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Redundant inertial sensor systems improve navigation performance and guarantee fault detection or fault isolation functions. However, they may cause unexpected side effects owing to their enlarged size. The misalignment between the center of gravity of the sensor system and the rotational origin of the vehicle results in the lever arm effect inducing significant acceleration errors. To minimize the lever arm effect error, the configuration of redundant sensors should be carefully considered, as their performance is highly dependent on its configuration. Thus, the figure-of-merit (FOM), which is considered a performance index or cost function, is proposed to obtain the optimal configuration for minimizing the lever arm effect error. Further, to define an FOM the angular velocity and angular acceleration are considered as random variables and to quantify them, they were replaced as variances. The lever arm effect error was found to be completely eliminated when a redundant inertial measurement unit (RIMU) with more than eight single-axis inertial sensors was configured using the proposed FOM. Further, a case study and simulation were conducted to verify the proposed FOM and configuration, and it was found that the proposed FOM can be used to obtain the optimal configuration of the RIMU and as an indicator of the lever arm effect error.

In this paper, we consider the initial boundary value problem of the Klein-Gordon equation on networks. The main contribution of this work is to introduce a condition (C), and we use the concavity method to obtain blow-up solutions to this problem.

In this paper, we consider discrete semilinear wave equations u t t x , t = Δ ω u x , t + f u x , t , x , t ∈ S × 0 , + ∞ , u x , t = 0 , x , t ∈ ∂ S × 0 , + ∞ , u x , 0 = u 0 x , u t x , 0 = v 0 x...

In this paper, we study long-time behaviours of solutions to the discrete reaction-diffusion equations u t = Δ ω u + ψ ( t ) f ( u ) with nontrivial and nonnegative initial data, under the mixed bo...

In this paper, we are interested in long time behaviors of solutions to the discrete Laplacian parabolic equations u t = Δ ω u + ψ f ( u ) with nonnegative and non-trivial initial data. In particular, we assume that the function f is convex only on a short interval and f ( α s ) ≈ f ( α ) f ( s ) for 0 α 1 , s > 0 , and we present a critical set depending on the function ψ in the sense that if f is in the critical set, then solutions blow up in finite time for any initial data, and if not, then solutions are global or blow up according to the size of initial data.

In this paper, we consider an initial-boundary value problem of the p-Laplacian parabolic equations \begin{equation} \begin{cases} u_{t}\left(x,t\right)=\mbox{div}(|\nabla u\left(x,t\right)|^{p-2}\nabla u(x,t))+f(u(x,t)), & \left(x,t\right)\in \Omega\times\left(0,+\infty\right), \newline u\left(x,t\right)=0, & \left(x,t\right)\in\partial \Omega\times\left[0,+\infty\right), \newline u\left(x,0\right)=u_{0}\geq0, & x\in\overline{\Omega}, \end{cases} \end{equation} where $p\geq2$ and $\Omega$ is a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ $(N\geq1)$ with smooth boundary $\partial\Omega$. The main contribution of this work is to introduce a new condition \[ \mbox{$(C_{p})$$\hspace{1cm} \alpha \int_{0}^{u}f(s)ds \leq uf(u)+\beta u^{p}+\gamma,\,\,u>0$} \] for some $\alpha, \beta, \gamma>0$ with $0, Comment: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1706.03494

In this study, a separate two-step pyrolysis (using auger and fixed-bed reactors) and a continuous two-stage pyrolysis (using auger and fluidized bed reactors) were conducted. This two-step pyrolysis was conducted to understand the effect of a 300 °C thermal pretreatment with the auger reactor before main pyrolysis on the chlorine removal. The fixed-bed pyrolysis of a solid product obtained after the pretreatment produced an oil with 464 ppm chlorine. An oil with only 14 ppm of organic chlorine could be obtained when a solid containing CaO was pyrolyzed in the fixed-bed reactor. Thermal pretreatment also caused changes in the yield and product composition; pretreatment led to an increase in gas yield and aromatic content of the oil. In the continuous two-stage pyrolysis of a waste plastic mixture having 3 wt.% polyvinyl chloride at 730 °C, chlorine in the feed material was removed in parallel from the outlet of the auger reactor line and through a CaO hot filter; this produced an oil with 6.3 ppm organic chlorine. In the two-stage pyrolysis, an aromatic-rich oil (80 wt.%) was obtained. The two-stage pyrolysis successfully converted the waste plastic mixture into an oil which could be acceptable as a feedstock for petrochemical industries.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a condition \begin{equation*} (C_{p}) \hspace{1cm} \alpha \int_{0}^{u}f(s)ds \leq uf(u)+\beta u^{p}+\gamma,\,\,u>0 \end{equation*} for some $\alpha>2$, $\gamma>0$, and $0\leq\beta\leq\frac{\left(\alpha-p\right)\lambda_{p,0}}{p}$, where $p>1$ and $\lambda_{p,0}$ is the first eigenvalue of the discrete $p$-Laplacian $\Delta_{p,\omega}$. Using the above condition, we obtain blow-up solutions to discrete $p$-Laplacian parabolic equations \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} u_{t}\left(x,t\right)=\Delta_{p,\omega}u\left(x,t\right)+f(u(x,t)), & \left(x,t\right)\in S\times\left(0,+\infty\right), \mu(z)\frac{\partial u}{\partial_{p} n}(x,t)+\sigma(z)|u(x,t)|^{p-2}u(x,t)=0, & \left(x,t\right)\in\partial S\times\left[0,+\infty\right), u\left(x,0\right)=u_{0}\geq0(nontrivial), & x\in S, \end{cases} \end{equation*} on a discrete network $S$, where $\frac{\partial u}{\partial_{p}n}$ denotes the discrete $p$-normal derivative. Here, $\mu$ and $\sigma$ are nonnegative functions on the boundary $\partial S$ of $S$, with $\mu(z)+\sigma(z)>0$, $z\in \partial S$. In fact, it will be seen that the condition $(C_{p})$, the generalized version of the condition $(C)$, improves the conditions known so far., Comment: 22 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1706.03494

This research proposes an algorithm that improves the position accuracy of indoor pedestrian dead reckoning, by compensating the position error with a magnetic field map-matching technique, using multiple magnetic sensors and an outlier mitigation technique based on roughness weighting factors. Since pedestrian dead reckoning using a zero velocity update (ZUPT) does not use position measurements but zero velocity measurements in a stance phase, the position error cannot be compensated, which results in the divergence of the position error. Therefore, more accurate pedestrian dead reckoning is achievable when the position measurements are used for position error compensation. Unfortunately, the position information cannot be easily obtained for indoor navigation, unlike in outdoor navigation cases. In this paper, we propose a method to determine the position based on the magnetic field map matching by using the importance sampling method and multiple magnetic sensors. The proposed method does not simply integrate multiple sensors but uses the normalization and roughness weighting method for outlier mitigation. To implement the indoor pedestrian navigation algorithm more accurately than in existing indoor pedestrian navigation, a 15th-order error model and an importance-sampling extended Kalman filter was utilized to correct the error of the map-matching-aided pedestrian dead reckoning (MAPDR). To verify the performance of the proposed indoor MAPDR algorithm, many experiments were conducted and compared with conventional pedestrian dead reckoning. The experimental results show that the proposed magnetic field MAPDR algorithm provides clear performance improvement in all indoor environments.

Polyethylene terephthalate was gasified using a two-stage gasifier composed of a fluidized bed gasifier and tar-cracking reactor and air as the gasifying agent. The main challenge was to overcome problems such as equipment clogging caused by the condensable compounds (tars) generated during polyethylene terephthalate gasification. Active carbon was applied to the two-stage gasifier to reduce tar. As a result of gasification, we did not experience any problems caused by tar, thereby obtaining a clean producer gas. Active carbon played a crucial role in increasing H2 production and reducing the tar content. The tar-cracking reactor temperature and equivalence ratio turned out to have a significant influence on the gas quality. The gas produced from the gasification of polyethylene terephthalate had high contents of H2 and CO. At the tar-cracking reactor temperature of 844 °C and an equivalence ratio of 0.27, a producer gas containing 22 vol% H2, 25 vol% CO, and 7 mg/Nm3 of tar was obtained. Considering the high amount of O in polyethylene terephthalate compared with that in polyolefin, CO production from the two-stage air gasification of polyethylene terephthalate appeared to be very attractive when the process was implemented on a commercial scale.

The properties of vanadium-doped indium oxide (IVO) deposited at room temperature as a transparent conductor for inverted polymer solar cells have been investigated as a function of the vanadium doping concentration. IVO film prepared with V doping concentration of 0.03% showed optimal properties for use as a transparent conductor with figure of merit of 4.35 × 10−3 Ohm−1, related to altered band alignment between the Fermi level and conduction-band minimum. In the optimal optoelectrical conditions for the IVO film, performance optimization of PTB7:PC70BM inverted polymer solar cells resulted in maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.7 ± 0.4% under simulated air mass 1.5 global illumination at 100 mW/cm2.

In this research, we propose a nonholonomic average speed measurement that newly recombines usable measurement in nonholonomic conditions to improve the heading accuracy of the vehicle Odometer/GPS/INS integrated navigation system. The average speed is less noise and the direction angle can be corrected more accurately because the information comes from data with long baselines. The advantages of this average speed is applied to nonholonomic measurements, which can improve the heading accuracy of the land vehicle navigation system. The proposed algorithm has been verified by Monte Carlo simulation. Verification results show improved heading accuracy and efficient applicability to navigation systems.

In this study, we report for the first time a simple bar-coating process of soluble metal oxide semiconductors, consuming the 0.1 g of precursor solution in 4 in. sized devices with a cost of only $0.05. To resolve the issue of critical degradation in device performance observable in slow-evaporation-based film formation processes, we incorporate the unprecedentedly developed, poly(acrylic acid)-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in oxide semiconductors. It is demonstrated that a field-effect mobility is improved to the value of 7.34 cm2/(V s) (improvement by a factor of 2) without any critical variation in threshold voltage and on/off current ratio.

Multi-layer films of SiN x /SiO x /InSnO with anti-reflective effect were grown by new-concept plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system (PECVD) with hybrid plasma source (HPS). Anti-reflective effect of SiN x /SiO x /InSnO was investigated as a function of ratio of SiN x and SiO x thickness. Multi-layers deposited by PECVD with HPS represents the enhancement of anti-reflective effect with high transmittance, comparing to the layers by conventional radio frequency (RF) sputtering system. This change is strongly related to the optical and physical properties of each layer, such as refractive index, composition, film density, and surface roughness depending on the deposition system.

This work presents a method for controlling the wettability of an aluminum-hydroxide (Al(OH)3) nanostructure by using ion implantation. We implant Xe ions into Al(OH)3 nanostructures at dosages between 5 × 1014 to 1 × 1016 ions/cm2. The microscopic surface morphology of the nanostructure after implantation does not change under our dosing conditions. However, a drastic increase in the surface contact angle (CA) from 0° to 100° is observed at a dosage of 5 × 1015 ions/cm2. We attribute this significant change in CA to the composition and chemical bonding states of carbon contained within the Al(OH)3 nanostructure.

Radio-frequency (RF) sputtered ZnO films were investigated as a function of the Ni-ion irradiation dose at room temperature. The prepared ZnO films were irradiated with Ni-ions at an acceleration energy of 130 MeV in the dose range from 5 × 1011 ions/cm2 to 1 × 1013 ions/cm2. The electrical properties of the irradiated ZnO films changed with changing Ni-ion irradiation dose. In order to explain the change in the electrical properties of ZnO films, we investigated the physical properties and the electronic structure, such as the physical structure, the molecular orbital in the conduction band, and the band edge state below the conduction band. The physical structure and the physical composition showed no changes, regardless of the Ni-ion irradiation dose. On the other hand, the electronic structure showed a drastic modification of the hybridized molecular orbital ordering of the Zn 4sp and the O 2p in the conduction band. In addition, two distinct band edge states below the conduction band were observed with increasing Ni-ion irradiation dose. These remarkable changes in the electronic structure could be correlated to changes in the electrical properties.

Analytical solutions for modeling geotextile tubes during the filling process and approximation method to determine the densified tube shape are reviewed. The geotextile tube filling analysis is based on Plaut & Suherman\'s two-dimensional solution for geotextile tubes having a weightless and frictionless inextensible membrane resting on a rigid horizontal foundation subjected to internal and external hydrostatic pressures. The approximation for the densified tube shape developed by Leshchinsky et al. was adopted. A modified method for approximating the densified tube shape based on an areal-strain deformation analysis is introduced. Design diagrams useful for approximating geotextile tube measurements in the design process are provided.

Device performance of radio frequency (RF) sputtered InGaZnO (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) were improved using combination post-treatment with hydrogen irradiation and low temperature annealing at 150 °C. Under the combination treatment, IGZO TFTs were significantly enhanced without changing physical structure and chemical composition. On the other hand, the electronic structure represents a dramatically modification of the chemical bonding states, band edge states below the conduction band, and band alignment. Compared to the hydrogen irradiation or low temperature annealing, the combination treatment induces the increase of oxygen deficient chemical bonding states, the shallow band edge state below the conduction band, and the smaller energy difference of conduction band offset, which can generate the increase in charge carrier and enhance the device performance.

We discuss the conditions under which blow-up occurs for the solutions of discretep-Laplacian parabolic equations on networksSwith boundary∂Sas follows:ut(x,t)=Δp,ωu(x,t)+λ|u(x,t)|q-1u(x,t),(x,t)∈S×(0,+∞);u(x,t)=0,(x,t)∈∂S×(0,+∞);u(x,0)=u0≥0,x∈S¯, wherep>1,q>0,λ>0, and the initial datau0is nontrivial onS. The main theorem states that the solutionuto the above equation satisfies the following: (i) if01, then the solution blows up in a finite time, providedu¯0>ω0/λ1/q-p+1, whereω0:=maxx∈S⁡∑y∈S¯‍ω(x,y)andu¯0:=maxx∈S u0(x); (ii) if0