1. DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar
- Author
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Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, Sire, Lucas, Rasmussen, Bruno, Rougerie, Rodolphe, Wieser, Christian, Allaoui, Allaoui Ahamadi, Minet, Joel, DeWaard, Jeremy R., Decaens, Thibaud, and Lees, David C.
- Subjects
DNA barcoding -- Methods ,Biodiversity -- Genetic aspects ,Moths -- Genetic aspects -- Environmental aspects ,Rain forests ,Bar codes ,Phenylalanine ,Codons ,Introduced species ,Novels ,DNA ,Futures ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Madagascar is a prime evolutionary hotspot globally, but its unique biodiversity is under threat, essentially from anthropogenic disturbance. There is a race against time to describe and protect the Madagascan endangered biota. Here we present a first molecular characterization of the micromoth fauna of Madagascar. We collected 1572 micromoths mainly using light traps in both natural and anthropogenically disturbed habitats in 24 localities across eastern and northwest Madagascar. We also collected 1384 specimens using a Malaise trap in a primary rain forest at Andasibe, eastern Madagascar. In total, we DNA barcoded 2956 specimens belonging to 1537 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 88.4% of which are new to BOLD. Only 1.7% of new BINs were assigned to species. Of 47 different families found, Dryadaulidae, Bucculatricidae, Bedelliidae, Batrachedridae, and Blastobasidae are newly reported for Madagascar and the recently recognized Tonzidae is confirmed. For test faunas of Canada and Australia, 98.9%-99.4% of Macroheterocera BINs exhibited the molecular synapomorphy of a phenylalanine in the 177th complete DNA barcode codon. Non-macroheteroceran BINs could thus be sifted out efficiently in the Malaise sample. The Madagascar micromoth fauna shows highest affinity with the Afrotropics (146 BINs also occur in the African continent). We found 22 recognised pests or invasive species, mostly occurring in disturbed habitats. Malaise trap samples show high temporal turnover and alpha diversity with as many as 507 BINs collected; of these, astonishingly, 499 (98.4%) were novel to BOLD and 292 (57.6%) were singletons. Our results provide a baseline for future surveys across the island. Key words: Africa, invasive alien species, Lepidoptera, Malaise trap, plant pests. Madagascar est un haut lieu de l'evolution au niveau mondial, mais sa biodiversite unique est menacee, essentiellement en raison de perturbations anthropogeniques. Une course contre la montre est engagee pour decrire et proteger le biote malgache menace. Dans ce travail, les auteurs presentent une premiere caracterisation moleculaire des << microlepidopteres >> de Madagascar. Les auteurs ont recolte 1572 specimens en utilisant principalement des pieges lumineux (dans des milieux tantot naturels, tantot perturbes par l'Homme) au sein de 24 localites dispersees a travers l'est et le nord-ouest de Madagascar. Ils ont aussi collecte 1384 specimens a l'aide d'un piege Malaise dans une foret primaire humide a Andasibe. Au total, les codes-barres ADN ont ete sequences pour 2956 specimens correspondant a 1537 BIN, dont 88,4 % sont inedits dans BOLD. Seuls 1,7 % des nouveaux BIN ont ete assignes a une espece connue. Parmi les 47 familles trouvees, les Dryadaulidae, Bucculatricidae, Bedelliidae, Batrachedridae et Blastobasidae sont signales pour la premiere fois de Madagascar. La faune etudiee presente la plus grande affinite avec l'ecozone afrotropicale (dans laquelle se retrouvent 146 BIN). Les auteurs ont trouve 22 ravageurs connus ou especes envahissantes, principalement dans les habitats perturbes. Les specimens provenant des pieges Malaise different au fil du temps et presentent une grande diversite alpha, leur total pouvant atteindre 507 BIN. Parmi ceux-ci, etonnamment, 499 (98,4 %) sont inedits dans BOLD et 292 (57,6 %) ont ete vus une seule fois. Ces resultats fournissent un referentiel pour de futures etudes dans d'autres regions de l'ile. Mots-cles : Afrique, especes envahissantes, Lepidoptera, piege Malaise, ravageurs de plantes., Introduction Madagascar is one of the top priority global hotspots for biodiversity conservation with high endemicity and under large anthropogenic pressure (Vences et al. 2009). There is an urgent need [...]
- Published
- 2019
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