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Background: This study investigates the incidence and risk factors for the development of Berger's space (BS) after uneventful phacoemulsification based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: Cataractous eyes captured using qualified SS-OCT images before and after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery were included. Six high-resolution cross-sectional anterior segment SS-OCT images at 30 degrees intervals were used for BS data measurements. BS width was measured at three points on each scanned meridian line: the central point line aligned with the cornea vertex and two point lines at the pupil's margins. Results: A total of 223 eyes that underwent uneventful cataract surgery were evaluated. Preoperatively, only two eyes (2/223, 0.9%) were observed to have consistent BS in all six scanning directions. BS was observed postoperatively in 44 eyes (44/223, 19.7%). A total of 13 eyes (13/223, 5.8%) with insufficient image quality, pupil dilation, or lack of preoperative image data were excluded from the study. A total of 31 postoperative eyes with BS and 31 matched eyes without BS were included in the final data analysis. The smallest postoperative BS width was in the upper quadrant of the vertical meridian line (90 degrees), with a mean value of 280 mu m. The largest BS width was observed in the opposite area of the main clear corneal incision, with a mean value >500 mu m. Conclusions: Uneven-width BS is observable after uneventful phacoemulsification. Locations with a much wider BS (indirect manifestation of Wieger zonular detachment) are predominantly located in the opposite direction to the main corneal incisions.

The understanding of correlations between molecular details and macroscopic material behavior is a fundamental question of molecular chemistry/physics and offers practical interest in materials design with fine-property-tunability. Herein, we demonstrate extreme modulation of liquid crystal (LC) viscoelasticity triggered by a reversion of the ester bond direction in two series of sulfur-containing cyanobiphenyl-based LC dimers. They possess two oppositely directed ester linkages (i.e., COO or OCO), namely COOn and OCOn, respectively, and different carbon atom numbers of the short alkylene spacers (n = 4 and 6). Unexpectedly, it has been proven that the COOn homologs exhibit extraordinarily enhanced viscoelastic properties in the fluidic nematic (N) phase (up to about 1000 times) compared with their OCOn counterparts. Besides, dielectric spectroscopy revealed that the degree of the collective orientational fluctuation is significantly affected by reversing the ester bond direction, suggesting the existence of heliconical clusters embedded in the N state. Finally, we have proposed a novel eco-driving LC memory device based on a pulse-electric-field driving method using COO4 with an extremely high rotational viscosity.

The inhibition of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has achieved promising outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Due to the inherent deficiencies of mAbs drugs, such as high cost of treatment, immunogenicity, poor pharmacokinetics and penetration of solid tumors, researchers are encouraged to develop small molecule inhibitors, to overcome mAbs drugs' deficiencies and change the situation where small molecule drugs are not available on the market. Herein, we reported a series of benzo[d]isothiazole derivatives targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction through "ring fusion" strategy using BMS-202 as a starting point. Among them, compound D7 exhibited the best inhibitory activity with an IC

During phacoemulsification for cataracts, the surgeon may encounter various challenges and should therefore be trained to handle them. This chapter will share an example of clinical cases encountered by the author in clinical practice, which mainly includes the successful implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens in the capsular bag after posterior capsular tear during posterior polar cataract surgery as well as cataract surgery design after corneal refractive surgery, shrinkage, and treatment of capsular opening in patients with retinitis pigmentosa after cataract surgery to provide a reference for clinicians.

With the rapid development of distributed power generation with renewable energy as the core, the proportion of energy storage stations connected to the grid is constantly increasing. The access of a large number of energy storage stations will inevitably affect the voltage level and line flow level of the distribution network. Therefore, by reasonably optimizing the access location and capacity of the energy storage station to ensure that its impact on the distribution network is optimal. On this basis, this article uses a multiobjective optimization method to define the minimum voltage deviation, the optimal transmission line margin, and the minimum network loss as the optimization goals. And the firework algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the best access location and access capacity of the energy storage station are obtained. Finally, the IEEE35 node case is used in MATLAB to carry out the simulation calculation to prove the validity of the conclusion. Therefore, the planning scheme of energy storage station proposed in this article has effective theoretical significance and practical value.

When a large-scale interconnected system encounters a major disturbance, it will actively disassociate, and the receiving-end power grid will suffer from serious shortage of active power and a significant drop in frequency. Emergency control measures need to be taken to ensure the stability of the receiving-end power grid system. First, according to the different control characteristics of the generator's primary frequency modulation, pumped storage power station, and low-frequency load shedding, the mathematical model of the emergency control strategy is formulated. Then, according to the characteristics of the active disassembly of the power grid, the equation constraints in the model are simplified, and the heuristic algorithm with the participation factor as the basic element is used to calculate how the resources of the strategy are allocated and input to obtain the quantitative indicators of each resource. Finally, the feasibility of multi-resource frequency stability control and section correction control strategies is verified and compared through IEEE39 node simulation. The simulation results show that the coordinated implementation of multiple resources can ensure timely control of the system frequency and minimize the failure loss; at the same time, considering that the power limit is exceeded and the power transfer of the receiving end is too large, the section correction control is proposed Strategy has a great optimization effect.

This paper analyzes and evaluates the toughness of the distribution network, and briefly introduces measures to improve the distribution network: First, it briefly analyzes the impact of extreme environment on the distribution network, and proposes the concept of toughness of the distribution network. Then distinguish it from the reliability of the distribution network, select indicators and attributes to measure the flexibility of the distribution network, and build a model of the distribution network components and strong winds. Secondly, from the perspective of strengthening distribution network components, microgrids, and reserve energy to improve the toughness of the distribution network, a brief introduction is given to the distribution network enhancement strategy. Then establish the distribution network toughness evaluation model, and finally use specific calculation examples to conduct the toughness evaluation and analysis of the selected distribution network under extreme environment, and calculate the distribution ratio of the distribution network under normal weather conditions.

The risk factors and outcomes of patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are major concerns in clinical therapy. Multicenter case-control studies were performed to compare the clinical characteristics of 47 A. baumannii BSI patients and 124 matched controls with nonbloodstream A. baumannii infections and the clinical and molecular characteristics of BSI survivors and nonsurvivors. Additionally, the mortality of BSIs was assessed. The clinical characteristics, including neutropenia, ICU admission prior to positive culture, primary infection in the central nervous system, and carbapenem use prior to positive culture, were independently associated with BSI caused by A. baumannii. The mortality of the BSI patients was significantly higher than that of the controls. A high Pitt bacteremia score was found to be an independent predictor of mortality in the BSI patients. The healthcare-associated factors, disease severity level, or antibiotic usage increased the risks of A. baumannii BSI and related mortality.

Angiogenesis inhibitors are of considerable interest for treating metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of apatinib in chemotherapy-refractory mCRC. Apatinib 500 mg was administered daily to patients who had progressed after two or more lines of standard fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Overall, 48 patients were enrolled. ORR and DCR were 8.3% (4/48) and 68.8% (33/48), respectively. Median PFS and OS were 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.653–5.887) and 9.1 months (95% CI, 5.155–13.045), respectively, and did not differ between subgroups stratified by previous anti-angiogenic therapies. The most prevalent grade 3–4 adverse events were hypertension (12.5%), hand-foot syndrome (HFS, 10.4%), thrombocytopenia (10.4%), and proteinuria (8.3%). Low baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR, hazard ratios [HR], 0.619; P = 0.027), early carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19–9) decrease (HR, 1.654; P = 0.016), and HFS (HR, 2.087; P = 0.007) were associated with improved PFS. In conclusion, apatinib monotherapy demonstrated encouraging efficacy with manageable toxicities in chemotherapy-refractory mCRC. Previous anti-angiogenic therapies did not influence outcomes. Baseline NLR, early CA19-9 decrease, and HFS could predict the efficacy of apatinib.

Purpose: Segmentation of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for brain structural measurement and disease diagnosis. Learning-based segmentation methods depend largely on the availability of good training ground truth. However, the commonly used 3T MR images are of insufficient image quality and often exhibit poor intensity contrast between WM, GM, and CSF. Therefore, they are not ideal for providing good ground truth label data for training learning-based methods. Recent advances in ultrahigh field 7T imaging make it possible to acquire images with excellent intensity contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. Methods: In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm based on random forest for segmenting 3T MR images by training a series of classifiers based on reliable labels obtained semiautomatically from 7T MR images. The proposed algorithm iteratively refines the probability maps of WM, GM, and CSF via a cascade of random forest classifiers for improved tissue segmentation. Results: The proposed method was validated on two datasets, i.e., 10 subjects collected at their institution and 797 3T MR images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Specifically, for the mean Dice ratio of all 10 subjects, the proposed method achieved 94.52% ± 0.9%, 89.49% ± 1.83%, and 79.97% ± 4.32% for WM, GM, and CSF, respectively, which are significantly better than the state-of-the-art methods (p-values < 0.021). For the ADNI dataset, the group difference comparisons indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Conclusions: The authors have developed and validated a novel fully automated method for 3T brain MR image segmentation.

The behavioral changes of pigs can not only reflect their own health and welfare status, but also have important significance in improving the breeding environment. Rapid and accurate detection of pigs’ targets is the basis of behavioral change analysis.In view of this situation, a target detection algorithm based on deep learning is proposed, and its model structure and working principle are expounded. Then, through the test of pig image data set, the results show that this method can accurately detect pig targets under complex background.

Segmentation of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for brain structural measurement and disease diagnosis. Learning-based segmentation methods depend largely on the availability of good training ground truth. However, the commonly used 3T MR images are of insufficient image quality and often exhibit poor intensity contrast between WM, GM, and CSF. Therefore, they are not ideal for providing good ground truth label data for training learning-based methods. Recent advances in ultrahigh field 7T imaging make it possible to acquire images with excellent intensity contrast and signal-to-noise ratio.In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm based on random forest for segmenting 3T MR images by training a series of classifiers based on reliable labels obtained semiautomatically from 7T MR images. The proposed algorithm iteratively refines the probability maps of WM, GM, and CSF via a cascade of random forest classifiers for improved tissue segmentation.The proposed method was validated on two datasets, i.e., 10 subjects collected at their institution and 797 3T MR images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Specifically, for the mean Dice ratio of all 10 subjects, the proposed method achieved 94.52% ± 0.9%, 89.49% ± 1.83%, and 79.97% ± 4.32% for WM, GM, and CSF, respectively, which are significantly better than the state-of-the-art methods (p-values0.021). For the ADNI dataset, the group difference comparisons indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation methods.The authors have developed and validated a novel fully automated method for 3T brain MR image segmentation.

3527 Background: Apatinib is an oral highly-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). This exploratory study evaluated the efficacy and safety of apatinib monotherapy in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: In this multicenter, single-arm, prospective study, 48 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had failed at least two lines standard chemotherapies including fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan were recruited from 14 centers in Guangdong, China. Apatinib at a 500mg dose was administered daily continuously. Each cycle was 4 weeks (28 days). The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), quality of life (QoL) and toxicity. Results: A total of 48 patients was enrolled in the study from September 3, 2015 to June9, 2017. Four patients achieved a partial response, and 22 achieved stable disease, representing a response rate of 8.3% and a disease control rate of 60.4%. Median follow-up time was 10.3 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of evaluable patients (n=41) were 4.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7-5.9) and 9.7 months (95% CI 5.9-13.6). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AE) were hypertension (12.5%), hand-foot syndrome (10.4%), thrombocytopenia (10.4%), proteinuria (8.3%) and mucositis oral (6.3%). Conclusions: Apatinib monotherapy shows promising efficacy and manageable toxicities in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Further phase 3 trial is warranted. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR1900020503.

To compare the risk factors and resistance characterizations between the Community-associated (CA) and Hospital-associated (HA) bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing ESBLs) Escherichia coli. Infections control strategy must be made for the spread of CA E. Coli.Fifty-one samples of ESBLs-producing BSI E. Coli were collected in 3201 hospital affiliated of Xi'an jiaotong University School of Medicine from 2008 to 2013. Antimicrobial agents susceptibility test and ESBLs confirmation test were determined by K-B method. PFGE was used to investigate the clonality of clinical isolates. PCR amplification and sequencing were used to screen ESBLs genes. Plasmid conjugation assay was used by filter mating. An S1-PFGE assay on plasmid and southern blot were performed to determine the plasmid molecular size and resistance genes location.There were 27 community-associated samples, while 24 hospital-associated samples in 51. And patients with community-acquired infections were increasing year by year. Also there was a significant difference between patients with urinary tract infection and cancer in CA and HA. Cases of urinary tract infection were mainly CA, reaching to 18. 40 of OR value, and from 2. 161 to 156. 7 of 95% confidence interval. While Cases of cancer gave priority to HA, OR value was 0. 147 7 with 0. 034 85 to 0. 626 30 of 95% confidence interval. PFGE results did not support the evidence of clone dissemination. Among 51 strains, 26 TEM genotype, including 12 CA strains, 12 SHV genotype, including 5 CA strains, 21 CTX-M-1 genotype, including 10 CA strains , and 25 CTX-M-9 genotype. including 13 CA strains. All ESBLs resistant genotypes were no significant differences in the two groups. Conclusions Urinary tract infection is risk factor for community-aassociated bloodstream infection caused by E. Coli relatively. Degree of drug resistance of ESBLs-producing E. Coli isolated from Community-Associated Bloodstream Infections is close to Hospital-Associated. So the public health control measures are needed to prevent the further spread of CA ESBLs-producing E. Coli. [Key words] Bloodstream infection; Risk factor; Resistance; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis; Plasmid

A strategy of surface modification to the mesoporous TiO2 photoanode with hydrochloric acid treatment was used in this study, and it was found that short circuit current and photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were increased by 5.5% and 8.9% respectively. The improvement was attributed to the reduced impedances in the TiO2 film and at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface. It was showed that the increased surface electronic states could remarkably prolong electron lifetime, which was responsible for the reduction of impedances. Under these quasi-continuous states in mesoporous structure, the electron injection/transportation can be notably facilitated, which will be beneficial for the DSSC performance.

The photocatalytic activity of cadmium sulfide (CdS) under visible light irradiation was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB). Upon calcination in air/O(2) atmosphere, the photocatalytic activity of CdS was enhanced by eliminating the trap energy levels. Meanwhile, the effect of cadmium oxide (CdO) on the photocatalytic activity of CdS was also studied by in situ forming CdO on the surface of CdS. CdO blocked the light absorption of CdS. which decreased the photocatalytic activity of CdS. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cu2S nanocrystal particles were in situ deposited on graphite paper to prepare nano-sulfide/carbon composite counter electrode for CdS/CdSe quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSC). By optimization of deposition time, photovoltaic conversion efficiency up to 3.08% was obtained. In the meantime, this composite counter electrode was superior to the commonly used Pt, Au and carbon counter electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectra further confirmed that low charge transfer resistance at counter electrode/electrolyte interface was responsible for this, implied the potential application of this composite counter electrode in high-efficiency QDSC.

A new series of electrolytes composed of LiI and acetamide have been investigated in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These electrolytes melt at about 50 °C and their ionic conductivities vary drastically below and above the melting points (Tm). They tend to form large crystals at low temperature, leading to poor penetration and contact within porous TiO2 anode film. This shortage is improved by introducing nano-SiO2 particles into the electrolyte. A total conversion efficiencies (η) of 0.3% at 35 °C and 4.2% at 75 °C are achieved respectively under AM 1.5 simulated solar light illumination when a LiI/acetamide (1:16) electrolyte with 8 wt% nano-SiO2 is used. It is expected that the DSSC using phase transition electrolyte could show high efficiency for operation at high temperature and high stability for storage at low temperature.

Photocatalytic splitting of water into H2 is one of the most promising ways for converting solar energy into chemical energy. In the present paper, the basic physical and chemical principles of photocatalysts for hydrogen generating from aqueous solutions are outlined. Strategies for designing visible-light-induced photocatalysts have been reviewed. Besides, ultraviolet-light-induced photocatalysts, dye sensitization, photoelectrochemical water splitting and Z-scheme systems to effectively increase the light harvest are also discussed. Finally, the existing problems, possible solutions and prospects are presented.

A pure carbon counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), has been fabricated using an industrial flexible graphite sheet as substrate and activated carbon as the catalytic material. The CE shows very low series resistance (Rs) and charge-transfer resistance (Rct) by combining the high conductivity of the flexible graphite with the high catalytic property of activated carbon. The Rs and Rct for the CE are respectively only a quarter and two-thirds of those for a platinized fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (Pt/FTO). DSCs with cell areas of 0.15 and 1 cm2 fabricated with this CE show higher solar-to-electricity conversion efficiencies. The respective values are 6.46% and 5%, compared with 6.37% and 2.91% for the Pt/FTO based devices.

Porous carbon counter electrodes have been fabricated at low temperature by coating an organic binder free carbon slurry onto F-doped tin oxide conducting glass. The carbon slurry is prepared by ball-milling a dispersion of activated carbon in aqueous SnCl4 solution. During ball-milling, SnCl4 hydrolyzes and transforms into stannic acid gel, which acts as an inorganic “glue” to connect the carbon particles during film preparation. Dye-sensitized solar cells employing this carbon electrode achieve efficiency as high as 6.1% which is comparable to that of the cells using sputtering Pt as counter electrode. Keywords: DSC, Carbon, Conter elecrtrode, Low temperature, SnO2

The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) as a low price photovoltaic technology has attracted widespread attention in recent years. During its progress to practical application, replacement of the liquid electrolytes by solid-state ones has been found to be necessary. Alternative solid-state electrolytes have thus been developed. This review deals with the recent progress of different solid-state electrolytes on DSCs. In particular, representative examples are highlighted with the results of our solid-state composite electrolytes based on addition compounds.

Image segmentation and feature extraction are the premise for machine vision system to analyze and identify the image. Threshold image segmentation algorithm according to the method of two dimension threshold has a lot of calculation in calculating the threshold, and the minimum error threshold method can not use the spatial information of image. This paper presents an intelligent image segmentation algorithm with Random Forest theory based on the night segmentation and feature extraction technology. The Random Forest algorithm shows unique advantages in dealing with small sample size, high-dimensional feature space, and complex data structures. An algorithm of vision image segmentation and feature extraction based on Random Forest is designed. Experimental results show that the segmentation process of this algorithm has less control parameters and faster convergence speed.

Cu2S-based counter electrodes screen-printed on different substrates for CdS/CdSe quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells are reported The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 3 71% was obtained with Cu2S counter electrode deposited on conductive substrate due to low charge-transfer resistance By addition of conductive carbon material, a cell with Cu2S/C composite counter electrode screen-printed on insulated glass substrate displayed an efficiency of 3 37% These results showed the potential application of such Cu2S-based counter electrode for large-scale quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells in the future

In this paper, a robust image watermarking method in two-dimensional space/spatial-frequency distributions domain is proposed which is robust against geometric distortion. This watermarking is detected by a linear frequency change. The one-dimensional S transformation and radon transformation are used to detect the watermark. The chirp signals are used as watermarks and this type of signals is resistant to all stationary filtering methods and exhibits geometrical symmetry. In the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation domain, the chirp signals used as watermarks change only its position in space/spatial-frequency distribution, after applying linear geometrical attack, such as scale rotation and cropping. But the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation needs too much difficult computing. So the image is put into a series of 1D signal by choosing scalable local time windows. The watermark embedded in the 1D improved S-Radon transformation domains. The watermark thus generated is invisible and performs well in StirMark test and is robust to geometrical attacks. Compared with other watermarking algorithms, this algorithm is more robust, especially against geometric distortion, while having excellent frequency properties.

In this paper,we introduce a robust image watermarking method based on Hilbert-Huang Transform against geometric distortion. This watermarking is detected by a linear frequency change. The Hilbert-Huang transformation is used to detect the watermark. The chirp signals are used as watermarks and this type of signals is resistant to all stationary filtering methods and exhibits geometrical symmetry. In the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation domain, the chirp signals used as watermarks change only its position in space/spatial-frequency distribution,after applying linear geometrical attack,such as scale rotation and cropping. But the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation needs too much difficult computing. So the image is put into a series of 1D signal by choosing scalable local time windows. The watermark embedded in the HHT transformation domain. The watermark thus generated is invisible and performs well in StirMark test and is robust to geometrical attacks. Compared with other watermarking algorithms,this algorithm is more robust, especially against geometric distortion, while having excellent frequency properties.

In this paper, a robust image watermarking method in two-dimensional space/spatial-frequency distributions domain is proposed which is robust against geometric distortion. This watermarking is detected by a linear frequency change. The Doppler let transformation is used to detect the watermark. The chirp signals are used as watermarks and this type of signals is resistant to all stationary filtering methods and exhibits geometrical symmetry. In the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation domain, the chirp signals used as watermarks change only its position in space/spatial-frequency distribution, after applying linear geometrical attack, such as scale rotation and cropping. But the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation needs too much difficult computing. So the image is put into a series of 1D signals by choosing scalable local time windows. The watermark embedded in the Doppler let transformation domain. The watermark thus generated is invisible and performs well in StirMark test and is robust to geometrical attacks. Compared with other watermarking algorithms, this algorithm is more robust, especially against geometric distortion, while having excellent frequency properties.

In this paper, a robust image watermarking method in two-dimensional space/spatial-frequency distributions domain is proposed which is robust against geometric distortion. This watermarking is detected by a linear frequency change. The one-dimensional S transformation is used to detect the watermark. The chirp signals are used as watermarks and this type of signals is resistant to all stationary filtering methods and exhibits geometrical symmetry. In the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation domain, the chirp signals used as watermarks change only its position in space/spatialfrequency distribution, after applying linear geometrical attack, such as scale rotation and cropping. But the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner transformation needs too much difficult computing. So the image is put into a series of 1D signals by choosing scalable local time windows. The watermark embedded in the 1D S transformation domain. The watermark thus generated is invisible and performs well in StirMark test and is robust to geometrical attacks. Compared with other watermarking algorithms, this algorithm is more robust, especially against geometric distortion, while having excellent frequency properties.