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A fim de desenvolver estratégias de comunicação eficazes durante as crises, este estudo explora como fatores psicológicos (por exemplo, risco percebido) e variáveis demográficas afetam a escolha dos canais de consumo dos consumidores durante o período de reabertura de negócios em meio à pandemia de COVID-19, analisando dados de pesquisa coletados de 1.033 Adultos dos EUA com análise preditiva. Há uma série de descobertas importantes. Em primeiro lugar, os resultados da análise de cluster sugeriram que os consumidores dos EUA podem ser categorizados em dois grupos, alto risco percebido e grupo de alta preocupação, e baixo risco percebido e grupo de baixa preocupação. A associação ao cluster está associada a gênero, etnia e renda familiar. Em segundo lugar, os resultados da análise da árvore de decisão mostraram que o risco percebido para entrega e retirada de comida é o fator mais importante que prediz os comportamentos dos consumidores em relação aos pedidos de entrega e de retirada de comida. Em terceiro lugar, os resultados da análise da árvore de decisão sugeriram que o risco percebido para as atividades de consumo dentro da loja é o preditor mais importante para prever as atividades de consumo na loja, como visitar uma loja de varejo que não seja mercearia e sair para comer. Os resultados deste estudo suportam a teoria demográfica do consumidor e a teoria do risco percebido pelo consumidor. São fornecidas sugestões práticas sobre como minimizar os riscos percebidos com estratégias eficazes de comunicação de crise.

By analyzing survey data collected from 857 U.S. adults, and applying the decision tree analysis, this study explores how psychological and demographic factors may affect consumer behaviors amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Protection motivation theory (PMT) and consumer demographics theory provide the theoretical foundation for this study. Decision tree is used for data analysis because it is a powerful predictive analytics method. There are a number of important findings. First, the result of decision tree analysis suggests that perceived threat/concern is the most important demographic factor that predicts consumers’ overall online shopping behavior. Second, education is the most important predictor for consumers’ online grocery shopping behavior. Third, perceived threat/concern is the most important predictor for consumers’ panic buying/hoarding behavior. Fourth, age is the most important predictor for consumers’ work from home behavior. Finally, race is the most important predictor for consumers’ spending more time watching TV behavior. The results support PMT and consumer demographics theory. This study brings additional insights into consumer behaviors amid the pandemic.

The HfV2O7/HfMo2O8 composite were prepared in situ. The phase, structure and thermal expansion property were analyzed. The results indicate the composite consist of cubic HfV2O7 and hexagonal HfMo2O8. The two types of structures were coexisted and mixed uniformly, and interacted with each other. The mutual nested structure suppressed the formation of 3×3×3 superstructure in HfV2O7 (RT) introduced by the reaction in situ. The promoted coupled rotation of quasi-rigid polyhedron units could enhance the negative thermal expansion (NTE) property. The HfV2O7/HfMo2O8 composite exhibits excellent NTE property from 250 to 673 K (at least) with CTE -3.09 × 10-6 K-1. The good NTE property and thermal stability over a wide temperature range, especially near the RT range, bring a good potential application in designing zero thermal expansion materials.

By surveying 115 social media marketing professionals in 17 different countries and regions, this study extends Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and digital divide research at the organizational l...

By using first-principles calculation and quasi-harmonic approximation method, we have systematically investigated the thermal expansion properties of tetragonal phase of PbTiO 3 , focusing on the correlation between the A1(TO) mode and negative thermal expansion (NTE). It is found that volume of the unit cell shows positive thermal expansion in a axis direction, and NTE in c axis direction from 0 K to 900 K. It is also found that the A1(TO) mode is softening when the volume shrinks by the phonon calculation. Calculating of Gruneisen parameters show that the A1(TO) mode makes a main contribution to the NTE, and this vibrational mode is the Pb, Ti and O atoms’ relative motion in c axis direction, which lead to a shrink of the unit cell in this direction. Our calculations clarify the correlation between the phonon mode and NTE of PbTiO 3 in c axis direction at the atomic level, and provide an important theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of the NTE.

By using first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the hydration in A2M3O12 (A = Y, Er, Yb, Lu, In, Sc; M = Mo, W) family materials, focusing on the role of the ionic radius and electronegativity of A3+ cations on the hydration of the materials. Our calculations showed that O end of the inserted H2O prefers to bind to A3+ or M6+ cations depending on the ionic radius and electronegativity of A3+ cations. As the radius of A3+ cations decreasing from R(Y3+) = 0.90 to R(Sc3+) = 0.75 A, the binding site of H2O is shifted from the position near the A3+ cations to that between the A3+ and the M6+ cations, finally to the position between the two M6+ cations. The binding energy is generally decreased as R decreasing (exception for A = Sc). Meanwhile, in all the cases two H of H2O tend to point to the nearby bridge O atoms sharing by AO6 octahedra and MO4 tetrahedra, and form hydrogen bonds, which play a key role in the binding between H2O and the materials. It was also found that the tungstates generally exhibit weak hygroscopicity comparing to the corresponding molybdates. Our results revealed the relationship between the hygroscopicity and the ionic radius of the A3+ cations, and provided a theoretical guidance in synthesis of A2M3O12 family materials with weak hygroscopicity.

Motor abnormalities have been indicated to be a core manifestation of schizophrenia and not just motor side-effects of antipsychotics. However, little is known about whether all of the complete motor function, including fine motor function, muscle strength, and balance is linked to psychotic symptoms. Therefore, this study was to investigate association between complete motor function and psychotic symptoms in young–adult schizophrenia patients who had no extrapyramidal motor symptoms, which were assessed using the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale. Seventy schizophrenia patients were recruited. Fine motor function, muscle strength, and balance were assessed using The McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Given gender differences in muscle power, the correlation between muscle strength and psychotic symptoms was analyzed by gender separately. Partial correlation controlling for effects of the chlorpromazine equivalent dosage of antipsychotics was conducted. Better fine motor function was correlated with less-severe negative symptoms (r = − 0.49, p

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) in isostructural cubic ReO3 and ScF3 were studied using first-principles calculations within the quasiharmonic approximation. The reproduced coefficients of NTE (CNTE) is in reasonable agreement with experiment and the NTE behavior was attributed to the vibrational modes which have the minimum negative values of Gruneisen parameters at M(0.5, 0.5, 0) and R(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) in Brillouin zone. The calculated CNTE of ReO3 is an order of magnitude smaller than that of ScF3 due to the stiffer covalent bonds in ReO3 as well as the vibrational modes which will generate a sharp energy-increasing antibonding state. Consequently, the NTE was suppressed in ReO3. Meanwhile, larger lattice constant and smaller bulk modulus than those of ReO3 also imply that ScF3 is expected to have larger coefficient of negative thermal expansion.

Foreign body removal is a key process to improve the inherent quality of cigarettes and the level of tobacco purify has significant impact on the quality of cigarette. For removing metal debris, you can use the metal detector; removing feathers, film sheet, twine, weeds and other lightweight debris, you can use the winnowing; removing debris that have same mass as tobacco, you will rely mainly on online foreign body removal system, including camera systems or laser optical sorting system. In this paper, methods of purifying tobacco production and their applications were studied, it has important references for other impurity applications in different areas.

First-principles calculations within the density functional theory (DFT) have been carried out to study hydrogen molecules dissociation and diffusion on clean and transition metals (TMs) doped Mg(0 0 0 1) surfaces following Pozzo et al. work. Firstly, the stability of Mg(0 0 0 1) surface doped with transition metals atom has been studied. The results showed that transition metals on the left of the table tend to substitute Mg in the second layer, while the other transition metals prefer to substitute Mg in the first layer. Secondly, we studied hydrogen molecules dissociation and diffusion on clean and Mg(0 0 0 1) surfaces which the transition metal atoms substituted both in the first layer and second layer. When transition metal atoms substitute in the first layer, the results agree with the Pozzo et al. result; when transition metal atoms substitute in the second layer, the results showed that the transition metals on the left of the periodic table impact on the dissociation barriers is less. However, for the transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) on the right, there is a great impact on the barriers. The transition metals doped surfaces bind the dissociated H atoms loosely, making them easily diffused. The results further reveal that the Fe dopant on the Mg surface is the best choice for H 2 dissociation and hydrogen storage.

A reasonable scheduling can make tobacco production realize flexibility. That will realize swiftly response to customer's requirements and various batch productions by means of group processing. Ability of flexible production technology will have greatly influences to the tobacco enterprise competitiveness. Under the guidance of flexible tobacco production line control the processing cycle, according to the different characteristics of recipe ingredients and brands to bring about a method of fine tobacco making that can greatly promote the coordination between the tobacco raw materials and processing technology, reduces fluctuations in product quality, maximize the potential of raw materials and improve the quality of product.

This paper introduces the structure of the laser devices for tobacco impurity, the principle of separation and sorting performance. It mainly consists of a scanning device, a remote control system, finger grooves vibration slots, debris output vibration slots, a closed-loop cooling device, air clean unit and other components. The principle of separation is based on that 12 lasers scan material in 2000 times/second and then the impurity is changed its trajectory by compressed air blowing and falls to the reject slot, the remaining materials along the normal track go into acceptance slot. The sorting performance of laser removing impurities reaches ≥ 99.5%.

Introduction: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool, using both item response theory and classical test theory. Method: One hundred and one people with mental health problems, aged 18–65 years, were recruited. The Chinese version of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool, the National Taiwan University Hospital Symptom Checklist, the Volitional Questionnaire, the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills, and the Mini Mental State Examination were administered. Rasch analysis and correlational analysis were used to examine the construct, convergent, divergent validity and known group validity. Results: Rasch analysis confirmed that there were six subscales within the Chinese version of Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool. The Volitional Questionnaire strongly correlated with the volition subscale (r = 0.583). The Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills strongly correlated with the communication and interaction subscale (r = 0.815). The Mini Mental State Examination was moderately correlated with the process subscale (ρ = 0.334) and the symptomatology was not associated with any of the subscales as expected. There were significant differences on selected subscale scores across four known groups of participants. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool was valid when applied to people with mental health problems.

Objectives: Students will understand perception and apply step-by-step skills in a personally relevant way by rethinking taken-for-granted proverbs related to gender stereotypes Courses: Gender and Communication, Intercultural Communication, Interpersonal Communication

This research applies a recently-developed nonlinear panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model and takes into account the potential endogeneity biases to examine whether Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists in G7 countries over the period 1991-2008. This research makes three contributions to the CO2 emissions literature. First, we apply the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model of González et al. (2005) to investigate the relationship among CO2 emissions per capita, energy use per capita, real gross fixed capital formation, real GDP per capita, and labor participation rate for G7 countries. Second, we complement the existing literature by simultaneously examining the impacts of energy use, real gross fixed capital formation, real GDP, and labor participation rate on CO2 emissions and take into account endogenous determination of real GDP on the PSTR model for CO2 emissions. Third, based on the characteristics of the PSTR model, we can consider the elasticity of CO2 emissions changes with country and time to analyze the elasticity of heterogeneous countries and the potential impacts of structural breaks on the CO2 emissions elasticity in the panel framework. Based on the elasticity of the CO2 emissions with respect to real income per capita, the environmental quality is a necessary good in Japan, the UK, and the USA, but a luxury good in the rest of G7 countries. Thus, there exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and real income per capita with the threshold value of US$20,488, which is endogenously determined. This finding supports the existence of EKC in G7 countries. In other words, our results confirm there exists the regime-switching effect of real income on CO2 emissions in G7 countries.

This paper offers a descriptive analysis of the development of public relations in Taiwan. Taiwan is one of Asia’s economic success stories and the practice of public relations can be traced back to the early 1940s. In the last decade, the trend of democratization has been influencing the practice of public relations. This paper explores the societal and cultural context of Taiwanese public relations. Through the use of a survey instrument that measured the models of public relations and Hofstede’s dimensions of culture, this paper reports data collected from public relations practitioners (n = 40) about the actual values and practices that describe Taiwanese public relations.

This study explores cultural influences on public relations practices in Ghana. This survey research brief reports data collected from Ghanaian public relations practitioners ( n = 64) and describes work-related cultural values as well as the practices of public relations models in Ghana. The result reveals that Ghanaian public professionals tend to utilize international public relations and two-way communication models. The study extends knowledge of international public relations in African cultures.

To investigate the effects of different anesthetic and analgesic protocols on the cellular immune function and stress hormone in patients undergoing lobectomy for esophagus cancer.Sixty ASA I or II patients undergoing lobectomy for esophagus cancer were randomly divided into two groups to receive postoperative general anesthesia and intravenous analgesia (group A, n=30) or intraoperative general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia with postoperative epidural analgesia (group B, n=30). The cervical venous blood samples were obtained from the patients at 30 min before anesthesia induction (T(0)), 2 h after skin incision (T(1)), and at 4 h (T(2)), 24 h (T(3)) and 48 h (T(4)) after the end of operation. The T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4(+) and CD8(+)) were analyzed by flow cytometry, serum concentrations of sIL-2R and IL-2 determined by ELISA, and the levels of growth hormone (GR), prolactin (PRL), IL-8 and cortisol (Cor) measured by radioimmunoassay. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for assessment of the postoperative analgesic effects.The VAS scores were significantly lower in group B than in group A at T(2) and T(3) (P0.05). The percentage of CD4(+) cells and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in the two groups began to decrease significantly at T(1) (P0.05), reducing to the lowest level at T(2) in group B and at T(3) in group A. From T(1) to T(4), the percentage of CD4(+) in group B remained significantly higher than those in group A (P0.05), and from T(3) to T(4), the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P0.05). The IL-2 level in the two groups began to decrease significantly at T(1) (P0.05), reaching the lowest level at T(2) in group A and at T(3) in group A. IL-2 level was significantly higher in group B than in group A from T(3) to T(4) (P0.05). sIL-2R level in group A began to increase at T(1) and peaked at T(3), showing significant differences from the T(0) level, but the level showed no significant variations in group B compared with the T(0) level. From T(2) to T(4), sIL-2R level was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P0.05). The levels of GH, PRL and Cor increased significantly, while IL-8 decreased in the two groups from T(1) to T(4) (P0.05), but remained stable in group B.General anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia may reduce the perioperative stress reaction and adverse effect on cellular immune function in patients undergoing lobectomy for esophagus cancer.

In this paper, a new nail collator driver is proposed to improve nail collator. The control system of nail collator circuit is developed by Programmable System on Chip (PSoC). A flexible multi-pulse digital control method is proposed to reduce peak current. It has the advantages of averaging weld energy and minimum peak current. Furthermore, a novel driver circuit without dissipative resistor is proposed. It has advantage of high efficiency. Finally, the new nail collator driver is proved with high performances by experiments.

In this paper, a new control method and driver circuit are proposed to improve nail collator. Developed nail collator can meet various nails. The control system of collator circuit based on Programmable System on Chip (PSoC), integrates with both Program Logic Controller (PLC) and programming Human/Man Machine Interface(HMI/MMI). The control system implements the control strategy. The proposed method and novel driver circuit are proved effective by experiment. Comparing with traditional nail collator, the new nail collator has advantage of high efficiency and low cost. Control strategy of nail collator is flexible and meets various nails. The design and implementation of nail collator controller with high performances is reached.

The manpower is requested to adjust laser marker line in traditional towel printing industry. The laser maker line works as positing director of towel printing. This process spends much time and cost. Automatic technology brings us so many conveniences in recent years. Automatic technology is widely applied instead of manpower. In this paper, an automatic technology is developed for towel printing. An automatic positioning system based on powerful LabVIEW is designed and implemented. The laser marker line associated with sliding table is accurately controlled and moved to desired position. The developed automatic positioning system is not only to increase the quantity of towel printing but also to improve quality of products.

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychosocial adjustment patterns of a community sample of persons with spinal cord injury in Taiwan.A total of 102 participants were recruited from the Association of People with Spinal Cord Injury in Taipei City. Mean age of participants was 30.8 years (SD=11.39 years), and 77% were men. The participants were asked to complete a research packet containing a demographic questionnaire, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self Report Questionnaire, and the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire.Four distinct groups were found, representing different levels of psychosocial adjustment: (i) Well adjusted, (ii) Moderately adjusted, (iii) Moderately adjusted and sexually inexperienced, and (iv) Poorly adjusted. Employment status, age at the time of onset, injury level, and current age, as well as the motivational and behavioural aspects of coping, were identified as the functions discriminating the groups based on the demographic characteristics and sense of coherence, respectively.Vocational, sexual, and leisure areas of adjustment were found to be the most problematic for individuals with SCI in Taiwan. Counseling and other rehabilitation intervention efforts should focus on these identified needs of people with SCI in Taiwan.

To examine the relationship between initial anatomic severity evaluated by the Hand Injury Severity Scoring (HISS) system and recovered hand function evaluated by the Purdue Pegboard after occupational hand injury.In the retrospective cohort study, 95 patients hospitalized between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003 for surgery due to occupational hand injury were recruited. The HISS scores were obtained by chart review by a surgeon. The Purdue Pegboard was performed at least 6 months after the injury by well-trained occupational therapists. The Purdue Pegboard scores were compared with the initial HISS scores by simple regression, multiple regression and logistic regression analysis.The total HISS score was negatively correlated with scores of the Purdue Pegboard subtests, including injured-hand, both-hands, and assembly. The risk of having low injured-hand score (13) was significantly increased in workers with initial major severity (HISSor= 101), with OR 9.57 (95% CI 1.4-94.8). The risk of having low both-hands score (10) was significantly increased in workers with initial severe and major severity (HISS of 51-100 andor=101), with OR 4.5 (95% CI 1.1-21.8) and OR 25 (95% CI 3.5-263). The risk of having low assembly score (25) was significantly increased in workers with initial major severity (HISSor= 101), with OR 9.0 (95% CI 1.3-72.5).The study showed that after occupational hand injury, initial anatomic severity evaluated by the HISS system could predict hand function after recovery.

This study analyzed the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) case service report (RSA-911) data for fiscal year 2004 to examine effects of demographic characteristics, work disincentives, and vocational rehabilitation services patterns on employment outcomes of persons with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The results indicated that European Americans (53%) had appreciably higher competitive employment rates than Native American (50%), Asian Americans (44%), African Americans (42%), and Hispanic/Latino Americans (41%). Clients without co-occurring psychiatric disabilities had a higher employment rate (51%) than those with psychiatric disabilities (45%). Clients without work disincentives showed better employment outcomes (58%) than those with disincentives (45%). An important finding from this analysis was the central role of job search assistance, job placement assistance, and on-the-job support services for persons with TBI in predicting employment outcomes. A data mining technique, the exhaustive CHAID analysis, was used to examine the interaction effects of race, gender, work disincentives and service variables on employment outcomes. The results indicated that the TBI clients in this study could be segmented into 29 homogeneous subgroups with employment rates ranging from a low of 11% to a high of 82%, and these differences can be explained by differences in work disincentives, race, and rehabilitation service patterns.

We report ab-initio calculations of water absorption in Y2Mo3O12. The absorption geometry of H2O in Y2Mo3O12 and the binding property between H2O and Y2Mo3O12 have been first identified. Our calculated results show that water is chemisorbed in Y2Mo3O12 with O of the water binding to the Y3+ cation, which is further strengthened by hydrogen bonding between each of the hydrogen atoms of H2O and the bridge O in Y2Mo3O12, shared by polyhedrons YO6 and MoO4. The absorption of water leads to a reduced angle of Y-O-Mo and shortened Y-Mo distance, and consequently volume contraction of the material, almost linearly with the increasing number of water molecules per unit cell, up to eight in total. In addition, our phonon calculation show that the transverse vibration of Y-O-Mo is restricted due to water absorption, which in turn hinders the NTE, as it is mainly originated from this vibrational mode. Our results clarify further the fundamental mechanisms of the large volume shrinkage and the lost NTE of the framework oxide due to water absorption.

Psychological consequences of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of 3 d of exercise deprivation on selected psychological variables. Ten volunteers (4 female and 6 male) who regularly exercised 6-7 d.wk-1 for at least 45 min at a time participated in a 5-d study. Participants completed their regular workout on the first day of the study, refrained from physical activity for the next 3 d, and then resumed their regular exercise on the 5th d of the study. Participants reported to the lab on Monday following their regular workout and completed a series of questionnaires, and these same questionnaires were completed at the same time of day on the next 4 d. The dependent variables consisted of state and trait anxiety (STAI), and tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and overall mood (POMS). Increases in total mood disturbance, state anxiety, tension, depression, and confusion across days were significant (P < 0.05), and vigor decreased. The pattern of increasing mood disturbance with exercise deprivation was followed by mood improvement to baseline levels when exercise was resumed. We concluded that a brief period of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers results in mood disturbance within 24-48 h.