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37. Evidence of Potential Anammox Activities from Rice Paddy Soils in Microaerobic and Anaerobic Conditions.

Author

Khanal, Anamika, Song, Hyung-Geun, Cho, Yu-Sung, Yang, Seo-Yeon, Kim, Won-Seok, Joshi, Alpana, Min, Jiho, and Lee, Ji-Hoon

Subjects
ANAEROBIC metabolism, PADDY fields, INDUSTRIAL capacity, WASTEWATER treatment, ENVIRONMENTAL soil science
Abstract

Simple Summary: Anammox microorganisms are beneficial for use in wastewater treatment reactors. However, the application is limited due to the slow growth, high sensitivity, and the lack of a pure culture. To expand the sources of anammox bacteria, we used terrestrial soils from rice paddy fields to enrich and detect the anammox bacteria. This approach revealed potential anammox activities in both microaerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. Anammox, a reaction in which microorganisms oxidize ammonia under anaerobic conditions, is used in the industry to remove ammonium from wastewater in an environmentally friendly manner. This process does not produce intermediate products such as nitrite or nitrate, which can act as secondary pollutants in soil and water environments. For industrial applications, anammox bacteria should be obtained from the environment and cultivated. Anammox bacteria generally exhibit a slow growth rate and may not produce a large number of cells due to their anaerobic metabolism. Additionally, their habitats appear to be limited to specific environments, such as oxidation-reduction transition zones. Consequently, most of the anammox bacteria that are used or studied originate from marine environments. In this study, anammox bacterial evidence was found in rice paddy soil and cultured under various conditions of aerobic, microaerobic, and anaerobic batch incubations to determine whether enrichment was possible. The anammox-specific gene (hzsA) and microbial community analyses were performed on the incubated soils. Although it was not easy to enrich anammox bacteria due to co-occurrence of denitrification and nitrification based on the chemistry data, potential existence of anammox bacteria was assumed in the terrestrial paddy soil environment. For potential industrial uses, anammox bacteria could be searched for in rice paddy soils by applying optimal enrichment conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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