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Physical fitness is considered as a process of directed development of physical qualities, contributing to the formation of the necessary range of motor skills and abilities. The study of students’ physical fitness was conducted by gender. Physical fitness testing was carried out according to the guidelines developed by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus. The study of physical qualities showed that the maximum increases of the indicators of physical fitness being studied do not always coincide with the rates of puberty, however, in general, the biological development of adolescents is determined by gender differences in the dynamics of physical fitness. An integral assessment of the general physical fitness of schoolchildren showed that students of all age groups, regardless gender, are at the average level of physical fitness when they are involved in sports.