Search

Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative microaerobic bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, can colonize in the stomach and duodenum, and cause a series of gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcer and even gastric cancer. At present, the high diversity of the microorganisms in the stomach has been confirmed with culture-independent methods; some researchers have also studied the stomach microbiota composition at different stages of H. pylori carcinogenesis. Here, we mainly review the possible role of H. pylori-mediated microbiota changes in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer to provide new ideas for preventing H. pylori infection and regulating microecological imbalance.

Gastric cancer is heterogeneous cancer and the causes of this disease are complex. New diagnostic and therapeutic targets are urgently needed to explore. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is directly related to Huntington's disease (HD). However, patients with Huntington's disease have a lower incidence of cancer. Therefore, we are committed to studying the correlation between HAP1 and gastric carcinogenesis and development.Immunohistochemical staining, western blot analysis, and RT-qPCR were conducted to explore the localization and expression of HAP1 in gastric cancer. To study the biological significance of HAP1, we overexpressed HAP1 in both MKN28 and AGS cell lines by lentivirus infection. To explore the role of HAP1 in cell proliferation, the cells counting assay, EdU incorporation assay, and colony formation assay were carried out. We performed the wound healing assay and transwell assay to study the cell migration and invasion. To further investigate whether HAP1 could regulate gastric cancer cell death during glucose deprivation, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was performed. In our study, we elucidated that HAP1 was downregulated in gastric cancer. What's more, overexpressing HAP1 inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and triggered apoptosis during glucose deprivation. More importantly, the antitumor properties and mechanisms of HAP1 have been elucidated further in gastric cancer.Taken together, the available evidence implies that HAP1 may serve as a potential tumor suppressor, making it a significant target in preventing and treating gastric cancer. This research provides a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis, clinical targeted therapy, and prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer.

We previously reported that the Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin A (VvhA) protein elicited good immune protection and could effectively control V. vulnificus infection in mice. However, its molecular mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that hemolysin A induces an immunoprotective response via IL-21 regulation. To demonstrate this, IL-21 expression in mice was regulated by injecting either specific antibodies or rIL-21, and the immune response was evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results suggested that IL-21 enhances immune protection by inducing a T follicular helper cell and germinal center B cell response. We used RNA-seq to explore molecular mechanisms and identified 10 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes involved in IL-21-upregulated protection. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes were also performed. Our findings indicate that IL-21 can enhance the immune protection effect of the VvhA protein and may serve as a novel strategy for enhancing the immune protection effect of protein vaccines.

Bacterial predation is a vital feeding behavior that affects community structure and maintains biodiversity. However, predatory bacterial species in coastal sediments are comparatively poorly described. In this study, the predation capacity of all nine culturable Bradymonabacteria strains belonging to the recently discovered order Bradymonadales was determined against different types of prey. The predatory efficiency of Bradymonabacteria increased as the initial prey proportion in a mixed culture decreased. When the initial prey proportion was 0.5, the number of surviving prey bacterial cells significantly decreased after 4 h of predation with the Bradymonabacteria strains TMQ1, SEH01, B210 and FA350. However, growth of the prey strain occurred in the presence of the Bradymonabacteria strains TMQ4, TMQ2, TMQ3, V1718 and YN101. When the initial prey proportion decreased to 0.1 or 0.01, most of the Bradymonabacteria strains preyed efficiently. Furthermore, established neighboring colonies of prey were destroyed by Bradymonabacteria. This invading predation capacity was determined by the predation ability of the strain and its motility on the agar surface. Our findings provide new insights into the potential ecological significance of predatory Bradymonabacteria, which may serve as a potential probiotic for use in the aquaculture.

Objective: An evaluation of the prognostic factors of patients with surgically treated high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC). Design: A multi-center, retrospective analysis Setting and Population: 58 cases Methods: 58 patients with stage IIA1-IIIC cervical cancer who had high-grade NECC and were initially treated with surgery between 2009 and 2022 was conducted. We divided them into two groups based on pathology: the pure cohort (only one histological type) and the mixed group (≥2 histological types). All clinicopathological characteristics of patients were reviewed retrospectively using electronic medical records. Main Outcome Measures: Survival outcomes of NECC, clinicopathological characteristics and various related factors were analysed. Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 32.5 months (range: 4.1–60.9). The mixed pathology was a protective factor impacting survival outcomes in NECC (HR,0.02; 95% CI, 0.00~0.45, P=0.014). In contrast, uterus invasion (HR, 24.5; 95%CI, 1.37~439.31, P=0.03) was a poor prognostic factor affecting the survival outcomes in NECC. In addition, among all postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy options, etoposide + platinum (EP) showed better survival outcome (HR,0.04; 95% CI, 0.00~0.89, P=0.041). According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curves, significant differences were observed with respect to mixed pathology (P=0.044), uterus invasion (P＜0.0001), parametrium invasion (P=0.025), surgical margin (P=0.035), and distant metastasis (P＜0.0001). Conclusions: Patients with mixed pathological subtypes who undergo surgery for NECC have a better prognosis. Meanwhile, uterus invasion is a poor predictor of prognosis. In terms of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, the EP regimen is superior to other regimens. (The trial registration number: ChiCTR2200063023)

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-motile, oval-rod-shaped and light pink to light tawny-pigmented bacterial strain (designated 1151T) were isolated from marine green algae obtained from the coastal seawater of Weihai, China. Strain 1151T was found to grow at 15–37 °C (optimum, 33 °C), pH 7.0–9.5 (optimum, 7.5–8.5) and in the presence of 1–6% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). Cells were oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 1151T was a member of the genus Sulfitobacter and exhibited the hightest sequence similarity to Sulfitobacter indolifex DSM 14862T (96.6%), followed by the sequence similarity to Sulfitobacter aestuarii hydD52T (96.5%) and Sulfitobacter profundi SAORIC-263T (96.5%). The average nucleotide identity and digital DDH values between strain 1151T and Sulfitobacter indolifex DSM 14862T were 69.9% and 20.9%, respectively. The average amino acid identity between strain 1151T and Sulfitobacter pontiacus DSM 10014T (type strain of the type species) was 62.3%. Q-10 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were sum feature 8 (C18: 1ω7c; 44.1%), C20: 1ω7c (29.7%) and C18: 0 (11.7%). The DNA G + C content of strain 1151T was 51.8 mol%. The polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and three unidentified lipids (L1, L2 and L3). Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain 1151T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sulfitobacter, for which the name Sulfitobacter algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1151T (= KCTC 72513T = MCCC 1H00384T).

Eggerthella lenta is an emerging and uncommon human pathogen that has been under recognized due to the limitations of phenotypic identification. Here we describe two cases of bacteremia caused by E. lenta and summarize the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing according to some previous literatures, which illustrate the importance of identification and treatment of unusual organisms. The most reliable antibiotic treatment options to E. lenta appear to be metronidazole, amoxicillin-clavulanate, carbapenems, vancomycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol and clindamycin.

Full-field optical angiography is critical for vascular disease research and clinical diagnosis. Existing methods struggle to improve the temporal and spatial resolutions simultaneously.Spatiotemporal absorption fluctuation imaging (ST-AFI) is proposed to achieve dynamic blood flow imaging with high spatial and temporal resolutions.ST-AFI is a dynamic optical angiography based on a low-coherence imaging system and U-Net. The system was used to acquire a series of dynamic red blood cell (RBC) signals and static background tissue signals, and U-Net is used to predict optical absorption properties and spatiotemporal fluctuation information. U-Net was generally used in two-dimensional blood flow segmentation as an image processing algorithm for biomedical imaging. In the proposed approach, the network simultaneously analyzes the spatial absorption coefficient differences and the temporal dynamic absorption fluctuation.The spatial resolution of ST-AFI is up to 4.33 μm, and the temporal resolution is up to 0.032 s. In vivo experiments on 2.5-day-old chicken embryos were conducted. The results demonstrate that intermittent RBCs flow in capillaries can be resolved, and the blood vessels without blood flow can be suppressed.Using ST-AFI to achieve convolutional neural network (CNN)-based dynamic angiography is a novel approach that may be useful for several clinical applications. Owing to their strong feature extraction ability, CNNs exhibit the potential to be expanded to other blood flow imaging methods for the prediction of the spatiotemporal optical properties with improved temporal and spatial resolutions.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-gliding, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative bacterium, designated ML27T, was isolated from oyster homogenate in Rushan, Weihai, PR China. Growth occurred at 20–33 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.0) and in the presence of 1–6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ML27T was 90.7 % similar to Suttonella ornithocola DSM 18249T, 89.2 % to Suttonella indologenes JCM 1478T and 88.2 % to Cardiobacterium hominis DSM 8339T; similarities to other species were less than 90 %. The average amino acid identity between strain ML27T, S. indologenes JCM 1478T, S. ornithocola DSM 18249T, C. hominis DSM 8339T and Dichelobacter nodosus ATCC 25549T were 46.23, 45.86, 45.54 and 45.84 %, respectively. Phylogenomic tree and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a novel family-level clade in the order Cardiobacteriales . The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-7 (Q-7). The dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c; 46.3 %), C16 : 0 (17.8 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c; 13.5 %). The DNA G+C content of strain ML27T was 45.6 mol%. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified lipid. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, genomic distinctiveness and characterization indicated that strain ML27T represents a novel species of a new genus within a novel family of the order Cardiobacteriales , for which the name Ostreibacterium oceani gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ostreibacterium oceani is ML27T (=MCCC 1H00372T=KCTC 72155T). In addition, a novel family, Ostreibacteriaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genus Ostreibacterium.

Objective We sought to compare the angiographic and clinical outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) with distal embolic protection devices (EPDs) versus bare metal stent (BMS) without EPD in the treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery origin stenosis (VAOS). Methods Between January 2017 and December 2018, a prospective randomized trial was conducted involving 95 patients with symptomatic VAOS randomly assigned to treatment with DCB + EPD (n = 49) or BMS without EPD (n = 46). Target vessel restenosis (RS) >50% detected by computed tomography angiography was the primary endpoint. Technical success, clinical success, and signal intensity abnormalities on diffusion-weighted imaging within 3 days after operation were compared. Results The 30-day technical success rate was 93.9% for DCB group versus 95.7% for the BMS group (P = 0.094). Diffusion-weighted imaging within 3 days postoperative showed asymptomatic embolization in 2 (4.1%) patients in the DCB group and 9 (19.6%) patients in the BMS group (P = 0.004). At a mean 16-month follow-up, the clinical success rate was 89.8% for the DCB group versus 91.3% (42/46) for the BMS group (P = 0.125). The RS was seen in 5/49 (10.2%) in the DCB group and 6/46 (13.0%) in the BMS group (P = 0.082). Target vessel revascularization was performed in 4 (8.7%) BMS group versus 3 (6.1%) in the DCB group (P = 0.091). Conclusions DCB with EPD in the treatment of symptomatic VAOS is technically feasible and safe and significantly reduced thromboembolic events on imaging when compared with BMS without EPD. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the rate of RS during 12 months after surgery.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated BDHS18T, was isolated from the sediment of the Hasuhai Lake, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this strain belongs to the genus Moheibacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae and its closest relative was Moheibacter sediminis JCM 19634T (96.0%), followed by Moheibacter stercoris DSM 29388T (95.3%). Cells of strain BDHS18T were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain BDHS18T was found to grow optimally at 28–33 ℃, pH 7.5–8.0, and in the presence of approximately 1.0% (w/v) NaCl. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, Summed feature 4 and Summed feature 9. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant polar lipids in strain BDHS18T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G + C content was 36.9 mol%. According to the phylogenetic analysis, physiological and phenotypic characteristics, strain BDHS18T represents a novel species of the genus Moheibacter, for which the name Moheibacter lacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BDHS18T (= KCTC 72160T = MCCC 1H00369T).

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria associated with various gastrointestinal diseases. At present, its apoptotic or antiapoptotic mechanism on gastric epithelial cells remains unknown and needs further illustrated. In this study, acute infection model (H. pylori and GES-1 cells were co-cultured for 24 h at a multiplicity of infection MOI of 100:1) and chronic infection model (GES-1 cells were infected repeatedly every 24 h at a multiplicity of infection MOI of 100:1 for approximately 8 weeks) were established, respectively. the chronic H. pylori infected GES-1 cells underwent a typically morphological change and Western Blot results showed that there was slight decrease in expression of E-cadherin, and obvious increase in expression of Vimentin. Apoptosis of these two models were analyzed by flow cytometry compared with the control cells, meanwhile, apoptosis associated markers (Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Bax, etc) were detected by Western blot, additional in clinical H. pylori-positive gastric cancer tissues. Results showed that compared with the control cells, acute infection of H. pylori significantly accelerated the apoptosis of GES-1, increased the expression of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3, down-regulated expression of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Moreover, an opposite result was found in chronic infection of model and clinical gastric cancer tissues, and enhanced expression of NF–κB p65. Taken together, these findings suggest that H. pylori infection plays differential effects on apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells.

This article has been retracted: please see Future Science Group policy on retractions ( https://www.futuremedicine.com/authorguide/editorialpolicies ). The following article has been retracted from Future Microbiology as it did not meet the ethical standards of the Journal, owing to a lack of informed consent obtained from the patients, prior to publication: Mei Sun, Dong Guo, Jing Zhang, Jian Zhang, Hai-Feng Teng, Jun Xia, Peng Liu, Quan-Xu Ge, Ming-Yi Wang, 'Anal swab as a potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients' appearing in the August issue of Future Microbiol. 15(12), 1101–1107 (2020). The authors and editors of Future Microbiology regret any negative consequences this publication might have caused in the scientific and medical communities.

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) started in Wuhan China, has become a global health concern. At present, glucocorticoid therapy is one of the most typically controversial treatments with COVID‐19 patients. Here, we reported an asymptomatic COVID‐19 patient with persistent positive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 for 3 weeks and proposed that glucocorticoid therapy delays the clearance of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. Therefore, more attention must be paid to the COVID‐19 patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterial pathogen for human. The rapid, specific and sensitive detection of V. vulnificus is urgently needed for early disease diagnosis and timely treatment of V. vulnificus infection. In the study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was developed for V. vulnificus detection with a set of primers, composed of two out primers and two inner primers targeted to vvhA gene. The optimal amplification temperature was 63°C and the reaction only took 35 min. The amplification products could not only be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis with ladder-like pattern bands, but also could be visualized using calcein with naked eye directly. Forty-five strains were tested for the specificity of LAMP assay, and all the V. vulnificus strains were identified correctly while other strains were negative results. The sensitive of the new LAMP assay was 100-fold more sensitive than the conventional PCR. Meanwhile, all the V. vulnificus strains were detected correctly in spiked, clinical and environmental samples by the new LAMP assay. Compared with other well-known techniques, the new LAMP assay targeted to vvhA gene was extremely rapid, simple, sensitive and specific for V. vulnificus identification.

In order to study the mechanism of wall attraction of micro-swimmers, this paper presents a numerical study on the external force-induced focus of a flexible filament in a quiescent viscous fluid. In the numerical model, the fluid is solved by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the moving filament is modeled with the immersed boundary (IB). The filament is parallel and adjacent to a near-wall initially. A periodic driving force is applied on it to induce a vibration motion which could lead to the wall attraction phenomenon of the vibrating filament. Furthermore, by adjusting the mean value of the periodic driving force, we can get a stable vibrating mode of the filament, which is called as focus pattern. The pattern is a special state of the wall attraction, which provides a convenient way to investigate the law of hydrodynamic balance. Simulations are conducted by varying the following parameters, including the boundary setting of the flow field, the magnitude, period and waveform of the external driving force, the bending modulus of the filament and the fluid viscosity. The laws of the focus pattern are discussed in detail. The results indicate that all the above parameters can affect the focus position remarkably. By analyzing the outputs of each item of the Navier–Stokes momentum conservation equation, we found that the focus is mainly caused by the balance of the joint force on the filament and the pressure effect from the flow. This finding may provide a novel way to uncover the hydrodynamic mechanism for wall attraction of waving propulsion.

Aim: To characterize the roles of VvhA in host's acquired immune response to Vibrio vulnificus infection. Materials & methods: The recombinant VvhA fusion protein was used to immunize mice and the anti-VvhA polyclonal antibody was produced in vivo for prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy assay. The roles of VvhA in T helper (Th) cells differentiation were analyzed by vvhA-deleted mutant during the early phase of infection, while the ratio of Th2 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells were examined in VvhA immunization. Results: Anti-VvhA antibody exhibited neutralization activity against V. vulnificus. Wild-type strain induced higher level of Th1 cells than the mutant, and the concentrations of IgG2a and IFN-γ were increased during the early phase of infection. The spontaneous development of Tfh was observed in immunized model, and the serum IL-21 was increased. Conclusion: V. vulnificus VvhA elicited cellular and humoral immune responses by Th1 and Tfh cells to provide protection against VvhA.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci and ESBL-producing bacteria are the most important resistant pathogens in sepsis. In the study, a new multiplex-touchdown PCR method (MT-PCR) was developed to detect rapidly and simultaneously the presence of mecA, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA genes from positive blood culture bottles. The technique showed a sensitivity of 103 CFU ml−1 for mecA detection and of 102 CFU ml−1 for other genes, and 100% specificity in the detection of all genes. All genes were detected in the spiked blood culture bottles artificially contaminated with reference strains. Three MRSA, two MRSE and 32 ESBL-producing bacteria, were isolated from the clinical blood culture specimens in 48 h by standard microbiological procedures. The corresponding genes were detected directly in the three MRSA, two MRSE and 29 ESBL-producing bacteria from the clinical blood culture specimens in 4 h by MT-PCR assay. None of blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA was detected in three other bottles with ESBL-producing bacteria because of other ESBL genotypes in the pathogens. Likewise, all bottles proven negative by culture remained negative by PCR. The proposed method was rapid, sensitive and specific, and was able to directly detect the genes of MRS and ESBL-producing bacteria from the blood culture bottles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Helicobater pylori (H. pylori) is the most important bacteria known to be associated with various gastroduodenal diseases. virB11 gene is a structural gene of tfs3a genes cluster in the plasticity region of H. pylori. In this study, the structure and biology of virB11 gene were analyzed and elucidated with bioinformatics analysis. After cloning, expression and purification, VirB11 protein was generated for the cytotoxicity to GES-1 cells and the anti-VirB11 protein antibody production for localization and interaction proteins analysis. The results showed that VirB11 protein is a hydrophilic protein, mainly locates in cell membrane. IL-8 productions from GES-1 cells co-culture with VirB11 protein were increased gradually with time (p

Due to the development of Marine aquaculture, infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus are common all over the world. Symptoms of V. vulnificus infection vary from gastrointestinal illness to septicemia. After infection with V. vulnificus, some patients showed gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, fever, diarrhea, and so on. Others appeared wound infection at the site of contact with bacteria, and even developed sepsis. Once it develops into sepsis, the prognosis of patients is very poor. However, its underlying pathogenic mechanism remains largely undetermined. Growing evidence shows that it can induce primary septicemia mainly via essential virulence factors and regulators. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that play roles in sepsis. In this review, we systematically expounded the role of V. vulnificus virulence factors and regulators in its infection-induced sepsis in order to provide useful information for the treatment and prevention of V. vulnificus.

China is emerging as a new destination for higher education sector over the past 10 years, as a result of its growing economy great research facilities and a warm welcoming culture. The influx of international students into the Chinese institutions of higher education has exponentially increased over the past years. To understand the short-term movement and contentment of the international students undertaking various courses in Chinese universities, a research was conducted to identify the source of contentment. It was a quantity-based research which entailed the use of questionnaires to collect data from a sample of 772 students distributed in 26 major universities in China. First, we used an exploratory factor analysis to identify the important factors from a range of variables. Thereof a logistic regression was used to identify the factors that determine the overall international student's satisfaction. As a result, a number of themes came up such as financial aid, living conditions, and service facilities. This research reveals how the determination to foster international student satisfaction and their increasing numbers as well as retention through improvement of these factors.

Bloodstream infections remain a leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in critical care and understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment strategies. No specific biomarkers or therapy are available for these conditions. Neutrophils play a critical role in controlling infection and it is suggested that their migration and antimicrobial activity are impaired during sepsis which contribute to the dysregulation of immune responses. Recent studies further demonstrated that interruption or reversal of the impaired migration and antimicrobial function of neutrophils improves the outcome of sepsis in animal models. In this review, we provide an overview of the associated diagnostic biomarkers involved neutrophils in sepsis, and discuss the potential of neutrophils as a target to specifically predict the outcome of sepsis.

The continued growth in international students coming to China for higher education had a significant positive impact on trade and economic growth in China. Student mobility may expend trade with their country of origin, owing to superior knowledge, or preferential access to market opportunities. We test this hypothesis using Chinese trade data from 1999 to 2017. In fully-modify (OLS) and Dynamic (OLS) testing estimation, we find that a 1.24 percent increase in student inward mobility is associated with a 1 percent increase in Chinese export trade. On the other hand, we find that 1.18 percent increase in the student inward mobility to China is associated with I percent increase in import trade. In addition, we find that a 1.13 percent increase in international student inward mobility is associated with 1 percent increase in the GDP. The outcome suggests that international students have a strong influence on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exports and imports trade. However, the study holds that the government should attach great attachment and importance to the role of international students in the export and import trade.

The Gram-negative marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been identified as a major cause of bacterial food poisoning in China. Here, the population structure and genetic diversity of V. parahaemolyticus from Weihai, a coastal city in China, was studied by the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) method. In this survey, we isolated 40 strains including environmental and clinical samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea; isolates from other countries were also included for comparison. DnaSP Version5, START V2, eBURST version3 and Mega 6 were used to analyse the data. We found that ST3 and ST332 were the most prevalent clones and that they were closely associated with acute diarrhoeal diseases. These STs showed a low dN/dS ratio and significant linkage disequilibrium. All isolates were divided into four clonal complexes, six groups and nine singletons, showing a high degree of genetic diversity. 18 STs, mostly from environmental isolates, were recognised by the MLST analysis for the first time. In conclusion, ST3 and ST332 were the epidemic STs in the coastal area. ST332 might be a region-specific ST, which needs to be confirmed by further analysis. Thus, the long-term monitoring of V. parahaemolyticus plays an important role in preventing and controlling the transmission between environment and people in Weihai.

The aim of this study was to determine the biological function of hpsh4590 in Helicobacter pylori. After Hpsh4590 was expressed using a prokaryotic expression system, the cytotoxic effects and IL-8 production of Hpsh4590 were analyzed by co-culturing with GES-1 cells. Meanwhile, the antibody of rHpsh4590, produced by immunizing rabbit, was used for localization and protein interaction studies. Hpsh4590 fusion protein was expressed successfully in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3), and the polyclonal antibody was produced at high titers. The MTT assay showed that the inhibition ratio of GES-1 cells cultured with 0.1 μg/mL rHpsh4590 (3.02% ± 0.02%) was significantly lower than that of 20 μg/mL rHpsh4590 (57.57% ± 0.03%, p < 0.01), while DAPI staining showed the cytotoxic effects of rHpsh4590 for GES-1 cells. The up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP was observed after GES-1 cells co-cultured with rHpsh4590 by Western blot. Co-culturing of GES-1 cells with rHpsh0459 (20 μg/mL) led to significant production of IL-8 at 12 h(1097.74 ± 212.37 pg/mL) and 24 h (1379.55 ± 209.58 pg/mL) then at 6 h(134.68 ± 14.64 pg/mL, p < 0.01). These observations suggest that the cytotoxicity of Hpsh4590 occurred in a concentration dependent manner, which is related with IL-8 secretion from gastric mucosal epithelial cells. Hpsh4590 was found localized in the membrane and the periplasm of H. pylori, interacted with zinc finger protein and methionine ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, and potentially regulates DNA uptake or transfer.

We read with great interest the recent publication by Kumar et al , concerning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain) among hospitalised children admitted with H1N1 influenza A virus infection.1 They have concluded that patients with GIT symptoms should not be ignored for the virus infectivity, especially during the outbreak period. Now the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) beginning in Wuhan has rapidly spread around China and other countries.2 According to the latest reports, the most common symptoms at onset of illness included fever, fatigue, dry cough, myalgia and dyspnoea, and the less common symptoms were headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.3 Few patients initially presented with only GIT symptoms were reported. On 29 January 2020, a 22-year-old man presented himself to the local fever clinic, with a 4-day history of diarrhoea and low-grade fever. The highest temperature was 38.3°C, and diarrhoea was …

Background: teaching supervision constitutes an important part of the teaching quality assurance system in colleges and universities. Purpose: Taking Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an example, to explore the ways to reflect and promote the teaching supervision. Method: this article adopted the method of literature analysis combined with the main problems of supervisory work and existence discovered by the practice of the university over last three years. It focused on three aspects: the improvement of supervisory system, the optimization of supervision structure, and the transformation of supervisory philosophy and the improvement of supervising methods. Results: the university emphasized the working mechanism of teaching supervision "supervising as the prerequisite and guiding as the key". Thus, the supervisory content and the supervisory team structure were optimized by the improvement of the supervisory system. This system was the separation of "management" and "evaluation" at both the school and college levels. It improved the monitoring of teaching and operating system, the teaching level of teachers, and the quality of students. Conclusion: this article comprehensively and systematically puts forward a new mentality of supervision and reform based on the experience of the university.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has an essential role in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. The severity of the host inflammatory responses against the bacteria have been straightly associated with a special bacterial virulence factor, the cag pathogenicity island, which is a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to deliver CagA into the host cells. Besides cag-T4SS, the chromosomes of H. pylori can encode another three T4SSs, including comB, tfs3 and tfs4. In this review, we systematically reviewed the four T4SSs of H. pylori and explored their roles in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases. The information summarized in this review might provide valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanism for H. pylori.

In this paper, a new mechanism of signal path charging damage is observed across a separated power domain interface from the non-DNW (Deep N-Well) to DNW region. This damage mechanism is unlike the damage outside DNW from the DNW to non-DNW region unveiled in our previous work. It is found that damage takes place inside the DNW and both NMOS and PMOS transistors are impacted instead of NMOS only. A model for the damage mechanism is proposed and verified comprehensively using test patterns in a 40nm logic process combined with SPICE simulations. Several protection schemes are proposed to avoid this new mechanism of charging damage.

Helicobacter pylori plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. However, only a relatively small proportion of individuals infected with H. pylori develop gastric carcinoma. Differences in the incidence of gastric carcinoma among infected individuals can be explained, at least partly, by the different genotypes of H. pylori virulence factors. Thus far, many virulence factors of H. pylori, such as Cag PAI, VacA, OMPs and DupA, have been reported to be involved in the development of gastric cancer. The risk of developing gastric cancer during H. pylori infection is affected by specific host–microbe interactions that are independent of H. pylori virulence factors. In this review, we discuss virulence factors of H. pylori and their role in the development of gastric carcinoma that will provide further understanding of the biological interactions of H. pylori with the host.

Using supercritical CO2 as the foaming agent, rigid polyvinyl chloride (R-PVC) foam sheets were prepared in a continuous extrusion foaming system. The effects of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) on the rheological properties of PVC were investigated using a Brabender torque rheometer while other basic formula remained unchanged. The influences of DOP content on microstructure, mechanical properties and density of PVC micro foamed sheet were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of DOP resulted in increased flexibility and the elongation at break of the foamed PVC sheet, while the mechanical properties of foamed PVC sheet decreased with the increase of DOP content, implying that excessive addition of DOP will cause gas escape and bubble coalescence in the foaming process. Low density PVC foam sheets with fine cell morphology were obtained when 2 phr DOP was added in PVCformula.

Background: Vibrio vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus are commonly and opportunistically pathogenic to humans. Methods: In this study, a novel multiple touchdown polymerase chain reaction method (MT-PCR) was developed to benefit rapid and simultaneous detection of the presence of the three Vibrio species from the enriched clinical and environmental samples. Results: The method showed a sensitivity of 104 colony forming units (CFU)/mL for V. vulnificus, 103 CFU/mL for V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus, and a specificity of 100% for all the three Vibrio species. All strains of the three Vibrio species were detected in the spiked samples artificially contaminated with reference strains and were identified directly from the enriched clinical and environmental samples within three hours by this MT-PCR assay. All the corresponding bacteria were isolated from these enriched samples in 48 hours by standard microbiologic procedures. Conclusions: This MT-PCR method, which can dete...

In this paper, a mechanism of CDM (Charged-Device Model) — like damage is observed across separated power domain interfaces fabricated with DNW (Deep N-well) processes. This mechanism is modeled and validated by test patterns in a 40nm logic process and by SPICE simulation. The damage mechanism is found to be unlike the traditional CDM and can be observed in wafer form, which means that such damage should be generated during the chip fabrication process. Prevention of damage is proposed and verified.

Microcellular foaming behavior of polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) composites with or without the addition of nanoclay was compared in an extrusion foaming process by using supercritical CO2 as the foaming agent. The influence of CO2 content on foaming of the composites was investigated in the study. Our experiment results demonstrated that the introduction of nanoclay dramatically improved the foaming of the PP/PS blends with increased cell-population density and decreased cell size. With the increase of CO2 injected in the foaming process, cell-population density of the foam samples further increased.