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Ureter stricture, ureter reconstruction, laparoscopy, ureteroureterostomy, JJ stent, #Urology Keywords: ureter stricture; ureter reconstruction; laparoscopy; ureteroureterostomy; JJ stent; #Urology EN ureter stricture ureter reconstruction laparoscopy ureteroureterostomy JJ stent #Urology 631 633 3 04/25/23 20230501 NES 230501 Abbreviation JJS JJ stent Introduction Ureteric reconstruction is an important technique for the management of ureteric stricture. (i) A guidewire is applied to cascade both ends of the JJS before placement, the flexible tip of the guidewire is threaded through four holes as follows: the lateral side hole next to the end of the JJS that is released second; the hole at the end of the JJS that is released second; the lateral side hole next to the end of the JJS that is released first; and the hole at the end of the JJS that is released first (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Nephrolithiasis seriously affects people's health with increasing prevalence and high recurrence rates. However, there is still a lack of effective interventions for the clinical prevention of kidney stones. Hyperoxaluria-induced renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury is a known key factor in kidney stone formation. Thus, developing new drugs to inhibit the hyperoxaluria-induced TEC injury may be the best way., Methods: We synthesized the Se@SiO 2 nanocomposites as described in Zhu's study. The size and morphology of the Se@SiO 2 nanocomposites were captured by transmission electron microscopy. Cell viability was measured by a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: (I) the control group (n=6); (II) the Se@SiO 2 group (n=6); (III) the glyoxylic acid monohydrate (GAM) group; and (IV) the GAM + Se@SiO 2 group (n=6). The concentration of Se in the mice was quantified using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy., Results: The CCK-8 assays showed that Se@SiO 2 nanocomposites had almost no obvious cytotoxicity on the Transformed C3H Mouse Kidney-1 (TCMK-1) cell. The mice kidney Se concentration levels in the Se@SiO 2 groups (Se@SiO 2 6.905±0.074 mg/kg; GAM + Se@SiO 2 7.673±2.85 mg/kg) (n=6) were significantly higher than those in the control group (Control 0.727±0.072 mg/kg; GAM 0.747±0.074 mg/kg) (n=6). The Se@SiO 2 nanocomposites reduced kidney injury, calcium oxalate crystal deposition, and the osteoblastic-associated proteins in the hyperoxaluria mice models., Conclusions: Se@SiO 2 nanocomposites appear to protect renal TECs from hyperoxaluria by reducing reactive oxygen species production, suggesting the potential role of preventing kidney stone formation and recurrence., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tau.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tau-23-511/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved.)

Kidney stone formation is a very complex process. Multiple molecules and proteins are involved in its formation. High level of oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, 200 mg/ml) crystals are key elements for this process, but the exact mechanism needs to be defined. HOA has been shown to cause renal cell injury through oxidative stress, leading to potential crystal deposition in the kidneys, which induced apoptosis of kidney epithelial cells. Recent reports indicated that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is involved in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors, and APE1-dependent apoptosis is observed in various nephropathy models. Therefore, we investigated the changes of APE1 protein expression in the human kidney epithelial cell line (HK-2) by exposing them to high oxalate and COM in various conditions. The results showed that HOA triggers intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis of HK-2 cells. This process was mediated by the abnormal expression, modification, and redistribution of APE1 protein in HK-2 cells. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reversed this effect. Our results demonstrated a novel molecular mechanism related to renal epithelial cell injury and kidney stone formation.

Objective : To analyze the current treatment for low-risk prostate cancer (LRPC) in China. Methods : A national questionnaire survey titled "A survey of current treatment of LRPC" was designed and released nationally through the network from July 16 to August 3, 2017. Results : A total of 1,116 valid questionnaires were recovered. The percentages of preferred treatment by active surveillance (AS) or radical prostatectomy (RP) were 29.21% and 45.61%, respectively. A correspondence analysis showed that the physician in charge was more inclined to choose AS than RP. Respondents from different institution types, hospitals with different annual numbers of newly admitted patients with prostate cancer, and with different familiarity with the LRPC definition presented a significant difference in the preferred treatments (p < 0.05). Urologists chose AS or not for the following reasons: tumor progression (52.51%), potential medical disputes (42.56%) (i.e., medical disputes from patients or their relatives when urologists choose AS to treat patients with LRPC and the patient has a poor outcome), fear of cancer (41.94%), and surgical risk (39.07%). These reasons were ubiquitous, and there was no significant difference among urologists for these concerns (p > 0.05). Personal skills, surgical risk, and tumor progression were the most common factors that influenced whether AS or RP was preferred (p < 0.05). Concern about the medical disputes brought about by AS was a key factor for not choosing AS (p < 0.05). Conclusions : LRPC is still dominated by RP in China, followed by AS. Personal skills, surgical risk, and concern about tumor progression were the common factors influencing whether AS or RP was preferred. In addition, medical disputes brought by AS are another key factor for not choosing AS. There will be more Chinese data in the future to guide treatment of LRPC., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.