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Nowadays, electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly equipped with advanced onboard devices capable of collecting and recording real-time charging data. The analysis of such data from a large-scale EV fleet plays a crucial role in supporting decision-making processes, particularly in the deployment of charging infrastructure and the formulation of EV-focused policies. Nevertheless, the challenges of collecting these data are significant, primarily due to privacy concerns and the high costs associated with data access. In response, this study introduces an innovative methodology for generating large-scale and diverse EV charging data, mirroring real-world patterns for cost-efficient and privacy-compliant use. Specifically, this approach combines Gibbs sampling and conditional density networks and was trained and validated using a real-world dataset consisting of approximately 1.65 million charging events from 3,777 battery EVs (BEVs) in Shanghai over a year. Results illustrate that the proposed model can effectively capture the underlying distribution of the original charging data, enabling the generation of synthetic samples that closely resemble real-world charging events. The approach is readily employed for data imputation and augmentation, and it can also help simulate future charging distributions by conditional generation based on anticipated development premises.

Abstract With the rapid development of information technology, new educational models using virtual reality technology have received widespread attention from relevant researchers. In the field of vocational education, vocational colleges and training institutions can effectively mobilize students' learning initiative and improve their learning efficiency by using virtual reality technology. This study details the development process and system evaluation of a bespoke virtual reality system that offers a solution to the issues of uncertainty regarding hazards, high teaching expenses, and spatial constraints inherent in the practical training of elevator maintenance. By establishing a virtual environment that is highly reproducible and designing abundant interaction methods, this system facilitates students in attaining mastery over the structural make‐up of elevators, the principles of their operation, and the techniques involved in calibrating elevator governors. The system underwent testing by multiple users, and the satisfaction level of the system was ascertained through a questionnaire study, while the effectiveness of the system was evaluated using independent samples t test for data statistics concerning students' performance. The results of the study indicate that the system gained widespread praise among users, and it notably enhanced the students' learning drive, practical abilities, and on‐site adaptability.

Abstract Background Aedes albopictus is an invasive vector of serious Aedes-borne diseases of global concern. Habitat management remains a critical factor for establishing a cost-effective systematic strategy for sustainable vector control. However, the community-based characteristics of Ae. albopictus habitats in complex urbanization ecosystems are still not well understood. Methods A large-scale investigation of aquatic habitats, involving 12 sites selected as representative of four land use categories at three urbanization levels, was performed in Guangzhou, China during 2015–2017. The characteristics and dynamics of these Ae. albopictus habitats were assessed using habitat-type composition, habitat preference, diversity indexes and the Route index (RI), and the temporal patterns of these indexes were evaluated by locally weighted scatterplot smoothing models. The associations of RI with urbanization levels, land use categories and climatic variables were inferred using generalized additive mixed models. Results A total of 1994 potential habitats and 474 Ae. albopictus-positive habitats were inspected. The majority of these habitats were container-type habitats, with Ae. albopictus showing a particularly higher habitat preference for plastic containers, metal containers and ceramic vessels. Unexpectedly, some non-container-type habitats, especially ornamental ponds and surface water, were found to have fairly high Ae. albopictus positivity rates. Regarding habitats, the land use category residential and rural in Jiangpu (Conghua District, Guangzhou) had the highest number of Ae. albopictus habitats with the highest positive rates. The type diversity of total habitats (H-total) showed a quick increase from February to April and peaked in April, while the H-total of positive habitats (H-positive) and RIs peaked in May. RIs mainly increased with the monthly average daily mean temperature and monthly cumulative rainfall. We also observed the accumulation of diapause eggs in the winter and diapause termination in the following March. Conclusions Ecological heterogeneity of habitat preferences of Ae. albopictus was demonstrated in four land use categories at three urbanization levels. The results reveal diversified habitat-type compositions and significant seasonal variations, indicating an ongoing adaptation of Ae. albopictus to the urbanization ecosystem. H-positivity and RIs were inferred as affected by climatic variables and diapause behavior of Ae. albopictus, suggesting that an effective control of overwintering diapause eggs is crucial. Our findings lay a foundation for establishing a stratified systematic management strategy of Ae. albopictus habitats in cities that is expected to complement and improve community-based interventions and sustainable vector management. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Purpose Although papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) has a relatively favorable prognosis, a small number of patients with lymph node or distant metastasis have a poor prognosis. Owing to the complex typing and heterogeneity of PRCC, it remains difficult to provide risk stratification. The objective of our research was to identify potential markers of PRCC prognosis. Methods We performed proteomics and bioinformatics analyses on six pairs of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor and paired normal tissue samples. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used to analyze the prognostic value of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in PRCC. We verified the expression of the major biomarker through immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 91 PRCC tumor specimens. Results Proteomic analysis revealed 1544 DEPs between tumor and paired normal tissues. PRCC transcriptomic data from the TCGA database revealed that compared to non‐tumor tissues, the expression of high‐mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) was upregulated in tumor tissues, and patients with high HMGA2 expression exhibited shorter overall survival times. HMGA2 was associated with PRCC tissue subtype and higher cell pleomorphism. Both TCGA and IHC results showed that HMGA2 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Conclusion HMGA2 was positively correlated with malignant progression and could be a valuable novel prognostic biomarker for PRCC risk stratification.

In order to explore the responses of growth, photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient accumulation of Cunninghamia lanceolata container seedlings to different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application. In this paper, the effects of different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application treatments (0, 200, 400, 800, 1 000 and 1 200 g·m-3) on the growth of seedlings height, ground diameter, biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and nutrient content of C. lanceolata seedlings were investigated. Moreover, subordinate function value method was also employed to comprehensive evaluate the growth and physiology indexes of seedlings under different fertilization treatments, and screening suitable slow-release fertilizer levels for the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings, which providing reference for the efficiency cultivation of high quality C. lanceolata seedlings. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with the control, the slow-release fertilizer application could promote the growth of seedling height, ground diameter and the accumulation of total biomass of C. lanceolata seedlings to varying degrees. (2) The slow-release fertilizer treatments could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves of C. lanceolata compared with control. In addition, slow-release fertilizer treatments also increased the values of maximum fluorescence(Fm), variable fluorescence(Fv), maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fm), potential photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fo) and actual quantum yield(QY) to varying degrees compared with control. (3) The slow-release fertilizer treatments could promote the nutrient accumulation in seedlings of C. lanceolata to varying degrees, among which the contents of Mn, Fe and Zn were found to be changed most significantly. (4) The results of subordinate function value method showed that when the amount of slow-release fertilizer application was 1 000 g·m-3, its membership value was the largest, which indicated that the comprehensive growth of seedlings under this treatment was the best. In conclusion, the amount of 1 000 g·m-3 slow-release fertilizer application is the most suitable treatment for the cultivation of high quality seedlings of C. lanceolata in the present study, under this treatment, the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings can be improved by increasing the accumulation of nutrient elements closely related to photosynthesis, thus increasing the contents of photosynthetic pigment in leaves, which in turn enhance the PS Ⅱ photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer rate, further enhance the efficiency of light energy capture and utilization of leaves, and ultimately improve seedling growth.

In order to study the source of typical gelatin in different types of Ejiao products, nine common Ejiao products on the market including three kinds of Ejiao cake, Ejiao oral liquid and Ejiao granule, were selected as the research objects. Moreover, 1% bovine gelatin and porcine gelatin were added in Ejiao products, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify the characteristic peptides of typical gelatin including donkey gelatin, bovine gelatin, and porcine gelatin. The results showed that different characteristic peptides of typical gelatin were detected in nine kinds of Ejiao products. Through further analysis, it was found that the common characteristic peptides of donkey gelatin, bovine gelatin, and porcine gelatin shared by these 9 Ejiao products were 25, 3, and 14, respectively, where the unmodified characteristic peptides were 7, 2, and 3 in turn. Among them, 22, 2, and 5 common characteristic peptides were derived from the α1 chain, respectively. Meanwhile, 3, 1, and 9 common characteristic peptides were derived from the α2 chain, respectively. These common characteristic peptides could be used as the basis for the identification of gelatin sources in complex systems by HPLC-MS/MS, and give guiding significance in gelatin identification for different Ejiao products.

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), which is an important coniferous tree species in China, is mainly planted in acidic soils with toxic aluminum (Al) levels. However, the consequences of Al toxicity and its resistance mechanism in Chinese fir remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, the Al-induced modification and possible role of cell wall in regulating Al tolerance in Chinese fir were investigated by using seedlings with contrasting Al tolerance, namely, Al-sensitive (YX02) and Al-resistant (YX01) genotypes. The results in present work showed that Al treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of root growth and oxidative damage in both genotypes, but more in YX02 than in YX01. The severe oxidative damage observed in YX02 under Al stress was found to correlate with lower antioxidant enzyme activities as compared with YX01. The greater root growth inhibition observed in YX02 compared with YX01 was associated with a higher accumulation of Al in pectin and hemicllulose 1 (HC1) fraction because of the higher pectin and HC1 contents and the lower degree of pectin demethylation due to enhanced pectin methylesterase activity in YX02, which ultimately enhanced cell wall binding capacity for Al in YX02. Taken together, our results suggested that enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and cell wall modification-induced Al exclusion are the two mechanisms responsible for the Al tolerance of Chinese fir.