Search

The subject of the study is modern features of international economic human rights in the context of military aggression. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of induction and deduction, the dialectical-materialistic method, the method of analysis and synthesis, the historical method, which made it possible to objectively understand the content and essence of the studied issues. The aim of the purpose of the work is to identify the origin, give the necessary classification of international economic rights and demonstrate, using the example of Ukraine, the mechanisms of their guarantee and protection in the conditions of military aggression. The results of the study have shown that in modern conditions of military aggression, there is an effective mechanism for ensuring economic human rights, which in particular is provided by means of "hard" and "soft" international law. Conclusion. Economic rights are closely related not only to social rights, but also to human rights belonging to other categories, which, in particular, allows us to conclude that it is impossible to unambiguously assign existing rights to only one of the internationally recognized groups and makes it meaningless to classify human rights according to this criterion (sphere of life). Summing up the analysis of the role of acts of "soft" international law in regulating cooperation between States to prevent and overcome financial and economic crises during war and full-scale military aggression, which directly affect the economic rights of citizens, it should be noted that such acts, first of all, contribute to the formation of a uniform conceptual apparatus in the field under consideration, partially entrenched in legally binding documents. In addition, advisory acts, as the basis for regulating relations to prevent and overcome financial and economic crises caused by military aggression and affecting the economic rights of citizens, are presented to a greater extent at the universal level, where contractual agreement of the will is not always achievable due to the difference in the economic interests of States. Given the general recognition, time of existence and practical applicability of the provisions of certain advisory acts on maintaining financial and economic stability, it makes sense to raise the question of considering them as international customs, sources of international law that contribute to maintaining guarantees of economic human rights in conditions of military aggression.

The article is devoted to the study of the experience of young Russians in media volunteering, with the objective of identifying the potential of this type of prosocial activity and determining the conditions for its expansion among youth. The analysis of scientific literature and the results of a sociological survey of youth in the Sverdlovsk region aged 14 to 35 years enabled us to identify the factors and characteristics that facilitate the activation of the subjectivity of the youth in media volunteer initiatives. It was found that in order to increase the manageability of digital volunteering among youth, potential media volunteers must understand the value of their activities in the media. It is necessary to expand interaction not only between the organizers of volunteer activities and volunteers, but also between volunteers and beneficiaries. This condition is also connected with the need to broadcast in the public space both the initiatives themselves and the qualitative changes in the lives of beneficiaries that have occurred thanks to the help of media volunteers. The next important element is the choice of communication channel with potential volunteers. Social networks and online platforms are the most convenient and easy to use for both the organizers and the volunteers themselves. It has been demonstrated that if modern youth possess fundamental digital literacy skills, the primary motivation for participation in media volunteer initiatives among young Ural residents is the prospect of acquiring new knowledge and skills for their professional development. The study indicated that for the effective management of this type of volunteering, a supportive digital environment, which is currently being established in our country through the implementation of federal digital platforms, is crucial. Young Russians are well acquainted with both the "Dobro.RF" online platform and the online portal "We decide to". The results obtained can be used by organizers of social projects in the non-profit sector to improve the efficiency of recruiting young volunteers and expand their functionality.

Objective. Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and peptide hormones including insulin. It also promotes cell proliferation, survival, and invasion of tumor cells. The endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and nutrient supply are significant factors of malignant tumor growth including glioblastoma. There are data indicating that the knockdown of the endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1) suppressed glioblastoma cell proliferation and increased invasiveness of these cells. The present study aims to investigate the regulation of the CPE gene in U87MG glioblastoma cells by ERN1 knockdown, hypoxia, and glucose or glutamine deprivations with the intent to reveal the role of ERN1 signaling in the regulation of this gene expression and function in tumorigenesis.

Objective. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) plays a multifunctional role in mitochondria (folate-dependent tRNA methylation, translation, and thymidylate synthesis). The endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and glucose and glutamine supply are significant factors of malignant tumor growth including glioblastoma. Previous studies have shown that the knockdown of the endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1) pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress strongly suppressed glioblastoma cell proliferation and modified the sensitivity of these cells to hypoxia and glucose or glutamine deprivations. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of the SHMT2 gene in U87MG glioblastoma cells by ERN1 knockdown, hypoxia, and glucose or glutamine deprivations with the intent to reveal the role of ERN1 signaling in sensitivity of this gene expression to hypoxia and nutrient supply.

Objective. Glucose and glutamine supply as well as serine synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are important factors of glioblastoma growth. Previous studies showed that the knockdown of ERN1 (ER to nucleus signaling 1) suppressed glioblastoma cell proliferation and modified the sensitivity of numerous gene expressions to nutrient deprivations. The present study is aimed to investigate the impact of glucose and glutamine deprivations on the expression of serine synthesis genes in U87MG glioblastoma cells in relation to ERN1 knockdown with the intent to reveal the role of ERN1 signaling pathway on the ER stress-dependent regulation of these gene expressions. Clarification of the regulatory mechanisms of serine synthesis is a great significance for glioblastoma therapy.

Homeobox genes play an important role in health and disease including oncogenesis. The present investigation aimed to study ERN1-dependent hypoxic regulation of the expression of genes encoding homeobox proteins MEIS (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2) and LIM homeobox 1 family, SPAG4 (sperm associated antigen 4) and NKX3-1 (NK3 homeobox 1) in U87MG glioblastoma cells in response to inhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) for evaluation of their possible significance in the control of glioblastoma growth.

Objective. Glucocorticoids are important stress-responsive regulators of insulin-dependent metabolic processes realized through specific changes in genome function. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cortisol on insulin receptor and related genes expression in HEK293 cells upon induction the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by tunicamycin and hypoxia.

The possibility of using Si-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries is actively investigated due to the increased lithium capacity of silicon. The paper reports the preparation of submicron silicon fibers on glassy carbon in the KI–KF–KCl–K2SiF6 melt at 720 °C. For this purpose, the parameters of silicon electrodeposition in the form of fibers were determined using cyclic voltammetry, and experimental samples of ordered silicon fibers with an average diameter from 0.1 to 0.3 μm were obtained under galvanostatic electrolysis conditions. Using the obtained silicon fibers, anode half-cells of a lithium-ion battery were fabricated, and its electrochemical performance under multiple lithiations and delithiations was studied. By means of voltametric studies, it is observed that charging and discharging the anode based on the obtained silicon fibers occurs at potentials from 0.2 to 0.05 V and from 0.2 to 0.5 V, respectively. A change in discharge capacity from 520 to 200 mAh g−1 during the first 50 charge/discharge cycles at a charge current of 0.1 C and a Coulombic efficiency of 98–100% was shown. The possibility of charging silicon-based anode samples at charging currents up to 2 C was also noted; the discharge capacity ranged from 25 to 250 mAh g−1.

Biomedical technology is one of the most relevant and rapidly developing branches of science. In response to the major problems of bioethics and bio-law, bioethical dilemmas emerge in society, which constrain the abuse of new technologies. Medical discoveries, on the one hand, can greatly facilitate the life of humankind, but, on the other hand, the problem of interference in human nature actualizes the most fundamental questions concerning its ontology, the boundaries of permissible transformations, the responsibility of a scientist and a specialist, applying the latest technologies, for remote and unpredictable consequences, due to the integrity and interconnectedness of various aspects of human nature. This paper presents the experience of generalizing the attitude of the main Islamic confessions and different approaches in the legislation of Islamic countries to the problem of editing the human embryo genome. Based on a review of scientific and religious literature, it is concluded that, although the Islamic world is increasingly using Western models of behavior, in matters of the permissibility of editing the human embryo genome from the point of view of Islamic bioethics, it is necessary to rely on the principles of Sharia and multidisciplinary knowledge.

The research is devoted to the study of youth motivation for volunteer activities. The theoretical basis of the presented study is the concept of youth’s self-regulation. According to its provisions, the motivation of volunteer activity can be considered as an indicator of socio-cultural self-regulation and social adaptation of young volunteers in those situations when certain volunteering practices are considered by them as part of their world. The article analyzes the results of a sociological survey of young students of the Sverdlovsk region aged 14 to 24 (N – 996, quota sample, 2022). The study revealed that the motivation for the volunteer activity of the student youth of the Sverdlovsk region reflects the trends for concretization in the youth consciousness of volunteer efforts and the importance of understanding the possibility to get applicable results both for society and for themselves, аs well as the preference for voluntary practices of constructive civic behavior that enable young people to fulfill their potential. Altruistic motivation and self-confidence motivate high school volunteers. The motivation of students volunteering over the past two years has become more pragmatic and is associated with building social networks and expanding employment opportunities, while studying at a university – with the need to pursue a professional or socio-political career. According to the poll results, it is proved that the internal motivation for volunteering activity as a reflection of the interiorization of values of volunteering and the acceptance of this activity is not formed by the external environment, where youth volunteer projects are organized by the school, youth organizations, and depends on the regularity of volunteer participation of youth and the consequence of this involvement, volunteer self-identification. Certain evidence of young people’s adaptation to the conditions of volunteering popularization and its acceptance is the practice in which they acquire, as volunteers, the experience of related online activities. It is these practices are matched with the demands of society and the inner motivation of volunteering determine the willingness of youth to continue this activity.

The article builds on the well-developed problem of studying trust in society towards social institutions, as well as between individuals. Currently, contact quantitative sociology faces a number of challenges, and the level of consent to participate in surveys is steadily falling. In order to reliably assess public opinion, non-contact tools for studying the digital environment are already required. The application of non-survey techniques for collecting big data using a pre-formed thesaurus allows us to select data for analysis and circumvent the problems associated with respondent recruitment. The application of SML approach to analyze digital publications of Russian-speaking users from Novosibirsk (more than 450 thousand publications) collected in 2020 has been considered. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods allowed us to describe the audience and categorize the areas of public distrust and dissatisfaction. The application of this approach can be useful for managerial tasks aimed at increasing trust in society. Thus, the study is a valuable contribution to the development of modern sociology and its applied aspects.

Hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress are critical factors affecting tumor growth. Inhibition of ERN1 protein has the ability to suppress glioma cell proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a important factor for glioma cell growth because they have an increased rate of glucose consumption. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ERN1 in the regulation of the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes in U87MG glioma cells. Methods. We used qPCR analysis to study the role of hypoxia, caused by incubating cells in 0.5 mM dimethyloxalylglycine for 4 hours, in the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes as well as its interaction with the ERN1 endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway in U87 glioma cell culture. Three glioma cell culture lines were used in the study (control glioma cells, cells with complete blockade of the enzymatic activity of ERN1 protein, and cells with inactivation of endoribonuclease only). Results. It has been demonstrated that the expression level of most PHD genes decreases under hypoxic conditions in control glioma cells and cells with ERN1 blockade. Conclusions. It is important to note that the effect of hypoxia is gene-specific and dependent on the activity of ERN1 protein for some genes. It has also been demonstrated that different genes are regulated by different enzymatic activities of the ERN1 signaling protein. The PDHX and DLD genes are regulated by the protein kinase activity of ERN1, PDHA1 and PDHB proteins by the endoribonuclease of ERN1, and the DLAT gene is regulated by both enzymatic activities.

Displacement exerts an ongoing negative impact on people’s mental health. The majority of displaced populations are hosted in the global south, yet there is a paucity of evidence synthesis on the implementation of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programmes in those contexts. We undertook a systematic review of factors influencing the delivery and receipt of MHPSS programmes for displaced populations in low- and middle-income countries to address this gap. A comprehensive search of 12 bibliographic databases, 25 websites and citation checking were undertaken. Studies published in English from 2013 onwards were included if they contained evidence on the perspectives of adults or children who had engaged in, or programmes providers involved in delivering, MHPSS programmes. Fifteen studies were critically appraised and synthesised. Studies considered programme safety as a proxy for acceptability. Other acceptability themes included stigma, culture and gender. Barriers to the accessibility of MHPSS programmes included language, lack of literacy of programme recipients and location of services. To enhance success, future delivery of MHPSS programmes should address gender and cultural norms to limit mental health stigma. Attention should also be given to designing flexible programmes that take into consideration location and language barriers to ensure they maximise accessibility.

Objective. Serine synthesis as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress and hypoxia are important factors of malignant tumor growth including glioblastoma. Previous studies have shown that the knockdown of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling) significantly suppressed the glioblastoma cell proliferation and modified the hypoxia regulation. The present study is aimed to investigate the impact of hypoxia on the expression of PHGDH (phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase), PSAT1 (phosphoserine aminotransferase 1), PSPH (phosphoserine phosphatase), ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), and SHMT1 (serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1) in U87MG glioblastoma cells in relation to knockdown of ERN1 with the intent to reveal the role of ERN1 signaling pathway on the endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent regulation of expression of these genes.

Objective. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are considered to be one of the nanomaterials attractive for biomedical applications, particularly in the health sciences as imaging probes and drug carriers, especially in the field of cancer therapy. The increasing exploitation of nanotubes necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impact of these nanomaterials, which purposefully accumulate in the cell nucleus, on the human health and the function of the genome in the normal and tumor tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of the expression of DNAJB9 and some other genes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell proliferation to low doses of SWCNTs in normal human astrocytes (NHA/TS) and glioblastoma cells (U87MG) with and without an inhibition of ERN1 signaling pathway of the ER stress.

Objective. Homeobox genes play a fundamental role in the embryogenesis, but some of them have been linked to oncogenesis. The present study is aimed to investigate the impact of glucose and glutamine deprivations on the expression of homeobox genes such as PAX6 (paired box 6), PBX3 (PBX homeobox 3), PBXIP1 (PBX homeobox interacting protein 1), MEIS1 (MEIS homeobox 1), and MEIS2 in ERN1 knockdown U87 glioma cells with the intent to reveal the role of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) signaling pathway on the endoplasmic reticulum stress dependent regulation of homeobox genes.

Relevance. The need to develop new technical and technological solutions to improve the efficiency of water isolation in wells with horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Aim. To identify and propose a promising gel-forming composition for conducting water isolation in wells with horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Object. A well with a horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Methods. Laboratory and bench studies of the gel-forming composition for isolating water inflow in wells with different reservoir permeability by modifying it with functional additives and further adapting its application to various mining and geological conditions of the well; technology of injection of compositions with different viscosity in wells with horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Results. The paper considers the theoretical aspects of a hydrophobic layer formation on a watered reservoir surface effected by a hydrophobic composition, when it enters the reservoir. The paper introduces the mechanism of a water-insulating screen formation during injection of a gel-forming composition. The authors have defined the basic requirements for the gel-forming composition. They developed the formulation of the gel-forming composition with a different gelation time from 1 to 8 hours. Due to the composition injection, a water insulation screen is formed that can withstand significant water flow pressure. The water breakthrough pressure varies and depends on the initial permeability: with an increase in gas permeability from 0.1 to 1 mm2 of the breakthrough pressure it decreases by water and ranges from 4.5 to 11.5 MPa/m.

Integration of Russia into a single European educational space has determined the shift of the traditional education paradigm from a humanistic to a competence-based one, the quintessence of which is the formation of a competence system for students based on global trends in the achievement of education quality. The main feature of graduate vocational training programs implementation in the context of the European educational standard is the responsibility of educational organizations for the quality of the educational process, focused on the competence paradigm of modern education. This circumstance has formulated the research problem: what are the problems of FSES 3+ implementation at different levels of professional training of future workers in tourism industry in the context of a competence-based approach in education? The purpose of the research is to substantiate proposals for improving the process of training future tourism industry employees in the system of continuing professional education as a condition for an effective transition to FSES 3++. During the study, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, method of analogy. The results obtained: analysis of the FSES 3+ implementation according to the levels of professional training of college-baccalaureate-magistrature; problematic aspects of the implementation of federal educational standards of the third generation at different levels of professional training of future employees of the tourism industry (college- baccalaureate- magistrature) have been identified, measures to improve the process of professional training of students in the system of continuing professional education in the context of the transition to FSES 3++ have been proposed. Key conclusions: the identified problem aspects can guide the development of educational programs in accordance with FSES 3++ in the system of continuing professional education.

Objective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase genes such as PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, DLD, and PDHX in U87 glioma cells in response to glutamine and glucose deprivations in control glioma cells and endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1) knockdown cells, the major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway, to find out whether there exists a possible dependence of these important regulatory genes expression on both glutamine and glucose supply as well as ERN1 signaling.

Наукова стаття присвячена визначенню особливостей застосування різних видів заходів у механізмі виконання рішень Європейського суду з прав людини в Україні. На основі аналізу міжнародно-правових актів, положень українського законодавства та судової практики охарактеризовано порядок застосування заходів індивідуального характеру та заходів загального характеру в процесі виконання рішень Європейського суду з прав людини в Україні. Встановлено відмінність порядку виконання рішень Європейського суду з прав людини від процедури виконання рішень іноземних судів чи міжнародних комерційних арбітражів на території України. Стверджується, що наявна в науковій літературі точка зору, відповідно до якої перегляд судового рішення не є основним засобом індивідуального впливу в механізмі виконання рішень Європейського суду з прав людини жодним чином не скасовує його важливість у ситуаціях, коли здійснити restitutio in integrum можливо лише у такий спосіб. Зроблено висновок, що заходи щодо виконання рішення Європейського суду з прав людини носять комплексний характер та спрямовані на максимально повне відновлення порушеного права, усунення негативних наслідків такого порушення та недопущення аналогічних порушень у майбутньому. Зроблено висновок, що заходи індивідуального характеру максимально пристосовані до конкретної юридичної ситуації. Їх реалізація відбувається як в силу прямої дії рішення Європейського суду з прав людини на території України (в частині виплати відшкодування потерпілій особі), так і шляхом ухвалення на підставі рішення Європейського суду з прав людини рішень державних органів за встановленою процедурою. Наприклад, шляхом перегляду рішень національних судів за виключними обставинами. Зроблено висновок, що заходи загального характеру чинять системний вплив на правову систему держави, слугують меті наближення національного законодавства до європейських стандартів та чинять превентивний вплив щодо недопущення повторення у майбутньому порушень прав, захищених рішенням Європейського суду з прав людини, не лише щодо особи, на користь якої було ухвалене рішення Європейським судом з прав людини, а й щодо будь-яких інших громадян відповідної держави.

Objective. Nanographene oxide, an oxidation derivative of graphene, is considered to be one of the nanomaterials attractive for biomedical applications, although this nanomaterial is toxic. The increasing exploitation of graphene-based materials necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impact of these materials on the human health. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate in detail the mechanisms of its toxic effect on living cells particularly at the genome level. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of low doses of nanographene oxide on the expression of key regulatory genes in normal human astrocytes.

INTRODUCTION. Proprioceptive deficits are one of the common sensory impairments after stroke and have a negative impact on motor activity. AIM. Evaluation of the effect of stabilization training on the dynamics of clinical and functional indices and the efficiency of motor rehabilitation in patients after stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The dynamics of motor (motor functions, activity) and non-motor (cognitive and emotional volitional) consequences of stroke, as well as the quality of life under the influence of complex application of stabilization training with the use of scales (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Medical Research Council Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity, «Memory for images» and «10 words», Schulte-Platonov Table, Lusher Color Test, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), International Classification of Functioning (ICF), EQ-5D questionnaire and stabilography method. The effectiveness of motor rehabilitation was evaluated by the dynamics of the integral index of health level. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. After complex rehabilitation in stroke patients the regression of neurological disorders was detected (almost half of patients after rehabilitation showed mild degree of impairment, in 6 % of cases full recovery of paretic leg muscle strength was achieved, the share of patients with severe and moderate paresis decreased, hypertonicity of paretic muscles decreased). Complementing the complex of motor rehabilitation with stable exercise led to a decrease in the degree of functional limitations (in 48.5 % of patients after rehabilitation the Hauser walking index indicated a mild degree of walking disorder, patients became able to walk around the room without using aids, reduced dependence on others in everyday life), improved quality of balance function and quality of life, a positive impact on the psychoemotional state of patients and increased effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. CONCLUSION. Stabilotraining application in the complex of motor rehabilitation of patients allowed to improve walking and balance functions, psycho-emotional state of patients, to increase their quality of life and, accordingly, to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures after stroke.

Modern field operation conditions are characterized by a decline in gas production due to the depletion of its reserves, a decrease in reservoir pressure, an increase in water cut, as well as due to the depreciation of the operating well stock. These problems are especially specific at the late stage of development of the Cenomanian deposits of Western Siberia fields, where the anomaly factor below 0.2 prevails, while gas-bearing formations are represented mainly by complex reservoirs with high-permeability areas. When killing such wells, the classical reduction of overbalance by reducing the density of the process fluid does not provide the necessary efficiency, which requires the search for new technical and technological solutions. In order to prevent the destruction of the reservoir and preserve its reservoir properties during repair work in wells with abnormally low reservoir pressure, AO “SevKavNIPIgaz” developed compositions of special process fluids. A quantitative description of the process of blocking the bottomhole formation zone is proposed by means of mathematical modeling of injection of a gel-forming solution into a productive horizon. The well killing technology includes three main stages of work: leveling the injectivity profile of the productive strata using three-phase foam, pumping the blocking composition and its displacement with the creation of a calculated repression. Solutions obtained on the basis of a mathematical model allow optimizing technological parameters to minimize negative consequences in the well killing process.

Objective. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate through the cell membrane, and accumulate in the cell nucleus, which purposefully allows their use in the health sciences as imaging probes and drug carriers in the cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low doses of SWCNTs on the expression of microRNAs associated with the cell proliferation and the brain development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

Este artigo analisa a formação e desenvolvimento da economia agrícola na segunda metade do século XIX. no aspecto histórico. O objetivo do estudo é a divulgação e o esclarecimento dos fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos da economia agrícola como ciência na investigação dos cientistas fundadores de uma das principais instituições estrangeiras de ensino superior. A experiência ocorreu durante o período de 2020-2022. A investigação foi fundamentada nas bases científicas da Biblioteca Nacional Científica Agrícola da Academia Nacional de Ciências Agrárias e da Universidade Nacional Pedagógica Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv. A metodologia da investigação científica baseia-se na utilização de um conjunto de métodos, cada um dos quais tem o seu próprio objetivo e função. Um modelo teórico e metodológico da formação da economia agrícola como ciência no final do século XIX foi desenvolvido na escola superior de agronomia e economia da Academia Petrovsky.

This study aimed to optimize technological methods for cultivating soybeans in the Kursk region, conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kursk FARC" on typical chernozem. The research involved two field experiments: the first examined the effects of four seed sowing rates on two mineral nutrition backgrounds, while the second investigated the effectiveness of microelement fertilizers when applied to soybean seeds and crops. The results showed that the application of mineral fertilizers significantly increased soybean yields. The highest protein and oil collection rates were achieved at a seeding rate of 0.6 million viable seeds per hectare in the fertilized version. Additionally, the use of microelement fertilizers, specifically MicroFeed Boron, resulted in high soybean yields, protein content, and oil content. Based on the findings, it is recommended that soybeans be cultivated with a seeding rate of 0.6 million viable seeds per hectare, accompanied by the application of mineral fertilizers and MicroFeed Boron during the 2nd and 6th trifoliate leaf phases to achieve maximum soybean yield, protein, and oil collection.

Objective. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of genes encoded homeobox proteins such as MEIS3 (Meis homeobox 3), SPAG4 (sperm associated antigen 4), LHX1 (LIM homeobox 1), LHX2, and LHX6 in U87 glioma cells in response to glutamine deprivation in control glioma cells and cells with knockdown of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1), the major pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, for evaluation of a possible dependence on the expression of these important regulatory genes from glutamine supply and ERN1 signaling.

Objective. The aim of the present investigation was to study the impact of glucose and gluta-mine deprivations on the expression of genes encoding EDN1 (endothelin-1), its cognate receptors (EDNRA and EDNRB), and ECE1 (endothelin converting enzyme 1) in U87 glioma cells in response to knockdown of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1), a major signaling pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress, for evaluation of their possible implication in the control of glioma growth through ERN1 and nutrient limitations.

The unique properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) make them viable candidates for versatile implementation in the biomedical devices. They are able to cross the blood–brain barrier, enter cells and accumulate in cell nuclei. We studied the effect of these carbon nanoparticles on the expression of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and proliferation, cell viability and cancerogenesis as well as microRNAs in normal human astrocytes. We have shown that treatment of normal human astrocytes by small doses of SWCNTs (2 and 8 ng/ml of medium for 24 hrs) affect the expression of DNAJB9, IGFBP3, IGFBP6, CLU, ZNF395, KRT18, GJA1, HILPDA, and MEST mRNAs as well as several miRNAs, which have binding sites at 3′-UTR of these mRNAs. These changes in the expression profile of individual mRNAs introduced by SWCNTs are dissimilar in magnitude and direction and are the result of both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms of regulation. It is possible that these changes in gene expressions are mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress introduced by carbon nanotubes and reflect the disturbance of the genome stability. In conclusion, the low doses of SWCNTs disrupt the functional integrity of the genome and possibly exhibit a genotoxic effect.