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1. Sustained growth of sulfur hexafluoride emissions in China inferred from atmospheric observations

Author

Minde An, Ronald G. Prinn, Luke M. Western, Xingchen Zhao, Bo Yao, Jianxin Hu, Anita L. Ganesan, Jens Mühle, Ray F. Weiss, Paul B. Krummel, Simon O’Doherty, Dickon Young, and Matthew Rigby

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a potent greenhouse gas. Here we use long-term atmospheric observations to determine SF6 emissions from China between 2011 and 2021, which are used to evaluate the Chinese national SF6 emission inventory and to better understand the global SF6 budget. SF6 emissions in China substantially increased from 2.6 (2.3-2.7, 68% uncertainty) Gg yr−1 in 2011 to 5.1 (4.8-5.4) Gg yr−1 in 2021. The increase from China is larger than the global total emissions rise, implying that it has offset falling emissions from other countries. Emissions in the less-populated western regions of China, which have potentially not been well quantified in previous measurement-based estimates, contribute significantly to the national SF6 emissions, likely due to substantial power generation and transmission in that area. The CO2-eq emissions of SF6 in China in 2021 were 125 (117-132) million tonnes (Mt), comparable to the national total CO2 emissions of several countries such as the Netherlands or Nigeria. The increasing SF6 emissions offset some of the CO2 reductions achieved through transitioning to renewable energy in the power industry, and might hinder progress towards achieving China’s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060 if no concrete control measures are implemented.

Published
2024
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2. CFC‐12 Emissions in China Inferred From Observation and Inverse Modeling

Author

Mengyue Ma, Xiaoyi Hu, Bo Yao, Bowei Li, Minde An, and Xuekun Fang

Subjects
ozone‐depleting substance, potent greenhouse gas, emission, observation, inverse modeling, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Abstract Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC‐12) is an ozone‐depleting substance and potent greenhouse gas, which was required to be phased out after 2010 under the Montreal Protocol. CFC‐12 emissions need to be quantitatively traced. However, estimates of CFC‐12 emissions in China based on atmospheric inversions are unavailable after 2010. Here, using atmospheric observations at nine sites across China and inversion techniques, we quantify CFC‐12 emissions in China during 2011–2020 (on average 11.0 ± 0.6 Gg yr−1). The emissions derived from observations are 8.5 times larger than the previously reported inventories. Apart from emissions from eastern China revealed in previous studies, this study reveals that 71% of national total emissions were from other parts of China. Moreover, this study reconciled the global CFC‐12 emissions during 2011–2020: 28% were traced to China by this study, 9% of emissions were traced in previous studies, while 63% remain untraced, indicating the need for more regional emission inversion studies.

Published
2024
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3. Rapid increase in dichloromethane emissions from China inferred through atmospheric observations

Author

Minde An, Luke M. Western, Daniel Say, Liqu Chen, Tom Claxton, Anita L. Ganesan, Ryan Hossaini, Paul B. Krummel, Alistair J. Manning, Jens Mühle, Simon O’Doherty, Ronald G. Prinn, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Jianxin Hu, Bo Yao, and Matthew Rigby

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) is an unregulated ozone depleting substance whose emissions have strongly increased in recent years. Here, the authors show that rising emissions of dichloromethane in China between 2011 and 2019 can explain much of this global increase.

Published
2021
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9. Microstructural Investigations on Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750 Fabricated by Blown-Powder Directed Laser Deposition

Author

Sayyar, Navid, Hansen, Vidar, Tucho, Wakshum Mekonnen, Minde, Mona Wetrhus, Correia, José A. F. O., Series Editor, De Jesus, Abílio M. P., Series Editor, Ayatollahi, Majid Reza, Advisory Editor, Berto, Filippo, Advisory Editor, Fernández-Canteli, Alfonso, Advisory Editor, Hebdon, Matthew, Advisory Editor, Kotousov, Andrei, Advisory Editor, Lesiuk, Grzegorz, Advisory Editor, Murakami, Yukitaka, Advisory Editor, Carvalho, Hermes, Advisory Editor, Zhu, Shun-Peng, Advisory Editor, Bordas, Stéphane, Advisory Editor, Fantuzzi, Nicholas, Advisory Editor, Susmel, Luca, Advisory Editor, Dutta, Subhrajit, Advisory Editor, Maruschak, Pavlo, Advisory Editor, Fedorova, Elena, Advisory Editor, Pavlou, Dimitrios, editor, Correia, Jose A.F.O., editor, Fazeres-Ferradosa, Tiago, editor, Gudmestad, Ove Tobias, editor, Siriwardane, Sudath C., editor, Lemu, Hirpa, editor, Ersdal, Gerhard, editor, Liyanage, Jayantha P., editor, Hansen, Vidar, editor, Minde, Mona Wetrhus, editor, Ratnayake, Chandima, editor, Delimitis, Andreas, editor, El-Thalji, Idriss, editor, Adasooriya, Nirosha, editor, Samarakoon, Samindi, editor, and Hemmingsen, Tor, editor

Published
2024
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13. Exploring Plastic Waste as a Viable Aggregate Alternative for Structural Concrete in the Indian Context

Author

Minde, Pravin, Shinde, Avdhoot, Motiwala, Saifuddin, Patil, Ruturaj, Patil, Vishwajeet, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Kolathayar, Sreevalsa, editor, Sreekeshava, K. S., editor, and Vinod Chandra Menon, N., editor

Published
2024
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14. Enhancing UAV Capabilities for Environmental Research and Rescue Missions Through Autonomous Control and Sensor Integration

Author

Sheikh, Raahil, Gujjar, Priya, Minde, Prathamesh, Dwivedi, Himanshu, Dabas, Arjun, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Singh, Sanjay, editor, Ramulu, Perumalla Janaki, editor, and Gautam, Sachin Singh, editor

Published
2024
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22. Patient-reported outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients treated with secukinumab for 24 months in daily clinical practice

Author

Christiansen, Sara Nysom, Horskjær Rasmussen, Simon, Pons, Marion, Michelsen, Brigitte, Glintborg, Bente, Gudbjornsson, Bjorn, Grondal, Gerdur, Vencovsky, Jiri, Loft, Anne Gitte, Rotar, Ziga, Pirkmajer, Katja Perdan, Nissen, Michael J., Baranová, Jana, Macfarlane, Gary J., Jones, Gareth T., Iannone, Florenzo, Caporali, Roberto, Laas, Karin, Vorobjov, Sigrid, Giuseppe, Daniela Di, Olofsson, Tor, Provan, Sella Aarrestad, Fagerli, Karen Minde, Castrejon, Isabel, Otero-Varela, Lucia, van de Sande, Marleen, van der Horst-Bruinsma, Irene, Nordström, Dan, Kuusalo, Laura, Bernardes, Miguel, Hetland, Merete Lund, Østergaard, Mikkel, and Midtbøll Ørnbjerg, Lykke

Published
2024
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28. Rapid increase in dichloromethane emissions from China inferred through atmospheric observations

Author

An, Minde, Western, Luke M, Say, Daniel, Chen, Liqu, Claxton, Tom, Ganesan, Anita L, Hossaini, Ryan, Krummel, Paul B, Manning, Alistair J, Mühle, Jens, O’Doherty, Simon, Prinn, Ronald G, Weiss, Ray F, Young, Dickon, Hu, Jianxin, Yao, Bo, and Rigby, Matthew

Subjects
Climate Action
Abstract

With the successful implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the atmospheric abundance of ozone-depleting substances continues to decrease slowly and the Antarctic ozone hole is showing signs of recovery. However, growing emissions of unregulated short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons are offsetting some of these gains. Here, we report an increase in emissions from China of the industrially produced chlorocarbon, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The emissions grew from 231 (213-245) Gg yr-1 in 2011 to 628 (599-658) Gg yr-1 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 13 (12-15) %, primarily from eastern China. The overall increase in CH2Cl2 emissions from China has the same magnitude as the global emission rise of 354 (281-427) Gg yr-1 over the same period. If global CH2Cl2 emissions remain at 2019 levels, they could lead to a delay in Antarctic ozone recovery of around 5 years compared to a scenario with no CH2Cl2 emissions.

Published
2021

41. PLK1 inhibition dampens NLRP3 inflammasome-elicited response in inflammatory disease models

Author

Baldrighi, Marta, Doreth, Christian, Li, Yang, Zhao, Xiaohui, Warner, Emily, Chenoweth, Hannah, Kishore, Kamal, Umrania, Yagnesh, Minde, David-Paul, Thome, Sarah, Yu, Xian, Lu, Yuning, Knapton, Alice, Harrison, James, Clarke, Murray, Latz, Eicke, Career, Guillermo de, Malumbres, Marcos, Ryffel, Bernhard, Bryant, Clare, Liu, Jinping, Lilley, Kathryn S., Mallat, Ziad, and Li, Xuan

Subjects
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Biotin, B cells, Health care industry, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust
Abstract

Unabated activation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is linked with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) has been widely studied for its role in mitosis. Here, using both pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that PLK1 promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation at cell interphase. Using an unbiased proximity-dependent biotin identification (Bio-ID) screen for the PLK1 interactome in macrophages, we show an enhanced proximal association of NLRP3 with PLK1 upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We further confirmed the interaction between PLK1 and NLRP3 and identified the interacting domains. Mechanistically, we show that PLK1 orchestrated the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) structure and NLRP3 subcellular positioning upon inflammasome activation. Treatment with a selective PLK1 kinase inhibitor suppressed IL-1[beta] production in in vivo inflammatory models, including LPS-induced endotoxemia and monosodium urate-induced peritonitis in mice. Our results uncover a role of PLK1 in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation during interphase and identify pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases with excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation., Introduction NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is tightly coordinated by collaborative action of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and its excessive activation is associated with various diseases including [...]

Published
2023
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