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Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI), with a fatality rate of 8.6%, is one of the most common types of multiorgan failure in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, AKI should be diagnosed early, and early interventions should be implemented. Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) could aid in the diagnosis of AKI., Methods: In this prospective, single-center, observational study, we included 100 patients with trauma. Urinary L-FABP levels were measured using a semi-quantitative rapid assay kit 6 and 12 h after injury. Negative, weakly positive, and strongly positive urinary L-FABP levels were examined using two protocols. Using protocol 1, measurements were performed at 6 h after injury negative levels were considered "negative," and weakly positive and strongly positive levels were considered "positive." Using protocol 2, strongly positive levels at 6 h after injury were considered "positive," and negative or weakly positive levels at 6 h after injury were considered "positive" if they were weakly positive or positive at 12 h after injury., Results: Fifteen patients were diagnosed with AKI. Using protocol 1, the odds ratio (OR) was 20.55 ( p = 0.001) after adjustment for the injury severity score (ISS), contrast media use, and shock index. When the L-FABP levels at 6 and 12 h were similarly adjusted for those three factors, the OR was 18.24 ( p < 0.001). The difference in ORs for protocols 1 and 2 was 1.619 ( p = 0.04)., Discussion: Associations between urinary L-FABP and AKI can be examined more precisely by performing measurements at 6 and 12 h after injury than only one time at 6 h., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yasuda, Suzuki, Okada, Ishihara, Minamiyama, Kamidani, Kitagawa, Fukuta, Suzuki, Miyake, Yoshida, Tetsuka and Ogura.)