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4. Genetically Diverse Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1/H5N8) Viruses among Wild Waterfowl and Domestic Poultry, Japan, 2021

Author

Okuya, Kosuke, Mine, Junki, Tokorozaki, Kaori, Kojima, Isshu, Esaki, Mana, Miyazawa, Kohtaro, Tsunekuni, Ryota, Sakuma, Saki, Kumagai, Asuka, Takadate, Yoshihiro, Kikutani, Yuto, Matsui, Tsutomu, Uchida, Yuko, and Ozawa, Makoto

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Causes of, Epidemics -- Causes of -- Japan, Avian influenza viruses -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects, Waterfowl -- Health aspects, Chickens -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are known to have zoonotic potential (1). Therefore, global surveillance for HPAI virus in in domestic poultry and wild waterfowl is essential for assessing [...]

Published
2022
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5. Phylogenetic and Pathogenic Analysis of H5N1 and H5N6 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Poultry Farms (Layer and Broiler Chickens) in Japan in the 2023/2024 Season.

Author

Nishiura, Hayate, Kumagai, Asuka, Mine, Junki, Takadate, Yoshihiro, Sakuma, Saki, Tsunekuni, Ryota, Uchida, Yuko, and Miyazawa, Kohtaro

Subjects
AVIAN influenza A virus, INFLUENZA A virus, H5N1 subtype, WHOLE genome sequencing, BROILER chickens, PATHOGENIC viruses, POULTRY farms, AVIAN influenza
Abstract

During the 2023–2024 winter, 11 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and H5N6 HPAI viruses were confirmed in Japanese domestic poultry among 10 prefectures (n = 10 and 1, respectively). In this study, we aimed to genetically and pathologically characterize these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H5N1 viruses were classified into the G2d-0 genotype, whereas the H5N6 virus was a novel genotype in Japan, designated as G2c-12. The G2c-12 virus shared PB2, PB1, PA, HA, and M genes with previous G2c viruses, but had NP and NS genes originating from avian influenza viruses in wild birds abroad. The N6 NA gene was derived from an H5N6 HPAI virus that was different from the viruses responsible for the outbreaks in Japan in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Experimental infections in chickens infected with H5N1(G2d-0) and H5N6(G2c-12) HPAI viruses showed no significant differences in the 50% chicken lethal dose, mean death time, or virus shedding from the trachea and cloaca, or in the histopathological findings. Different genotypes of the viruses worldwide, their introduction into the country, and their stable lethality in chickens may have triggered the four consecutive seasons of HPAI outbreaks in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b, Western Siberia, Russia, 2020

Author

Sobolev, Ivan, Sharshov, Kirill, Dubovitskiy, Nikita, Kurskaya, Olga, Alekseev, Alexander, Leonov, Sergey, Yushkov, Yuriy, Irza, Victor, Komissarov, Andrey, Fadeev, Artem, Danilenko, Daria, Mine, Junki, Tsunekuni, Ryota, Uchida, Yuko, Saito, Takehiko, and Shestopalov, Alexander

Subjects
Siberia -- Health aspects, Avian influenza -- Risk factors -- Causes of, Avian influenza viruses -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects -- Distribution, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Two variants of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus were detected in dead poultry in Western Siberia, Russia, during August and September 2020. One variant was represented by viruses of [...]

Published
2021
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7. Avian Influenza Virus and Avian Paramyxoviruses in Wild Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea (2017–2020)

Author

Murashkina, Tatyana, primary, Sharshov, Kirill, additional, Gadzhiev, Alimurad, additional, Petherbridge, Guy, additional, Derko, Anastasiya, additional, Sobolev, Ivan, additional, Dubovitskiy, Nikita, additional, Loginova, Arina, additional, Kurskaya, Olga, additional, Kasianov, Nikita, additional, Kabilov, Marsel, additional, Mine, Junki, additional, Uchida, Yuko, additional, Tsunekuni, Ryota, additional, Saito, Takehiko, additional, Alekseev, Alexander, additional, and Shestopalov, Alexander, additional

Published
2024
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14. Genetics of H5N1 and H5N8 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated in Japan in Winter 2021–2022.

Author

Mine, Junki, Takadate, Yoshihiro, Kumagai, Asuka, Sakuma, Saki, Tsunekuni, Ryota, Miyazawa, Kohtaro, and Uchida, Yuko

Subjects
*AVIAN influenza A virus, *WINTER, *AVIAN influenza, *POULTRY farms, *MIGRATORY birds
Abstract

In winter 2021–2022, H5N1 and H5N8 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (HPAIVs) caused serious outbreaks in Japan: 25 outbreaks of HPAI at poultry farms and 107 cases in wild birds or in the environment. Phylogenetic analyses divided H5 HPAIVs isolated in Japan in the winter of 2021–2022 into three groups—G2a, G2b, and G2d—which were disseminated at different locations and times. Full-genome sequencing analyses of these HPAIVs revealed a strong relationship of multiple genes between Japan and Siberia, suggesting that they arose from reassortment events with avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in Siberia. The results emphasize the complex of dissemination and reassortment events with the movement of migratory birds, and the importance of continual monitoring of AIVs in Japan and Siberia for early alerts to the intrusion of HPAIVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Virological and Genetic Characterization of the Unusual Avian Influenza H14Nx Viruses in the Northern Asia

Author

Dubovitskiy, Nikita, primary, Derko, Anastasiya, additional, Sobolev, Ivan, additional, Prokopyeva, Elena, additional, Murashkina, Tatyana, additional, Solomatina, Maria, additional, Kurskaya, Olga, additional, Komissarov, Andrey, additional, Fadeev, Artem, additional, Danilenko, Daria, additional, Petrova, Polina, additional, Mine, Junki, additional, Tsunekuni, Ryota, additional, Uchida, Yuko, additional, Saito, Takehiko, additional, Shestopalov, Alexander, additional, and Sharshov, Kirill, additional

Published
2023
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19. Genetics of Japanese H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated in winter 2020–2021 and their genetic relationship with avian influenza viruses in Siberia

Author

Mine, Junki, primary, Tsunekuni, Ryota, additional, Tanikawa, Taichiro, additional, Uchida, Yuko, additional, Dubovitskiy, Nikita, additional, Derko, Anastasiya, additional, Sobolev, Ivan, additional, Shestopalov, Alexander, additional, Sharshov, Kirill, additional, and Saito, Takehiko, additional

Published
2022
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22. Genetically Diverse Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1/H5N8) Viruses among Wild Waterfowl and Domestic Poultry, Japan, 2021.

Author

Kosuke Okuya, Junki Mine, Kaori Tokorozaki, Isshu Kojima, Mana Esaki, Kohtaro Miyazawa, Ryota Tsunekuni, Saki Sakuma, Asuka Kumagai, Yoshihiro Takadate, Yuto Kikutani, Tsutomu Matsui, Yuko Uchida, Makoto Ozawa, Okuya, Kosuke, Mine, Junki, Tokorozaki, Kaori, Kojima, Isshu, Esaki, Mana, and Miyazawa, Kohtaro

Subjects
AVIAN influenza epidemiology, BIRDS, ANIMAL populations, INFLUENZA A virus, POULTRY, BIOLOGICAL evolution, INFLUENZA, INFLUENZA A virus, H5N1 subtype, ANIMALS
Abstract

Genetic analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype viruses isolated from the Izumi Plain, Japan, revealed cocirculation of 2 genetic groups of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses among migratory waterfowl. Our findings demonstrate that both continuous surveillance and timely information sharing of avian influenza viruses are valuable for rapid risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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24. A novel H7N3 reassortant originating from the zoonotic H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that has adapted to ducks

Author

Nakayama, Momoko, primary, Uchida, Yuko, additional, Shibata, Akihiro, additional, Kobayashi, Yoshifumi, additional, Mine, Junki, additional, Takemae, Nobuhiro, additional, Tsunekuni, Ryota, additional, Tanikawa, Taichiro, additional, Harada, Rieko, additional, Osaka, Hiroyuki, additional, and Saito, Takehiko, additional

Published
2019
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25. Isolation of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus in Southern Vietnam with genetic similarity to those infecting humans in China

Author

Tsunekuni, Ryota, primary, Sudo, Kasumi, additional, Nguyen, Phuong Thanh, additional, Luu, Bach Duc, additional, Phuong, Thai Duy, additional, Tan, Tran Minh, additional, Nguyen, Tung, additional, Mine, Junki, additional, Nakayama, Momoko, additional, Tanikawa, Taichiro, additional, Sharshov, Kirill, additional, Takemae, Nobuhiro, additional, and Saito, Takehiko, additional

Published
2019
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27. First detection of a G1-like H9N2 virus in Russia, 2018

Author

Sharshov, Kirill, primary, Kurskaya, Olga, additional, Sobolev, Ivan, additional, Leonov, Sergey, additional, Kabilov, Marsel, additional, Tatyana, Alikina, additional, Alekseev, Alexander, additional, Derko, Anastasiya, additional, Yushkov, Yuriy, additional, Saito, Takehiko, additional, Uchida, Yuko, additional, Mine, Junki, additional, Irza, Victor, additional, and Shestopalov, Alexander, additional

Published
2019
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32. Genetic and antigenic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated from cattle in Hokkaido, Japan

Author

Abe, Yuri, Tamura, Tomokazu, Torii, Shiho, Wakamori, Shiho, Nagai, Makoto, Mitsuhashi, Kazuya, Mine, Junki, Fujimoto, Yuri, Nagashima, Naofumi, Yoshino, Fumi, Sugita, Yukihiko, Nomura, Takushi, Okamatsu, Masatoshi, Kida, Hiroshi, Sakoda, Yoshihiro, Abe, Yuri, Tamura, Tomokazu, Torii, Shiho, Wakamori, Shiho, Nagai, Makoto, Mitsuhashi, Kazuya, Mine, Junki, Fujimoto, Yuri, Nagashima, Naofumi, Yoshino, Fumi, Sugita, Yukihiko, Nomura, Takushi, Okamatsu, Masatoshi, Kida, Hiroshi, and Sakoda, Yoshihiro

Abstract

In our previous study, we genetically analyzed bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) isolated from 2000 to 2006 in Japan and reported that subgenotype 1b viruses were predominant. In the present study, 766 BVDVs isolated from 2006 to 2014 in Hokkaido, Japan, were genetically analyzed to understand recent epidemics. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of the 5′-untranslated region of viral genome revealed that 766 isolates were classified as genotype 1 (BVDV-1; 544 isolates) and genotype 2 (BVDV-2; 222). BVDV-1 isolates were further divided into BVDV-1a (93), 1b (371) and 1c (80) subgenotypes, and all BVDV-2 isolates were grouped into BVDV-2a subgenotype (222). Further comparative analysis was performed with BVDV-1a, 1b and 2a viruses isolated from 2001 to 2014. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of the viral glycoprotein E2 gene, a major target of neutralizing antibodies, revealed that BVDV-1a, 1b and 2a isolates were further classified into several clusters. Cross-neutralization tests showed that BVDV-1b isolates were antigenically different from BVDV-1a isolates, and almost BVDV-1a, 1b and 2a isolates were antigenically similar among each subgenotype and each E2 cluster. Taken together, BVDV-1b viruses are still predominant, and BVDV-2a viruses have increased recently in Hokkaido, Japan. Field isolates of BVDV-1a, 1b and 2a show genetic diversity on the E2 gene with antigenic conservation among each subgenotype during the last 14 years.

Published
2016

33. Genetic and antigenic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated from cattle in Hokkaido, Japan

Author

ABE, Yuri, primary, TAMURA, Tomokazu, additional, TORII, Shiho, additional, WAKAMORI, Shiho, additional, NAGAI, Makoto, additional, MITSUHASHI, Kazuya, additional, MINE, Junki, additional, FUJIMOTO, Yuri, additional, NAGASHIMA, Naofumi, additional, YOSHINO, Fumi, additional, SUGITA, Yukihiko, additional, NOMURA, Takushi, additional, OKAMATSU, Masatoshi, additional, KIDA, Hiroshi, additional, and SAKODA, Yoshihiro, additional

Published
2016
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34. Pathogenicity of border disease virus FNK2012-1 strain isolated from a pig in the natural host, sheep

Author

Tamura, Tomokazu, Mine, Junki, Torii, Shiho, Fujimoto, Yuri, 1000000507163, Okamatsu, Masatoshi, 1000040333637, Sakoda, Yoshihiro, Tamura, Tomokazu, Mine, Junki, Torii, Shiho, Fujimoto, Yuri, 1000000507163, Okamatsu, Masatoshi, 1000040333637, and Sakoda, Yoshihiro

Abstract

A first isolation of border disease virus (BDV) in Japan was from a pig on a farm without keeping any ruminants. Our previous study showed that this BDV, termed the FNK2012-1 strain, replicated inefficiently in swine-derived cells compared with those of ruminant origin. Pigs inoculated with this virus showed neither clinical symptoms nor viremia. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of the FNK2012-1 strain in sheep, its natural host. The inoculated sheep showed clinical symptoms and transient viremia. Seroconversion was observed in the inoculated sheep. These results suggest that the FNK2012-1 strain was introduced from sheep and has not yet adapted to swine. Therefore, surveillance of border disease in Japan is necessary among both the swine and ruminant populations.

Published
2015

35. Intracellular membrane association of the N-terminal domain of classical swine fever virus NS4B determines viral genome replication and virulence

Author

Tamura, Tomokazu, Ruggli, Nicolas, Nagashima, Naofumi, 1000000507163, Okamatsu, Masatoshi, 1000010374240, Igarashi, Manabu, Mine, Junki, Hofmann, Martin A., Liniger, Matthias, Summerfield, Artur, 1000010109506, Kida, Hiroshi, 1000040333637, Sakoda, Yoshihiro, Tamura, Tomokazu, Ruggli, Nicolas, Nagashima, Naofumi, 1000000507163, Okamatsu, Masatoshi, 1000010374240, Igarashi, Manabu, Mine, Junki, Hofmann, Martin A., Liniger, Matthias, Summerfield, Artur, 1000010109506, Kida, Hiroshi, 1000040333637, and Sakoda, Yoshihiro

Abstract

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a highly contagious disease in pigs that can range from a severe haemorrhagic fever to a nearly unapparent disease, depending on the virulence of the virus strain. Little is known about the viral molecular determinants of CSFV virulence. The nonstructural protein NS4B is essential for viral replication. However, the roles of CSFV NS4B in viral genome replication and pathogenesis have not yet been elucidated. NS4B of the GPE(-) vaccine strain and of the highly virulent Eystrup strain differ by a total of seven amino acid residues, two of which are located in the predicted trans-membrane domains of NS4B and were described previously to relate to virulence, and five residues clustering in the N-terminal part. In the present study, we examined the potential role of these five amino acids in modulating genome replication and determining pathogenicity in pigs. A chimeric low virulent GPE(-)-derived virus carrying the complete Eystrup NS4B showed enhanced pathogenicity in pigs. The in vitro replication efficiency of the NS4B chimeric GPE- replicon was significantly higher than that of the replicon carrying only the two Eystrup-specific amino acids in NS4B. In silico and in vitro data suggest that the N-terminal part of NS4B forms an amphipathic a-helix structure. The N-terminal NS4B with these five amino acid residues is associated with the intracellular membranes. Taken together, this is the first gain-of-function study showing that the N-terminal domain of NS4B can determine CSFV genome replication in cell culture and viral pathogenicity in pigs.

Published
2015

36. Intracellular membrane association of the N-terminal domain of classical swine fever virus NS4B determines viral genome replication and virulence

Author

Tamura, Tomokazu, primary, Ruggli, Nicolas, additional, Nagashima, Naofumi, additional, Okamatsu, Masatoshi, additional, Igarashi, Manabu, additional, Mine, Junki, additional, Hofmann, Martin A., additional, Liniger, Matthias, additional, Summerfield, Artur, additional, Kida, Hiroshi, additional, and Sakoda, Yoshihiro, additional

Published
2015
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39. Molecular, biological, and antigenic characterization of a Border disease virus isolated from a pig during classical swine fever surveillance in Japan

Author

Nagai, Makoto, primary, Aoki, Hiroshi, additional, Sakoda, Yoshihiro, additional, Kozasa, Takashi, additional, Tominaga-Teshima, Kaho, additional, Mine, Junki, additional, Abe, Yuri, additional, Tamura, Tomokazu, additional, Kobayashi, Tsubasa, additional, Nishine, Kaoru, additional, Tateishi, Kentaro, additional, Suzuki, Yudai, additional, Fukuhara, Mai, additional, Ohmori, Keitaro, additional, Todaka, Reiko, additional, Katayama, Kazuhiko, additional, Mizutani, Tetsuya, additional, Nakamura, Shigeyuki, additional, Kida, Hiroshi, additional, and Shirai, Junsuke, additional

Published
2014
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40. Molecular, biological, and antigenic characterization of a Border disease virusisolated from a pig during classical swine fever surveillance in Japan

Author

Nagai, Makoto, Aoki, Hiroshi, Sakoda, Yoshihiro, Kozasa, Takashi, Tominaga-Teshima, Kaho, Mine, Junki, Abe, Yuri, Tamura, Tomokazu, Kobayashi, Tsubasa, Nishine, Kaoru, Tateishi, Kentaro, Suzuki, Yudai, Fukuhara, Mai, Ohmori, Keitaro, Todaka, Reiko, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Mizutani, Tetsuya, Nakamura, Shigeyuki, Kida, Hiroshi, and Shirai, Junsuke

Abstract

In the current study, molecular, biological, and antigenic analyses were performed to characterize Border disease virus(BDV) strain FNK2012-1 isolated from a pig in 2012 in Japan. The complete genome comprises 12,327 nucleotides (nt), including a large open reading frame of 11,685 nt. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FNK2012-1 was clustered into BDV genotype 1 with ovine strains. FNK2012-1 grew in porcine, bovine, and ovine primary cells and cell lines, but grew better in bovine and ovine cells than in porcine cells. Specific pathogen–free pigs inoculated with FNK2012-1 did not show any clinical signs. Noninoculated contact control pigs also did not show clinical signs and did not seroconvert. The results suggest that FNK2012-1 may be of ruminant origin and is poorly adapted to pigs. Such observations can provide important insights into evidence for infection and transmission of BDV, which may be of ruminant origin, among pigs.

Published
2014
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41. Characterization and Phylodynamics of Reassortant H12Nx Viruses in Northern Eurasia.

Author

Sharshov, Kirill, Mine, Junki, Sobolev, Ivan, Kurskaya, Olga, Dubovitskiy, Nikita, Kabilov, Marsel, Alikina, Tatiana, Nakayama, Momoko, Tsunekuni, Ryota, Derko, Anastasiya, Prokopyeva, Elena, Alekseev, Alexander, Shchelkanov, Michael, Druzyaka, Alexey, Gadzhiev, Alimurad, Uchida, Yuko, Shestopalov, Alexander, and Saito, Takehiko

Subjects
AVIAN influenza, AVIAN influenza A virus, WATER birds, MIGRATION flyways, VIRUSES, BIRDS
Abstract

Wild waterfowl birds are known to be the main reservoir for a variety of avian influenza viruses of different subtypes. Some subtypes, such as H2Nx, H8Nx, H12Nx, and H14Nx, occur relatively rarely in nature. During 10-year long-term surveillance, we isolated five rare H12N5 and one H12N2 viruses in three different distinct geographic regions of Northern Eurasia and studied their characteristics. H12N2 from the Far East region was a double reassortant containing hemagglutinin (HA), non-structural (NS) and nucleoprotein (NP) segments of the American lineage and others from the classical Eurasian avian-like lineage. H12N5 viruses contain Eurasian lineage segments. We suggest a phylogeographical scheme for reassortment events associated with geographical groups of aquatic birds and their migration flyways. The H12N2 virus is of particular interest as this subtype has been found in common teal in the Russian Far East region, and it has a strong relation to North American avian influenza virus lineages, clearly showing that viral exchange of segments between the two continents does occur. Our results emphasize the importance of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) surveillance in Northern Eurasia for the annual screening of virus characteristics, including the genetic constellation of rare virus subtypes, to understand the evolutionary ecology of AIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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42. Antiviral Susceptibilities of Avian Influenza A(H5), A(H7), and A(H9) Viruses Isolated in Japan.

Author

Takashita E, Morita H, Nagata S, Shirakura M, Fujisaki S, Miura H, Takayama I, Arita T, Suzuki Y, Yamaoka M, Tanikawa T, Tsunekuni R, Mine J, Sakuma S, Uchida Y, Shibata A, Iwanaka M, Kishida N, Nakamura K, Kageyama T, Watanabe S, and Hasegawa H

Subjects
Animals, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype drug effects, Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype drug effects, Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype drug effects, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype drug effects, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype drug effects, Japan epidemiology, Neuraminidase genetics, Neuraminidase metabolism, Oseltamivir pharmacology, Oseltamivir therapeutic use, Poultry, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, Influenza in Birds epidemiology, Influenza in Birds virology, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human virology
Abstract

The circulation of avian influenza A viruses in poultry is a public health concern due to the potential transmissibility and severity of these viral infections. Monitoring the susceptibility of these viruses to antivirals is important for developing measures to strengthen the level of preparedness against influenza pandemics. However, drug susceptibility information on these viruses is limited. Here, we determined the susceptibilities of avian influenza A(H5N1), A(H5N2), A(H5N8), A(H7N7), A(H7N9), A(H9N1), and A(H9N2) viruses isolated in Japan to the antivirals approved for use there: an M2 inhibitor (amantadine), neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, and laninamivir) and RNA polymerase inhibitors (baloxavir and favipiravir). Genotypic methods that detect amino acid substitutions associated with antiviral resistance and phenotypic methods that assess phenotypic viral susceptibility to drugs have revealed that these avian influenza A viruses are susceptible to neuraminidase and RNA polymerase inhibitors. These results suggest that neuraminidase and RNA polymerase inhibitors currently approved in Japan could be a treatment option against influenza A virus infections in humans.

Published
2022
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