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The regio- and enantioselective functionalization of 1,3-dienes has become a powerful tool for the synthesis of allylic compounds, yet it remains a challenge for aliphatic dienes. Herein, we report...

Background: Sub-health status (SHS) is an intermediate status between health and disease. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of sub-health status among college students during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and analyze its influencing factors in order to provide basic information to increase the health level of college students. Methods: College students were selected as subjects from Guangzhou Baiyun Technician College Business using convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria was informed consent, current college students who voluntarily participated in this survey. Exclusion criteria were students with chronic diseases or mental disorders. General data questionnaire, daily lifestyle questionnaire, and SHS measurement scale were used to survey college students. The SHS measurement scale consists of three subscales covering the physiological (1-14 items), psychological (16-27 items), and social (29-37 items) dimensions, with 39 items in total. The items 15, 28, 38 and 39 were used for the overall evaluation of the health status within each dimension and would not be taken into account for the score rating. A commonly used 5-point Likert scale was developed to incorporate the positive items, including questions 1-3, 13-19, and 26-39 with a scaled score equal to the raw score at 1-5; while negative items including questions 4-12 and 20-25 with a scaled score equal to 6 minus the raw score. For each subscale, the sum of all item scores was the raw score. The total raw score was calculated as the sum of raw scores derived from all 3 sub-scales. For any individual dimension, a lower score indicated higher severity of SHS. For sub-scales and the whole scale, raw scores were converted into percentile scores for statistical analysis. Converted score = (raw score - minimum theoretical score) / (maximum theoretical score – minimum theoretical score) × 100. The highest and lowest converted scores of the three subscales were 0 and 100 respectively. In this study, analysis of sub-health was performed using converted scores for all subscales and the whole scale. Based on the sub-health measurement scale, the health condition of subjects would be assessed as disease status (scored < 54), SHS (scored 54 to 79) and health status. From March 6 to 16, 2020, an online survey was conducted via wjx.cn (an online platform available for questionnaire sources). A total of 16,163 students filled out the questionnaire. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the detected prevalence of sub-health among college students was 64.4%.the total SHS score was 73.356 ± 11.115 points, the physiological SHS score was 81.284 ± 11.034 points, the psychological SHS score was 68.691 ± 12.559 points, and the social SHS score was 67.242 ± 17.112 points. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that eating irregular meals, exercising fewer times per week, sleeping fewer hours per night, sleeping after 11 PM more often, spending more time on electronic devices, exercising for fewer minutes each time, and skipping breakfast had the significant negative impact on the SHS scores of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic (PConclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the detected prevalence of sub-health was high among college students. Society and schools should pay more attention to the health of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and take pertinence action to solve the problem base on influencing factors.

Background Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with wound healing, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are functional non-coding RNAs involved in multiple human cancers. However, whether and how circRNAs contribute to the EMT in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) remains to be deciphered. In this study, we investigated the regulation and function of hsa_circ_0003288 on programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) during EMT and HCC invasiveness. Methods Hsa_circ_0003288 expression was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Luciferase reporter assays, RNA pull-down assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to determine the correlation between hsa_circ_0003288 and miR-145 and between miR-145 and PD-L1. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression and siRNA-mediated downregulation of hsa_circ_0003288, transwell assays, and in vivo studies were used to determine the function of hsa_circ_0003288 on the EMT and invasiveness of L02 and HCC cells. Results miR-145 directly targeted the PD-L1 3′-untranslated region (UTR) region, and hsa_circ_0003288 acted as a miR-145 sponge to regulate PD-L1 expression. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0003288 increased PD-L1 levels and promoted EMT, migration, and invasiveness of L02 cells. These observations were reversed after knockdown of hsa_circ_0003288 in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Overexpression of PD-L1 rescued EMT, migration, and invasiveness of HepG2 and Huh7 cells after knockdown of hsa_circ_0003288. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0003288 knockdown reduced EMT in in vivo studies. Hsa_circ_0003288/PD-L1 axis was found to mediate the metastatic phenotypes via the PI3K/Akt pathway in HCC. Additionally, expression levels of hsa_circ_0003288 were increased and positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in HCC tissues. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that hsa_circ_0003288 promoted EMT and invasion of HCC via the hsa_circ_0003288/miR-145/PD-L1 axis through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Targeting hsa_circ_0003288 may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.

A highly enantio- and regioselective hydrosulfonylation of 1,3-dienes with sulfonyl hydrazides has been realized by using a palladium catalyst containing a monodentate chiral spiro phosphoramidite ligand. The reaction provided an efficient approach to synthetically useful chiral allylic sulfones. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through the formation of an allyl hydrazine intermediate and subsequent rearrangement to the chiral allylic sulfone product. The transformation of the allyl hydrazine intermediate to the product is the enantioselectivity-determining step.

The anti-inflammatory and antianemic activities of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) isolated from roots of Angelica sinensis (AS) was investigated in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rat model. It was observed that serum iron (SI) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels were elevated after 4-week oral administration of ASP. Red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were ameliorated as well. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were decreased strikingly in CFA-induced arthritic rats after treatment of ASP. Evidence also showed that ASP strongly inhibited hepcidin expression through the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK2/STAT3) pathway. Furthermore, ASP exhibited reduced primary and secondary lesions in adjuvant arthritis, attenuating synovitis and inflammatory joint damage. Data presented in this article collectively indicated that ASP significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6), which might play a crucial role in the CFA-induced arthritic rats, and had a therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Results of Western blot analysis indicated that ASP inhibited the activation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the CFA-induced arthritic rats.

Six pigs underwent implantation of a portal vein infusion port by transjugular access. The technical success rate was 100% (n = 6), with no surgical complications or deaths. At 1 month after implantation, the catheter tip had moved from the splenic vein to the main portal vein, while the catheter protruded into the right ventricle through the right atrium in all cases. Hence, the infusion port system has not been used in clinical practice due to its obvious displacement after implantation. However, this study provides a new idea for future exploration of portal vein infusion pathways.

T (0,1) mode guided waves have no axial or radial vibration displacement. Therefore, the energy leakage is small in liquid-filled pipes, which is suitable for detecting the axial defects of the liquid-filled pipes. Fe–Co materials with high magnetostriction coefficient is fabricated. Its magnetic properties are tested. The size and distribution of static magnetic fields generated by different permanent magnets are verified by simulation. A new torsional mode guided wave magnetostrictive patch transducer with tile-shaped permanent magnets for defect detection of the liquid-filled pipes is proposed. The detection effect of the transducer on the liquid-filled pipes under different pressures is tested through experiments. The proposed transducer consists of four tile-shaped permanent magnets, eight triangular yokes, a coil, and two magnetostrictive patches. Four groups of tile permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed around the patch according to the polarity. Magnetic yokes are installed at both ends of each group of tile permanent magnets. The experiment verified that the magnetostrictive patch transducer realize the excitation and reception of guided wave signals in the magnetostrictive patches. The amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of echo signals is improved. The position of pipe defects is determined according to the propagation time of guided wave. The influence of different pressures in the liquid-filled pipes on the amplitude of guided wave is verified.

The present study analyzed the effects of planting density on the development, quality, and gene transcription characte-ristics of Rehmannia glutinosa using 85-5 and J9 as materials with three planting densities of 5 000, 25 000, and 50 000 plants/Mu(1 Mu≈667 m~2). The agronomic characteristics of leaves and tuberous roots, the content of catalpol and acteoside, and the changes of gene expression were determined. The results showed that the leaf size, the diameter of tuberous root, leaf biomass, tuberous root number, and tuberous root biomass per plant at low density were significantly higher than those of medium and high densities. The content of catalpol and acteoside in leaves was higher at high density. The content of catalpol in tuberous roots was higher at low density, and the change trend was similar to that in leaves, while the content of acteoside in tuberous roots was higher at high density. Transcriptome analysis found that about 1/2 of the expansin genes could change regularly in response to density treatment, which was rela-ted to the development of tuberous roots. The change trend of the gene expression of multiple catalytic enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of catalpol and acteoside was consistent with that of their content, which was presumedly involved in the accumulation and regulation of density-responsive medicinal components. Based on the analysis of the development, medicinal components, and gene expression characteristics of R. glutinosa at different densities, this study is expected to provide an important basis for regulating the quality and yield of medicinal materials of R. glutinosa by managing the planting density.

Background Portal hypertension (PH) frequently gives rise to severe and life-threatening complications, including hemorrhage accompanied by the rupture of esophageal and gastric varices. In contrast to the widely studied guidelines for the management of PH in adults, there remains controversial about the optimal endoscopic management of variceal bleeding in children for secondary prophylaxis. The study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and sclerotherapy (EST) to control bleeding in children in our clinical center. Methods The retrospective study included 21 children with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding who were treated by endoscopic variceal ligation or sclerotherapy at Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between January 2007 and July 2020. The treatment outcome involving short-term hemostatic rate and long-term rebleeding rate were investigated. Adverse events related to the procedures, such as esophageal ulcer, esophageal stricture, abnormal embolization, pneumonia and perforation were also observed. Results The 21 pediatric patients who were diagnosed as moderate to severe esophageal varices concurrent with gastric varices experienced EVL or EST successfully. Hemostasis was achieved in 45 of 47 (95.7%) episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The mean volume of each single aliquot of cyanoacrylate injected was 0.3 ± 0.1 mL (range: 0.1–0.5 mL). Twenty-four patients (75%) reach varices eradication in the EVL group with a median number of procedures before eradication of 2 (1–4) and a median time to eradication of 3.40 months (1.10-13.33). Eleven patients (52.4%) developed rebleeding events, with the mean duration of hemostasis being 11.1 ± 11.6 mo (range: 1.0-39.2 mo). No treatment-related complications, for example, distal embolism, were noted with the exception of abdominal pain in one patient (4.8%). Conclusions Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy or in combination with EVL turns out to be an effective and safe approach to treat variceal hemorrhage in children for secondary prophylaxis.

Based on hourly concentration data of PM

Background Platelets play a crucial role in breast cancer (BC) progression and metastases. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of platelet activation. The aim of the present study was to assess whether there is a difference in MPV between patients with metastatic BC with liver metastases and those with BC without liver metastases. Methods Between January 2014 and December 2017, 211 metastatic BC patients with synchronous liver metastases and 215 BC patients without metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Patients' clinicopathological characteristics data were collected. Results MPV levels were reduced in patients with liver metastases compared with those in patients without liver metastases. There were significant differences in MPV levels according to liver metastases status both in premenopausal and in postmenopausal non-TNBC or non-HER2+ patients. Moreover, in postmenopausal HER2+ or TNBC patients, MPV levels were lower in patients with liver metastases compared with those in patients without liver metastases. In the group with non-liver metastasis, platelet distribution width was significantly associated with tumor N stage. In addition, the prevalence of BC liver metastases decreased as MPV quartiles increased. After adjusting for other risk factors, the odds ratios for liver metastases according to MPV quartiles were 1.000, 0.267 (0.134-0.530), 0.072 (0.034-0.152), and 0.137 (0.066-0.281), respectively. Conclusion MPV is reduced in BC patients with liver metastases compared with that in BC patients without metastases. Moreover, MPV is independently associated with the presence of liver metastases.

A supramolecular polymer was constructed from a light-driven overcrowded alkene switch modified with two alkylated gallic acid amide pendants (MSP-1). Upon UV irradiation, stable MSP-1 isomerized into unstable MSP-2, which induced the effective collapse of well-defined cross-linked supramolecular polymers, and the reassembly can be realized by aging at low temperature.

Background Platelets play a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between platelet indices and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases. Methods Between January 2015 and December 2017, 232 NSCLC patients with brain metastases and 244 NSCLC patients without metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Patients' clinicopathological characteristics data were collected. Results Platelet count was increased and mean platelet volume (MPV) was reduced in NSCLC patients with brain metastases compared with NSCLC patients without metastases. In addition, the prevalence of NSCLC decreased as MPV quartiles increased. After adjusting for other risk factors, the ORs (95% CIs) for NSCLC brain metastases according to MPV quartiles were 1.757 (1.024-3.015), 2.097 (1.209-3.635), 1.517 (0.874-2.635), and 1.000, respectively. Conclusions MPV is reduced in NSCLC patients with brain metastases compared with NSCLC patients without metastases. Moreover, MPV is found to be independently associated with the presence of NSCLC brain metastases.

Based on the effect hierarchy principle, a good design should minimize the confounding among the lower-order effects. Thus, it is important to obtain the confounding information of effects of a des...

A light-responsive supramolecular polymer was constructed by an AB-type monomer containing a light-responsive overcrowded alkene. The primary assemblies of the supramolecular polymer can further undertake secondary self-assembly by interfacial host-guest connections, which can be manipulated by light stimuli to convert into discrete primary assemblies.

Based on 98 Chinese pine (基于贺兰山地区98棵油松树轮样本的宽度数据、植被归一化指数(NDVI)数据以及土地覆被数据,采用VS-oscilloscope模型模拟的油松径向生长过程,研究植被冠层与树干形成层物候之间的联系。结果表明: 林地冠层与油松形成层生长结束期(EOS)显著相关,且高于草地与形成层之间的相关。油松生长开始期(SOS)和EOS分别与5—6月、8—9月的平均最低温度有关。5—6月的平均最低气温每升高1 ℃,SOS提前4.3 d;8—9月的平均最低气温每升高1 ℃,EOS推迟2.6 d。植被冠层物候与油松形成层物候的相关性受植被类型的影响;仅通过树轮生理模型模拟树木生长动态,结果可能存在偏差;利用遥感监测数据将冠层发育和形成层生长过程结合有助于更准确地了解树木生长动态。.

BACKGROUND: Platelets play a key role in tumor progression and metastasis. C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is the receptor expressed on platelets and the marker of platelet activation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine whether soluble CLEC-2 levels differ between patients with benign colorectal polyps and those with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: We measured plasma soluble CLEC-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 150 patients with colorectal polyps, 150 CRC patients without metastasis, 150 CRC liver metastasis, and 150 control subjects. RESULTS: The CRC patients had higher soluble CLEC-2 levels than patients with colorectal polyps (p< 0.001). Moreover, CRC patients with liver metastases displayed higher CLEC-2 levels than those in CRC patients without metastases (p< 0.001). In the CRC patients, CLEC-2 levels were correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. In the patients with polyps, there was a significant difference in CLEC-2 levels among patients with hyperplastic polyp, sessile serrated adenoma, and traditional serrated adenoma (p< 0.001). The ROC curve analysis revealed CLEC-2 had an optimal sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 94.6% for the screening of CRC, and sensitivity of 71.0% and specificity of 76.7% for the differential diagnosis of colorectal polyps and CRC. CONCLUSIONS: CRC patients have higher CLEC-2 levels than patients with colorectal polyps and healthy controls. Moreover, there is a significant difference in CLEC-2 levels among polyp subtypes. Further research is warranted.

A new high performance maritime rescue antenna is presented, including VHF, UHF and GPS bands in buoy miniaturization environment. By using innovative method of coaxial design, each of their desired radiation pattern and return loss are achieved. Specially, two VHF antennas, with 10dB impedance bandwidth of 4% (155-162MHz) and 8% (230-250MHz) respectively, port isolation of 15dBi are carefully designed. Meanwhile, the gain of VHF antennas is greater than 2dBi in elevation plane and the variation less than 1dBi in azimuthal plane. Circularly polarized UHF antenna achieves the wide beamwidth of 120 degrees at 406MHz, under the gain of 4.5dBi in elevation plane and axis ratio less than 3dBi with quadrifilar spiral inverted-F structure and shorted stub. GPS antenna is in the form of microstrip patch, which has good radiation characteristics. All antennas are finally verified by both simulations and measurements, showing their great potential applications in maritime rescue system.

A novel structure of bondwire and microstrip lines for Chip-to-Chip inter-connection up to 130GHz is firstly pre-sented in this paper. Its realization is based on PCB heterogeneous integration process. In order to reduce its high inserted loss which mainly caused of high inductance of the bondwire, the microstrip line of the structure is then optimized. Simulated results show that the minimum insertion loss of 1.0 dB for the structure can be achieved, with the bandwidth more than 35 GHz in bands of 100-135 GHz.

A miniaturized and high frequency response 35 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system is presented for short range target detections. The system mainly consists of two antennas, a single chip transceiver and a signal processor. Thanks to our design and integrated techniques, high performance of the system is achieved and also verified by experimental results using our fabricated prototype. Our results show that the detection accuracy of 0.2m can be achieved for 15cm *15cm metal targets within detection distance of 12m, along with the radar system total size of 29mm in diameter, which agrees well with our design.

Two kinds of 60 GHz integrated planar patch array antennas with high gain and low profile are designed and implemented on Rogers3003 substrate. The antennas have the advantages of low profile, high isolation, and low insertion loss, both antennas have a gain of about 12 dBi, radiation efficiencies are 91% and 93%, bandwidths (|S11

A miniaturized, low-power and short-range 60 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system is presented for small size target detection. It mainly consists of two antennas, a transceiver and a signal processor. The system design, subsystem integrated realization and performance verification is developed. Experimental results using our fabricated prototype show that the detection accuracy of 0.2m can be achieved for 15cm*15cm metal targets with detection distance of 15m under the system total size of 29mm in diameter and 5mm height conditions, which agrees well with our design.

Background In diabetes, delayed wound healing is one of the most prominent clinical manifestations and lacks satisfactory therapeutic schemes. Persistent inflammation impairs the healing process which occurs in the late phase of wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. It has been report that dendrobium officinale (DE) could decrease inflammation and the NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulated inflammation. The aim of the present study is to detect whether DE attenuated inflammation by NF-κB to accelerate wound healing in diabetes. Methods Mice were induced to diabetes by streptozocin (STZ) for 15 days. Two circular 8-mm full-thickness wounds were created on the back and then received DE treatment for 18 days. The percentage of wound healing, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were calculation to evaluation the effect of DE on wound healing. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)- 1β and TNF-α in the wound site were determined by WB. Macrophage deposition and the type of macrophage were detected by WB and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the expression of p65 was detected by WB. Results Herein, we observed that the late wound healing could be improved by dendrobium officinale orchid extract (DE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM mice. The accumulation of collagen was increased by DE treatment in the skin. We also found that the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines IL-1β, and TNF-α were inhibited by DE treatment in the skin wounds of DM mice. Furthermore, the macrophages accumulation which increased in diabetes wound site, were inhibited by DE treatment in the DM mice wound skin. And the CD163 which is a marker of type 2 macrophage was increased by DE treatment. Moreover, we confirmed that DE could decrease the expression of iNos which is a marker of type 1 macrophage by IHC in the skin wounds. And the levels of p65 and p65 phosphorylation were decreased by DE. Conclusions Wound healing can be improved by DE through NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuated inflammation in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

The aim of the present study was to observe the expression of pyroptosis- and inflammation-related proteins in the hippocampus of mice with insulin resistance (IR) after aerobic exercise, and to explore the possible mechanism of exercise to improve IR. C57BL/6J male mice of 6 weeks old were randomly fed with normal diet (n = 12) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 26) for 12 weeks respectively. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed to determine whether IR occurred in HFD mice. Then the mice were randomly divided into control group (n = 12), IR group (n = 10) and IR + aerobic exercise group (AE, n = 10). Mice in AE group performed a 12-week progressive speed treadmill training after being adapted to the treadmill for one week. After the intervention, the expression of pyroptosis- and inflammation-related proteins in hippocampus was detected by Western blot. The results showed that compared with control group, NFκB, Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), pyroptosis-related proteins like pro-Caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), GSDMD-N, and inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-18 were significantly increased. The inflammasome-related protein NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) and pyroptosis-related protein Caspase-1 showed an increasing trend, but there was no significant difference. Compared with the IR group, progressive speed treadmill training significantly reduced the expression of NFκB, NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, pro-Caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the hippocampus of mice with IR. These results suggested 12-week progressive speed treadmill training can significantly reduce the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and inflammatory factors in the hippocampus of mice with IR, and inhibit pyroptosis.