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1. Screening Model for Bladder Cancer Early Detection With Serum miRNAs Based on Machine Learning: A Mixed‐Cohort Study Based on 16,189 Participants

Author

Cong Lai, Zhensheng Hu, Jintao Hu, Zhuohang Li, Lin Li, Mimi Liu, Zhikai Wu, Yi Zhou, Cheng Liu, and Kewei Xu

Subjects
bladder cancer, early detection, machine learning, screening model, serum miRNA, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Early detection of bladder cancer (BCa) can have a positive impact on patients' prognosis. However, there is currently no widely accepted method for early screening of BCa. We aimed to develop an efficient, clinically applicable, and noninvasive method for the early screening of BCa by detecting specific serum miRNA levels. Methods A mixed‐cohort (including BCa, 12 different other cancers, benign disease patients, and health population) study was conducted using a sample size of 16,189. Five machine learning algorithms were utilized to develop screening models for BCa using the training dataset. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis on the testing dataset, and subsequently, the model with the best predictive power was selected. Furthermore, the selected model's screening performance was evaluated using both the validation set and external set. Results The BCaS3miR model, utilizing only three serum miRNAs (miR‐6087, miR‐1343‐3p, and miR‐5100) and based on the KNN algorithm, is the superior screening model chosen for BCa. BCaS3miR consistently performed well in both the testing, validation, and external sets, exceeding 90% sensitivity and specificity levels. The area under the curve was 0.990 (95% CI: 0.984–0.991), 0.964 (95% CI: 0.936–0.984), and 0.917 (95% CI: 0.836–0.953) in the testing, validation, and external set. The subgroup analysis revealed that the BCaS3miR model demonstrated outstanding screening accuracy in various clinical subgroups of BCa. In addition, we developed a BCa screening scoring model (BCaSS) based on the levels of miR‐1343‐3p/miR‐6087 and miR‐5100/miR‐6087. The screening effect of BCaSS is investigated and the findings indicate that it has predictability and distinct advantages. Conclusions Using a mixed cohort with the largest known sample size to date, we have developed effective screening models for BCa, namely BCaS3miR and BCaSS. The models demonstrated remarkable screening accuracy, indicating potential for the early detection of BCa.

Published
2024
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2. Effects of exogenous GABA on physiological characteristics of licorice seedlings under saline-alkali stress

Author

Mimi Liu, Jing Gao, Nan Wang, Yonggang Yan, Gang Zhang, Ying Chen, and Mingying Zhang

Subjects
Antioxidant enzymes, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Licorice, Photosynthesis, Saline-alkali stress, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

Licorice is widespread in arid and semi-arid areas, but high soil salinity has always been a limiting factor for vegetation growth in these areas. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a signaling molecule that can regulate tolerance in plant. However, the mechanism by which exogenous GABA regulates the response of licorice to saline-alkali stress is not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous GABA on growth parameters, oxidative damage, hormone levels and photosynthetic indices of licorice seedlings under different combinations of saline and alkali stress conditions. The experiment involved eight treatments: CK, distilled water (control); CK + GABA, 0.1 mM GABA; salt stress (SS), 150 mM NaCl; SS + GABA, 150 mM NaCl + 0.1 mM GABA; alkali stress (AS), 10 mM Na2CO3; AS + GABA, 10 mM Na2CO3 + 0.1 mM GABA; mixed saline-alkali stress (MAS), 150 mM NaCl + 10 mM Na2CO3; MAS + GABA, 150 mM NaCl + 10 mM Na2CO3 + 0.1 mM GABA. Our results showed that the inhibitory effects of SS and MAS on the seedling height, root length and root-shoot ratio were significantly alleviated by exogenous GABA. Although soluble sugars, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were lower in the leaves of the seedlings in the SS treatment compared with the control, these physiological parameters increased significantly after GABA application. Exogenous GABA improved glutathione (GSH) activity in both the leaves and roots of the seedlings during the AS treatment. Additionally, take advantage of GABA led to an increase in ABA, GA and IAA contents in leaves under SS, AS and MAS treatments. Furthermore, the photosynthetic parameters, including Pn, gs, Tr, ETR and qP, significantly increased following the utilization of GABA in both the SS and MAS treatments. Therefore, the application of exogenous GABA can reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, preserve cell morphology, and enhance cell function under saline, alkali, and saline-alkali stress. This enhances the resistance of licorice seedlings to stress conditions and reduces physiological damage.

Published
2024
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3. Combined analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics to find biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury

Author

Kaini He, Mimi Liu, Qian Wang, Sijie Chen, and Xiaoyan Guo

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a kind of liver dysfunction which caused by drugs, and gut microbiota could affect liver injury. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites in DILI patients is not clear. The total gut microbiota DNA was extracted from 28 DILI patient and 28 healthy control volunteers (HC) and 16S rDNA gene were amplified. Next, differentially metabolites were screened. Finally, the correlations between the diagnostic strains and differentially metabolites were studied.The richness and uniformity of the bacterial communities decreased in DILI patients, and the structure of gut microbiota changed obviously. Enterococcus and Veillonella which belong to Firmicutes increased in DILI, and Blautia and Ralstonia which belong to Firmicutes, Dialister which belongs to Proteobacteria increased in HC. In addition, these diagnostic OTUs of DILI were associated with the DILI damage mechanism. On the other hands, there were 66 differentially metabolites between DILI and HC samples, and these metabolites were mainly enriched in pyrimidine metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, the collinear network map of the key microbiota-metabolites were constructed and the results indicated that Cortodoxone, Prostaglandin I1, Bioyclo Prostaglandin E2 and Anacardic acid were positively correlated with Blautia and Ralstonia, and negatively correlated with Veillonella.This study analyzed the changes of DILI from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolites. Key strains and differentially metabolites of DILI were screened and the correlations between them were studied. This study further illustrated the mechanism of DILI.

Published
2023
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4. Machine learning for predicting diabetes risk in western China adults

Author

Lin Li, Yinlin Cheng, Weidong Ji, Mimi Liu, Zhensheng Hu, Yining Yang, Yushan Wang, and Yi Zhou

Subjects
Diabetes mellitus, Machine learning, Risk prediction model, XGBoost, physical examination, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Objective Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic disease. Long-time exposure of patients to hyperglycemia can lead to various type of chronic tissue damage. Early diagnosis of and screening for diabetes are crucial to population health. Methods We collected the national physical examination data in Xinjiang, China, in 2020 (a total of more than 4 million people). Three types of physical examination indices were analyzed: questionnaire, routine physical examination and laboratory values. Integrated learning, deep learning and logistic regression methods were used to establish a risk model for type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, to improve the convenience and flexibility of the model, a diabetes risk score card was established based on logistic regression to assess the risk of the population. Results An XGBoost-based risk prediction model outperformed the other five risk assessment algorithms. The AUC of the model was 0.9122. Based on the feature importance ranking map, we found that hypertension, fasting blood glucose, age, coronary heart disease, ethnicity, parental diabetes mellitus, triglycerides, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and body mass index were the most important features of the risk prediction model for type-2 diabetes. Conclusions This study established a diabetes risk assessment model based on multiple ethnicities, a large sample and many indices, and classified the diabetes risk of the population, thus providing a new forecast tool for the screening of patients and providing information on diabetes prevention for healthy populations.

Published
2023
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5. Electronic Source Data Transcription for Electronic Case Report Forms in China: Validation of the Electronic Source Record Tool in a Real-world Ophthalmology Study

Author

Bin Wang, Junkai Lai, Mimi Liu, Feifei Jin, Yifei Peng, and Chen Yao

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundAs researchers are increasingly interested in real-world studies (RWSs), improving data collection efficiency and data quality has become an important challenge. An electronic source (eSource) generally includes direct capture, collection, and storage of electronic data to simplify clinical research. It can improve data quality and patient safety and reduce clinical trial costs. Although there are already large projects on eSource technology, there is a lack of experience in using eSource technology to implement RWSs. Our team designed and developed an eSource record (ESR) system in China. In a preliminary prospective study, we selected a cosmetic medical device project to evaluate ESR software’s effect on data collection and transcription. As the previous case verification was simple, we plan to choose more complicated ophthalmology projects to further evaluate the ESR. ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the data transcription efficiency and quality of ESR software in retrospective studies to verify the feasibility of using eSource as an alternative to traditional manual transcription of data in RWS projects. MethodsThe approved ophthalmic femtosecond laser project was used for ESR case validation. This study compared the efficiency and quality of data transcription between the eSource method using ESR software and the traditional clinical research model of manually transcribing the data. Usability refers to the quality of a user’s experience when interacting with products or systems including websites, software, devices, or applications. To evaluate the system availability of ESR, we used the System Usability Scale (SUS). The questionnaire consisted of the following 2 parts: participant information and SUS evaluation of the electronic medical record (EMR), electronic data capture (EDC), and ESR systems. By accessing log data from the EDC system previously used by the research project, all the time spent from the beginning to the end of the study could be counted. ResultsIn terms of transcription time cost per field, the eSource method can reduce the time cost by 81.8% (11.2/13.7). Compared with traditional manual data transcription, the eSource method has higher data transcription quality (correct entry rate of 2356/2400, 98.17% vs 47,991/51,424, 93.32%). A total of 15 questionnaires were received with a response rate of 100%. In terms of usability, the average overall SUS scores of the EMR, EDC, and ESR systems were 50.3 (SD 21.9), 51.5 (SD 14.2), and 63.0 (SD 11.3; contract research organization experts: 69.5, SD 11.5; clinicians: 59.8, SD 10.2), respectively. The Cronbach α for the SUS items of the EMR, EDC, and ESR systems were 0.591 (95% CI −0.012 to 0.903), 0.588 (95% CI −0.288 to 0.951), and 0.785 (95% CI 0.576-0.916), respectively. ConclusionsIn real-world ophthalmology studies, the eSource approach based on the ESR system can replace the traditional clinical research model that relies on the manual transcription of data.

Published
2022
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6. Versatile Silver Nanoparticles-Based SERS Substrate with High Sensitivity and Stability

Author

Mimi Liu, Anjuli Bhandari, Mujtaba Ali Haqqani Mohammed, Daniela R. Radu, and Cheng-Yu Lai

Subjects
SERS, Ag NP, paper-based SERS substrate, PET-print-based-SERS substrate, R6G, SERS enhancement factor, Technology
Abstract

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering has developed into a mature analytical technique useful in various applications; however, the reproducible fabrication of a portable SERS substrate with high sensitivity and good uniformity is still an ongoing pursuit. Reported herein is a rapid fabrication method of an inexpensive SERS substrate that enables sub-nanomolar detection of molecular analytes. The SERS substrate is obtained by application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-based ink in precisely design patterns with the aid of an in-house assembled printer equipped with a user-fillable pen. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations show a 155-times Ag NP electric field enhancement for Ag nanoparticle pairs with particle spacing of 2 nm. By comparing the SERS performance of SERS substrate made with different support matrices and fabrication methods, the PET-printed substrate shows optimal performance, with an estimated sensitivity enhancement factor of 107. The quantitative analysis of rhodamine 6G absorbed on optimized SERS substrate exhibits a good linear relationship, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9998, between the SERS intensity at 610 cm−1 and the concentration in the range of 0.1 nM—1μM. The practical low limit detection of R6G is 10 pM. The optimized SERS substrates show good stability (at least one month) and have been effectively tested in the detection of cancer drugs, including doxorubicin and metvan.

Published
2021
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7. Cascade synthesis and optoelectronic applications of intermediate bandgap Cu3VSe4 nanosheets

Author

Mimi Liu, Cheng-Yu Lai, Meng Zhang, and Daniela R. Radu

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) ternary materials recently generated interest in optoelectronics and energy-related applications, alongside their binary counterparts. To date, only a few naturally occurring layered 2D ternary materials have been explored. The plethora of benefits owed to reduced dimensionality prompted exploration of expanding non-layered ternary chalcogenides into the 2D realm. This work presents a templating method that uses 2D transition metal dichalcogenides as initiators to be converted into the corresponding ternary chalcogenide upon addition of copper, via a solution-phase synthesis, conducted in high boiling point solvents. The process starts with preparation of VSe2 nanosheets, which are next converted into Cu3VSe4 sulvanite nanosheets (NSs) which retain the 2D geometry while presenting an X-ray diffraction pattern identical with the one for the bulk Cu3VSe4. Both the scanning electron microscopy and transmission microscopy electron microscopy show the presence of quasi-2D morphology. Recent studies of the sulfur-containing sulvanite Cu3VS4 highlight the presence of an intermediate bandgap, associated with enhanced photovoltaic (PV) performance. The Cu3VSe4 nanosheets reported herein exhibit multiple UV–Vis absorption peaks, related to the intermediate bandgaps similar to Cu3VS4 and Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals. To test the potential of Cu3VSe4 NSs as an absorber for solar photovoltaic devices, Cu3VSe4 NSs thin-films deposited on FTO were subjected to photoelectrochemical testing, showing p-type behavior and stable photocurrents of up to ~ 0.036 mA/cm2. The photocurrent shows a ninefold increase in comparison to reported performance of Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals. This proves that quasi-2D sulvanite nanosheets are amenable to thin-film deposition and could show superior PV performance in comparison to nanocrystal thin-films. The obtained electrical impedance spectroscopy signal of the Cu3VSe4 NSs-FTO based electrochemical cell fits an equivalent circuit with the circuit elements of solution resistance (Rs), charge-transfer resistance (Rct), double-layer capacitance (Cdl), and Warburg impedance (W). The estimated charge transfer resistance value of 300 Ω cm2 obtained from the Nyquist plot provides an insight into the rate of charge transfer on the electrode/electrolyte interface.

Published
2020
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8. Baseline characteristics associated with early visual acuity gains after ranibizumab treatment for retinal vein occlusion

Author

W. Lloyd Clark, Mimi Liu, John Kitchens, Pin-wen Wang, and Zdenka Haskova

Subjects
Retinal vein occlusion, RVO, Branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO, Central retinal vein occlusion, CRVO, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Abstract Background To identify baseline patient characteristics associated with early clinically significant visual acuity (VA) improvements within 3 months of treatment initiation in ranibizumab-treated patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in the SHORE study. Methods Post hoc analysis of baseline patient characteristics in the randomized, open-label, vision examiner–masked SHORE phase 4 study that compared monthly versus pro re nata dosing of ranibizumab in patients with branch and central RVO. Patients who enrolled in SHORE fulfilled eligibility criteria per protocol (N = 202). SHORE data were retrospectively analyzed to identify baseline patient characteristics associated with early clinically significant improvements in VA, defined as improvement to a Snellen equivalent of 20/40 or better vision (≥ 69 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters) or an increase in best-corrected VA (BCVA) of 15 or more ETDRS letters from baseline within 3 months of treatment initiation. Main outcome measures were BCVA gain of 15 or more ETDRS letters from baseline, Snellen equivalent of 20/40 or better vision, and baseline factors associated with early clinically significant improvement in BCVA. Results The median time for patients to achieve a BCVA of 20/40 or better was 59 days and the median time for patients to gain 15 or more ETDRS letters was 63 days. Better baseline BCVA (> 50 ETDRS letters/Snellen equivalent ≥ 20/100), greater baseline total macular volume (> 9.99 mm3), and presence of subretinal fluid at baseline were all associated with early improvement to 20/40 or better vision (ETDRS equivalent ≥ 69 letters; P

Published
2019
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9. Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals.

Author

Mimi Liu, Cheng-Yu Lai, Gurpreet Singh Selopal, and Daniela R Radu

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The ternary chalcogenide Cu3VSe4 (CVSe) with sulvanite structure has been theoretically predicted to be a promising candidate for photovoltaic applications due to its suitable bandgap for solar absorption and the relatively earth-abundant elements in its composition. To realize the absorber layer via an inexpensive route, printed thin-films could be fabricated from dispersions of nano-sized Cu3VSe4 precursors. Herein, cubic Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a hot-injection method. Similar with reported Cu3VS4 nanocrystals, Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals with cubic structure exhibit three absorption bands in the UV-Visible range indicative of a potential intermediate bandgap existence. A thin film fabricated by depositing the nanoparticles Cu3VSe4 on FTO coated glass substrate, exhibited a p-type behavior and a photocurrent of ~ 4 μA/cm2 when measured in an electrochemical cell setting. This first demonstration of photocurrent exhibited by a CVSe nanocrystals thin film signifies a promising potential in photovoltaic applications.

Published
2020
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10. Green Synthesis of Ge1−xSnx Alloy Nanoparticles for Optoelectronic Applications

Author

Gopal Singh Attar, Mimi Liu, Cheng-Yu Lai, and Daniela R. Radu

Subjects
germanium-tin alloy, colloidal synthesis, nanoparticles, electronic materials, semiconductors, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

Compositionally controlled, light-emitting, group IV semiconductor nanomaterials have potential to enable on-chip data communications and infrared (IR) imaging devices compatible with the complementary metal−oxide−semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The recent demonstration of a direct band gap laser in Ge-Sn alloys opens avenues to the expansion of Si-photonics. Ge-Sn alloys showed improved effective carrier mobility as well as direct band gap behavior at Sn composition above 6–11%. In this work, Ge1−xSnx alloy nanoparticles with varying Sn compositions from x = 0.124 to 0.178 were prepared via colloidal synthesis using sodium borohydride (NaBH4), a mild and non-hazardous reducing reagent. Successful removal of the synthesized long-alkyl-chain ligands present on nanoparticles’ surfaces, along with the passivation of the Ge-Sn nanoparticle surface, was achieved using aqueous (NH4)2S. The highly reactive surface of the nanoparticles prior to ligand exchange often leads to the formation of germanium oxide (GeO2). This work demonstrates that the (NH4)2S further acts as an etching reagent to remove the oxide layer from the particles’ surfaces. The compositional control and long-term stability will enable the future use of these easily prepared Ge1−xSnx nanoalloys in optoelectronic devices.

Published
2021
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11. Stand-Alone CuFeSe2 (Eskebornite) Nanosheets for Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Author

Mimi Liu, Daniela R. Radu, Gurpreet Singh Selopal, Saiphaneendra Bachu, and Cheng-Yu Lai

Subjects
CuFeSe2 nanosheets, doxorubicin, cytotoxicity, photothermal therapeutic efficacy, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Two-dimensional CuFeSe2 nanosheets have been successfully obtained via solution-phase synthesis using a sacrificial template method. The high purity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and the two-dimensional morphology was validated by transmission electron microscopy. The intense absorption in the 400–1400 nm region has been the basis for the CuFeSe2 nanosheets’ photothermal capabilities testing. The colloidal CuFeSe2 (CFS) nanosheets capped with S2− short ligands (CFS-S) exhibit excellent biocompatibility in cell culture studies and strong photothermal effects upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The nanosheets were further loaded with the cancer drug doxorubicin and exposed to laser irradiation, which accelerated the release of doxorubicin, achieving synergy in the therapeutic effect.

Published
2021
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12. Sulvanites: The Promise at the Nanoscale

Author

Roberto Prado-Rivera, Chen-Yu Chang, Mimi Liu, Cheng-Yu Lai, and Daniela R. Radu

Subjects
sulvanite, solid-state synthesis, solution-phase synthesis, electronic structure, optical bandgap, elastic properties, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The class of ternary copper chalcogenides Cu3MX4 (M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se, Te), also known as the sulvanite family, has attracted attention in the past decade as featuring promising materials for optoelectronic devices, including solar photovoltaics. Experimental and theoretical studies of these semiconductors have provided much insight into their properties, both in bulk and at the nanoscale. The recent realization of sulvanites at the nanoscale opens new avenues for the compounds toward printable electronics. This review is aimed at the consideration of synthesis methods, relevant properties and the recent developments of the most important sulvanites.

Published
2021
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13. Solution-Based Synthesis of Sulvanite Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 Nanocrystals

Author

Mimi Liu, Cheng-Yu Lai, Chen-Yu Chang, and Daniela R. Radu

Subjects
sulvanite Cu3TaS4 NCs, Cu3TaSe4 NCs, TaSe2 nanoflakes, TaS2 nanoflakes, transparent semiconductors, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

Sulvanites have the parent formula Cu3MCh4. The metal M belongs to group 5 and Ch is a chalcogen. The tantalum sulvanites Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 are predicted to have wide band gaps and p-type conductivity and show promise in optoelectronic applications. Their potential as p-type transparent conductors or efficient photocatalysts for visible-light water splitting is a valuable incentive to explore these materials in their nanoscale form, toward bottom-up processing opportunities. Reported herein are the first syntheses of nanosized Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 sulvanites, which preserve the parent cubic crystal structure but show that morphology at the nanoscale is dependent of the reaction conditions. The two solution-based methods for synthesizing the tantalum S and Se sulvanites result in Cu3TaS4 or Cu3TaSe4 nanocrystals (NCs) with prismatic morphology, or, in the case of Cu3TaSe4, could lead to core-shell spherical nanostructures. The Cu3TaS4 NCs and Cu3TaSe4 NCs have good absorption in the UV-Vis region, while the Cu3TaSe4 core-shell NCs possess broad absorption bands not only in the UV-Vis but also in the near-infrared region. Photoluminescence measurements of Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 reveal optical bandgaps of 2.54 and 2.32 eV, respectively, consistent with the values measured in bulk. Additionally, the current–voltage (I-V) curve of Cu3TaS4 NCs proves its electrical conductivity.

Published
2021
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14. 25. Blind Curves or Open Roads? Student Leaders Speak on the Future of Canadian Post-Secondary Education

Author

Selena Demenoff, Pascal Genest-Richard, Jolène Labbé, Rébecca Bourgault, Johanna Lewis, Alannah Robinson, John Pritz, Cameron Bell, Laura Beach, Alexandre Beaupré-Lavallée, Jessica Barudin, Ray Charles Howard, Mimi Liu, and Sarah Nichols

Subjects
Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

In working to build a better, more just future, post-secondary institutions play a crucial role in shaping the students of today and tomorrow. Many institutions already employ a number of innovative programs aimed at broadening students’ horizons. We can now look forward to seeing these initiatives grow. As students, we outline our views on some of the challenges and possible avenues for change in post-secondary education. Efforts to strengthen student leadership, optimize experiential learning, and develop a more holistic educational approach are important. Current challenges to post-secondary education lie within aspects of accessibility, funding, relationship disconnect, and segregated educational approaches. Strengths and challenges encountered within post-secondary education can frame learning boundaries to be deconstructive or constructive. Both boundary modalities can play important roles in designing the future of post-secondary education in Canada.

Published
2013
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18. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials

Author

Charles C Wykoff, Francis Abreu, Anthony P Adamis, Karen Basu, David A Eichenbaum, Zdenka Haskova, Hugh Lin, Anat Loewenstein, Shaun Mohan, Ian A Pearce, Taiji Sakamoto, Patricio G Schlottmann, David Silverman, Jennifer K Sun, John A Wells, Jeffrey R Willis, Ramin Tadayoni, Thomas Aaberg, Ashkan Abbey, Elmira Abdulaeva, Santiago Abengoechea, Prema Abraham, Thomas Ach, Serrhel Adams, Alfredo Adan Civera, Sean Adrean, Hansjurgen Agostini, Suhail Alam, Arturo Alezzandrini, Virgil Alfaro, Daniel Aliseda, Arghavan Almony, Pedro Amat, Payam Amini, Andrew Antoszyk, Luis Arias, Riaz Asaria, Marcos Avila, Carl C Awh, Joaquin Bafalluy, Carl Baker, Francesco Bandello, Mark Barakat, Karen Barraza, Gyorgy Bator, Caroline Baumal, Rubens Belfort Jr, Chris Bergstrom, George Bertolucci, Thomas Bochow, Matthias Bolz, Emilia Borcz, Arnaldo Bordon, David Boyer, Galina Bratko, Michael Brent, Jamin Brown, David M Brown, Maria Budzinskaya, Sylvia Buffet, Stuart Burgess, Ben Burton, Miguel Busquets, Francisco Cabrera, Carlo Cagini, Jorge Calzada, Peter Campochiaro, John Carlson, Alessandro Castellarin, Carlos Cava, Voraporn Chaikitmongkol, Clement Chan, Emmanuel Chang, Jonathan Chang, Andrew Chang, Steve Charles, Nauman Chaudhry, Caroline Chee, Judy Chen, Fred Chen, Shih-Jen Chen, Richard Cheong-Leen, Allen Chiang, Mark Chittum, David Chow, Brian Connolly, Pierre Loic Cornut, Karl Csaky, Carl Danzig, Arup Das, Vesselin Daskalov, Carmen Desco, Amr Dessouki, John Dickinson, Brian Do, Michael Dollin, Pravin Dugel, Jaroslava Dusova, David Eichenbaum, Bora Eldem, Robert Engstrom, Jan Ernest, Joan Josep Escobar, Simona Esposti, Nicole Eter, Naomi Falk, Andrej Farkas, Leonard Feiner, Nicolas Feltgen, Carlos Fernandez, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Philip Ferrone, Joao Figueira, Marta Figueroa, Oliver Findl, Howard Fine, Jorge Fortun, Gregory M Fox, Scott Foxman, Carsten Framme, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Arthur Fu, Akira Fukutomi, Nicholas Fung, Federico Furno Sola, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo, Renata Garcia, Alfredo Garcia-Layana, Maciej Gawecki, Sheen George, Faruque Ghanchi, Ghassan Ghorayeb, Roger Goldberg, Michaella Goldstein, Nuno Gomes, Francisco Gomez Ulla, Victor Gonzalez, Craig Greven, Sunil Gupta, Miguel Guzman, Martin Harris, Katja Hatz, Vivienne Hau, Vincent Hau, Ken Hayashi, Jeffrey Heier, Ewa Herba, Vrinda Hershberger, Patrick Higgins, Akito Hirakata, Allen Ho, Nancy Holekamp, Shigeru Honda, Jason Hsu, Allen Hu, Maria Hurcikova, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Ricky Isernhagen, Yasuki Ito, Tim Jackson, Rachael Jacoby, Afsar Jafree, Golnaz Javey, Cameron Javid, Chirag Jhaveri, Mark Johnson, Marek Kacerík, Jakub Kaluzny, Daniel Kampik, Se Woong Kang, Kapil Kapoor, Levent Karabas, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Agnes Kerenyi, Arshad Khanani, Rahul Khurana, Brian Kim, Kazuhiro Kimura, Genichiro Kishino, Shigehiko Kitano, Kendra Klein-Mascia, Gregg Kokame, Jean Francois Korobelnik, Alexey Kulikov, Ajay Kuriyan, Henry Kwong, Robert Kwun, Timothy Lai, Chi-Chun Lai, Philip Laird, Laurent Lalonde, Paolo Lanzetta, Michael Larsen, Caroline Laugesen, Daniel Lavinsky, Olivier Lebreton, Seong Lee, Jaime Levy, Blandina Lipkova, Mimi Liu, Judy Liu, Chris P Lohmann, Nikolas London, Katrin Lorenz, Andrew Lotery, David Lozano Rechy, Silvio Lujan, Patrick Ma, Takatoshi Maeno, Sajjad Mahmood, Fuad Makkouk, Khurram Malik, Dennis Marcus, Alan Margherio, Leonardo Mastropasqua, Raj Maturi, Frank McCabe, Martin McKibbin, Hemal Mehta, Geeta Menon, Jale Mentes, Katarzyna Michalska-Malecka, Aneta Misheva, Yoshinori Mitamura, Paul Mitchell, Yasha Modi, Quresh Mohamed, Javier Montero, Jeffrey Moore, Virgilio Morales Canton, Haia Morori-Katz, Tatiana Morugova, Tomoaki Murakami, Maria Muzyka-Wozniak, Marco Nardi, Jan Nemcansky, Kamila Nester-Ostrowska, Julio Neto, Charles Newell, Massimo Nicolo, Jared Nielsen, Kousuke Noda, Akira Obana, Nahoko Ogata, Hideyasu Oh, Kean Oh, Matthew Ohr, Piotr Oleksy, Scott Oliver, Sebastien Olivier, James Osher, Sehnaz Ozcalişkan, Banu Ozturk, Andras Papp, Kyu Hyung Park, D Wilkin Parke, Maria Cristina Parravano, Sugat Patel, Sunil Patel, Ian Pearce, Joel Pearlman, Fernando Penha, Irfan Perente, Stephen Perkins, Grazia Pertile, Iva Petkova, Tunde Peto, Dante Pieramici, Andreas Pollreisz, Pear Pongsachareonnont, Nadezhda Pozdeyeva, Siegfried Priglinger, Jawad Qureshi, Dorota Raczynska, Rajesh Rajagopalan, Juan Ramirez Estudillo, Paul Raskauskas, Rajiv Rathod, Hessam Razavi, Carl Regillo, Federico Ricci, Soraya Rofagha, Dominika Romanczak, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Daniel Rosberger, Irit Rosenblatt, Brett Rosenblatt, Adam Ross, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, Jose Maria Ruiz Moreno, Gustavo Salomão, Sukhpal Sandhu, Dirk Sandner, Laura Sararols, Osamu Sawada, Ramin Schadlu, Patricio Schlottmann, Claudia Schuart, Berthold Seitz, András Seres, Figen Sermet, Sandeep Shah, Ankur Shah, Rohan Shah, Sumit Sharma, Thomas Sheidow, Veeral Sheth, Akito Shimouchi, Masahiko Shimura, Bartosz Sikorski, Rufino Silva, Michael Singer, Lawrence Singerman, Rishi Singh, Eric Souied, David J Spinak, Georg Spital, Nathan Steinle, Jeffrey Stern, Glenn Stoller, Robert Stoltz, Cameron Stone, Amy Stone, Eric Suan, Masahiko Sugimoto, Iichiro Sugita, Jennifer Sun, Xiaodong Sun, Ivan Suner, Lajos Szalczer, Timea Szecsko, Ali Tabassian, Hitoshi Takagi, Kei Takayama, Alexandre Taleb, James Talks, Gavin Tan, Teruyo Tanabe, Stanford Taylor, Allen Thach, John Thompson, Paul Tlucek, Robert Torti, Daniela Tosheva Guneva, Edit Toth-Molnar, Eduardo Uchiyama, Attila Vajas, Deepali Varma, Balazs Varsanyi, Petja Vassileva, Sara Vaz-Pereira, Miroslav Veith, Jose Ignacio Vela, Francesco Viola, Gianni Virgili, Gábor Vogt, Henrik Vorum, Pamela Weber, Thoalf Wecke, Raymond Wee, Martin Weger, Paul Weishaar, Sanjeewa Wickremasinghe, Thomas Reginald Williams, Thomas Williams, Geoff Williams, Armin Wolf, Jeremy Wolfe, James Wong, David Wong, Ian Wong, Robert Wong, Bogumil Wowra, Edward Wylęgała, Chang-Hao Yang, Tsutomu Yasukawa, Paul Yates, Gursel Yilmaz, Glenn Yiu, Young Hee Yoon, Barak Yoreh, Shigeo Yoshida, Hyeong Gon Yu, Seung Young Yu, Tatiana Yurieva, Leandro Zacharias, Karolina Zaczek Zakrzewska, Alberto Zambrano, Barbara Zatorska, Carlos Zeolite, and Jeffrey Zheutlin

Subjects
Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Diabetic Retinopathy, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Drug Administration Schedule, Angiopoietin-2, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Antibodies, Bispecific, Intravitreal Injections, Edema, Humans, Female, Macula Lutea, Aged
Abstract

To reduce treatment burden and optimise patient outcomes in diabetic macular oedema, we present 1-year results from two phase 3 trials of faricimab, a novel angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A bispecific antibody.YOSEMITE and RHINE were randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority trials across 353 sites worldwide. Adults with vision loss due to centre-involving diabetic macular oedema were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to intravitreal faricimab 6·0 mg every 8 weeks, faricimab 6·0 mg per personalised treatment interval (PTI), or aflibercept 2·0 mg every 8 weeks up to week 100. PTI dosing intervals were extended, maintained, or reduced (every 4 weeks up to every 16 weeks) based on disease activity at active dosing visits. The primary endpoint was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity at 1 year, averaged over weeks 48, 52, and 56. Efficacy analyses included the intention-to-treat population (non-inferiority margin 4 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters); safety analyses included patients with at least one dose of study treatment. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (YOSEMITE NCT03622580 and RHINE NCT03622593).3247 patients were screened for eligibility in YOSEMITE (n=1532) and RHINE (n=1715). After exclusions, 940 patients were enrolled into YOSEMITE between Sept 5, 2018, and Sept 19, 2019, and 951 patients were enrolled into RHINE between Oct 9, 2018, and Sept 20, 2019. These 1891 patients were randomly assigned to faricimab every 8 weeks (YOSEMITE n=315, RHINE n=317), faricimab PTI (n=313, n=319), or aflibercept every 8 weeks (n=312, n=315). Non-inferiority for the primary endpoint was achieved with faricimab every 8 weeks (adjusted mean vs aflibercept every 8 weeks in YOSEMITE 10·7 ETDRS letters [97·52% CI 9·4 to 12·0] vs 10·9 ETDRS letters [9·6 to 12·2], difference -0·2 ETDRS letters [-2·0 to 1·6]; RHINE 11·8 ETDRS letters [10·6 to 13·0] vs 10·3 ETDRS letters [9·1 to 11·4] letters, difference 1·5 ETDRS letters [-0·1 to 3·2]) and faricimab PTI (YOSEMITE 11·6 ETDRS letters [10·3 to 12·9], difference 0·7 ETDRS letters [-1·1 to 2·5]; RHINE 10·8 ETDRS letters [9·6 to 11·9], difference 0·5 ETDRS letters [-1·1 to 2·1]). Incidence of ocular adverse events was comparable between faricimab every 8 weeks (YOSEMITE n=98 [31%], RHINE n=137 [43%]), faricimab PTI (n=106 [34%], n=119 [37%]), and aflibercept every 8 weeks (n=102 [33%], n=113 [36%]).Robust vision gains and anatomical improvements with faricimab were achieved with adjustable dosing up to every 16 weeks, demonstrating the potential for faricimab to extend the durability of treatment for patients with diabetic macular oedema.F Hoffmann-La Roche.

Published
2022
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19. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials

Author

Jeffrey S Heier, Arshad M Khanani, Carlos Quezada Ruiz, Karen Basu, Philip J Ferrone, Christopher Brittain, Marta S Figueroa, Hugh Lin, Frank G Holz, Vaibhavi Patel, Timothy Y Y Lai, David Silverman, Carl Regillo, Balakumar Swaminathan, Francesco Viola, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Tien Y Wong, Ashkan Abbey, Elmira Abdulaeva, Prema Abraham, Alfredo Adan Civera, Hansjurgen Agostini, Arturo Alezzandrini, Virgil Alfaro, Arghavan Almony, Lebriz Altay, Payam Amini, Andrew Antoszyk, Etelka Aradi, Luis Arias, Jennifer Arnold, Riaz Asaria, Sergei Astakhov, Yury Astakhov, Carl C. Awh, Chandra Balaratnasingam, Sanjiv Banerjee, Caroline Baumal, Matthias Becker, Rubens Belfort, Galina Bratko, William Jr. Z Bridges, Jamin Brown, David M. Brown, Maria Budzinskaya, Sylvia Buffet, Stuart Burgess, Iksoo Byon, Carlo Cagini, Jorge Calzada, Stone Cameron, Peter Campochiaro, John Carlson, Angela Carneiro, Clement Chan, Emmanuel Chang, Andrew Chang, Daniel Chao, Nauman Chaudhry, Caroline Chee, Andrew Cheek, Shih-Jen Chen, San-Ni Chen, Gemmy Cheung, Saradha Chexal, Mark Chittum, David Chow, Abosede Cole, Brian Connolly, Pierre Loic Cornut, Stephen Couvillion, Carl Danzig, Vesselin Daskalov, Amr Dessouki, Francois Devin, Michael Dollin, Rosa Dolz, Louise Downey, Richard Dreyer, Pravin Dugel, David Eichenbaum, Bora Eldem, Robert Engstrom, Joan Josep Escobar, Nicole Eter, David W. Faber, Naomi Falk, Leonard Feiner, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Philip Ferrone, Marta Figueroa, Howard Fine, Mitchell Fineman, Gregory M. Fox, Catherine Francais, Pablo Franco, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Nicholas Fung, Federico Furno Sola, Richard Gale, Alfredo Garcia-Layana, Julie Gasperini, Maciej Gawecki, Faruque Ghanchi, Manjot Gill, Michel Giunta, David Glaser, Michaella Goldstein, Francisco Gomez Ulla, Fumi Gomi, Victor Gonzalez, Jordan Graff, Sunil Gupta, Rainer Guthoff, Robyn Guymer, Anton Haas, Robert Hampton, Katja Hatz, Ken Hayashi, Jeffrey Heier, Ewa Herba, Vrinda Hershberger, Patrick Higgins, Nancy Holekamp, Shigeru Honda, James Howard, Allen Hu, Stephen Huddleston, Tomohiro Iida, Hiroko Imaizumi, Yasuo Ito, Yasuki Ito, Sujit Itty, Golnaz Javey, Cameron Javid, Tatsushi Kaga, Jakub Kaluzny, Se Woong Kang, Kapil Kapoor, Levent Karabas, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Patrick Kelty, Agnes Kerenyi, Arshad Khanani, Ramin Khoramnia, Rahul Khurana, Kazuhiro Kimura, Kendra Klein-Mascia, Namie Kobayashi, Laurent Kodjikian, Hideki Koizumi, Gregg Kokame, Alexey Kulikov, Henry Kwong, Robert Kwun, Timothy Lai, Chi-Chun Lai, Laurent Lalonde, Paolo Lanzetta, Michael Larsen, Adrian Lavina, Won Ki Lee, ji Eun Lee, Seong Lee, Jaime Levy, Lucas Lindsell, Mimi Liu, Nikolas London, Andrew Lotery, David Lozano Rechy, Alan Luckie, David Maberley, Takatoshi Maeno, Sajjad Mahmood, Fuad Makkouk, Dennis Marcus, Alan Margherio, Helene Masse, Hisashi Matsubara, Raj Maturi, Sonia Mehta, Geeta Menon, Jale Mentes, Mark Michels, Yoshinori Mitamura, Paul Mitchell, Quresh Mohamed, Jordi Mones, Rodrigo Montemayor Lobo, Javier Montero, Jeffrey Moore, Ryusaburo Mori, Haia Morori-Katz, Raj Mukherjee, Toshinori Murata, Maria Muzyka-Wozniak, Marco Nardi, Niro Narendran, Massimo Nicolo, Jared Nielsen, Tetsuya Nishimura, Kousuke Noda, Anna Nowinska, Hideyasu Oh, Matthew Ohr, Annabelle Okada, Piotr Oleksy, Shinji Ono, Sengul Ozdek, Banu Ozturk, Luis Pablo, Kyu Hyung Park, D. Wilki Parke, Maria Cristina Parravano, Praveen Patel, Apurva Patel, Sunil Patel, Sugat Patel, Daniel Pauleikhoff, Ian Pearce, Joel Pearlman, Iva Petkova, Dante Pieramici, Nadezhda Pozdeyeva, Jawad Qureshi, Dorota Raczynska, Juan Ramirez Estudillo, Rajiv Rathod, Hessam Razavi, Gayatri Reilly, Federico Ricci, Ryan Rich, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Irit Rosenblatt, Jose Maria Ruiz Moreno, Stefan Sacu, Habiba Saedon, Usman Saeed, Min Sagong, Taiji Sakamoto, Sukhpal Sandhu, Laura Sararols, Mario Saravia, Ramin Schadlu, Patricio Schlottmann, Tetsuju Sekiryu, András Seres, Figen Sermet, Sumit Shah, Rohan Shah, Ankur Shah, Thomas Sheidow, Veeral Sheth, Chieko Shiragami, Bartosz Sikorski, Rufino Silva, Lawrence Singerman, Robert Sisk, Torben L. Sørensen, Eric Souied, David-J Spinak, Giovanni Staurenghi, Robert Steinmetz, Glenn Stoller, Robert Stoltz, Eric Suan, Ivan Suner, Yzer Suzanne, Ramin Tadayoni, Kanji Takahashi, Kei Takayama, Alexandre Taleb, James Talks, Hiroko Terasaki, John Thompson, Edit Toth-Molnar, Khoi Tran, Raman Tuli, Eduardo Uchiyama, Attila Vajas, Janneke Van Lith-Verhoeven, Balazs Varsanyi, Gianni Virgili, Gábor Vogt, Michael Völker, David Warrow, Pamela Weber, John A. Wells, Sanjeewa Wickremasinghe, Mark Wieland, Geoff Williams, Thomas Williams, David Wong, King Wong, James Wong, Ian Wong, Robert Wong, Bogumil Wowra, Charles C. Wykoff, Ayana Yamashita, Kanako Yasuda, Gursel Yilmaz, Glenn Yiu, Ai Yoneda, Young Hee Yoon, Barak Yoreh, HyeongGon Yu, Seung Young Yu, Tatiana Yurieva, Alberto Zambrano, Barbara Zatorska, and Carlos Zeolite

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, General Medicine, Drug Administration Schedule, Angiopoietin-2, Macular Degeneration, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Antibodies, Bispecific, Intravitreal Injections, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that acts through dual inhibition of both angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor A. We report primary results of two phase 3 trials evaluating intravitreal faricimab with extension up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).TENAYA and LUCERNE were randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority trials across 271 sites worldwide. Treatment-naive patients with nAMD aged 50 years or older were randomly assigned (1:1) to intravitreal faricimab 6·0 mg up to every 16 weeks, based on protocol-defined disease activity assessments at weeks 20 and 24, or aflibercept 2·0 mg every 8 weeks. Randomisation was performed through an interactive voice or web-based response system using a stratified permuted block randomisation method. Patients, investigators, those assessing outcomes, and the funder were masked to group assignments. The primary endpoint was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline averaged over weeks 40, 44, and 48 (prespecified non-inferiority margin of four letters), in the intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses included patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (TENAYA NCT03823287 and LUCERNE NCT03823300).Across the two trials, 1329 patients were randomly assigned between Feb 19 and Nov 19, 2019 (TENAYA n=334 faricimab and n=337 aflibercept), and between March 11 and Nov 1, 2019 (LUCERNE n=331 faricimab and n=327 aflibercept). BCVA change from baseline with faricimab was non-inferior to aflibercept in both TENAYA (adjusted mean change 5·8 letters [95% CI 4·6 to 7·1] and 5·1 letters [3·9 to 6·4]; treatment difference 0·7 letters [-1·1 to 2·5]) and LUCERNE (6·6 letters [5·3 to 7·8] and 6·6 letters [5·3 to 7·8]; treatment difference 0·0 letters [-1·7 to 1·8]). Rates of ocular adverse events were comparable between faricimab and aflibercept (TENAYA n=121 [36·3%] vs n=128 [38·1%], and LUCERNE n=133 [40·2%] vs n=118 [36·2%]).Visual benefits with faricimab given at up to 16-week intervals demonstrates its potential to meaningfully extend the time between treatments with sustained efficacy, thereby reducing treatment burden in patients with nAMD.F Hoffmann-La Roche.

Published
2022
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20. Design and development of a disease-specific clinical database system to increase the availability of hospital data in China

Author

Mimi Liu, Jinni Luo, Lin Li, Xuemei Pan, Shuyan Tan, Weidong Ji, Hongzheng Zhang, Shengsheng Tang, Jingjing Liu, Bin Wu, Zebin Chen, Xiaoying Wu, and Yi Zhou

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Purpose In order to meet restrictions and difficulties in the development of hospital medical informatization and clinical databases in China, in this study, a disease-specific clinical database system (DSCDS) was designed and built. It provides support for the full utilization of real world medical big data in clinical research and medical services for specific diseases. Methods The development of DSCDS involved (1) requirements analysis on precision medicine, medical big data, and clinical research; (2) design schematics and basic architecture; (3) standard datasets of specific diseases consisting of common data elements (CDEs); (4) collection and aggregation of specific disease data scattered in various medical business systems of the hospital; (5) governance and quality improvement of specific disease data; (6) data storage and computing; and (7) design of data application modules. Results A DSCDS for liver cirrhosis was created in the gastrointestinal department of a 3A grade hospital in China and had more than nine data application modules. Based on this DSCDS, a series of clinical studies are being carried out, such as retrospective or prospective cohorts, prognostic studies using multimodal data, and follow-up studies. Conclusion The development of the DSCDS for liver cirrhosis in this paper provides experience and reference for the design and development of DSCDSs for other specific diseases in China; it can even expand to the development of DSCDSs in other countries if they have the demand for DSCDS and the same or better medical informatization foundation. DSCDS has more accurate, standard, comprehensive, multimodal and usable data of specific diseases than the general clinical database system and clinical data repository (CDR) and provides a credible data foundation for medical research, clinical decision-making and improving the medical service quality of specific diseases.

Published
2023
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21. Impacts of Asynchronous Reception on Cell-Free Distributed Massive MIMO Systems

Author

Pengcheng Zhu, Jiamin Li, Xiaohu You, Dongming Wang, and Mimi Liu

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, MIMO, Aerospace Engineering, Spectral efficiency, Precoding, Subcarrier, Channel state information, Asynchronous communication, Automotive Engineering, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Computer Science::Information Theory, Communication channel
Abstract

Multiple remote antenna units (RAUs) cooperate to serve a certain user in cell-free distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Due to the different distances between each RAU and the user, asynchronous reception effects will occur. This paper studies the impacts of asynchronous reception effects on cell-free distributed massive MIMO systems. We first derive the minimum-mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimation under the asynchronous reception effects. Given the estimated channel state information, we derive the closed-form expressions of the user achievable rates with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoders, which are further used to analyze the impacts of asynchronous reception effects. The accuracy of the closed-form expressions are verified. Simulation results demonstrate that asynchronous reception effects cause a non-negligible drop on the system spectral efficiency. Moreover, the performance degradation is proportional to the subcarrier sequence number and even more serious with the increasing of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the number of antennas per RAU.

Published
2021
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22. Preliminary assessment of the safety and effectiveness of Artificial Iris implantation in China

Author

Siyi Wang, Mimi Liu, Xile Li, Chaoxiang Ge, Wei Chen, and Zhenquan Zhao

Abstract

Purpose: The study is to preliminary explore the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation in China.Methods: 14 patients with iris defects who underwent artificial iris implantation at Hainan Boao Super Hospital from June 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and effectiveness of the surgery by comparing the preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), patient satisfaction of photophobia and appearance improvement, and postoperative complicationsResults: The mean age was 37.21±14.85 (7-60) years, including 13 males and 1 female. The mean follow-up period was 4.64±2.32 (1-10) months. The mean BCVA was 0.69±0.65 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) preoperatively and 0.46±0.60 logMAR at the last follow-up time (P=0.36); there was no significant differences in the IOP preoperative and postoperative (14.14±3.10mmHg and 13.65±3.08mmHg, respectively, P=0.69); the preoperative ECD was 1674.09±566.11 per 1 mm2, and the postoperative ECD was 1439.45±425.15 per 1 mm2 (P=0.21). No obvious corneal opacity or corneal decompensation was observed in all patients. The preoperative and postoperative photophobia scores were 8.50±1.55 and 4.50±1.94, respectively (P＜0.01), and the preoperative and postoperative appearance defect scores were 6.58±2.98 and 2.75±1.69,respectively (P＜0.01). Among the 14 patients, 1 had artificial iris displacement. 2 had a transient IOP rise after treatment of antiglaucomatous eyedrops. No complications were observed during surgery.Conclusions: Our study is the first on the application of artificial iris in China. The novel artificial iris material is safe, which can significantly improve the appearance defects and photophobia, improve the postoperative visual acuity to a certain extent. This surgery had a high patient satisfaction rate with few and controllable postoperative complications. At the same time, the artificial iris, with its diverse configurations, variable colors, arbitrary cutting, and various surgical procedures, fully realizes personalized treatment, which solves the clinical problem of iris defect.

Published
2022
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23. Stand-Alone CuFeSe

Author

Mimi, Liu, Daniela R, Radu, Gurpreet Singh, Selopal, Saiphaneendra, Bachu, and Cheng-Yu, Lai

Subjects
photothermal therapeutic efficacy, cytotoxicity, CuFeSe2 nanosheets, doxorubicin, Article
Abstract

Two-dimensional CuFeSe2 nanosheets have been successfully obtained via solution-phase synthesis using a sacrificial template method. The high purity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and the two-dimensional morphology was validated by transmission electron microscopy. The intense absorption in the 400–1400 nm region has been the basis for the CuFeSe2 nanosheets’ photothermal capabilities testing. The colloidal CuFeSe2 (CFS) nanosheets capped with S2− short ligands (CFS-S) exhibit excellent biocompatibility in cell culture studies and strong photothermal effects upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The nanosheets were further loaded with the cancer drug doxorubicin and exposed to laser irradiation, which accelerated the release of doxorubicin, achieving synergy in the therapeutic effect.

Published
2021

24. A novel H1.6Mn1.6O4/reduced graphene oxide composite film for selective electrochemical capturing lithium ions with low concentration

Author

Mimi Liu, Fengfeng Gao, Qiang Wang, Abuliti Abudula, Xiao Du, Guoqing Guan, Xiaogang Hao, Keyong Tang, and Feifan Liu

Subjects
Aqueous solution, Materials science, Ion exchange, Graphene, Inorganic chemistry, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Ion, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, law, Selective adsorption, Lithium, 0204 chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

A novel lithium ion separation composite film consisting of H1.6Mn1.6O4 nanoparticle and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is successfully fabricated by using vacuum filtration. Based on the great selective adsorption for lithium ions of H1.6Mn1.6O4 and good conductivity of rGO, the H1.6Mn1.6O4/rGO composite film is applied for selective electrochemical extraction of low concentration lithium ions from aqueous solutions using an electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) technique. As a result, the lithium ion adsorption capacity of the H1.6Mn1.6O4/rGO composite film reaches 38.78 mg·g−1 with an adsorption equilibrium time of 5 h. The lithium ion adsorption capacity of the H1.6Mn1.6O4/rGO composite film still retain 99% comparing with the initial value after 5 cycles. In particular, the selectivity factors for Li+/Na+ and Li+/Mg2+ reach 10.39 and 10.23 when the initial molar ratios of Li+/Na+ and Li+/Mg2+ are 1:1. This composite film could be applied for the extracting of low concentration lithium ions in future.

Published
2019
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25. A novel potential oscillation in situ removal method: preparation of ion imprinted 8-HQ/PPy film for the selective separation of zinc ions

Author

Xiao Du, Jinhua Luo, Lutong Chang, Qiang Wang, Mimi Liu, Xiaogang Hao, Feifan Liu, and Fengfeng Gao

Subjects
Materials science, Aqueous solution, Ion exchange, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Inorganic chemistry, Substrate (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Zinc, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrochemistry, Polypyrrole, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The zinc ion–imprinted 8-hydroxyquinoline/polypyrrole (8-HQ/PPy) composite film is successfully prepared by using the unipolar pulse electropolymerization (UPEP) method on the carbon cloth substrate. Based on the electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) method, the ion-imprinted film is used to selectively separate zinc ions in the aqueous solution. The zinc ion adsorption kinetics is studied in a batch experiment due to the specific recognition of the ion-imprinted composite film toward zinc ion. The kinetics data of zinc ion adsorption by the imprinted composite film fits well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. As a result, when the adsorption potential and initial concentration are − 1.2 V and 25 ppm, respectively, the ion exchange capacity of the imprinted composite film for zinc ions reaches 145.6 mg g−1. In addition, the separation factor (α) are 2.6 and 2.3 of the imprinted composite film for Zn2+ compared with Co2+ and Ni2+, which is attributed to the specific recognition ability of the imprinted composite film for zinc ions. It is expected that the imprinted composite film prepared by the described method can be used for the separation target metal ions.

Published
2019
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26. Natural History of Drusenoid Pigment Epithelial Detachment Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author

Jeannette J. Yu, Elvira Agrón, Traci E. Clemons, Amitha Domalpally, Freekje van Asten, Tiarnan D. Keenan, Catherine Cukras, Emily Y. Chew, Frederick L. Ferris, John Paul SanGiovanni, Traci Clemons, Anne Lindblad, Robert Lindblad, Nilay Shah, Robert Sperduto, Wendy McBee, Gary Gensler, Molly Harrington, Alice Henning, Katrina Jones, Kumar Thotapally, Diana Tull, Valerie Watson, Kayla Williams, Christina Gentry, Francine Kaufman, Chris Morrison, Elizabeth Saverino, Sherrie Schenning, Barbara Blodi, Ronald P. Danis, Matthew Davis, Kathy Glander, Gregory Guilfoil, Larry D. Hubbard, Kristine Johnson, Ronald Klein, Barbara Nardi, Michael Neider, Nancy Robinson, Eileen Rosensteel, Hugh Wabers, Grace Zhang, Alan J. Ruby, Antonio Capone, Bawa Dass, Kimberly Drenser, Bruce R. Garretson, Tarek S. Hassan, Michael Trese, George A. Williams, Jeremy Wolfe, Tina Bell, Mary Zajechowski, Dennis Bezaire, Fran McIver, Anthony Medina, Jackie Pagett, Stephanie Hatch Smith, Lynn Swartz, Tom Treuter, Andrew Antoszyk, Justin Brown, David J. Browning, Walter Holland, Angella Karow, Kelly Stalford, Angela Price, Sarah Ennis, Sherry Fredenberg, Jenna Herby, Uma Balasubramaniam, Loraine Clark, Donna McClain, Michael McOwen, Lynn Watson, Michael Klein, Steven T. Bailey, Thomas J. Hwang, Andreas Lauer, J. Timothy Stout, Patty McCollum, Milt Johnson, Patrick B. Rice, Ivana Kim, John Loewenstein, Joan Miller, Lucia Sobrin, Lucy Young, Jacqueline Sullivan, Patricia Houlihan, Linda Merry, Ann Marie Lane, Ursula Lord Bator, Claudia Evans, Sarah Brett, Charleen Callahan, Marcia Grillo, David Walsh, Kamella Lau Zimmerman, Gary Edd Fish, Rajiv Anand, Lori E. Coors, Dwain G. Fuller, Rand Spencer, Robert C. Wang, Karen Duignan, Sally Arceneaux, Hank Aguado, Nicholas Hesse, Michael Mackens, Brian Swan, Wai T. Wong, Monica Dalal, Naima Jacobs-El, Catherine Meyerle, Benjamin Nicholson, Henry Wiley, Katherine Hall Shimel, Angel Garced, Janice Oparah, Greg Short, Alana Temple, Babilonia Ayukawa, Guy Foster, Darryl Hayes, Dessie Koutsandreas, Roula Nashwinter, John Rowan, Michael Bono, Denise Cunningham, Marilois Palmer, Alicia Zetina, David H. Orth, Kourous Rezaei, Joseph Civantos, Sohail Hasan, Kirk Packo, Celeste Figliulo, Pam Stanberry, Tara Farmer, Kiersten Nelson, Shannya Townsend-Patrick, Philip Rosenfeld, Royce Chen, Rishi Doshi, Sander Dubovy, Brian T. Kim, Matthew Lowrance, Andrew Moshfeghi, Zayna Nahas, Gary Schienbaum, John Vishak, Christina Weng, Zohar Yehoshua, Belen Rodriguez, Jose Rebimbas, Jane Gleichauf, Mike Kicak, Jason Mena, Tim Odem, Elizabeth Sferza-Camp, Alicia Disgdiertt, Jim Oramas, Isabel Rams, Stephanie Thatcher, Susan B. Bressler, Neil M. Bressler, Daniel Finkelstein, Steven H. Sherman, Sharon Solomon, Howard S. Ying, Rita Denbow, Deborah Phillips, Elizabeth Radcliffe, Judy Belt, Dennis Cain, David Emmert, Mark Herring, Jacquelyn McDonald, G. Baker Hubbard, Chris S. Bergstrom, Blaine Cribbs, Andrew Hendrick, Brandon Johnson, Philip Laird, Sonia Mehta, Timothy Olsen, Justin Townsend, Jion Yan, Steven Yeh, Linda Curtis, Judy Brower, Hannah Yi, Jannah Rutter Dobbs, Debbie Jordan, Michael J. Elman, Robert A. Liss, JoAnn Starr, Jennifer Belz, Charlene Putzulo, Teresa Coffey, Ashley Davis, Pamela Singletary, Giorya Shabi Andreani, Theresa Cain, Daniel Ketner, Peter Sotirakos, Suresh Chandra, Barbara A. Blodi, Michael M. Altaweel, Justin L. Gottlieb, Michael Ip, T. Michael Nork, Thomas S. Stevens, Kathryn Burke, Shelly Olson, Kristine Dietzman, Barbara Soderling, Guy Somers, Angie Wealti, Denise Krolnik, John Peterson, Sandra Reed, Thomas Friberg, Andrew Eller, Denise Gallagher, Leanne Labriola, Melissa Pokrifka, Aron Gedansky, Natalie Anthony, Cassandra Grzybowski, Dawn Matthews, Sharon Murajda-Jumba, Jessica Toro, David G. Callanan, Wayne A. Solley, Patrick Williams, Sandy Lash, Bob Boleman, Chris Dock, Michel Shami, Brenda Arrington, Ashaki Meeks, Alan R. Margherio, Paul Raphaelian, Debra Markus, Justin Langdon, Elizabeth Truax, Sandy Lewis, Brad Terry, Amy Noffke, Kean Oh, Ramin Sarrafizadeh, Scott Sneed, Julie Hammersley, Serena Neal, Mary Doran, Nan Jones, Lisa Preston, Heather Jessick, Tanya Tracy Marsh, Michael Tolentino, Adam Berger, Richard Hamilton, David Misch, Suk Jin Moon, Dawn Sutherland, Vera Dilts, Sara Henderson, Esmeralda Medina, Donald Trueman, Laura Holm, Jason Strickland, Darmakusuma Ie, Jeffrey L. Lipkowitz, Kekul B. Shah, Susan Geraghty, Beverly Sannazzaro, Morgan Harper, Krista Bayer, Mary B. Lansing, Lauren B. Fox, Rebecca Lee, Jay B. Stallman, Michael Jacobson, Sean Koh, Scott Lampert, John Miller, Mark Rivellese, Atul Sharma, Robert A. Stoltz, Stephanie Vanderveldt, Leslie Marcus, Starr Hendricks, Ryan Hollman, Grethel Betanzos, Leslie Ellorin, Shelly Fulbright, Debbie McCormick, Paul A. Edwards, Julianne Hall, Mary Monk, Melanie Gutkowski, Melina Mazurek, Janet Murphy, Katherine Gusas, Crystal Moffett, David Burley, Nicole Chesney, Katie Kilgo, Brian Rusinek, Bradley Stern, Tracy Troszak, Rhonda Baker-Levingston, Carl W. Baker, Tracey Caldwell, Tammy Walker, Lynnette F. Lambert, Tracey Martin, Mary Jill Palmer, Tana Williams, Michael A. Novak, Joseph Coney, David G. Miller, Scott Pendergast, Lawrence Singerman, Nicholas Zakov, Hernando Zegarra, Kim DuBois, Susan Rath, Lori Revella, Tammy Brink, Kim Drury, Lisa Hogue, Mary Ilc, Connie Keller, Elizabeth McNamara, Vivian Tanner, Tamara Cunningham, John DuBois, Gregg Greanoff, Trina Nitzsche, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Ricky D. Isernhagen, John W. Kitchens, Thomas W. Stone, William J. Wood, Diana Holcomb, Virginia Therrien, Michelle Buck, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Edward Slade, Todd E. Schneiderman, David J. Spinak, Jackie Gaedke, Heather Davis Brown, Dan Helgren, Jenifer Garrison Pangelinan, Lawrence Halperin, Scott Anagnoste, Mandeep Dhalla, Krista Rosenberg, Barry Taney, W. Scott Thompson, Jaclyn Lopez, Monica Hamlin, Monica Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Evelyn Quinchia, Patricia Aramayo, Rita Veksler, Michael Lee, Richard Dreyer, Irvin Handelman, Colin Ma, Mark Peters, Stephen Hobbs, Amanda Milliron, Marcia Kopfer, Michele Connaughton, A. Christine Hoerner, R. Joseph Logan, Harry J. Wohlsein, David Boyer, Thomas G. Chu, Pouya Dayani, David Liao, Roger L. Novack, Firas M. Rahhal, Richard Roe, Homayoun Tabandeh, Janet Bayramyan, Tammy Gasparyan, Connie Hoang, Janet Kurokouchi, Tammy Eileen Lo, Richard Ngo, Mary Ann Nguyen, Michael Peyton, Charles Yoon, Julio Sierra, Adam Zamboni, Jeff Kessinger, Eric Protacio, Adam Smucker, Pamela Rath, Robert Bergren, Bernard Doft, Judy Liu, Karl Olsen, Lori Merlotti, Willia Ingram, Kellianne Marfisi, Kimberly Yeckel, Heather Schultz Carmelo, Amanda Fec, Keith McBroom, David Steinberg, Marc Levy, Jody Abrams, Melvin Chen, Waldemar Torres, Peggy Jelemensky, Mark Prybylski, Tara Raphael, Diana Appleby, Charlotte Rodman, Mark Sneath, Robert H. Rosa, Vanessa Hoelscher, Adelia Castano, Jocelyn Parker, John Hoskins, Nicholas Anderson, Joseph Googe, Tod A. McMillan, James Miller, Stephen Perkins, Kristina Oliver, Jennifer Beerbower, Bruce Gilliland, Cecile Hunt, Mike Jacobus, Raul Lince, Christopher Morris, Sarah Oelrich, Jerry Whetstone, Clement K. Chan, Steven Lin, Kim Walther, Tiana Gonzales, Lenise Myers, Kenneth Huff, David M. Brown, Eric Chen, Matthew S. Benz, Richard H. Fish, Rosa Y. Kim, James Major, Tien Pei Wong, Charles Wycoff, Cassandra Cone, Debbie Goates Gilaspia, Nubia Landaverde, Robert Smith, Deneva Zamora, Veronica Sneed, Melina Vela, Eric Kegley, Craig Greven, Shree Kurup, Charles Richards, Madison Slusher, Cara Everhart, Joan Fish, Mark Clark, David Miller, Marshall Tyler, J. Michael Jumper, Arthur D. Fu, Robert N. Johnson, Brandon Lujan, H. Richard McDonald, Rosa Rodriguez, Nina Ansari, Jeanifer Joaquin, Silvia Linares, Lizette Lopez, Jessica Sabio, Sean Grout, Chad Indermill, Yesmin Urias, Roberto Zimmerman, Linda Margulies, Sara J. Schmidt, Joy L. Meier, Sherry L. Hadley, William Rosenthal, Barbara Johnson, Lois Swafford, Richard Shields, R. Scott Varner, Richard Rosen, Ronald Gentile, Melissa Rivas, Katy W. Tai, Wanda Carrasquillo-Boyd, Robert Masini, Glenn Stoller, Ken Carnevale, Diane M. LaRosa, Barbara Burger, Tereza Conway, Carla Del Castillo, Julissa Diaz, Susan Jones, Nina Mondoc, Charlene Balfour, C.H. Vitha, Jennifer Lutz, Barbara McGinley, Fadi El Baba, Ann Marie Lavorna, Renee Jones, Jean Lewis, Ruth Tenzler, Mary Salvas-Mladek, Diane Van Kesteren, W. Copley McLean, W. Zachery Bridges, Cameron Stone, Denise Ammons, Mary Lamy, Andrea Menzel, Lea Doll Raymer, Barbara Campbell, Lisa Hawkins, Leslie Rickman, Lorraine Sherlin, Paula Price, Albert Sinyai, Ronald Kingsley, Reagan H. Bradford, Robert E. Leonard, Sonny Icks, Vanessa Bergman, Brittany Ross, Russ Burris, Amanda Butt, Rob Richmond, Alice Lyon, Manjot Gill, Lee Jampol, Rukhsana Mizra, Zuzanna Rozenbajgier, Jeremy Chapman, Lori Kaminski, Andrea Degillio, Evica Simjanoski, Jeffrey Heier, Hyung Cho, Tina Scheufele Cleary, Darin Goldman, Chirag Shah, Trexler Topping, Marissa Weber, Torsten Wiegand, Jeremy Schindelheim, Joy Bankert, Jennifer Stone, Alison Nowak, Sandy Chong, Lindsay Williams, Steven Bennett, Dennis Donovan, Margaret Graham, Cullen Jones, Anne Fung, Jan-Kristine Bayabo, Razelda Bosch, Esperanza Cruz, Ashley Emerson, Alycia Fleming, Denice Barsness, Jorge Rodriguez, Marina Soboleva, Ingrid U. Scott, Esther Bowie, Kimberly A. Neely, David A. Quillen, Laura Walter, Timothy Bennett, James Strong, John Wells, Lloyd Clark, David Johnson, Peggy Miller, Mallie Taylor, Tiffany Swinford, Robbin Spivey, Michael Banach, Lawrence Ho, Richard Lanning, Thomas R. Pheasant, Jay G. Prensky, Steven Truong, Julia Teatsworth, Michelle Dietrich, Ann Wasilus, Ann Miller, Megan Rakes, Teresa Slagle, Michelle Richards, Patricia Schuessler, Lacy Stover, Paul Beer, Naomi S. Falk, Mary Beth Shannon, Jeannie Olmeda, Don Berdeen, Joseph F. Fisher, James Folk, Stephen Russell, Barbara Taylor, Connie Hinz, Jean Walshire, Heather Stockman, Bruce Critser, Stefani Karakas, Cindy Montague, Randy Verdick, Omesh Gupta, Joseph Maguire, Christopher Brady, Francis Char DeCroos, Michael Dollin, Sunir Garg, Adam Gerstenblith, Julia Haller, Allen C. Ho, Jason Hsu, Richard Kaiser, John Pitcher, Carl Regillo, Rajiv Shah, Marc Spirn, William Tasman, James Vander, Noga Senderowitsch, Michele Formoso, Michelle Markun, Cedric George, Christina Centinaro, Lisa Grande, Stefanie Carey, Elaine Liebenbaum, SriniVas Sadda, Mark Humayun, Rachel Sierra, Elizabeth Corona, Margaret Padilla, Moonseok Nu, Sylvia Ramos, Cullen Barnett, Glenn Currie, Cornelia Gottlieb, Richard Garfinkel, Daniel Berinstein, Marcus Colyer, William Deegan, Michael Min-Shyue Lai, Robert Murphy, Michael Osman, Michael Rivers, Reginald Sanders, Manfred A. von Fricken, Debbie Oliver, Jeanne Kirshon, Tanya Alexander Snowden, Thomas Blondo, Alysia Cronise, Vanessa Denny, Kylie Mendez, Janine Newgen, Justin Davis, Mike Flory, Robert Frantz, Bryan Murphy, Steve Rauch, Judy E. Kim, Jane Bachman, Thomas B. Connor, Dennis P. Han, Kimberly Stepian, David V. Weinberg, William J. Wirostko, Krissa Packard, Tracy Kaczanowski, Vesper Williams, Vicki Barwick, Judy Flanders, Dennis Backes, Joe Beringer, Kristy Keller, Kathy Selchert, Paul Bernstein, Michael Teske, Albert Vitale, Susan Allman, Bonnie Carlstrom, Kimberley Wegner, Anne Haroldsen, Deborah Harrison, Cyrie Fry, James Gilman, Glen Jenkins, Paula Morris, Michael Rauser, Joseph Fan, Mukesh Suthar, Gisela Santiago, Kara Rollins Halsey, Christy Quesada, William Kiernan, Jesse Knabb, Richard Alan Lewis, Cindy Dorenbach, Steven Spencer, Dana Barnett, Joseph Morales, Barron C. Fishburne, Jeffrey G. Gross, Michael A. Magee, Amy Flowers, Angie McDowell, Randall Price, Suber Huang, Johnny Tang, Shawn Wilker, Cherie Hornsby, Lisa Ferguson, Kirk Krogstad, Riva Adamovsky, Peggy Allchin, Kathleen Carlton, Claudia Clow, Kelly Sholtis, Stephanie Burke, Mark Harrod, Stacie Hrvatin, Geoffrey Pankhurst, Nelson R. Sabates, Michael Cassell, Komal Desai, Abraham Poulose, Felix Sabates, Yin Chen, Gary Gallimore, Yolanda Konior, Nicola Kim, Sami Uwaydat, Deborah Troillett, Karen Aletter, Robert N. Frank, Gary Abrams, James Puklin, Asheesh Tewari, Cheryl Milanovic, Melanie Bailey, David Griffith, Dena McDonald, Kit Morehead, Zlatan Sadikovic, Lisa Schillace, Elizabeth Silvis, Brian Joondeph, Nancy Christmas, Alan Kimura, Mimi Liu, Stephen Petty, John Zilis, Jenny Benitez, Cassandra Berryman Catlett, Eric Fluegel, Shane Mowry, Hoang Nguyen, David Reflow, Odette M. Houghton, Seema Garg, Maurice B. Landers, Travis Meredith, Sandy Barnhart, Megha Karmalkar, Debra Cantrell, Rona Lyn Esquejo-Leon, Linda Manor, Sue Pope, David Stines, Amelia Stokely, Dean Hainsworth, Dyann Helming, Debbie Eichelberger, Mary Paige Leaton, Chuck Hamm, Edward Chaum, Alessandro Iannaccone, Barbara Jennings, Tracy Murray, Joe Mastellone, Robert Millay, Brian Kim, Theresa Goddard, Liza Jarrett Beaudette, Nina Changelian-Aitken, Fernando Corrada, Jason Dubuque, Raymond Iezzi, Sophie J. Bakri, Jose S. Pulido, Diane Vogen, Rebecca Nielsen, Karin Berg, Jean Burrington, Shannon Howard, Joan Overend, Zbigniew Krason, Denise Lewison, Thomas Link, Kevin J. Blinder, Nicholas E. Engelbrecht, M. Gilbert Grand, Daniel P. Joseph, Gaurav K. Shah, Bradley Smith, Matthew Thomas, Rhonda Weeks, Lynda Boyd, Dana Gabel, Ron Adelman, John Huang, James Kempton, Aaron Parnes, Jennifer Dupont, Elizabeth Perotti, Victoria Donaldson, Kenneth Fong, Pamela Ossorio, Anita Agarwal, Paul Sternberg, Sandy Owings, Tony Adkins, Elaine Lok, Garvin Munn, Buddy Skellie, Neelakshi Bhagat, Monique S. Roy, Marco Zarbin, Catherine Fay, Michael Lazar, Beth Malpica, Tatiana Mikheyav, Lawrence Ulanski, Jennifer Lim, Marcia Niec, Tametha Johnson, Yesenia Ovando, Catherine Nail Carroll, Mark Janowicz, Steven Schwartz, David Cupp, Michael Gorin, Gad Heilweil, Hamid Hosseini, Jean-Pierre Hubschman, Allan Kreiger, Tara Young McCannel, Carolyn Pan, David Sarraf, Irena Tsui, Joshua Udoetek, Vinad Voleti, Logan Hitchcock, Rosaleen Ostrick, Melissa Chun, Jennie Kageyama, Nilo Davila, Kristin Lipka, Christina Shin, Cynthia Owsley, Michael Albert, Richard Feist, John Mason, Martin Thomley, Angelia Johnson, Tracy Emond, Joanna Hamela, Angela Marsh, Karen Searcey, Kia Rookard, Yu-Guang He, Rafael L. Ufret-Vincenty, Mike Molai, William Anderson, John Horna, Alan Letson, Colleen Cebulla, Susie Chang, Fred Davidorf, Jill Salerno, Laura Sladoje, Christina Stetson, Jeri Perry, Scott Savage, Cynthia Toth, Glenn Jaffe, Stefanie Schuman, Neeru Sarin, Jim Crowell, Tiffanie Keaton, Michael Kelly, Brian Lutman, Marriner Skelly, Lauren Welch, Lawrence Morse, Allan Hunter, Susanna Soon-Chun Park, Cynthia Wallace, Ember Dhillon, Marisa Salvador, Barbara Holderreed, Karishma Chandra, Sashi Kaur, Ellen Redenbo, Smiley Hom, Michael Cooney, Irene Barbazetto, James M. Klancnik, John A. Sorenson, Lawrence Yannuzzi, Maria Scolaro, Eugene Agresta, Nancy Gonzalez, Sandeep Grover, K.V. Chalam, Shailesh Gupta, Christopher Lyons, Wenhua Li, Chirag Patel, Jose Carrion, Henry Ferreyra, Amberly Rodriguez, Iliana Molina, Gabriel Balea, Pam Emory, Marlene Rico, Giorgio Siqueiros, Alexander J. Brucker, Joshua Dunaief, Juan Grunwald, Benjamin Kim, Albert M. Maguire, Brian VanderBeek, Sheri Drossner, Joan DuPont, Rebecca Salvo, Jim Berger, Cheryl Devine, Bill Nyberg, Laurel Weeney, David DiLoreto, Mina Chung, Valerie Davis, Peter MacDowell, George O. Gara, Daniel Castillo, Andrea Czubinski, Melissa Keim, Brandi Hardy, Rachel Grunhaus Hollar, Lynn Schueckler, Alice T. Lyon, Aaron Weinberg, Mira Shiloach, Nicole Pelkofer, Qin Zhou, Laura McPoland, Rajendra Apte, P. Kumar Rao, Sam Pistorius, Jamie Kambarian, Eve Adcock, Sarah Gould, Melanie Quinn, Rhonda Curtis, Amy Frost, Charla Meyer, and Greg Rathert

Subjects
0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, business.industry, Eye disease, Hazard ratio, Age-Related Eye Disease Study, Retrospective cohort study, Fundus (eye), Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, 0302 clinical medicine, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine, sense organs, medicine.symptom, Prospective cohort study, business, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Purpose To investigate the natural history and genetic associations of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study. Participants Of the 4203 Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) participants, 391 eyes (325 participants) had DPED without late AMD at the time of DPED detection. Genetic analyses included 120 white AREDS2 participants and 145 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) participants with DPED. Methods Baseline and annual stereoscopic fundus photographs were graded centrally to detect DPED, a well-defined yellow elevated mound of confluent drusen ≥433 μm in diameter, and to evaluate progression rates to late AMD: geographic atrophy (GA) and neovascular (NV)-AMD. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (CFH [rs10611670], C3 [rs2230199], CFI [rs10033900], C2/CFB [rs114254831], ARMS2 [rs10490924]) and genetic risk score (GRS) group were investigated for association with DPED development. Kaplan–Meier analyses and multivariable proportional hazard regressions were performed. Main Outcome Measures Progression rates to late AMD and decrease of ≥3 lines in visual acuity (VA) from the time of DPED detection; association of rate of DPED development with genotype. Results Mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up time from DPED detection was 4.7 (0.9) years. DPED was associated with increased risk of progression to late AMD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98–2.82; P Conclusions This study replicates the results of previous natural history studies of eyes with DPED including the high rates of progression to late AMD and vision loss (regardless of progression to late AMD). The genetic associations are consistent with genes associated with AMD progression.

Published
2019
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27. Progression of Geographic Atrophy in Age-related Macular Degeneration

Author

Tiarnan D. Keenan, Elvira Agrón, Amitha Domalpally, Traci E. Clemons, Freekje van Asten, Wai T. Wong, Ronald G. Danis, SriniVas Sadda, Philip J. Rosenfeld, Michael L. Klein, Rinki Ratnapriya, Anand Swaroop, Frederick L. Ferris, Emily Y. Chew, John Paul SanGiovanni, Traci Clemons, Anne Lindblad, Robert Lindblad, Nilay Shah, Robert Sperduto, Wendy McBee, Gary Gensler, Molly Harrington, Alice Henning, Katrina Jones, Kumar Thotapally, Diana Tull, Valerie Watson, Kayla Williams, Christina Gentry, Francine Kaufman, Chris Morrison, Elizabeth Saverino, Sherrie Schenning, Barbara Blodi, Ronald P. Danis, Matthew Davis, Kathy Glander, Gregory Guilfoil, Larry D. Hubbard, Kristine Johnson, Ronald Klein, Barbara Nardi, Michael Neider, Nancy Robinson, Eileen Rosensteel, Hugh Wabers, Grace Zhang, Alan J. Ruby, Antonio Capone, Bawa Dass, Kimberly Drenser, Bruce R. Garretson, Tarek S. Hassan, Michael Trese, George A. Williams, Jeremy Wolfe, Tina Bell, Mary Zajechowski, Dennis Bezaire, Fran McIver, Anthony Medina, Jackie Pagett, Stephanie Hatch Smith, Lynn Swartz, Tom Treuter, Andrew Antoszyk, Justin Brown, David J. Browning, Walter Holland, Angella Karow, Kelly Stalford, Angela Price, Sarah Ennis, Sherry Fredenberg, Jenna Herby, Uma Balasubramaniam, Loraine Clark, Donna McClain, Michael McOwen, Lynn Watson, Michael Klein, Steven T. Bailey, Thomas J. Hwang, Andreas Lauer, J. Timothy Stout, Patty McCollum, Milt Johnson, Patrick B. Rice, Ivana Kim, John Loewenstein, Joan Miller, Lucia Sobrin, Lucy Young, Jacqueline Sullivan, Patricia Houlihan, Linda Merry, Ann Marie Lane, Ursula Lord Bator, Claudia Evans, Sarah Brett, Charleen Callahan, Marcia Grillo, David Walsh, Kamella Lau Zimmerman, Gary Edd Fish, Rajiv Anand, Lori E. Coors, Dwain G. Fuller, Rand Spencer, Robert C. Wang, Karen Duignan, Sally Arceneaux, Hank Aguado, Nicholas Hesse, Michael Mackens, Brian Swan, Catherine Cukras, Monica Dalal, Naima Jacobs-El, Catherine Meyerle, Benjamin Nicholson, Henry Wiley, Katherine Hall Shimel, Angel Garced, Janice Oparah, Greg Short, Alana Temple, Babilonia Ayukawa, Guy Foster, Darryl Hayes, Dessie Koutsandreas, Roula Nashwinter, John Rowan, Michael Bono, Denise Cunningham, Marilois Palmer, Alicia Zetina, David H. Orth, Kourous Rezaei, Joseph Civantos, Sohail Hasan, Kirk Packo, Celeste Figliulo, Pam Stanberry, Tara Farmer, Kiersten Nelson, Shannya Townsend-Patrick, Philip Rosenfeld, Royce Chen, Rishi Doshi, Sander Dubovy, Brian T. Kim, Matthew Lowrance, Andrew Moshfeghi, Zayna Nahas, Gary Schienbaum, John Vishak, Christina Weng, Zohar Yehoshua, Belen Rodriguez, Jose Rebimbas, Jane Gleichauf, Mike Kicak, Jason Mena, Tim Odem, Elizabeth Sferza-Camp, Alicia Disgdiertt, Jim Oramas, Isabel Rams, Stephanie Thatcher, Susan B. Bressler, Neil M. Bressler, Daniel Finkelstein, Steven H. Sherman, Sharon Solomon, Howard S. Ying, Rita Denbow, Deborah Phillips, Elizabeth Radcliffe, Judy Belt, Dennis Cain, David Emmert, Mark Herring, Jacquelyn McDonald, G. Baker Hubbard, Chris S. Bergstrom, Blaine Cribbs, Andrew Hendrick, Brandon Johnson, Philip Laird, Sonia Mehta, Timothy Olsen, Justin Townsend, Jion Yan, Steven Yeh, Linda Curtis, Judy Brower, Hannah Yi, Jannah Rutter Dobbs, Debbie Jordan, Michael J. Elman, Robert A. Liss, JoAnn Starr, Jennifer Belz, Charlene Putzulo, Teresa Coffey, Ashley Davis, Pamela Singletary, Giorya Shabi Andreani, Theresa Cain, Daniel Ketner, Peter Sotirakos, Suresh Chandra, Barbara A. Blodi, Michael M. Altaweel, Justin L. Gottlieb, Michael Ip, T. Michael Nork, Thomas S. Stevens, Kathryn Burke, Shelly Olson, Kristine Dietzman, Barbara Soderling, Guy Somers, Angie Wealti, Denise Krolnik, John Peterson, Sandra Reed, Thomas Friberg, Andrew Eller, Denise Gallagher, Leanne Labriola, Melissa Pokrifka, Aron Gedansky, Natalie Anthony, Cassandra Grzybowski, Dawn Matthews, Sharon Murajda-Jumba, Jessica Toro, David G. Callanan, Wayne A. Solley, Patrick Williams, Sandy Lash, Bob Boleman, Chris Dock, Michel Shami, Brenda Arrington, Ashaki Meeks, Alan R. Margherio, Paul Raphaelian, Debra Markus, Justin Langdon, Elizabeth Truax, Sandy Lewis, Brad Terry, Amy Noffke, Kean Oh, Ramin Sarrafizadeh, Scott Sneed, Julie Hammersley, Serena Neal, Mary Doran, Nan Jones, Lisa Preston, Heather Jessick, Tanya Tracy Marsh, Michael Tolentino, Adam Berger, Richard Hamilton, David Misch, Suk Jin Moon, Dawn Sutherland, Vera Dilts, Sara Henderson, Esmeralda Medina, Donald Trueman, Laura Holm, Jason Strickland, Darmakusuma Ie, Jeffrey L. Lipkowitz, Kekul B. Shah, Susan Geraghty, Beverly Sannazzaro, Morgan Harper, Krista Bayer, Mary B. Lansing, Lauren B. Fox, Rebecca Lee, Jay B. Stallman, Michael Jacobson, Sean Koh, Scott Lampert, John Miller, Mark Rivellese, Atul Sharma, Robert A. Stoltz, Stephanie Vanderveldt, Leslie Marcus, Starr Hendricks, Ryan Hollman, Grethel Betanzos, Leslie Ellorin, Shelly Fulbright, Debbie McCormick, Paul A. Edwards, Julianne Hall, Mary Monk, Melanie Gutkowski, Melina Mazurek, Janet Murphy, Katherine Gusas, Crystal Moffett, David Burley, Nicole Chesney, Katie Kilgo, Brian Rusinek, Bradley Stern, Tracy Troszak, Rhonda Baker-Levingston, Carl W. Baker, Tracey Caldwell, Tammy Walker, Lynnette F. Lambert, Tracey Martin, Mary Jill Palmer, Tana Williams, Michael A. Novak, Joseph Coney, David G. Miller, Scott Pendergast, Lawrence Singerman, Nicholas Zakov, Hernando Zegarra, Kim DuBois, Susan Rath, Lori Revella, Tammy Brink, Kim Drury, Lisa Hogue, Mary Ilc, Connie Keller, Elizabeth McNamara, Vivian Tanner, Tamara Cunningham, John DuBois, Gregg Greanoff, Trina Nitzsche, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Ricky D. Isernhagen, John W. Kitchens, Thomas W. Stone, William J. Wood, Diana Holcomb, Virginia Therrien, Michelle Buck, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Edward Slade, Todd E. Schneiderman, David J. Spinak, Jackie Gaedke, Heather Davis Brown, Dan Helgren, Jenifer Garrison Pangelinan, Lawrence Halperin, Scott Anagnoste, Mandeep Dhalla, Krista Rosenberg, Barry Taney, W. Scott Thompson, Jaclyn Lopez, Monica Hamlin, Monica Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Evelyn Quinchia, Patricia Aramayo, Rita Veksler, Michael Lee, Richard Dreyer, Irvin Handelman, Colin Ma, Mark Peters, Stephen Hobbs, Amanda Milliron, Marcia Kopfer, Michele Connaughton, A. Christine Hoerner, R. Joseph Logan, Harry J. Wohlsein, David Boyer, Thomas G. Chu, Pouya Dayani, David Liao, Roger L. Novack, Firas M. Rahhal, Richard Roe, Homayoun Tabandeh, Janet Bayramyan, Tammy Gasparyan, Connie Hoang, Janet Kurokouchi, Tammy Eileen Lo, Richard Ngo, Mary Ann Nguyen, Michael Peyton, Charles Yoon, Julio Sierra, Adam Zamboni, Jeff Kessinger, Eric Protacio, Adam Smucker, Pamela Rath, Robert Bergren, Bernard Doft, Judy Liu, Karl Olsen, Lori Merlotti, Willia Ingram, Kellianne Marfisi, Kimberly Yeckel, Heather Schultz Carmelo, Amanda Fec, Keith McBroom, David Steinberg, Marc Levy, Jody Abrams, Melvin Chen, Waldemar Torres, Peggy Jelemensky, Mark Prybylski, Tara Raphael, Diana Appleby, Charlotte Rodman, Mark Sneath, Robert H. Rosa, Vanessa Hoelscher, Adelia Castano, Jocelyn Parker, John Hoskins, Nicholas Anderson, Joseph Googe, Tod A. McMillan, James Miller, Stephen Perkins, Kristina Oliver, Jennifer Beerbower, Bruce Gilliland, Cecile Hunt, Mike Jacobus, Raul Lince, Christopher Morris, Sarah Oelrich, Jerry Whetstone, Clement K. Chan, Steven Lin, Kim Walther, Tiana Gonzales, Lenise Myers, Kenneth Huff, David M. Brown, Eric Chen, Matthew S. Benz, Richard H. Fish, Rosa Y. Kim, James Major, Tien Pei Wong, Charles Wycoff, Cassandra Cone, Debbie Goates Gilaspia, Nubia Landaverde, Robert Smith, Deneva Zamora, Veronica Sneed, Melina Vela, Eric Kegley, Craig Greven, Shree Kurup, Charles Richards, Madison Slusher, Cara Everhart, Joan Fish, Mark Clark, David Miller, Marshall Tyler, J. Michael Jumper, Arthur D. Fu, Robert N. Johnson, Brandon Lujan, H. Richard McDonald, Rosa Rodriguez, Nina Ansari, Jeanifer Joaquin, Silvia Linares, Lizette Lopez, Jessica Sabio, Sean Grout, Chad Indermill, Yesmin Urias, Roberto Zimmerman, Linda Margulies, Sara J. Schmidt, Joy L. Meier, Sherry L. Hadley, William Rosenthal, Barbara Johnson, Lois Swafford, Richard Shields, R. Scott Varner, Richard Rosen, Ronald Gentile, Melissa Rivas, Katy W. Tai, Wanda Carrasquillo-Boyd, Robert Masini, Glenn Stoller, Ken Carnevale, Diane M. LaRosa, Barbara Burger, Tereza Conway, Carla Del Castillo, Julissa Diaz, Susan Jones, Nina Mondoc, Charlene Balfour, C.H. Vitha, Jennifer Lutz, Barbara McGinley, Fadi El Baba, Ann Marie Lavorna, Renee Jones, Jean Lewis, Ruth Tenzler, Mary Salvas-Mladek, Diane Van Kesteren, W. Copley McLean, W. Zachery Bridges, Cameron Stone, Denise Ammons, Mary Lamy, Andrea Menzel, Lea Doll Raymer, Barbara Campbell, Lisa Hawkins, Leslie Rickman, Lorraine Sherlin, Paula Price, Albert Sinyai, Ronald Kingsley, Reagan H. Bradford, Robert E. Leonard, Sonny Icks, Vanessa Bergman, Brittany Ross, Russ Burris, Amanda Butt, Rob Richmond, Alice Lyon, Manjot Gill, Lee Jampol, Rukhsana Mizra, Zuzanna Rozenbajgier, Jeremy Chapman, Lori Kaminski, Andrea Degillio, Evica Simjanoski, Jeffrey Heier, Hyung Cho, Tina Scheufele Cleary, Darin Goldman, Chirag Shah, Trexler Topping, Marissa Weber, Torsten Wiegand, Jeremy Schindelheim, Joy Bankert, Jennifer Stone, Alison Nowak, Sandy Chong, Lindsay Williams, Steven Bennett, Dennis Donovan, Margaret Graham, Cullen Jones, Anne Fung, Jan-Kristine Bayabo, Razelda Bosch, Esperanza Cruz, Ashley Emerson, Alycia Fleming, Denice Barsness, Jorge Rodriguez, Marina Soboleva, Ingrid U. Scott, Esther Bowie, Kimberly A. Neely, David A. Quillen, Laura Walter, Timothy Bennett, James Strong, John Wells, Lloyd Clark, David Johnson, Peggy Miller, Mallie Taylor, Tiffany Swinford, Robbin Spivey, Michael Banach, Lawrence Ho, Richard Lanning, Thomas R. Pheasant, Jay G. Prensky, Steven Truong, Julia Teatsworth, Michelle Dietrich, Ann Wasilus, Ann Miller, Megan Rakes, Teresa Slagle, Michelle Richards, Patricia Schuessler, Lacy Stover, Paul Beer, Naomi S. Falk, Mary Beth Shannon, Jeannie Olmeda, Don Berdeen, Joseph F. Fisher, James Folk, Stephen Russell, Barbara Taylor, Connie Hinz, Jean Walshire, Heather Stockman, Bruce Critser, Stefani Karakas, Cindy Montague, Randy Verdick, Omesh Gupta, Joseph Maguire, Christopher Brady, Francis Char DeCroos, Michael Dollin, Sunir Garg, Adam Gerstenblith, Julia Haller, Allen C. Ho, Jason Hsu, Richard Kaiser, John Pitcher, Carl Regillo, Rajiv Shah, Marc Spirn, William Tasman, James Vander, Noga Senderowitsch, Michele Formoso, Michelle Markun, Cedric George, Christina Centinaro, Lisa Grande, Stefanie Carey, Elaine Liebenbaum, Mark Humayun, Rachel Sierra, Elizabeth Corona, Margaret Padilla, Moonseok Nu, Sylvia Ramos, Cullen Barnett, Glenn Currie, Cornelia Gottlieb, Richard Garfinkel, Daniel Berinstein, Marcus Colyer, William Deegan, Michael Min-Shyue Lai, Robert Murphy, Michael Osman, Michael Rivers, Reginald Sanders, Manfred A. von Fricken, Debbie Oliver, Jeanne Kirshon, Tanya Alexander Snowden, Thomas Blondo, Alysia Cronise, Vanessa Denny, Kylie Mendez, Janine Newgen, Justin Davis, Mike Flory, Robert Frantz, Bryan Murphy, Steve Rauch, Judy E. Kim, Jane Bachman, Thomas B. Connor, Dennis P. Han, Kimberly Stepian, David V. Weinberg, William J. Wirostko, Krissa Packard, Tracy Kaczanowski, Vesper Williams, Vicki Barwick, Judy Flanders, Dennis Backes, Joe Beringer, Kristy Keller, Kathy Selchert, Paul Bernstein, Michael Teske, Albert Vitale, Susan Allman, Bonnie Carlstrom, Kimberley Wegner, Anne Haroldsen, Deborah Harrison, Cyrie Fry, James Gilman, Glen Jenkins, Paula Morris, Michael Rauser, Joseph Fan, Mukesh Suthar, Gisela Santiago, Kara Rollins Halsey, Christy Quesada, William Kiernan, Jesse Knabb, Richard Alan Lewis, Cindy Dorenbach, Steven Spencer, Dana Barnett, Joseph Morales, Barron C. Fishburne, Jeffrey G. Gross, Michael A. Magee, Amy Flowers, Angie McDowell, Randall Price, Suber Huang, Johnny Tang, Shawn Wilker, Cherie Hornsby, Lisa Ferguson, Kirk Krogstad, Riva Adamovsky, Peggy Allchin, Kathleen Carlton, Claudia Clow, Kelly Sholtis, Stephanie Burke, Mark Harrod, Stacie Hrvatin, Geoffrey Pankhurst, Nelson R. Sabates, Michael Cassell, Komal Desai, Abraham Poulose, Felix Sabates, Yin Chen, Gary Gallimore, Yolanda Konior, Nicola Kim, Sami Uwaydat, Deborah Troillett, Karen Aletter, Robert N. Frank, Gary Abrams, James Puklin, Asheesh Tewari, Cheryl Milanovic, Melanie Bailey, David Griffith, Dena McDonald, Kit Morehead, Zlatan Sadikovic, Lisa Schillace, Elizabeth Silvis, Brian Joondeph, Nancy Christmas, Alan Kimura, Mimi Liu, Stephen Petty, John Zilis, Jenny Benitez, Cassandra Berryman Catlett, Eric Fluegel, Shane Mowry, Hoang Nguyen, David Reflow, Odette M. Houghton, Seema Garg, Maurice B. Landers, Travis Meredith, Sandy Barnhart, Megha Karmalkar, Debra Cantrell, Rona Lyn Esquejo-Leon, Linda Manor, Sue Pope, David Stines, Amelia Stokely, Dean Hainsworth, Dyann Helming, Debbie Eichelberger, Mary Paige Leaton, Chuck Hamm, Edward Chaum, Alessandro Iannaccone, Barbara Jennings, Tracy Murray, Joe Mastellone, Robert Millay, Brian Kim, Theresa Goddard, Liza Jarrett Beaudette, Nina Changelian-Aitken, Fernando Corrada, Jason Dubuque, Raymond Iezzi, Sophie J. Bakri, Jose S. Pulido, Diane Vogen, Rebecca Nielsen, Karin Berg, Jean Burrington, Shannon Howard, Joan Overend, Zbigniew Krason, Denise Lewison, Thomas Link, Kevin J. Blinder, Nicholas E. Engelbrecht, M. Gilbert Grand, Daniel P. Joseph, Gaurav K. Shah, Bradley Smith, Matthew Thomas, Rhonda Weeks, Lynda Boyd, Dana Gabel, Ron Adelman, John Huang, James Kempton, Aaron Parnes, Jennifer Dupont, Elizabeth Perotti, Victoria Donaldson, Kenneth Fong, Pamela Ossorio, Anita Agarwal, Paul Sternberg, Sandy Owings, Tony Adkins, Elaine Lok, Garvin Munn, Buddy Skellie, Neelakshi Bhagat, Monique S. Roy, Marco Zarbin, Catherine Fay, Michael Lazar, Beth Malpica, Tatiana Mikheyav, Lawrence Ulanski, Jennifer Lim, Marcia Niec, Tametha Johnson, Yesenia Ovando, Catherine Nail Carroll, Mark Janowicz, Steven Schwartz, David Cupp, Michael Gorin, Gad Heilweil, Hamid Hosseini, Jean-Pierre Hubschman, Allan Kreiger, Tara Young McCannel, Carolyn Pan, David Sarraf, Irena Tsui, Joshua Udoetek, Vinad Voleti, Logan Hitchcock, Rosaleen Ostrick, Melissa Chun, Jennie Kageyama, Nilo Davila, Kristin Lipka, Christina Shin, Cynthia Owsley, Michael Albert, Richard Feist, John Mason, Martin Thomley, Angelia Johnson, Tracy Emond, Joanna Hamela, Angela Marsh, Karen Searcey, Kia Rookard, Yu-Guang He, Rafael L. Ufret-Vincenty, Mike Molai, William Anderson, John Horna, Alan Letson, Colleen Cebulla, Susie Chang, Fred Davidorf, Jill Salerno, Laura Sladoje, Christina Stetson, Jeri Perry, Scott Savage, Cynthia Toth, Glenn Jaffe, Stefanie Schuman, Neeru Sarin, Jim Crowell, Tiffanie Keaton, Michael Kelly, Brian Lutman, Marriner Skelly, Lauren Welch, Lawrence Morse, Allan Hunter, Susanna Soon-Chun Park, Cynthia Wallace, Ember Dhillon, Marisa Salvador, Barbara Holderreed, Karishma Chandra, Sashi Kaur, Ellen Redenbo, Smiley Hom, Michael Cooney, Irene Barbazetto, James M. Klancnik, John A. Sorenson, Lawrence Yannuzzi, Maria Scolaro, Eugene Agresta, Nancy Gonzalez, Sandeep Grover, K.V. Chalam, Shailesh Gupta, Christopher Lyons, Wenhua Li, Chirag Patel, Jose Carrion, Henry Ferreyra, Amberly Rodriguez, Iliana Molina, Gabriel Balea, Pam Emory, Marlene Rico, Giorgio Siqueiros, Alexander J. Brucker, Joshua Dunaief, Juan Grunwald, Benjamin Kim, Albert M. Maguire, Brian VanderBeek, Sheri Drossner, Joan DuPont, Rebecca Salvo, Jim Berger, Cheryl Devine, Bill Nyberg, Laurel Weeney, David DiLoreto, Mina Chung, Valerie Davis, Peter MacDowell, George O. Gara, Daniel Castillo, Andrea Czubinski, Melissa Keim, Brandi Hardy, Rachel Grunhaus Hollar, Lynn Schueckler, Alice T. Lyon, Aaron Weinberg, Mira Shiloach, Nicole Pelkofer, Qin Zhou, Laura McPoland, Rajendra Apte, P. Kumar Rao, Sam Pistorius, Jamie Kambarian, Eve Adcock, Sarah Gould, Melanie Quinn, Rhonda Curtis, Amy Frost, Charla Meyer, and Greg Rathert

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, Eye disease, Incidence (epidemiology), Fundus (eye), Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Confidence interval, Geographic atrophy, 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Age related, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine, sense organs, Prospective cohort study, business
Abstract

Purpose To analyze the prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics of eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including clinical and genetic factors affecting enlargement. Design Prospective cohort study within a controlled clinical trial. Participants Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) participants, aged 50–85 years. Methods Baseline and annual stereoscopic color fundus photographs were evaluated for GA presence and area. Analyses included GA prevalence and incidence rates, Kaplan-Meier rates, mixed-model regression, and multivariable analysis of the square root of GA, area adjusted for covariates, including clinical/imaging characteristics and genotype. Main Outcome Measures (1) Presence or development of GA; (2) change in the square root of GA area over time. Results At baseline, 517 eyes (6.2%) of 411 participants (9.8%) had pre-existing GA (without neovascular AMD), with the following characteristics: 33% central, 67% noncentral; and the following configurations: 36% small, 26% solid/unifocal, 24% multifocal, 9% horseshoe/ring, and 6% indeterminate. Of the remaining 6530 eyes at risk, 1099 eyes (17.3%) of 883 participants developed incident GA without prior neovascular disease during mean follow-up of 4.4 years. The Kaplan-Meier rate of incident GA was 19% of eyes at 5 years. In eyes with incident GA, 4-year risk of subsequent neovascular AMD was 29%. In eyes with incident noncentral GA, 4-year risk of central involvement was 57%. GA enlargement rate (following square root transformation) was similar in eyes with pre-existing GA (0.29 mm/year; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.30) and incident GA (0.28 mm/year; 0.27–0.30). In the combined group, GA enlargement was significantly faster with noncentrality, multifocality, intermediate baseline size, and bilateral GA (P Conclusions Analyses of AREDS2 data on natural history of GA provide representative data on GA evolution and enlargement. GA enlargement, which was influenced by lesion features, was relentless, resulting in rapid central vision loss. The genetic variants associated with faster enlargement were partially distinct from those associated with risk of incident GA. These findings are relevant to further investigations of GA pathogenesis and clinical trial planning.

Published
2018
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28. Sulvanites: The Promise at the Nanoscale

Author

Chen-Yu Chang, Roberto Prado-Rivera, Daniela Rodica Radu, Cheng-Yu Lai, and Mimi Liu

Subjects
thermodynamic properties, Materials science, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Synthesis methods, Nanotechnology, Review, solution-phase synthesis, electronic structure, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Photovoltaics, solid-state synthesis, optical bandgap, General Materials Science, Electronics, sulvanite, elastic properties, business, Nanoscopic scale, Solution phase synthesis
Abstract

The class of ternary copper chalcogenides Cu3MX4 (M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se, Te), also known as the sulvanite family, has attracted attention in the past decade as featuring promising materials for optoelectronic devices, including solar photovoltaics. Experimental and theoretical studies of these semiconductors have provided much insight into their properties, both in bulk and at the nanoscale. The recent realization of sulvanites at the nanoscale opens new avenues for the compounds toward printable electronics. This review is aimed at the consideration of synthesis methods, relevant properties and the recent developments of the most important sulvanites.

Published
2021

29. Solution-Based Synthesis of Sulvanite Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 Nanocrystals

Author

Chen-Yu Chang, Mimi Liu, Daniela Rodica Radu, and Cheng-Yu Lai

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Nanostructure, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Tantalum, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, Cubic crystal system, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Cu3TaSe4 NCs, transparent semiconductors, Inorganic Chemistry, Chalcogen, TaSe2 nanoflakes, sulvanite Cu3TaS4 NCs, lcsh:QD901-999, General Materials Science, Transparent conducting film, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical physics, TaS2 nanoflakes, Water splitting, lcsh:Crystallography, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Sulvanites have the parent formula Cu3MCh4. The metal M belongs to group 5 and Ch is a chalcogen. The tantalum sulvanites Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 are predicted to have wide band gaps and p-type conductivity and show promise in optoelectronic applications. Their potential as p-type transparent conductors or efficient photocatalysts for visible-light water splitting is a valuable incentive to explore these materials in their nanoscale form, toward bottom-up processing opportunities. Reported herein are the first syntheses of nanosized Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 sulvanites, which preserve the parent cubic crystal structure but show that morphology at the nanoscale is dependent of the reaction conditions. The two solution-based methods for synthesizing the tantalum S and Se sulvanites result in Cu3TaS4 or Cu3TaSe4 nanocrystals (NCs) with prismatic morphology, or, in the case of Cu3TaSe4, could lead to core-shell spherical nanostructures. The Cu3TaS4 NCs and Cu3TaSe4 NCs have good absorption in the UV-Vis region, while the Cu3TaSe4 core-shell NCs possess broad absorption bands not only in the UV-Vis but also in the near-infrared region. Photoluminescence measurements of Cu3TaS4 and Cu3TaSe4 reveal optical bandgaps of 2.54 and 2.32 eV, respectively, consistent with the values measured in bulk. Additionally, the current&ndash, voltage (I-V) curve of Cu3TaS4 NCs proves its electrical conductivity.

Published
2021
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30. Cascade synthesis and optoelectronic applications of intermediate bandgap Cu3VSe4 nanosheets

Author

Meng Zhang, Daniela Rodica Radu, Cheng-Yu Lai, and Mimi Liu

Subjects
Materials for devices, Materials science, Band gap, Science, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, Article, Electrochemical cell, Photocurrent, Multidisciplinary, Nanoscale materials, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanocrystal, Electrode, Medicine, Optoelectronics, Nyquist plot, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ternary operation, Materials for energy and catalysis
Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) ternary materials recently generated interest in optoelectronics and energy-related applications, alongside their binary counterparts. To date, only a few naturally occurring layered 2D ternary materials have been explored. The plethora of benefits owed to reduced dimensionality prompted exploration of expanding non-layered ternary chalcogenides into the 2D realm. This work presents a templating method that uses 2D transition metal dichalcogenides as initiators to be converted into the corresponding ternary chalcogenide upon addition of copper, via a solution-phase synthesis, conducted in high boiling point solvents. The process starts with preparation of VSe2 nanosheets, which are next converted into Cu3VSe4 sulvanite nanosheets (NSs) which retain the 2D geometry while presenting an X-ray diffraction pattern identical with the one for the bulk Cu3VSe4. Both the scanning electron microscopy and transmission microscopy electron microscopy show the presence of quasi-2D morphology. Recent studies of the sulfur-containing sulvanite Cu3VS4 highlight the presence of an intermediate bandgap, associated with enhanced photovoltaic (PV) performance. The Cu3VSe4 nanosheets reported herein exhibit multiple UV–Vis absorption peaks, related to the intermediate bandgaps similar to Cu3VS4 and Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals. To test the potential of Cu3VSe4 NSs as an absorber for solar photovoltaic devices, Cu3VSe4 NSs thin-films deposited on FTO were subjected to photoelectrochemical testing, showing p-type behavior and stable photocurrents of up to ~ 0.036 mA/cm2. The photocurrent shows a ninefold increase in comparison to reported performance of Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals. This proves that quasi-2D sulvanite nanosheets are amenable to thin-film deposition and could show superior PV performance in comparison to nanocrystal thin-films. The obtained electrical impedance spectroscopy signal of the Cu3VSe4 NSs-FTO based electrochemical cell fits an equivalent circuit with the circuit elements of solution resistance (Rs), charge-transfer resistance (Rct), double-layer capacitance (Cdl), and Warburg impedance (W). The estimated charge transfer resistance value of 300 Ω cm2 obtained from the Nyquist plot provides an insight into the rate of charge transfer on the electrode/electrolyte interface.

Published
2020

31. A rapid molecular precursor solid-state route to crystalline Fe2GeS4 nanoparticles

Author

Daniela Rodica Radu, Mimi Liu, Cheng-Yu Lai, Dominik M. Berg, and Po-Yu Hwang

Subjects
Materials science, Sulfide, Annealing (metallurgy), chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoparticle, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, General Materials Science, Thermal stability, Thin film, Pyrrhotite, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Grain growth, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Iron germanium sulfide (Fe2GeS4) recently emerged as a potential thin film solar photovoltaic absorber. The introduction of the third element—germanium (Ge)—viewed as a solution for overcoming multiple barriers of a photovoltaic pyrite, confers stability to Fe2GeS4 at elevated temperatures, typically required for accomplishing grain growth in Gen 2 thin film PV. A facile synthesis of Fe2GeS4 nanoparticles from molecular precursors, comprising mechanical mixing of starting materials followed by a two-hour annealing in a sulfur-rich atmosphere is presented herein. Further processing of the resulting Fe2GeS4 nanopowders at elevated temperatures demonstrates high thermal stability of Fe2GeS4 (up to 500 °C), in comparison with pyrite, which shows onset of pyrrhotite upon heating above 160 °C. Based on the secondary crystalline phases formed, we propose a mechanism of decomposition of Fe2GeS4 at high temperatures. Films fabricated with Fe2GeS4 were further annealed and revealed that Fe2GeS4 withstands high temperatures in thin film.

Published
2018
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32. Stand-Alone CuFeSe2 (Eskebornite) Nanosheets for Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Author

Saiphaneendra Bachu, Daniela Rodica Radu, Mimi Liu, Cheng-Yu Lai, and Gurpreet Singh Selopal

Subjects
Absorption (pharmacology), Materials science, Biocompatibility, CuFeSe2 nanosheets, General Chemical Engineering, photothermal therapeutic efficacy, Nanotechnology, Photothermal therapy, Laser, doxorubicin, law.invention, Chemistry, Colloid, Transmission electron microscopy, law, cytotoxicity, General Materials Science, Irradiation, QD1-999, Template method pattern
Abstract

Two-dimensional CuFeSe2 nanosheets have been successfully obtained via solution-phase synthesis using a sacrificial template method. The high purity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and the two-dimensional morphology was validated by transmission electron microscopy. The intense absorption in the 400–1400 nm region has been the basis for the CuFeSe2 nanosheets’ photothermal capabilities testing. The colloidal CuFeSe2 (CFS) nanosheets capped with S2− short ligands (CFS-S) exhibit excellent biocompatibility in cell culture studies and strong photothermal effects upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The nanosheets were further loaded with the cancer drug doxorubicin and exposed to laser irradiation, which accelerated the release of doxorubicin, achieving synergy in the therapeutic effect.

Published
2021
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33. An electrochemically-switched BPEI-CQD/PPy/PSS membrane for selective separation of dilute copper ions from wastewater

Author

Guoqing Guan, Nianchen Han, Tonghua Wang, Xiao Du, Xiaowei An, Xiaogang Hao, Shasha Li, Fengfeng Gao, and Mimi Liu

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Polypyrrole, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Ion, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental Chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Copper, 0104 chemical sciences, Separation process, Membrane, Chemical engineering, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology, Selectivity
Abstract

The continuous separation of dilute Cu 2+ from wastewater was performed by using a branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI)-functionalized carbon quantum dots (BPEI-CQD)/polypyrrole (PPy)/ polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) membrane in an electrochemically switched ion permselective (ESIP) process. The membrane with a high selectivity for Cu 2+ separation was prepared by pressure filtering BPEI-CQD/PPy/PSS solution through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. In this ESIP system, the directional uptake/release of Cu 2+ was realized by modulating the redox state of the membrane coupling with an external electric field. The effects of the operating parameters on the flux of Cu 2+ and membrane permselectivity were investigated. The BPEI-CQD/PPy/PSS composite electrode showed excellent permselectivity for Cu 2+ with a flux of 0.108 mg·cm −2 ·h −1 , a current efficiency of 39.9% and an excellent cycling stability. The Cu 2+ concentration in the solution was reduced from 30 to 0.82 ppm with a removal efficiency of 97.2%. Furthermore, the effects of BPEI-CQD content and the membrane thickness on the separation properties of the membrane from a mixed nitrate solution containing Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ and Cd 2+ were investigated. It is expected to understand the sorption-diffusion mechanism of such a membrane and provide more information on the design of it for a practical metal ion separation process.

Published
2017
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34. A conductive chlorine ion-imprinted polymer threaded in metal-organic frameworks for electrochemically selective separation of chloride ions

Author

Guoqing Guan, Mimi Liu, Xiao Du, Xuli Ma, Yongguo Li, Fengfeng Gao, Wenbiao Ma, and Xiaogang Hao

Subjects
Conductive polymer, Materials science, Ion exchange, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polypyrrole, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Chloride, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polymerization, Chemical engineering, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Metal-organic framework, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Highly selective ion separation is crucial to engineering applications. In this work, inspired by the working mechanism of biological protein ion channels, inclusion of ion-imprinted conductive polymers inside metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with size selective effect was considered for the effective separation of ions. In-situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) with anion exchange behavior in the UiO-66 cages was performed to obtain a conductive chlorine ion-imprinted polymer film electrode (Cl-IIP@UiO-66) for the electrochemically selective separation of chloride ions (Cl−) from wastewater. Herein, the chlorine ion-imprinted conductive PPy chains not only tuned the pore size of UiO-66, but also provided ion and electron transport channels at the molecular scale. As a result, the Cl− ion exchange capacity of the Cl-IIP@UiO-66 coated electrode reached to 52.16 mg g−1 with an adsorption equilibrium time less than 4 h under the extra electric field. Meanwhile, the Cl-IIP@UiO-66 film exhibited high separation factors of 9.02, 10.29, 13.41 and 18.50 for Cl−/Br−, Cl−/F−, Cl−/SO42− and Cl−/PO43−, respectively, which was mainly attributed to the anion-imprinting effect and the nanostructure for the selective recognition for Cl− ions. Remarkably, based on the controlled swelling property of MOFs, the Cl-IIP@UiO-66 maintained superior electrochemical reversibility and durability over 98% even after 1000 uptake/release cycles. Hence, it is believed that such a novel electroactive Cl− ion-imprinted film electrode could be a promising candidate for wastewater treatment. Also, it opened a new pathway to develop novel MOF-based electroactive ion exchange materials for various ion separations.

Published
2021
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35. The effect of the price or rental cost of housing on family size: a theoretical analysis with reference to New Zealand

Author

Jeremy Clark and Mimi Liu

Subjects
Consumption (economics), Labour economics, Static model, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Economic rent, Census, Renting, 050902 family studies, 0502 economics and business, Constant elasticity of substitution, Economics, Production (economics), Demographic economics, 050207 economics, 0509 other social sciences, business, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, health care economics and organizations, media_common
Abstract

We investigate the effect of higher house prices or rental costs on family size. We provide a static model of a household's choice of family size assuming constant elasticity of substitution preferences between children, leisure, and other goods, and Cobb–Douglas household production of children using parental time and housing. We then explore the wealth and substitution effects that changing house prices or rental costs have on desired family size. Renters are predicted to have fewer children in response to higher rents. Home owners are predicted to have more children in response to higher house prices only if they have sufficient initial housing and low substitution between family size and other consumption, and fewer children otherwise. Finally, we provide exploratory correlations between the change in lagged house prices or rental costs and the change in number of children born to women using aggregated census units in New Zealand. We find weak negative correlations in both cases.

Published
2016
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36. In situ scavenging of mitochondrial ROS by anti-oxidative MitoQ/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for environment-induced dry eye disease therapy

Author

Kaihui Nan, Qing Li, Na Zhang, Bao-shan Huang, Mimi Liu, Wei Chen, Ling Li, Qinxiang Zheng, Rashid Mehmood, and Sen Lin

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Mitochondrial ROS, Reactive oxygen species, MitoQ, General Chemical Engineering, technology, industry, and agriculture, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Mitochondrion, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Cell culture, In vivo, Hyaluronic acid, Zeta potential, Biophysics, Environmental Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Excessive accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers the vicious circle in development of environment-induced dry eye disease (DED). Thus, mitochondria-specific antioxidants that in situ scavenge ROS and restore homeostasis in mitochondria can be employed to inhibit or alleviate environment-induced DED. Herein, novel mitochondria-specific anti-oxidative nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of negatively charged hyaluronic acid and the positively charged MitoQ were prepared by charge-driven self-assembly strategy assisted by heat treatment. The effects of operation temperature on size, morphology, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the MitoQ NPs were investigated. The NPs prepared by this strategy exhibited relatively higher drug encapsulation capacity and loading efficiency compared to that prepared from amphiphilic block copolymer using the traditional self-assembly method. The heat treatment enhanced the interaction between the charged molecules HA and MitoQ, thus the resultant NPs had more compact structure with uniform spherical morphology. In comparison with free MitoQ, MitoQ NPs had increased mitochondrial distribution, thereby exhibited a stronger mitochondrial ROS scavenging activity in the tested cell line. MitoQ NPs also exerted a better curative effect against environment-induced DED: it better alleviated the DED symptoms, reduced the ROS accumulation on eye surface, and enhanced the suppression of gene expression of inflammation related-factors in vivo. These results present the potential use of MitoQ NPs, for the treatment of a wide range of ROS-related diseases.

Published
2020
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37. Electroactive polymers meet solid acid: A synergetic poly(acid yellow 9)/layered alpha tin phosphate (PAY/α-SnP) composite film for absorbing heavy metal ions

Author

Xiaofan Fang, Zheng Zhang, Xiao Du, Mimi Liu, Xiumin Li, Xiaogang Hao, Tongtong Jin, and Xuli Ma

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Ion exchange, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Composite number, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Phosphate, 01 natural sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Electroactive polymers, 0210 nano-technology, Tin
Abstract

A potential-responsive ion exchange film composed of layered alpha tin phosphate (α-SnP) nanosheets and electroactive poly(acid yellow 9) (PAY) was developed for rapidly removing heavy metal ions. In this composite film, the PAY acts as the potential-sensitive function materials for capturing ions selectively during electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) process, while α-SnP nanosheets work as solid acid materials to provide an acidic microenvironment for maintaining electroactivity of PAY and the interlayer space of α-SnP nanosheets play as the container of target ions. Experiment results reveal that the PAY/α-SnP composite film has excellent performance for removal of Pb2+ ions from wastewater rapidly and selectively. With applied potential of −0.3 V, composite film exhibits a saturated adsorption capacity of Pb2+ ions as high as 27.6 mg/g, and rapid ions uptake rate (uptake amount can reached 90.7% of saturated adsorption capacity during 15 min), which are 3 and 6 times higher as the spontaneous adsorption process. This excellent performance of composite films should be attributed to the synergistic effect of α-SnP and PAY components. This presented ESIX composite film should be valuable for removing Pb2+ions and/or other heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Published
2020
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38. Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals

Author

Cheng-Yu Lai, Mimi Liu, Gurpreet Singh Selopal, and Daniela Rodica Radu

Subjects
Light, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 01 natural sciences, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Nanotechnology, Selenium Compounds, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Materials, Thin Films, Multidisciplinary, Organic Compounds, Physics, Electromagnetic Radiation, Photochemical Processes, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanocrystals, Solutions, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Photovoltaic Power, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, Optoelectronics, Alternative Energy, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Research Article, Materials science, Band gap, Science, Materials Science, Aqueous Solutions, Research and Analysis Methods, 010402 general chemistry, Crystals, Particle Size, Thin film, Nanomaterials, Photocurrent, Ethanol, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Electrochemical Techniques, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, 0104 chemical sciences, Energy and Power, Semiconductors, Nanocrystal, Alcohols, Mixtures, Nanoparticles, business, Electron Beam Spectrum Analysis Techniques
Abstract

The ternary chalcogenide Cu3VSe4 (CVSe) with sulvanite structure has been theoretically predicted to be a promising candidate for photovoltaic applications due to its suitable bandgap for solar absorption and the relatively earth-abundant elements in its composition. To realize the absorber layer via an inexpensive route, printed thin-films could be fabricated from dispersions of nano-sized Cu3VSe4 precursors. Herein, cubic Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a hot-injection method. Similar with reported Cu3VS4 nanocrystals, Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals with cubic structure exhibit three absorption bands in the UV-Visible range indicative of a potential intermediate bandgap existence. A thin film fabricated by depositing the nanoparticles Cu3VSe4 on FTO coated glass substrate, exhibited a p-type behavior and a photocurrent of ~ 4 μA/cm2 when measured in an electrochemical cell setting. This first demonstration of photocurrent exhibited by a CVSe nanocrystals thin film signifies a promising potential in photovoltaic applications.

Published
2020
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40. The promise of solution-processed Fe2GeS4 thin films in iron chalcogenide photovoltaics

Author

Mimi Liu, Dominik M. Berg, Cheng-Yu Lai, Kevin D. Dobson, Finn Babbe, Keving H. Stone, Po-Yu Hwang, and Daniela Rodica Radu

Subjects
Materials science, Band gap, Chalcogenide, 02 engineering and technology, Photovoltaic effect, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Dip-coating, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Engineering, Photovoltaics, law, Solar cell, General Materials Science, Thin film, Materials, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surface coating, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical Sciences, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The olivine Fe2GeS4, featuring non-toxic elements, cost-effective synthesis, and suitable optoelectronic properties, recently emerged as a promising light-absorbing candidate. Fe2GeS4 precursor powders obtained via a simple solution-based process were converted to highly crystalline Fe2GeS4 powders upon a thermal treatment in controlled atmosphere. Thin films fabricated by dip coating in the Fe2GeS4 precursor dispersion and subjected to the same thermal treatment render high-purity Fe2GeS4 thin films with a band gap of 1.4eV, measured by room-temperature photoluminescence. Using Fe2GeS4 thin films as the sole absorber in a solution-based solar cell, open-circuit voltages of 361mV are observed, while the use of the Fe2GeS4 films as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cell constructs enhances the overall power conversion efficiency of the cell by a factor of five. This is the first report of a photovoltaic device based on Fe2GeS4.

Published
2018

42. Ions transport modelling based on Nernst-Planck theory for a novel electrochemically switched ion permselectivity system

Author

Xiaogang Hao, Fengfeng Gao, Feifan Liu, Lutong Chang, Mimi Liu, Xuli Ma, Qiang Wang, Xiao Du, Zhonglin Zhang, and Jinhua Luo

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Chemical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Thermodynamics, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Energy consumption, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, Volumetric flow rate, Ion, symbols.namesake, Reliability (semiconductor), Membrane, symbols, Nernst equation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Electrochemically switched ion permselective (ESIP) is an emerging technology which requires very little energy for trace concentration ionic separation and has markedly high selectivity. Fully understanding transport process of ions through ESIP membranes is of importance for ESIP. In this work, a two-dimensional, steady-state, simple mathematical model was established, based on Nernst–Planck theory for the ions transport in ESIP system. The model is used to evaluate and analyze the effects of inlet concentration, volume flow, and cell voltage on the separation flux. Furthermore, the current efficiency model was established, paving the way for future energy calculations and cost estimation. It is critical to minimize its operating costs and energy consumption. The simulation results are in good agreement with dynamic experiments using laboratory reactors results, which verifies the reliability and practicability of the model.

Published
2019
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43. Biotransformations of Anticancer Ruthenium(III) Complexes: An X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study

Author

Zhi Jun Lim, Aviva Levina, Mimi Liu, Pok Fai Wong, Peter A. Lay, Yee Yen Gwee, Anannya Mitra Singharay, and Jade B. Aitken

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Stereochemistry, Imine, Molecular Conformation, chemistry.chemical_element, Antineoplastic Agents, Medicinal chemistry, Ruthenium, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Blood serum, Organometallic Compounds, Humans, Imidazole, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Indazole, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Aqueous solution, Organic Chemistry, Imidazoles, Hep G2 Cells, General Chemistry, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, chemistry, Amine gas treating
Abstract

An anti-metastatic drug, NAMI-A ((ImH)[Ru(III) Cl4 (Im)(dmso)]; Im=imidazole, dmso=S-bound dimethylsulfoxide), and a cytotoxic drug, KP1019 ((IndH)[Ru(III) Cl4 (Ind)2 ]; Ind=indazole), are two Ru-based anticancer drugs in human clinical trials. Their reactivities under biologically relevant conditions, including aqueous buffers, protein solutions or gels (e.g, albumin, transferrin and collagen), undiluted blood serum, cell-culture medium and human liver (HepG2) cancer cells, were studied by Ru K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). These XAS data were fitted from linear combinations of spectra of well-characterised Ru compounds. The absence of XAS data from the parent drugs in these fits points to profound changes in the coordination environments of Ru(III) . The fits point to the presence of Ru(IV/III) clusters and binding of Ru(III) to S-donor groups, amine/imine and carboxylato groups of proteins. Cellular uptake of KP1019 is approximately 20-fold higher than that of NAMI-A under the same conditions, but it diminishes drastically after the decomposition of KP1019 in cell-culture media, which indicate that the parent complex is taken in by cells through passive diffusion.

Published
2013
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44. Chalcogenide nanoparticles precursor in thin-film photovoltaics — Processing limitations

Author

Kevin D. Dobson, Dominik M. Berg, Po-Yu Hwang, Daniela Rodica Radu, Mimi Liu, and Cheng-Yu Lai

Subjects
Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Chalcogenide, business.industry, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Photovoltaics, Melting point, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business, Melting-point depression
Abstract

The operating hypothesis for using nanoparticle precursors to generate thin-film chalcogenide photovoltaics absorbers in Gen 2 PV is that the final crystalline film resulted from thermal treatment would mirror the original nanoprecursors composition. In addition, melting point depression as a result of the nano-confinement would enable relatively low processing temperatures. With nanoparticles melting occurring at several hundred degrees lower than the melting point in bulk, the thermal treatment of NP precursors enables fabrication of uniform, crystalline thin-films on inexpensive substrates that only sustain moderate annealing temperatures (such as soda lime glass, SLG). A narrow particle size distribution contributes to film uniformity and enables film thickness control. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been reported toward rigorous control of nanoparticles size and composition. Our efforts, focused on two iron chalcogenides: Fe 2 SiS 4 and Fe 2 GeS 4 , demonstrate that processing often compromises the compositional control and final film purity, given that the reactivity associated with nano-confinement also leads to elemental loss during annealing. We report our findings related to thermal processing (annealing) and discuss current strategies to mitigate the elemental loss during annealing.

Published
2016
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45. Trehalose protects against ocular surface disorders in experimental murine dry eye through suppression of apoptosis

Author

Ya Ye, Mimi Liu, Ying Lin, Jia Qu, Jingna Zhang, Jacques Luyckx, Wei Chen, and Xiaobo Zhang

Subjects
Conjunctiva, genetic structures, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Apoptosis, Biology, Andrology, Mice, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cornea, medicine, Animals, Barrier function, Corneal epithelium, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Epithelium, Corneal, Trehalose, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Sensory Systems, Epithelium, Squamous metaplasia, Disease Models, Animal, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Tears, Immunology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Dry Eye Syndromes, Female, sense organs, Ophthalmic Solutions
Abstract

The disaccharide trehalose is a key element involved in anhydrobiosis (the capability of surviving almost complete dehydration) in many organisms. Its presence also confers resistance to desiccation and high osmolarity in bacterial and human cells by protecting proteins and membranes from denaturation. The present study used a novel murine dry eye model induced by controlled low-humidity air velocity to determine whether topically applied trehalose could heal ocular surface epithelial disorders caused by ocular surface desiccation. In addition, the efficacy of 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops was compared with that of 20% serum, the efficacy of which has been well documented. Mice ocular surface epithelial disorders were induced by exposure of murine eyes to continuous controlled low-humidity air velocity in an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES) for 21 days, which accelerated the tear evaporation. The mice were then randomized into three groups: the control group received PBS (0.01 M) treatment; a second group received 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops treatment; and the third group received mice serum eyedrops treatment. Each treatment was administered as a 10 microl dose every 6 h for 14 days. The resultant changes in corneal barrier function and histopathologic examination of cornea and conjunctiva were analyzed and the level of apoptosis on the ocular surface was assessed using active caspase-3. After 14 days of treatment, the corneal fluorescein staining area, the ruffling and desquamating cells on the apical corneal epithelium, as well as the apoptotic cells on ocular surface epithelium had significantly reduced in eyes treated with trehalose compared with those treated with serum and PBS. In contrast, after 14 days of treatment, improvements in the thickness of the corneal epithelium, the squamous metaplasia in conjunctival epithelium and the number of goblet cells of the conjunctiva were less marked in eyes treated with trehalose compared with serum. These results demonstrated that trehalose could improve the appearance of ocular surface epithelial disorders due to desiccation through suppression of apoptosis. Trehalose produces some of the same responses as serum upon topical application and can maintain corneal health.

Published
2009
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46. Subretinal Hyperreflective Material in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials

Author

Alex S. Willoughby, Gui-shuang Ying, Cynthia A. Toth, Maureen G. Maguire, Russell E. Burns, Juan E. Grunwald, Ebenezer Daniel, Glenn J. Jaffe, David F. Williams, Sara Beardsley, Steven Bennett, Herbert Cantrill, Carmen Chan-Tram, Holly Cheshier, Kathyrn Damato, John Davies, Sundeep Dev, Julianne Enloe, Gennaro Follano, Peggy Gilbert, Jill Johnson, Tori Jones, Lisa Mayleben, Robert Mittra, Martha Moos, Ryan Neist, Neal Oestreich, Polly Quiram, Robert Ramsay, Edwin Ryan, Stephanie Schindeldecker, John Snater, Trenise Steele, Dwight Selders, Jessica Tonsfeldt, Shelly Valardi, Gary Edd Fish, Hank A. Aguado, Sally Arceneaux, Jean Arnwine, Kim Bell, Tina Bell, Bob Boleman, Patricia Bradley, David Callanan, Lori Coors, Jodi Creighton, Timothy Crew, Kimberly Cummings, Christopher Dock, Karen Duignan, Dwain Fuller, Keith Gray, Betsy Hendrix, Nicholas Hesse, Diana Jaramillo, Bradley Jost, Sandy Lash, Laura Lonsdale, Michael Mackens, Karin Mutz, Michael Potts, Brenda Sanchez, William Snyder, Wayne Solley, Carrie Tarter, Robert Wang, Patrick Williams, Stephen L. Perkins, Nicholas Anderson, Ann Arnold, Paul Blais, Joseph Googe, Tina T. Higdon, Cecile Hunt, Mary Johnson, James Miller, Misty Moore, Charity K. Morris, Christopher Morris, Sarah Oelrich, Kristina Oliver, Vicky Seitz, Jerry Whetstone, Bernard H. Doft, Jay Bedel, Robert Bergren, Ann Borthwick, Paul Conrad, Amanda Fec, Christina Fulwylie, Willia Ingram, Shawnique Latham, Gina Lester, Judy Liu, Louis Lobes, Nicole M. Lucko, Holly Mechling, Lori Merlotti, Keith McBroom, Karl Olsen, Danielle Puskas, Pamela Rath, Maria Schmucker, Lynn Schueckler, Christina Schultz, Heather Shultz, David Steinberg, Avni Vyas, Kim Whale, Kimberly Yeckel, David H. Orth, Linda S. Arredondo, Susan Brown, Barbara J. Ciscato, Joseph M. Civantos, Celeste Figliulo, Sohail Hasan, Belinda Kosinski, Dan Muir, Kiersten Nelson, Kirk Packo, John S. Pollack, Kourous Rezaei, Gina Shelton, Shannya Townsend-Patrick, Marian Walsh, H. Richard McDonald, Nina Ansari, Amanda Bye, Arthur D. Fu, Sean Grout, Chad Indermill, Robert N. Johnson, J. Michael Jumper, Silvia Linares, Brandon J. Lujan, Ames Munden, Meredith Persons, Rosa Rodriguez, Jennifer M. Rose, Brandi Teske, Yesmin Urias, Stephen Young, Richard F. Dreyer, Howard Daniel, Michele Connaughton, Irvin Handelman, Stephen Hobbs, Christine Hoerner, Dawn Hudson, Marcia Kopfer, Michael Lee, Craig Lemley, Joe Logan, Colin Ma, Christophe Mallet, Amanda Milliron, Mark Peters, Harry Wohlsein, Joel A. Pearlman, Margo Andrews, Melissa Bartlett, Nanette Carlson, Emily Cox, Robert Equi, Marta Gonzalez, Sophia Griffin, Fran Hogue, Lance Kennedy, Lana Kryuchkov, Carmen Lopez, Danny Lopez, Bertha Luevano, Erin McKenna, Arun Patel, Brian Reed, Nyla Secor, Iris R. Sison, Tony Tsai, Nina Varghis, Brooke Waller, Robert Wendel, Reina Yebra, Daniel B. Roth, Jane Deinzer, Howard Fine, Flory Green, Stuart Green, Bruce Keyser, Steven Leff, Amy Leviton, Amy Martir, Kristin Mosenthine, Starr Muscle, Linda Okoren, Sandy Parker, Jonathan Prenner, Nancy Price, Deana Rogers, Linda Rosas, Alex Schlosser, Loretta Studenko, Thea Tantum, Harold Wheatley, Michael T. Trese, Thomas Aaberg, Denis Bezaire, Craig Bridges, Doug Bryant, Antonio Capone, Michelle Coleman, Christina Consolo, Cindy Cook, Candice DuLong, Bruce Garretson, Tracy Grooten, Julie Hammersley, Tarek Hassan, Heather Jessick, Nanette Jones, Crystal Kinsman, Jennifer Krumlauf, Sandy Lewis, Heather Locke, Alan Margherio, Debra Markus, Tanya Marsh, Serena Neal, Amy Noffke, Kean Oh, Clarence Pence, Lisa Preston, Paul Raphaelian, Virginia R. Regan, Peter Roberts, Alan Ruby, Ramin Sarrafizadeh, Marissa Scherf, Sarita Scott, Scott Sneed, Lisa Staples, Brad Terry, Matthew T. Trese, Joan Videtich, George Williams, Mary Zajechowski, Daniel P. Joseph, Kevin Blinder, Lynda Boyd, Sarah Buckley, Meaghan Crow, Amanda Dinatale, Nicholas Engelbrecht, Bridget Forke, Dana Gabel, Gilbert Grand, Jennifer Grillion-Cerone, Nancy Holekamp, Charlotte Kelly, Ginny Nobel, Kelly Pepple, Matt Raeber, P. Kumar Rao, Tammy Ressel, Steven Schremp, Merrilee Sgorlon, Shantia Shears, Matthew Thomas, Cathy Timma, Annette Vaughn, Carolyn Walters, Rhonda Weeks, Jarrod Wehmeier, Tim Wright, Daniel M. Berinstein, Aida Ayyad, Mohammed K. Barazi, Erica Bickhart, Tracey Brady, Lisa Byank, Alysia Cronise, Vanessa Denny, Courtney Dunn, Michael Flory, Robert Frantz, Richard A. Garfinkel, William Gilbert, Michael M. Lai, Alexander Melamud, Janine Newgen, Shamekia Newton, Debbie Oliver, Michael Osman, Reginald Sanders, Manfred von Fricken, Pravin Dugel, Sandra Arenas, Gabe Balea, Dayna Bartoli, John Bucci, Jennifer A. Cornelius, Scheleen Dickens, Don Doherty, Heather Dunlap, David Goldenberg, Karim Jamal, Norma Jimenez, Nicole Kavanagh, Derek Kunimoto, John Martin, Jessica Miner, Sarah Mobley, Donald Park, Edward Quinlan, Jack Sipperley, Carol Slagle, Danielle Smith, Miguelina Yafchak, Rohana Yager, Christina J. Flaxel, Steven Bailey, Peter Francis, Chris Howell, Thomas Hwang, Shirley Ira, Michael Klein, Andreas Lauer, Teresa Liesegang, Ann Lundquist, Sarah Nolte, Susan K. Nolte, Scott Pickell, Susan Pope, Joseph Rossi, Mitchell Schain, Peter Steinkamp, Maureen D. Toomey, Debora Vahrenwald, Kelly West, Baker Hubbard, Stacey Andelman, Chris Bergstrom, Judy Brower, Blaine Cribbs, Linda Curtis, Jannah Dobbs, Lindreth DuBois, Jessica Gaultney, Deborah Gibbs, Debora Jordan, Donna Leef, Daniel F. Martin, Robert Myles, Timothy Olsen, Bryan Schwent, Sunil Srivastava, Rhonda Waldron, Andrew N. Antoszyk, Uma Balasubramaniam, Danielle Brooks, Justin Brown, David Browning, Loraine Clark, Sarah Ennis, Susannah Held, Jennifer V. Helms, Jenna Herby, Angie Karow, Pearl Leotaud, Caterina Massimino, Donna McClain, Michael McOwen, Jennifer Mindel, Candace Pereira, Rachel Pierce, Michele Powers, Angela Price, Jason Rohrer, Jason Sanders, Robert L. Avery, Kelly Avery, Jessica Basefsky, Liz Beckner, Alessandro Castellarin, Stephen Couvillion, Jack Giust, Matthew Giust, Maan Nasir, Dante Pieramici, Melvin Rabena, Sarah Risard, Robert See, Jerry Smith, Lisha Wan, Sophie J. Bakri, Nakhleh Abu-Yaghi, Andrew Barkmeier, Karin Berg, Jean Burrington, Albert Edwards, Shannon Goddard, Shannon Howard, Raymond Iezzi, Denise Lewison, Thomas Link, Colin A. McCannel, Joan Overend, John Pach, Margaret Ruszczyk, Ryan Shultz, Cindy Stephan, Diane Vogen, Reagan H. Bradford, Vanessa Bergman, Russ Burris, Amanda Butt, Beth Daniels, Connie Dwiggins, Stephen Fransen, Tiffany Guerrero, Darin Haivala, Amy Harris, Sonny Icks, Ronald Kingsley, Lena Redden, Rob Richmond, Brittany Ross, Kammerin White, Misty Youngberg, Trexler M. Topping, Steve Bennett, Sandy Chong, Mary Ciotti, Tina Cleary, Emily Corey, Dennis Donovan, Albert Frederick, Lesley Freese, Margaret Graham, Natalya Gud, Taneika Howard, Mike Jones, Michael Morley, Katie Moses, Jen Stone, Robin Ty, Torsten Wiegand, Lindsey Williams, Beth Winder, Carl C. Awh, Michelle Amonette, Everton Arrindell, Dena Beck, Brandon Busbee, Amy Dilback, Sara Downs, Allison Guidry, Gary Gutow, Jackey Hardin, Sarah Hines, Emily Hutchins, Kim LaCivita, Ashley Lester, Larry Malott, MaryAnn McCain, Jayme Miracle, Kenneth Moffat, Lacy Palazzotta, Kelly Robinson, Peter Sonkin, Alecia Travis, Roy Trent Wallace, Kelly J. Winters, Julia Wray, April E. Harris, Mari Bunnell, Katrina Crooks, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Cameron Javid, Corin Kew, Erica Kill, Patricia Kline, Janet Kreienkamp, Maricruz Martinez, Roy Ann Moore, Egbert Saavedra, LuAnne Taylor, Mark Walsh, Larry Wilson, Thomas A. Ciulla, Ellen Coyle, Tonya Harrington, Charlotte Harris, Cindi Hood, Ingrid Kerr, Raj Maturi, Dawn Moore, Stephanie Morrow, Jennifer Savage, Bethany Sink, Tom Steele, Neelam Thukral, Janet Wilburn, Joseph P. Walker, Jennifer Banks, Debbie Ciampaglia, Danielle Dyshanowitz, Jennifer Frederick, A. Tom Ghuman, Richard Grodin, Cheryl Kiesel, Eileen Knips, Jonathan McCue, Maria Ortiz, Crystal Peters, Paul Raskauskas, Etienne Schoeman, Ashish Sharma, Glenn Wing, Rebecca Youngblood, Suresh R. Chandra, Michael Altaweel, Barbara Blodi, Kathryn Burke, Kristine A. Dietzman, Justin Gottlieb, Gene Knutson, Denise Krolnik, T. Michael Nork, Shelly Olson, John Peterson, Sandra Reed, Barbara Soderling, Guy Somers, Thomas Stevens, Angela Wealti, Srilaxmi Bearelly, Brenda Branchaud, Joyce W. Bryant, Sara Crowell, Sharon Fekrat, Merritt Gammage, Cheala Harrison, Sarah Jones, Noreen McClain, Brooks McCuen, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Jeanne Queen, Neeru Sarin, Cindy Skalak, Marriner Skelly, Ivan Suner, Ronnie Tomany, Lauren Welch, Susanna S. Park, Allison Cassidy, Karishma Chandra, Idalew Good, Katrina Imson, Sashi Kaur, Helen Metzler, Lawrence Morse, Ellen Redenbo, Marisa Salvador, David Telander, Mark Thomas, Cindy Wallace, Charles C. Barr, Amanda Battcher, Michelle Bottorff, Mary Chasteen, Kelly Clark, Diane Denning, Debra Schoen, Amy Schultz, Evie Tempel, Lisa Wheeler, Greg K. Whittington, Thomas W. Stone, Todd Blevins, Michelle Buck, Lynn Cruz, Wanda Heath, Diana Holcomb, Rick Isernhagen, Terri Kidd, John Kitchens, Cathy Sears, Ed Slade, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Brenda VanHoose, Jenny Wolfe, William Wood, John Zilis, Carol Crooks, Larry Disney, Mimi Liu, Stephen Petty, Sandra Sall, James C. Folk, Tracy Aly, Abby Brotherton, Douglas Critser, Connie J. Hinz, Stefani Karakas, Valerie Kirschner, Cheyanne Lester, Cindy Montague, Stephen Russell, Heather Stockman, Barbara Taylor, Randy Verdick, Jean Walshire, John T. Thompson, Barbara Connell, Maryanth Constantine, John L. Davis, Gwen Holsapple, Lisa Hunter, C. Nicki Lenane, Robin Mitchell, Leslie Russel, Raymond Sjaarda, David M. Brown, Matthew Benz, Llewellyn Burns, JoLene G. Carranza, Richard Fish, Debra Goates, Shayla Hay, Theresa Jeffers, Eric Kegley, Dallas Kubecka, Stacy McGilvra, Beau Richter, Veronica Sneed, Cary Stoever, Isabell Tellez, Tien Wong, Ivana Kim, Christopher Andreoli, Leslie Barresi, Sarah Brett, Charlene Callahan, Karen Capaccioli, William Carli, Matthew Coppola, Nicholas Emmanuel, Claudia Evans, Anna Fagan, Marcia Grillo, John Head, Troy Kieser, Elaine Lee, Ursula Lord, Edward Miretsky, Kate Palitsch, Todd Petrin, Liz Reader, Svetlana Reznichenko, Mary Robertson, Justin Smith, Demetrios Vavvas, John Wells, Cassie Cahill, W. Lloyd Clark, Kayla Henry, David Johnson, Peggy Miller, LaDetrick Oliver, Robbin Spivey, Tiffany Swinford, Mallie Taylor, Michael Lambert, Kris Chase, Debbie Fredrickson, Joseph Khawly, Valerie Lazarte, Donald Lowd, Pam Miller, Arthur Willis, Philip J. Ferrone, Miguel Almonte, Rachel Arnott, Ingrid Aviles, Sheri Carbon, Michael Chitjian, Kristen DAmore, Christin Elliott, David Fastenberg, Barry Golub, Kenneth Graham, AnnMarie Lavorna, Laura Murphy, Amanda Palomo, Christina Puglisi, David Rhee, Juan Romero, Brett Rosenblatt, Glenda Salcedo, Marianne Schlameuss, Eric Shakin, Vasanti Sookhai, Richard Kaiser, Elizabeth Affel, Gary Brown, Christina Centinaro, Deborah Fine, Mitchell Fineman, Michele Formoso, Sunir Garg, Lisa Grande, Carolyn Herbert, Allen Ho, Jason Hsu, Maryann Jay, Lisa Lavetsky, Elaine Liebenbaum, Joseph Maguire, Julia Monsonego, Lucia O'Connor, Lisa Pierce, Carl Regillo, Maria Rosario, Marc Spirn, James Vander, Jennifer Walsh, Frederick H. Davidorf, Amanda Barnett, Susie Chang, John Christoforidis, Joy Elliott, Heather Justice, Alan Letson, Kathryne McKinney, Jeri Perry, Jill A. Salerno, Scott Savage, Stephen Shelley, Lawrence J. Singerman, Joseph Coney, John DuBois, Kimberly DuBois, Gregg Greanoff, Dianne Himmelman, Mary Ilc, Elizabeth Mcnamara, Michael Novak, Scott Pendergast, Susan Rath, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Vivian Tanner, Diane E. Weiss, Hernando Zegarra, Lawrence Halperin, Patricia Aramayo, Mandeep Dhalla, Brian Fernandez, Cindy Fernandez, Jaclyn Lopez, Monica Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Kellie Murphy, Clifford Sherley, Rita Veksler, Firas Rahhal, Razmig Babikian, David Boyer, Sepideh Hami, Jeff Kessinger, Janet Kurokouchi, Saba Mukarram, Sarah Pachman, Eric Protacio, Julio Sierra, Homayoun Tabandeh, Adam Zamboni, Michael Elman, Jennifer Belz, Tammy Butcher, Theresa Cain, Teresa Coffey, Dena Firestone, Nancy Gore, Pamela Singletary, Peter Sotirakos, JoAnn Starr, Travis A. Meredith, Cassandra J. Barnhart, Debra Cantrell, RonaLyn Esquejo-Leon, Odette Houghton, Harpreet Kaur, Fatoumatta NDure, Ronald Glatzer, Leonard Joffe, Reid Schindler, Stuart L. Fine, Marilyn Katz, Mary Brightwell-Arnold, Ruchira Glaser, Judith Hall, Sandra Harkins, Jiayan Huang, Alexander Khvatov, Kathy McWilliams, Ellen Peskin, Maxwell Pistilli, Susan Ryan, Allison Schnader, Gui-Shuang Ying, Glenn Jaffe, Jennifer Afrani-Sakyi, Brannon Balsley, Linda S. Bennett, Adam Brooks, Adrienne Brower-Lingsch, Lori Bruce, Russell Burns, Dee Busian, John Choong, Lindsey Cloaninger, Francis Char DeCroos, Emily DuBois, Mays El-Dairi, Sarah Gach, Katelyn Hall, Terry Hawks, ChengChenh Huang, Cindy Heydary, Alexander Ho, Shashi Kini, Michelle McCall, Daaimah Muhammad, Jayne Nicholson, Pamela Rieves, Kelly Shields, Adam Specker, Sandra Stinnett, Sujatha Subramaniam, Patrick Tenbrink, Cynthia Toth, Aaron Towe, Kimberly Welch, Natasha Williams, Katrina Winter, Ellen Young, Judith Alexander, Elisabeth Flannagan, E. Revell Martin, Candace Parker, Krista Sepielli, Tom Shannon, Claressa Whearry, Maryann Redford, Marcia R. Kopfer, Frederick L. Ferris, Joan DuPont, Lawrence M. Friedman, Susan B. Bressler, David L. DeMets, Martin Friedlander, Mark W. Johnson, Anne Lindblad, Douglas W. Losordo, and Franklin G. Miller

Subjects
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Retina, Article, Cicatrix, Ophthalmology, Geographic Atrophy, Ranibizumab, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Fluorescein Angiography, External limiting membrane, Prospective cohort study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Fundus photography, Macular degeneration, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Fluorescein angiography, eye diseases, Bevacizumab, Choroidal neovascularization, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intravitreal Injections, Wet Macular Degeneration, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.drug
Abstract

To evaluate the association of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) with visual acuity (VA), geographic atrophy (GA), and scar in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT).Prospective cohort study within a randomized clinical trial.The 1185 CATT participants.Masked readers graded scar and GA on fundus photography and fluorescein angiography and graded SHRM on time-domain and spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) throughout 104 weeks. Measurements of SHRM height and width in the fovea, within the center 1 mm(2), or outside the center 1mm(2) were obtained on SD OCT images at 56 (n = 76) and 104 (n = 66) weeks.Presence of SHRM, as well as location and size, and associations with VA, scar, and GA.Among CATT participants, the percentage with SHRM at enrollment was 77%, decreasing to 68% at 4 weeks after treatment and to 54% at 104 weeks. At 104 weeks, scar was present more often in eyes with persistent SHRM than in eyes with SHRM that resolved (64% vs. 31%; P0.0001). Among eyes with detailed evaluation of SHRM at weeks 56 (n = 76) and 104 (n = 66), mean VA letter score was 73.5 (standard error [SE], 2.8), 73.1 (SE, 3.4), 65.3 (SE, 3.5), and 63.9 (SE, 3.7) when SHRM was absent, present outside the central 1 mm(2), present within the central 1 mm(2) but not the foveal center, or present at the foveal center (P = 0.02), respectively. When SHRM was present, the median maximum height under the fovea, within the central 1 mm(2) including the fovea and anywhere within the scan, was 86 μm, 120 μm, and 122 μm, respectively. Visual acuity was decreased with greater SHRM height and width (P0.05).In eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), SHRM is common and often persists after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. At 2 years, eyes with scar were more likely to have SHRM than other eyes. Greater SHRM dimensions were associated with worse VA. In eyes with neovascular AMD, SHRM is an important morphologic biomarker.

Published
2015

47. A review of treatments for macular degeneration: a synopsis of currently approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials

Author

Mimi Liu and Carl D. Regillo

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Combination therapy, Angiogenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Photodynamic therapy, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures, Macular Degeneration, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Clinical Trials as Topic, business.industry, Hyperthermia, Induced, General Medicine, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, Verteporfin, Dermatology, Choroidal Neovascularization, eye diseases, Clinical trial, Choroidal neovascularization, Photochemotherapy, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedure, medicine.drug
Abstract

Purpose of review The purpose of this report is to review recent literature and ongoing clinical trials of the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Recent findings Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization have resulted in the emergence of pharmacotherapies targeting various aspects of angiogenesis. Preliminary results with the new agents have been encouraging. Moreover, longer follow-up and subgroup analyses of the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy and Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy studies have suggested new potential indications for photodynamic therapy. Summary Currently a patient with wet macular degeneration may have multiple investigational options that were unavailable several years ago. Ongoing clinical trials are aimed at determining the long-term safety and efficacy of these new pharmacologic and combination therapy modalities.

Published
2004
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48. [The relationship between NLRP3 inflammsomes expression and liver damage after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice model]

Author

Yujin, Huang, Jinyu, Fu, Jinyan, Wu, Ting, Fang, Jing, Hua, Mimi, Liu, Na, Guo, Kailin, Xu, and Lingyu, Zeng

Subjects
Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Liver, Inflammasomes, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Animals, Postoperative Period, Carrier Proteins
Abstract

To explore the function of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammsomes in liver damage after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).The study presented a murine (BALB/c-based) model of allo-HSCT. Chimera rate was measured by flow cytometry. The hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry staining were used to observe the pathology changes in liver, then measured the degree of liver damage. Inflammation cells and NLRP3 were measured by Western blot, cytokines IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 related genes were tested with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR).Hematopoietic stem cells had been successfully transplanted, the chimera rate was geater than 97% on the 10th day. Liver damage occurred after allo-HSCT and suffered infiltration of inflammation cells, which reached the peak on day 15, then moved to moderate; the cytokines IL-1β, IL-18 had the similar trend with liver injury, and reached the highest level on day 15, their mRNA expressions increased by (1.19 ± 0.40) fold and (1.64 ± 0.76) fold, respectively; Meanwhile, caspase-1 had the similar trend, its mRNA expression increased by (3.51 ± 0.46) fold on day 15; the inflammasomes NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4 and NLRP5 expressed in liver on day 15 of post-allo-HSCT, and NLRP3 inflammasome expressed highest among them. The mRNA and protein level of NLRP3 inflammasomes were kept with the serious degree of the liver damage, its mRNA expression increased by (2.91 ± 0.41) fold on day 15.NLRP3 inflammsome expressed in liver injury during allo-HSCT in mice, and may be one of the important factors contributed to liver injury.

Published
2014

50. The promise of solution-processed Fe2GeS4 thin films in iron chalcogenide photovoltaics.

Author

Mimi Liu, Berg, Dominik M., Po-Yu Hwang, Cheng-Yu Lai, Stone, Kevin H., Babbe, Finn, Dobson, Kevin D., and Radu, Daniela R.

Subjects
*OLIVINE, *OPTOELECTRONICS, *LIGHT absorption, *PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, *THIN films
Abstract

The olivine Fe2GeS4, featuring non-toxic elements, cost-effective synthesis, and suitable optoelectronic properties, recently emerged as a promising light-absorbing candidate. Fe2GeS4 precursor powders obtained via a simple solution-based process were converted to highly crystalline Fe2GeS4 powders upon a thermal treatment in controlled atmosphere. Thin films fabricated by dip coating in the Fe2GeS4 precursor dispersion and subjected to the same thermal treatment render high-purity Fe2GeS4 thin films with a band gap of 1.4 eV, measured by room-temperature photoluminescence. Using Fe2GeS4 thin films as the sole absorber in a solution-based solar cell, open-circuit voltages of 361 mV are observed, while the use of the Fe2GeS4 films as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cell constructs enhances the overall power conversion efficiency of the cell by a factor of five. This is the first report of a photovoltaic device based on Fe2GeS4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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