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T.C. Power was a Montana merchandise, transportation, mining, ranching, banking, and real estate magnate; and U.S. Senator from Montana from 1890 to 1895. Collection (1868-1950) includes personal, business, and political correspondence plus financial and legal papers of many of his business enterprises. Collection documents Power's involvement in military and Indian trade, steamboating, freighting, stage coach lines, mail contracts, cattle and sheep ranching, mining, banking, bridge building, townsite development, and other enterprises., The T.C. Power Papers are arranged into sixteen subgroups: 1) T.C. Power--Political, 2) T.C. Power--Personal, 3) T.C. Power and Brother (includes associated companies), 4) C.B. Power--Personal, 5) Grain Companies, 6) Hardware Companies, 7) Mercantile Companies, 8) Mining Companies, 9) Organizations 10) Ranch Companies, 11) Real Estate, 12) Transportation Companies, 13) Water Companies, 14) Bismarck, North Dakota, enterprises, 15) Washington and Oregon enterprises, and 16) Miscellaneous enterprises., The papers (1881-1902) in the T.C. POWER--POLITICAL SUBGROUP document his unsuccessful bid to be the first State governor in 1889 and, more importantly, his term as a United States senator, 1890-1895. Forming the largest segment of the political papers is the General Correspondence, which reflects issues that affected the livelihood of his constituents: free silver and the wool tariff. Most of this is incoming correspondence with only a few letters of reply from Power. Other questions of interest to Montanans during his term of office were the establishment of better services, such as post offices for rural areas, irrigation, uses of public lands, and requests for political patronage. The subgroup also contains Financial Records, including an election expense account for 1888-1895; Legal Documents, Speeches, including an 1889 campaign speech; Clippings, mainly tariff issues, irrigation, and political scrapbooks; and a Miscellany Series, which includes lists of registered voters; federal documents; a record of bills, etc., pertaining to irrigation introduced in the U.S. Senate during the 52nd Congress, an 1892 list of attorneys in Montana, and petitions for the establishment of post offices., The papers (1871-1923) in the T.C. POWER--PERSONAL SUBGROUP reflect his involvement in the firm of T.C. Power and Brother, and his financial investments in other areas. Because Power played such an important role in the administration of T.C. Power and Brother, his General Correspondence details some of the activity of the holding company, particularly after 1900. The Financial Records, which detail his personal investments in mining and real estate--including areas outside of Montana, make up another significant portion of his personal papers. There are also some records for his household expenses. Other series include Legal Documents, consisting mostly of agreements and bills of sale; Organization records, including stock certificates and minutes of meetings; miscellaneous Clippings; assay and company Reports; and a Miscellany Series including such things as a 1920 list of sheep owners in Montana and a 1916 list of materials suitable for paving streets in Fort Benton., The largest volume of records are those in the T.C. POWER AND BROTHER SUBGROUP. T.C. Power and Brother was a holding company whose operations first centered at Fort Benton. Originally the activity of the company focused on steamboating on the Missouri River, supplying merchandise to branch stores, Indian agencies and military posts, cattle ranches, and area residents. The company later expanded to include mining, stage coach lines, and real estate. Records for the holding company are nearly complete for the period 1880-1900. Some records, such as outgoing correspondence and financial material, date to the late 1860s. Between 1900 and 1920 there is almost no correspondence in the company's records. Consequently, the personal papers of T.C. Power and of C.B. Power, and those companies in which T.C. Power and Brother had an interest, must be used to fill this gap., Charles Benton Power's personal records (1895-1941), in the C.B. POWER--PERSONAL SUBGROUP, document his active participation in various aspects of T.C. Power and Brother, as well as his extensive interests outside of Montana. His General Correspondence (1895-1940) documents the economic reversals of the 1920s and 1930s, particularly as they affected the companies of T.C. Power and Brother. Other series include Financial Records (1895-1940); Legal Documents (1894-1938); and Organization records (1922-1932), including stock certificates and minutes of the Montana Automobile Association., The GRAIN, HARDWARE, MERCANTILE, MINING, RANCH, REAL ESTATE, TRANSPORTATION, and WATER SUBGROUPS reflect the Powers' wide-ranging economic interests. In many ways the records represent a cross-section of Montana's economic life during the late 1800s and the early 1900s. During the 1800s most of the records of these companies were retained with the T.C. Power and Brother records. After 1900, however, they were filed separately by each company. The difficulty then in dealing with this collection is that the whole Power corporation was not entirely consistent in either of these practices. Consequently a researcher interested in one of these subgoup companies also has to look in the T.C. Power and Brother records, and in the personal papers of T.C. Power and C.B. Power. In addition to their Montana businesses, T.C. and C.B. Power were also involved in real estate, irrigation, mercantile, banking, and lumbering operations in Oregon and Washington., The records in the WASHINGTON AND OREGON SUBGROUP have been kept separate from the Montana businesses, but additional material can be found in the T.C. Power and Brother, T.C. Power--Personal, and C.B. Power--Personal subgroups. (Manuscript Collection 55).

James Brisbin, a Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, native, served as an Army officer in the Civil War and the Indian Wars, 1868-1891. He was stationed at Fort Ellis, Fort Assiniboine, Fort Custer, Montana Territory, and many other western forts. Brisbin was also a writer and publicist. The collection contains a small amount of correspondence (1860-1890), and writings (1850-1891) concerning the Army, the Indian Wars, the West, and Montana Territory., This collection consists almost exclusively of drafts and copies of James S. Brisbin's writings. These writings generally focus on his army career, the Plains Indian and the Indian Wars, and other facets of his experiences in the Northwest. Also included are articles and handwritten copies of letters to newspapers on a wide variety of topics. The collection also contains a small amount of correspondence, including Civil War era letters, family letters and correspondence on Brisbin's military career in the West. A portion of this collection has been microfilmed (Microfilm 328). (Manuscript Collection 39).

Personal and business papers of Thomas Cruse. Collection contains incoming and outgoing correspondence, financial records, legal documents, reports, and miscellany, dealing with Cruse's various activities (1882-1914), including the Thomas Cruse Savings Bank and the N Bar Ranch. The collection also documents the Thomas Cruse estate and the Thomas Cruse Mining and Development Company, which was formed from many of the Cruse holdings. Other subgroups represent key individuals in the various Cruse enterprises. The collection documents mining, banking, and cattle and sheep ranching.

The photographs in the Power family photograph collection cover a broad range of interests and activities, spanning the years 1872-1945. The photograph collection represents not only some of the business investments and properties; it also documents family, friends and social life in Montana at the turn of the century. The photographs are arranged by subject, beginning with the family in alphabetical order, each file also sorted chronologically. Subjects following Power family include Power connected Business Enterprises, Ranches, and Residences. General topics include Animals, Children, Cities and Towns, Forts and Fortifications, Groups, Houses, Indians of North America, Landscapes, Portraits of Men, Mining, Monuments and Memorials, Recreation, Transportation, U.S. Senators, Universities and Colleges, Portraits of Women, and Yellowstone National Park.

Artisanal and/or illegal mining occurs throughout the African continent and is affected by government institutions and their policies, mining companies and their activities as well as the communities where it occurs. Mining companies, in particular, make significant investments in the communities around their mines via corporate social responsibility (CSR). Mining companies choose to either acknowledge that illegal miners are in fact a stakeholder in the community around the mine, and manage the relationship proactively, or they choose to accept that the activity is illegal and/or opt for the government and police to get involved in managing the relationship. The research explores the possibility of mining companies and illegal miners cooperating with each other, instead of competing, and the nature of the mining companies CSR and stakeholder engagement (SE) strategies that make for a more transformational relationship. The research establishes the environmental and organisational factors that drive this relationship. Ten interviews were conducted with CSR practitioners, sustainability managers, asset protection experts, consultants and geologists working for gold mining companies operating throughout Africa. Qualitative data was collected through the use of semistructured interviews and the data was analysed using content analysis. Through this research, a stakeholder identification and engagement tool has been developed for mining companies and their managers to use throughout their global operations. This tool can be used to report and manage the relationship with illegal miners globally, as the relationship is highly dependent on the country setting and context.

Numerous studies have examined the relationship between a critical mass of women on corporate boards and firm performance. Despite convincing arguments that racially diverse board members contribute positively to the board's management oversight and strategy formulation responsibilities, literature examining race in the boardroom has been very scant and racial minority directors remain persistently under- represented on corporate boards. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a critical mass of 30% Black directors on boards and audit committees of public companies performed better than companies with less than 30% Black directors. The study was conducted using the mining and financial services companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Quantitative research methodology was utilized to test the financial ratios of ROA, ROE, Tobin's Q, Share Price, P: E Ratio and Dividend Payout with companies that had a minimum of 30% Black directors compared to companies with less than 30% Black directors. The study revealed that there was no relationship between either a critical mass of Black directors on boards and financial performance or between a critical mass of Black directors on audit committees and financial performance.

"Immense natural resource wealth lies buried within Afghan soil. The potential revenue stream resulting from the extraction of minerals and hydrocarbons from the country has been identified as a replacement for international aid and ultimately as a catalyst for self-sustaining economic growth. Political instability and the potential adverse effects of resource abundance in underdeveloped countries, however, pose challenges to this assertion. Afghanistan's long history of aid dependence is used as a proxy measure in this study to assess the impact of large revenue streams on political and economic institutions. While research found that foreign aid had a detrimental effect on institutional quality within Afghanistan, the study also determined that a critical difference exists between the method in which aid was dispersed, and the manner in which large-scale resource revenue payouts will necessarily occur within the country. Initial observations suggest that the realization of the country's economic potential has positively affected government institutions charged with developing the mining sector. While analysis of aid programs in the country shows flaws in governance and monetary policies, there are indications that the incentives induced by the emerging mining sector have triggered a shift toward a future-oriented development strategy amongst political and economic leaders."--Abstract.