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Significant research focus has recently been directed toward energy-saving and emission-reduction practices, as well as the unique benefits of an integrated working fluid in the oilfield industry. Surfactants cannot be widely used in engineering practice due to cost constraints. At the same time, there is no proper solution to the flowback liquid problem. SY-JS, a multifunctional surfactant, was developed to broaden the application of surfactants in the oilfield industry. It still meets the field operation requirements of a good fracturing fluid thickener with a shear rate of 170 s-1 at 140�C and salinity (NaCl or KCl) of 12-13%. When the fracturing fluid has finished its job and returns to the ground, the molecular structure of the surfactant in the flowback fluid was found to be complete after laboratory evaluation of the fracturing and oil displacement integrated working fluid systems. Surfactants with an intact molecular structure should retain their distinct lipophilic and hydrophilic properties. When groundwater and produced water are compounded and re-injected into the reservoir for oil displacement, 0.2 percent anionic surfactant B1-12 is used to balance the charge and reduce interfacial tension. The rock`s contact angle can be reduced by 56.95 percent, and the recovery rate can be increased by 6%. Based on these findings, the surfactant`s dynamic self-healing mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, the capillary force, interfacial tension, and wettability were combined to propose wettability determines capillary force direction and interfacial tension determines capillary force magnitude. Furthermore, it provides favorable evidence that interfacial tension does not always reach ultralow levels during reservoir exploitation.

Background and Objectives: Fujin Shengji (FJSJ) Powder is mainly used for treating all kinds of canker sores and gangrene. However, there are relatively few studies on the treatment of diabetic ulcer (DU) with FJSJ Powder, and the mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of FJSJ Powder in the treatment of DU using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The main active ingredients and targets for the FJSJ Powder were obtained from the TCMSP database and the published reports. Diabetic ulcer-related targets were searched from the Genecards, Disgenet, Drugbank, OMIM and TTD database. The intersection targets of FJSJ Powder and diabetic ulcer were considered as potential therapeutic targets. The Metascape online database was used for the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. And then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, herb-ingredient-target-disease (H-I-T-D) network, and herb-ingredient-target-pathway (H-I-T-P) network were constructed. Finally, we used AutoDock Vina and PyMOL software to investigate the molecular docking of the top 15 key active chemical ingredients to the top 15 key target proteins in the PPI network. Result: We collect all the 800 potential targets for 100 active ingredients in FJSJ Powder, 862 diabetic ulcer-related targets, and yielded 196 potential therapeutic targets and 76 key potential therapeutic targets of the FJSJ Powder for DU treatment. A total of 2597 terms of GO enrichment analysis were obtained, including 2284 BP terms, 100 CC terms, and 213 MF terms. A total of 210 enriched KEGG pathways were identied, including AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathway. The molecular docking demonstrated that boswellic acid compounds such as AKBA, ABK, α-boswellic acid, β-boswellic acid have low binding energy to several genes. Conclusions: FJSJ Powder regulates DU treatment via a multitarget, component, and signal pathway with a cooperative and bidirectional regulatory mechanism. Its active ingredients may treat DU by regulating the expression of IL6, TNF, AKT1, VEGFA, IL1B, CASP3, PPARG, TP53, and other targets, as well as activating or inhibiting AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathways, which exerts immunomodulatory functions, inhibits trauma inflammation and promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration in order to promote wound healing. This provides new insights for further experiments on the pharmacological effects of FJSJ Powder.

To synthesize nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about end-of-life care and to identify strategic directions for optimizing end-of-life care education.A meta-analysis of observational studies.PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CNKI, and WANFANG 8 electronic databases in English and Chinese were systematically searched from inception until 10 April 2022.Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data using structured tables. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used to appraise the methodological quality of included studies. The study outcomes were synthesized using a meta-analysis.26 cross-sectional studies of medium or high quality from 13 countries met the eligibility criteria, involving 9749 nursing students. In our review, nursing students demonstrated insufficient knowledge about end-of-life care, with a pooled mean score of 7.50 (95 % CI: 6.55-8.45); of these, knowledge about philosophy and principles, psychosocial and spiritual care, and pain and symptom management were all deficient, with pooled mean scores of 1.49 (95 % CI: 0.78-2.21), 1.00 (95 % CI: 0.35-1.65), and 3.44 (95 % CI: 2.25-4.63), respectively. Conversely, nursing students showed positive attitudes toward end-of-life care, with a pooled mean score of 102.97 (95 % CI: 99.43-106.51). The subgroup analysis revealed that male nursing students had lower pooled mean scores for end-of-life care knowledge and attitudes.There is a mismatch between nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about end-of-life care, they have a positive attitude but lack the necessary knowledge. Male nursing students seem to have a greater deficit of knowledge and a relatively conservative attitude toward end-of-life care. These findings may provide a significant reference for nursing educators to adjust educational strategies promptly.

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is rare but can cause life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). To evaluate a novel sandwich embolization technique as a treatment for PPH caused by UAP. This retrospective study included 10 patients with PPH caused by UAP who were treated using a modified sandwich embolization technique at the Radiology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between April 2009 and September 2018. Baseline clinical characteristics, intraoperative data (including treatment effectiveness) and postoperative data (including re-bleeding events and complications) were extracted from the medical records. Uterine arterial angiography showed cystic shadowing of the vascular wall during the arterial phase in all patients. Spraying of contrast agent into the pseudoaneurysm was observed for large UAPs, and the pseudoaneurysm disappeared in the venous phase. The pseudoaneurysm blood supply was from the uterine artery in 9 patients (90%) and the uterine, superior vesical, internal pudendal and nameless little arteries in 1 patient (10%). Bleeding symptoms were completely relieved in all patients after sandwich embolization. Eight patients experienced painful contractions in the perioperative period, but there were no other postoperative complications. During the 1-year postoperative follow-up, 9 patients (90%) had no re-bleeding symptoms/signs. One patient (10%), who had a pseudoaneurysm supplied by the uterine, superior vesical, internal pudendal and nameless little arteries, experienced re-bleeding 20 days after surgery and was treated by hysterectomy. Modified sandwich embolization is an effective treatment for PPH caused by UAP.

With hydraulic fracturing technology, manmade fractures can be generated around the shale-gas wells. After hydraulic fracturing at each stage, many wells in shale reservoirs have the "shut-in" process, which providing many precious data for parameter estimation. But, owing to intricate geological and engineering factors, the fractures in reservoirs are asymmetric and heterogeneous, which brings a great challenge for fracture estimation. To improve this situation, coupling the deep learning (DL) approach and field practices, we established a surrogate model for non-uniform fractures at one stage based on deep Bi-directional LSTM model. First, a well testing model containing three distinct flow regions is developed, namely (1) heterogeneous hydraulic fractures, (2) the inner region affected by hydraulic fracturing, and (3) the outer region without stimulation. Laplace transformation method are used for model solutions. Then, with the model solutions, a surrogate model based on deep bidirectional LSTM is built for improve computational efficiency. The results show that the model can effectively reduce the early prediction error of pressure derivative, and the average relative prediction error is 1.67%. Finally, model verification was shown by comparing with the results from traditional well testing model. The results show that the calculation speed of the surrogate model is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the well test model, which helps to efficiently evaluate the fracture parameter in complex fracture system generated by large-scale fracturing treatments in shale reservoirs.

Objective: To estimate the related factors of hysterectomy in patients with Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) after uterine artery embolization (UAE), and try to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of UAE in patients with PAS.Methods: From January 2012 to July 2020, a retrospective analysis was performed in 85 patients undergoing TAE for PAS. Information regarding clinical data, angiography as well as embolization details, and clinical outcomes was obtained. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors related to hysterectomy.Results: Bleeding greater than or equal to 500ml during the delivery(p = 0.037), the placenta type by MR or US(placenta increta vs placenta percreta, P = 0.01) and the type of ovarian artery(No vs Bilateral, P = 0.005; Unilateral vs Bilateral, P = 0.01) were independent risk factors of hysterectomy in PAS patients treated with UAE. The area under the curve (AUC) of the predictive model that incorporated the independent risk factors was 0.844. Abnormal collateral vessels communicating with uterine artery were observed on angiography in 24 patients (28.2%) with 31 abnormal collateral vessels. The major abnormal collateral vessel was the abnormal branches of the internal iliac artery(n = 13), followed by the inferior vesical artery (n = 11), internal pudendal artery(n = 3), obturator artery (n = 2), vaginal artery(n = 1) and the abnormal branches of the external iliac artery(n = 1).Conclusions: TAE is safe and effective for patients with PAS. Bleeding greater than or equal to 500ml during the delivery, the placenta type by MR or US and the type of ovarian artery were related to the hysterectomy. For patients with hypertrophic ovarian-uterine artery anastomosis and no fertility requirements, Ovarian artery embolization(OAE) could be a feasible choice.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_0300060520979218 for Factors affecting the success of fallopian tube recanalization in treatment of tubal obstructive infertility by Huawei Shen, Mingjin Cai, Tingwei Chen, Duzhou Zheng, Shikuan Huang, Mimi Zhou, Wanling He, Yongsen Li and Qianyan Tan in Journal of International Medical Research

Flow-induced vibrations (FIVs) are of great interest in various engineering fields. Although FIVs possibly cause some undesirable response and fatigue damage, they can also be used to harvest hydraulic and wind energy. This paper investigated the effects of the attack angle (α) and length ratio (d/D) of a trapezoidal oscillator on the FIV response and energy harvesting capability. The experimental results illustrate the occurrence of a full interaction between the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping at α = 0° and α = 90°. The attack angle and length ratio greatly influence the energy harvesting. In general, a trapezoidal oscillator at α = 0° exhibits better energy harvesting than that at α = 90°. At α = 0°, the triangular oscillator gains the maximum amplitude of 0.703D with an output voltage of 10.407 V, harvested power of 24.056 mW, and harvesting efficiency of 12.151%. Nevertheless, the performance is reduced as the length ratio increases. At α = 90°, a trapezoidal oscillator with d/D = 0.5 is considered as the best one for energy harvesting. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis indicates that the displacement is highly related to the transferred energy between the oscillator and the fluid. A greater amount of transferred energy is the main cause of larger displacement, resulting in a more disordered vortex shedding. Finally, it is recommended to install a triangular oscillator at α = 0° to deliver optimal energy harvesting.

The coexistence of blowout and lost circulation in multi-pressure fractured reservoirs has always been a huge challenge to the oil industry. Although the use of high-density kill fluids can ensure the safety of well control, the problem of lost circulation in low pressure layer is still troublesome. Gel is widely used as a temporary plugging system, but the conventional gel plugging system will float when used in combination with high-density kill fluid, resulting in failure of temporary plugging. In this paper, a novel high-density bromide-based nanocomposite gel (HDGEL) was developed, the gel formation mechanism was explored, and its performance was evaluated in the laboratory. The gel is weighted by sodium bromide (NaBr), and cross-linked by covalent bonds, density 1.2–1.5 g/cm3 adjustable, and its temperature resistance can reach 160 °C. Rheological tests show that the gel solution has low initial viscosity and easy to pump. The gelation time can be adjusted from 8 to 12 h, which can be directly broken by the drill or regular jetting nozzle and then flowed back. It can be used in combination with high-density kill fluid to ensure temporary plugging effect. In the fractures with tip sizes (0.014 cm), the maximum bearing pressure of HDGEL is 17.52 MPa, and the regained-permeability recovery can reach 86.81% without the use of gel breaker. This paper introduces a new gel system for multi-pressure reservoirs that can be used in combination with high-density kill fluid and makes recommendations for its engineering application.

Objective To examine potential risk factors associated with the success rate following fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) in infertile women with obstruction of the proximal fallopian tube. Methods We retrospectively studied patients who underwent FTR for tubal obstructive infertility between January 2016 and December 2018 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. FTR was performed using a catheter and guidewire system to clear tubal obstruction. Predictive factors potentially associated with the success rate were assessed by logistic regression. Results A total of 762 patients were included. Multivariable analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–4.58), infertility type (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.36–6.21), history of ectopic pregnancy (OR = 7.87, 95% CI: 4.05–15.81), history of abdominal surgery (OR = 4.30, 95% CI: 2.22–8.60), history of artificial abortion curettage (OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.12–8.03), and duration of infertility (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.06–3.85) were independently associated with postoperative tubal patency. Conclusions Our findings suggest that risk factors, such as age ≥35 years, secondary infertility, duration of infertility ≥5 years, and histories of ectopic pregnancy, abdominal surgery, and artificial abortion curettage, affect the success rate of FTR. These factors may also predict surgical success in treating tubal obstructive infertility.

Aim Evaluation of tubal status is critical in the diagnostic work-up of infertile women. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic efficacy of three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (3-D HyCoSy) for tubal occlusion. Methods MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Chinese VIP Database, Chinese Wanfang Database and Chinese Biomedicine Database were searched for relevant trials published from June 1994 to August 2013. Meta-DiSc (version 1.4) was used for the meta-analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity, as well as area under the curve (AUC) and the pooled diagnostic accuracy (Q*) derived from a summary receiver operating characteristic analysis. The heterogeneity test was done using the Cochran Q statistic and the I2 statistic. Significant difference was defined as P 50% (I2-statistic) and a random effect model was used to pool data, otherwise the fixed effects model was used. Results A total of 11 studies (1037 Fallopian tubes) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates for diagnostic efficacy of 3-D HyCoSy had a sensitivity of 0.92 (95%CI: 0.89–0.94) and specificity of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.93–0.96). AUC and Q* were 0.976 and 0.929, respectively, but there was significant heterogeneity in sensitivity across the included studies. Conclusions 3-D HyCoSy had good diagnostic performance in the detection of tubal occlusion.

Evaluation of tubal status is critical in the diagnostic work-up of infertile women. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic efficacy of three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (3-D HyCoSy) for tubal occlusion.MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Chinese VIP Database, Chinese Wanfang Database and Chinese Biomedicine Database were searched for relevant trials published from June 1994 to August 2013. Meta-DiSc (version 1.4) was used for the meta-analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity, as well as area under the curve (AUC) and the pooled diagnostic accuracy (Q*) derived from a summary receiver operating characteristic analysis. The heterogeneity test was done using the Cochran Q statistic and the I(2) statistic. Significant difference was defined as P0.10 (Q-statistic) or I(2)50% (I(2) -statistic) and a random effect model was used to pool data, otherwise the fixed effects model was used.A total of 11 studies (1037 Fallopian tubes) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates for diagnostic efficacy of 3-D HyCoSy had a sensitivity of 0.92 (95%CI: 0.89-0.94) and specificity of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.93-0.96). AUC and Q* were 0.976 and 0.929, respectively, but there was significant heterogeneity in sensitivity across the included studies.3-D HyCoSy had good diagnostic performance in the detection of tubal occlusion.