga-miR-16-5p in IBDV-infected cells restored Bcl-2 expression, slowing down viral growth, indicating that IBDV induces apoptosis by epigenetic upregulation of gga-miR-16-5p expression. These findings uncover a novel mechanism employed by IBDV for its own benefit, which may be used as a potential target for intervening IBDV infection.

A large amount of H2S will be generated during the operation of power plants mixed combustion with high-sulfur coal, causing high-temperature corrosion of the boiler water-cooled wa ll. In order to prevent it from pipes bursting due to high temperature corrosion during the operation of the unit, Air distribution was adjusted on a 350MW subcritical pulverized coal combustion boiler, especially for the opening of the secondary a ir valves of each layer of the burner, so as to reduce the volume fraction of H2S in the furnace and lower the corrosion of the water-cooled wall. The research results show that by adjusting the a ir distribution, the volume fraction of CO and O2 in the flue gas of the furnace is changed, and at the same time, it also has an influences on the change of the flue ga s temperature in the furnace, a nd effectively inhibits the generation of H2S, a lleviating the high temperature corrosion of water wall.

Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by three kinds of ion exchange methods: aqueous ion-exchange (AI), hydrothermal ion-exchange (HI) and solid-state ion-exchange (SI). Their catalytic activities were tested for NOx reduction by CO in a separated NOx adsorption-desorption process. In this paper, performances of adsorption, reduction and dynamic adsorption-reduction were all investigated. All three catalysts exhibited good reduction activity at above 300 °C. Fe/ZSM-5(SI) exhibited excellent NOx removal efficiency in the dynamic adsorption-reduction experiments. However, in the dynamic process the adsorption efficiency of Fe/ZSM-5(AI) and the reduction efficiency of Fe/ZSM-5(HI) is not very good. The catalysts were further characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, XRF, XPS and TPD. It was found that the Fe content of the Fe/ZSM-5(SI) was the highest. Further, Fe is supported in the form of Fe2O3 particles. Bronsted acid sites were also playing a major role in the high catalytic activity. TPD and in situ DRIFT experiments show that more Fe loading in α acid sites could result in a higher NOx removal efficiency.

Soil respiration in wetlands surrounding lakes is a vital component of the soil carbon cycle in arid regions. However, information remains limited on the soil respiration around highly saline lakes during the plant growing season. Here, we aimed to evaluate diurnal and seasonal variation in soil respiration to elucidate the controlling factors in the wetland of Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, western China. We used a soil carbon flux automatic analyzer (LI-840A) to measure soil respiration rates during the growing season (April to November) in two fields covered by reeds and tamarisk and one field with no vegetation (bare soil) from 2015 to 2016. The results showed a single peak in the diurnal pattern of soil respiration from 11:00 to 17:00 for plots covered in reeds, tamarisk, and bare soil, with minimum values being detected from 03:00 to 07:00. During the growing season, the soil respiration of reeds and tamarisk peaked during the thriving period (4.16 and 3.75 μmol·m–2·s–1, respectively), while that of bare soil peaked during the intermediate growth period (0.74 μmol·m–2·s–1). The soil respiration in all three plots was lowest during the wintering period (0.08, 0.09, and–0.87 μmol·m–2·s–1, respectively). Air temperature and relative humidity significantly influenced soil respiration. A significant linear relationship was detected between soil respiration and soil temperature for reeds, tamarisk, and bare soil. The average Q10 of reeds and tamarisk were larger than that of bare soil. However, soil moisture content was not the main factor controlling soil respiration. Soil respiration was negatively correlated with soil pH and soil salinity in all three plot types. In contrast, soil respiration was positively correlated with organic carbon. Overall, CO2 emissions and greenhouse gases had a relatively weak effect on the wetlands surrounding the highly saline Ebinur Lake.

The number 4 boiler of a certain power plant happened the boiler fire extinction events. Because of main and auxiliary DPU switched failure, more piece of card took off the network and malfunctioned, both of PAF(Primary Air Fan) stop, which triggered MFT, that lead to the boiler fire-extinguishing. Aimed at the course of the boiler fire-extinguishing and the measure that had been adopted, this paper expounds in detail, analyzes the cause of the incident and other aspects of the problem that the incident exposed to, finally, in view of the existing problems and potential sa1fety hazard, this paper gives specific recommendations.

The authors aim to track the distribution of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in large blood vessel of traumatic brain injury -rats through immunohistochemical method and small animal imaging system. After green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was transfected into 293T cell, virus was packaged and MSCs were transfected. Mesenchymal stem cells containing GFP were transplanted into brain ventricle of rats when the infection rate reaches 95%. The immunohistochemical and small animal imaging system was used to detect the distribution of MSCs in large blood vessels of rats. Mesenchymal stem cells could be observed in large vessels with positive GFP expression 10 days after transplantation, while control groups (normal group and traumatic brain injury group) have negative GFP expression. The vascular endothelial growth factor in transplantation group was higher than that in control groups. The in vivo imaging showed obvious distribution of MSCs in the blood vessels of rats, while no MSCs could be seen in control groups. The intravascular migration and homing of MSCs could be seen in rats received MSCs transplantation, and new angiogenesis could be seen in MSCs-transplanted blood vessels.