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Objectives: Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) is the most encountered subtype of endometrial cancer (EC). Our study aimed to investigate the factors affecting recurrence in patients with stage 1A and 1B EEC. Material and methods: Our study included 284 patients diagnosed with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 1A/1B EEC in our center from 2010 to 2018. The clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were obtained retrospectively from their electronic files. Results: The median age of the patients was 60 years (range 31–89). The median follow-up time of the patients was 63.6 months (range 3.3–185.6). Twenty-two (7.74%) patients relapsed during follow-up. Among the relapsed patients, 59.1% were at stage 1A ECC, and 40.9% were at stage 1B. In our study, the one-, three-, and five-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 98.9%, 95.4%, and 92.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, grade and tumor size were found to be independent parameters of RFS in all stage 1 EEC patients. Furthermore, the Ki-67 index was found to affect RFS in stage 1A EEC patients, and tumor grade affected RFS in stage 1B EEC patients. In the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the statistically significant cut-off values were determined for tumor size and Ki-67 index in stage 1 EEC patients. Conclusions: Stage 1-EEC patients in the higher risk group in terms of tumor size, Ki-67, and grade should be closely monitored for recurrence. Defining the prognostic factors for recurrence in stage 1 EEC patients may lead to changes in follow-up algorithms.

Bu tanımlayıcı çalışmada gastrointestinal sistem yerleşimli lipoma tanısı alan olguların sunulması ve bu tümörlerin klinikopatolojik özelliklerinin literatür bilgileri eşliğinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda Tıbbi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı arşivi taranarak gastrointestinal sistem yerleşimli lipoma tanısı alan 19 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Olguların 11'i kadın (%57,9), 8'i erkekti (%42,1). Ortalama yaş değeri 62,3 yaş olarak saptandı (yaş dağılımı 36-78). 19 olgunun 14'ü kolon, 3'ü ince barsak, 1'i mide ve 1'i rektum yerleşimliydi. Angiolipoma tanısı alan inen kolon yerleşimli tek olgu dışında kalan tüm olgular klasik lipoma morfolojsindeydi. Genellikle insidental olarak saptanan lipomalar, obtrüksiyon, intusepsiyon ve kanama gibi ciddi gastrointestinal semptomlara yol açabilen, adenokarsinomalara eşlik edebilen ve malignitelerle ayırıcı tanısı yapılması gereken tümörlerdir. Tüm olgular operasyon öncesinde uygun radyolojik ve endoskopik yöntemlerle incelenmeli ve her olgu için en uygun tedavi seçeneği değerlendirilmelidir. In this descriptive study, we aimed to present lipoma cases diagnosed in the gastrointestinal tract and to evaluate the clinicopathological features of these tumors based on literature review. In this study, patient files of 19 cases diagnosed with lipoma of the gastrointestinal tract were retrospectively reviewed from the archives of the Department of Pathology of Faculty of Medicine. Eleven of the cases were female (%57,9), and eight (42,1%) were male. The mean age was 62,3 years (range: 36-78 years). Of the 19 cases, 14 were located in the colon, 3 in the small intestine, 1 in the stomach and 1 in the rectum. The classical morphology of lipoma was seen in all cases except one case that was diagnosed with angiolipoma located in the descending colon. Generally, incidentally detected lipomas, which can be accompanied by adenocarcinomas, are tumors that can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as obstruction, intussusception and bleeding, and differential diagnosis of malignancies is required. All cases should be examined by appropriate radiological and endoscopic methods before operation and the most appropriate treatment option should be evaluated for each case.

Background Hyperparathyroidism is caused by parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia or carcinoma. Parathyroid adenomas are the most common cause of parathyroid disease (85-88%) while atypical parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas are the least frequently seen parathyroid neoplasms which cause diagnostic difficulty. This series aims to identifiy lesions of parathyroidectomy specimens in our center and draw attention to borderline cases in between parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma. Methods 638 parathyroidectomy materials diagnosed in our center between the years 2005 and 2016 were examined retrospectively and all were included in the study. Results In all the 638 parathyroidectomy cases evaluated, 427 were diagnosed with adenoma, 117 with hyperplasia, 54 with normal parathyroid tissue, 32 with parathyroid neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential, 7 with parathyroid carcinoma and 1 with normal thyroid tissue. Conclusions Parathyroid neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential defines cases with suspicious histopathological features of carcinoma but doesn't meet the criteria for parathyroid carcinoma. In our series, these cases are identified as atypical parathyroid adenoma. We present clinical and morphological features of our parathyroidectomy cases in an 11-year period and aim to raise concern about borderline cases in between adenoma and carcinoma. We think that such tumors, similar to the thyroid neoplasm classification, should be defined as parathyroid neoplasms with uncertain malignant potential and should be followed closely.

Introduction: Lesions mimicking malignancies in the nasopharynx are frequently seen in adult patients. These include inflammatory, metaplastic, and cystic lesions. We aimed to draw attention to rare tumor-like lesions that can be confused with malignancies and cause diagnostic difficulties clinically and radiologically. Methods: A total of 538 patients who underwent nasopharyngeal biopsy in our center between January 2010 and June 2020 were evaluated. Patient information was obtained from patient files and evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 19 of the 538 patients had tumor-like lesions that were included in the study. Granulomatous inflammation was present in seven cases, oncocytic metaplasia in four cases, benign cyst in five cases, fungal infection in two cases, and immunoglobulin G4–related disease in one case. Conclusions: The nasopharynx is a region where various lesions can be seen. Some lesions form tumor-mimicking mass effect, cause increased thickness, and lead to increased metabolic activity in positron emission tomography–computed tomography that create the illusion of a malignant tumor and histopathologic verification is crucial. We aimed to present these rare tumor-like lesions that should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis.

Son dönemde ependimomalarda tanımlanan moleküler özellikler prognostik bir faktör olarak önerilmektedir. Ancak dünya genelinde eşit dağılıma sahip olmayan ekonomik koşullar moleküler çalışmaların rutin olarak tüm merkezlerde değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamamaktadır. Bu durum göz önünde bulundurularak çalışmamızda ependimoma ve anaplastik ependimoma olgularımızdaki klinikopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal özelliklerin sağkalım üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza merkezimizde 2010-2020 yılları arasında eksizyon materyallerinden yaş ve cinsiyet ayrımı yapılmaksızın ependimoma, anaplastik ependimoma tanısı alan 64 olgu dahil edildi. Olguların demografik bilgileri, tümör çapı, klinik ve radyolojik bilgileri, sağkalım durumu, nüks varlığı ve son kontrol tarihleri hastane veri tabanından ve patoloji raporlarından elde edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen olgulara ait hematoksilen eozin (H&E) boyalı ve immünohistokimyasal çalışma yapılan lamlar yeniden değerlendirildi. Yapılan istatistiksel analizde nükssüz sağkalımla lokalizasyon ve rezeksiyon durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulundu (p=0,050, Molecular features identified in ependymomas recently, have been suggested as prognostic factors. However, due to economic conditions, molecular studies cannot be routinely evaluated in all centers, worldwide. Considering this, we aimed to investigate the effect of clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features on survival in ependymoma and anaplastic ependymoma cases. 64 patients diagnosed with ependymoma and anaplastic ependymoma between 2010 and 2020 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and radiological information, tumor diameters, presence of recurrence, follow-up dates and survival status of the patients were evaluated. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunostained slides were re-examined. Statistical analyses showed a significant difference between recurrence-free survival rate and localization and resection status (p=0.050

Introductıon: Osseous choristoma is a benign lesion that is characterized by proliferation of mature osseous tissue in an abnormal anatomical location. The lesion, which was first described by Monserrat in 1913 as “lingual osteoma” has been called “osseous choristoma” since 1971. Here, we present a rare case of osseous choristoma located on the tongue and a review of the literature.Case Report: A 26 year-old male patient was referred to the Department of ENT with the complaint of swelling of the tongue. Physical examination showed a nodular, sessile lesion on the base of the tongue and the lesion was removed. Histopathological examination of the material revealed a well-defined, submucosal lesion consisting of mature bone tissue and was reported as “osseous choristoma”.Conclusıon: Osseous choristoma is a benign lesion that occurs mostly in women in their second or third decades of life, although it can be seen in a wide age range. Osseous choristoma may occur in different locations of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region such as the tongue, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, submandibular region, submental region, masseter muscle and palate. This rare entity should be kept in mind because it may be confused with other benign lesions of the tongue like hemangioma, lymphangioma, hamartoma and malignant tumors.

Pediatrik spinal tümörler içerisinde spinal meningiomların görülme sıklığı %4,3 gibi oldukça düşük oran olmasına rağmen metastatik kitlele-ri taklit edebildiğinden ayırıcı tanıda mutlaka akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu olgu sunumunda, travma sonrası başlayan boyun ve sol omuza yayılan ağrı, sol kolunda güçsüzlük şikâyeti olan ve servikal meningiom saptanan 9 yaşında erkek hasta bildirilmiştir. Tedavide altın standart cerrahi rezeksiyondur., Although the incidence of spinal meningiomas among pediatric spinal tumors is quite low, at 4.3%, it should be kept in mind in differential diagnosis as it can mimic metastatic masses. In this case report, a 9-year-old male patient with cervical meningioma with complaints of post-traumatic pain spreading to the neck and left shoulder, weakness in the left arm was reported. The gold standard in treatment is surgical resection.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma that originates from the dermis or subcutaneous tissue in the skin. While its prognosis is generally favorable, disease recurrence is relatively frequent. Because morbidity after repeated surgery may be significant, an optimized prediction of recurrence-free survival (RFS) has the potential to improve current management strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferation index with respect to RFS in patients with DFSP. We retrospectively analyzed data from 45 patients with DFSP. We calculated the Ki-67 proliferation index as the percentage of immunostained nuclei among the total number of tumor cell nuclei regardless of the intensity of immunostaining. We constructed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify predictors of RFS. Among the 45 patients included in the study, 8 developed local recurrences and 2 had lung metastases (median follow-up: 95.0 months; range: 5.2−412.4 months). The RFS rates at 60, 120, and 240 months of follow-up were 83.8%, 76.2%, and 65.3%, respectively. The median Ki-67 proliferation index was 14%. Notably, we identified the Ki-67 proliferation index as the only independent predictor for RFS in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (hazard ratio = 1.106, 95% confidence interval = 1.019−1.200, p = 0.016). In summary, our results highlight the potential usefulness of the Ki-67 proliferation index for facilitating the identification of patients with DFSP at higher risk of developing disease recurrences.

Müsinöz tübüler ve iğsi hücreli karsinoma; oldukça nadir görülen renal epitelyal bir neoplazmdır. Olgu sunumumuzda müsinöz tübüler ve iğsi hücreli karsinoma saptanan olgu sunulmuş ve hastalığın epidemiyolojisi, radyolojik bulguları ve histopatolojik özellikleri ilgili literatür eşliğinde kısaca tartışılmıştır. 43 yaşındaki erkek hasta, sol yan ağrısı şikayeti ile başvurduğu dış merkezde yapılan radyolojik incelemede, sol böbreğinde kitle saptanması üzerine ileri tanı ve tedavi için hastanemiz üroloji polikliniğine yönlendirildi. Yapılan fizik muayene ve tetkikler doğrultusunda renal hücreli karsinoma düşünülen olguya radikal nefrektomi operasyonu planlandı. Materyalden hazırlanan kesitlerin mikroskobik incelemesinde; miksoid stroma içerisinde, eozinofilik sitoplazmalı, iğsi şekilli, düşük gradeli nükleer özellikler gösteren hücrelerin, uzamış veya birbiri ile anastomozlaşan tubul benzeri yapılanmalarından oluşan tümöral lezyon dikkati çekti. Histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal bulgular doğrultusunda olguya müsinöz tübüler ve iğsi hücreli karsinoma tanısı verildi. Tüm renal neoplazilerin %1'den azını oluşturan bu tümörlerin prognozu, diğer epitelyal böbrek tümörlerine kıyasla daha iyidir. Bu nedenle müsinöz tübüler ve iğsi hücreli karsinoma olgularını ayırıcı tanıya girdikleri papiller renal hücreli karsinoma olgularından ayırmak son derece önemlidir.

Amiloidoma, amilodin değişik dokularda özellikle ekstrasellüler alanda lokalize bir kitle oluşturacak şekilde birikimi ile meydana gelen tümöral bir oluşumdur. En sık lokalizasyon mediasten ve retroperiton olup kemik tutulumu oldukça nadirdir. Amiloidoma tanısı histopatolo-jik, immünohistokimyasal ve histokimyasal değerlendirmeye dayanmaktadır. Olgu sunumumuzda patolojik femur kırığı ile başvuran ve kemikte yoğun amiloid birikimi saptanan 70 yaşındaki erkek hasta literatür bilgisi eşliğinde sunulmuştur.

Objective Phyllodes tumors are biphasic tumors consisting of epithelial and stromal components that account for less than 1% of all breast tumors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) phyllodes tumors are classified into three categories as benign, borderline and malignant. It has been reported that these tumors are usually benign and both the stromal component and the epithelial component may progress to malignancy. In this descriptive study, it was aimed to present the cases of phyllodes tumor and to evaluate the clinicopathological features of these tumors in the light of the literature. Materials and methods In our study, 55 cases of phyllodes tumor diagnosed between 2005-2018 in the Department of Medical Pathology were retrospectively studied. A total of 55 cases were included in the study. Results All cases were female with a mean age of 39.7+15.2 years. Fifty-seven tumors diagnosed in 55 cases were classed as benign in 20 cases (35.1%), borderline in 14 cases (24.6%) and malignant phyllodes tumors in 23 cases (40.3%). Ductal carcinoma in situ (solid and cribriform type) were detected in one case with malignant phyllodes tumor, whereas invasive ductal carcinoma was detected in one case. Bilateral ductal carcinoma in situ was present in the patient with invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusion These tumors which rapidly grow into large masses can be clinically and pathologically confused with benign lesions, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of concomitant in situ-invasive carcinomas should be considered. Phyllodes tumors have an important role in breast surgery and pathology.

Purpose Laryngeal neoplasms are almost always epithelial in origin and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumor of the larynx. Non-epithelial tumors make a small subset of laryngeal neoplasms. We present the experience of a single institution to define clinical presentations and outcomes. Materials and methods The pathology archives and clinical records of our center with the diagnosis of laryngeal tumors between the 2005 and 2018 were reviewed. Age, gender, symptoms, location of the tumor, histopathological diagnosis, treatment modality and disease status were discussed. Results 657 patients were diagnosed with laryngeal tumor between 2005 and 2018 and 13 patients with non-epithelial tumors were identified. The majority of the patients were male. The age ranged between 13 and 93 years. The most common tumor localizations were vocal cords and subglottis. Seven patients were diagnosed with malignant tumors and six patients had benign tumors. Chondrosarcoma was the most common malignant mesenchymal tumor. Others were leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and liposarcoma. The most common benign non-epithelial tumors were schwannoma and hemangioma. Plexiform neurofibroma and granular cell tumor were the other benign tumors. Eleven patients underwent excisional biopsy. One patient underwent partial laryngectomy and one had total laryngectomy. Three cases presented with recurrent tumor. Among the recurrent cases, two were malignant tumors. Conclusion Non-epithelial tumors of the larynx are rare and have a wide histological diversity. Immunohistochemical studies are of great importance in the diagnosis of these tumors. Primary mesenchymal tumors of the larynx should be kept in mind in differential diagnosis.

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are primary lung neoplasms thought to originate from neuroendocrine cells, i.e. Kulchitsky cells, in the bronchial mucosa, although the type of cellular origin has not been clearly understood. A 61-year-old male patient underwent surgery and microscopic examination of the specimen revealed an anastomosing trabecular bony structure among the nests of tumor cells with round nucleus, granular chromatin, and large eosinophilic cytoplasm. Our case has been deemed worthy of being presented as bronchial carcinoid tumor with exaggerated osseous metaplasia.

Amiloidoz, sistemik veya lokalize tutulumgösterebilen, amiloid proteinin ekstraselüler matrikste birikimi ile karakterize heterojen bir hastalıkgrubudur. Lokalize amiloidoz, amiloid birikiminin tek bir dokuya sınırlıkalması sonucu gelişen ve lokalize bir kitle oluşturması nedeniyle de klinikolarak maligniteleri taklit edebilen non-neoplastik bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada vezikula seminalis ve duktusdeferens yerleşimli lokalize amiloidoz serimizin sunulması ve bu tümörlerinklinikopatolojik özelliklerinin literatür bilgileri eşliğinde sunulmasıamaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi PatolojiAnabilim Dalı arşivi taranarak 2013–2018 yılları arasında tanı almış vezikulaseminalis ve duktus deferens yerleşimli lokalize amiloidoz olguları incelendi. Sistoprostatektomiprosedürü uygulanan 4 olguda sadece vezikula seminalislerde, prostatektomiprosedürü uygulanan 6 olgunun 5'inde hem vezikula seminalis hem de duktusdeferenslerde ve 1 olguda ise sadece duktus deferenslerde lokalize amiloidozsaptandı. Olguların tamamında subepitelyal yerleşimli, eozinofilik, amorf,homojen madde şeklinde gözlenen birikimlere Kongo red boyaması uygulandı. Kongored histokimyasal boyaması ile bu alanlarda kiremit kırmızısı boyanma saptandıve polarize ışık mikroskobi bakısında elma yeşili refle verdiği tespit edildi. Sonuçolarak, lokalize amiloidoz çok farklı lokalizasyonlarda saptanabilmeklebirlikte vezikula seminalis ve duktus deferens lokalizasyonunda nispetennadirdir. İnsidental saptanmaları nedeniyle biyopsi örneklerideğerlendirilirken amiloid birikimi açısından da olguların değerlendirilmesi vegerekli görülen olgularda Kongo red boyamasının yapılması önem arz etmektedir., Amyloidosis is aheterogeneous group of diseases characterized by accumulation of amyloidprotein in the extracellular matrix, which may be systemic or localized.Localized amyloidosis is a non-neoplastic disease that results from limitedamyloid accumulation to a single tissue, and clinically mimics malignanciesforming a localized mass. In this descriptive study, we aim to report ourseries of localized amyloidosis in the vesicula seminalis and the ductusdeferens as well as clinicopathologic characteristics of these tumors in literaturedata. In this study, we examined the localized amyloidosis cases of thevesicula seminalis and the ductus deferens, diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 by searchingthe archives of Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology. The sites where localizedamyloidosis was detected include only the vesicula seminalis in four cases whounderwent a cystoprostatectomy procedure, both the vesicula seminalis and theductus deferens in five out of six cases with a prostatectomy procedure, andonly the ductus deferens in one case. The deposits in the form ofsubepithelial, eosinophilic, amorphous and homogeneous substance were treatedwith Congo Red staining in all cases. The histochemical treatment with Congo Redyielded tile reddish staining in these areas, making them appear apple-green onthe polarized light microscopy. In conclusion, localized amyloidoses arerelatively rare in the vesicula seminalis and the ductus deferens, althoughthey can be detected at very different locations. Since they are incidentallydetected, it is important to evaluate a case in terms of amyloid deposits whileexamining biopsy specimens, as well as staining with Congo Red when necessary.

Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare chronic breast disease, firstly described by Kessler and Wolloch in 1972. In this article we present a 35-year-old patient with granulomatous lobular mastitis and in situ ductal carcinoma and discuss clinicopathological characteristics of the disease with literature data. A 35-year-old female patient admitted to the outpatient clinic with a complaint of swelling in right breast ongoing since March 2017. On the basis of physical examination and radiological examinations, antibiotic therapy was initiated considering the inflammatory breast disease and the patient was referred to our general surgery clinic because she did not benefit from treatment. On the recommendation of histopathological correlation, trucut biopsy was performed and reported as granulomatous mastitis. In the histopathological examination of the prepared sections, we found lobule-restricted, non-caseous granulomas and neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation in 4 different foci, the largest being 0.7×0.4 cm in diameter, limited to the ductal lobular system. The case was diagnosed as granulomatous lobular mastitis and in situ ductal carcinoma. This lesion, which clinically and radiologically can be confused with carcinoma, rarely coexists with breast carcinoma. Our case demonstrates the coexistence of granulomatous lobular mastitis and in situ ductal carcinoma.

Objective Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare benign chronic breast disease first described by Milward in 1970, and then by Kessler and Wolloch in 1972. In this study, we aimed to present clinicopathologic features of granulomatous lobular mastitis with literature data. Material and method In this study, the archives of Uludag University Medical Faculty Department of Pathology were screened for granulomatous lobular mastitis cases between 2005 and 2017. Results A total of 90 patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 were identified. All of the cases were female. The mean age was 34+8.3 (range 21-60 years). There was sarcoidosis in one case and tuberculosis in another case, but no systemic disease was found in the charts of the other cases. Histopathological evaluation of 90 cases revealed non-necrotizing granulomas involving lobule-restricted, epithelioid histiocytes and Langhans-type multinuclear giant cells. There was no case of necrosis, including our only case with a history of tuberculosis. Conclusion We conclude that our granulomatous lobular mastitis cases have similar characteristics with the series reported earlier, when all features are taken into consideration.

Purpose: In this study we aimed to review urological soft tissue sarcomas of genitourinary tract that were diagnosed in our institution and their prognostic factors for survival. Materials and Methods: The clinical and pathological records of 31 patients who had diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas primarily originating from the genitourinary tract between 2005-2011 were reviewed. Results: The most common site was kidney (17 cases, 54.8%), and most common diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma (11 cases, 35.4%). A total of 24 patients (77.4%) had surgical excision. The surgical margins were positive in 7 patients who presented with local recurrence after primary resection. Twelve patients developed metastatic disease. During follow-up (range 9-70 month), 26 of the 31 patients (88.9%) were alive. Significant survival differences were found according to histological type (p: 0.001), with lower survival rates for malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor size, the presence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis and tumor localization were not statistically significant for overall survival. Conclusions: In our series, prostate sarcomas, paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma had poor prognosis, especially in patients presenting with metastatic disease.

Objective: Fibrous dysplasia is a slowly progressing bone lesion resulting from displacement of the normal medullary bone with abnormal fibroosseous tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the similarities and differences of our cases in relation to published reports. Material and Method: In this study, the archives of the Uludag University Medical Faculty Department of Pathology were screened for fibrous dysplasia cases between 2004 and 2016. Results: Within the mentioned period, there were 36 cases diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia. There were 21 male, and 15 female cases with an average age of 27.8±14.8 years (range 7-79 years). The most frequently affected sites were femur, costae, and craniofacial bones. There was one case localized to metacarpal bone, a very rare affection site. There were 4 polyostotic cases including 2 cases of McCune-Albright syndrome. Pelvic bone was affected in the polyostotic type, similar to published reports. Unlike former reports, however, long tubular bones were affected in male patients in our series. In our series, 32 cases had classical fibrous dysplasia, 3 cases had fibrocartilaginous, and one case had fibroosseous variants. Four cases localized to costae were accompanied by aneurysmal bone cyst. The presenting symptom was pathological fractures in a total of 4 cases, 3 localized to the femur, and 1 to the costa. Recurrence occurred in 5 cases treated with curettage. Two of the monostotic fibrous dysplasia cases developed malignant transformation into osteosarcoma. Conclusion: We conclude that our series of fibrous dysplasia cases have slight differences and mainly similar characteristics with the series reported earlier, when all features are taken into consideration.