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Integrating sustainable approaches is imperative to align project management with the current demands and growing emphasis on environmental, social, and economic considerations. Despite that, the application of Sustainability faces challenges from two key aspects: the diversity of sustainability concepts, which adapt to various contexts, and the limited availability of methodologies to guide its adoption, monitoring, and implementation. This study aims to uncover perceptions related to project management and Sustainability by exploring the experiences, practices, and perceptions of expert professor-researchers of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. The focus is on productive sectors that significantly contribute to the gross domestic product. The methodological design involves developing and implementing a survey-type data collection instrument administered to 55 individuals. Internal consistency is assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the results are analyzed using Principal Component Analysis, a multivariate statistical technique. The study's findings reveal critical impacts and existing connections, including the sustainability indicator and elements to consider for more suitable implementations in the short term within project management. Additionally, the complex relationships within sustainable considerations in project management are evident, theoretically supported but not consistently applied in the productive sectors. These contributions pave the way for future research, allowing the proposed instrument's replication in other groups and sectors interested in characterizing participants' conceptual performance regarding these elements.

Introduction: The search for an anatomical substitute for the breast, for the purpose of correcting aesthetic problems has a long history of failure until the arrival of silicone. Since the beginning of its use, in the 1960s, many complications have appeared, such as infection, rejection, rupture, in addition to silicone leakage. We did not find in the literature, however, any report on the passage of materials from the human organism to the interior of implants. The objective is to identification by infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and clinical analysis, reporting the passage of organic substances into breast implants without any violation of their capsule. Methods: 1500 pairs of breast implants were analyzed, surgically removed from 1998 to 2018. Of which six were included in the study. Results: Three materials were analyzed showing macroscopic changes in their interior, without violating the capsule. A second sample was performed on a similar implant, but without use. The third material was a sample of fatty breast tissue removed from the patient during the surgery. Materials compatible with fat, animal protein and hemoglobin were found inside the implant. Conclusions: The change evidenced in the material inside the two implants indicates the occurrence of the passage of organic materials through an intact capsule.

Planificar las comunicaciones, manejarlas y monitorearlas son los pasos recomendados para la gestión de las comunicaciones en la gestión de proyectos. Por ello Malluk [1], Odine [2] y Muszinska [3], entre otros, resaltan la necesidad de entender la gestión de proyectos y la comunicación organizacional desde una perspectiva holística para que los proyectos tengan un manejo orgánico y sean exitosos. A partir de esto, desde el 2020 se está trabajando en la Universidad Ean en una investigación que busca demostrar la importancia del rol de la comunicación en la gestión de proyectos, que garantice una integración holística y orgánica. Como resultado de esta investigación, en este artículo se presentará un modelo de comunicaciones para la gestión de proyectos en donde se ve la comunicación como constitutiva de los proyectos en lugar de ser un simple instrumento.

The incubation process of a business idea in its preliminary stages allows a better understanding of the entrepreneur from individual perspectives. However, its study has been limited, generating unsustainability in various ventures. Therefore, business resilience is a key factor for the entrepreneurial spirit, since it allows the entrepreneur to adapt and grow in the face of unexpected changes. The purpose of this research is to analyze entrepreneurial resilience within the framework of a learning management model in incubators. A qualitative approach was obtained through the literature review and a quantitative approach with descriptive, correlational and multivariate statistical analysis. The findings demonstrated that entrepreneurial resilience is decisive in the learning management model in incubators. The research provides a measurement scale with high internal consistency and validity, demonstrated by principal component analysis, ensuring the reliability of the results obtained.

O objetivo deste relato é expor as ações de extensão desenvolvidas no período de 2020 a 2022. Em síntese, são publicadas notícias no blog Cariri Transparente, que, desde sua criação, possui 169 postagens, mais de 10.000 visualizações e 4.340 visitantes, assim como promove a realização de cursos de educação fiscal nas escolas de ensino fundamental e médio do perímetro CRAJUBAR, além da participação anual na realização dos Seminários de Educação Fiscal do Cariri. O controle social e a educação fiscal são instrumentos para o exercício da cidadania, relacionando-se com a participação do indivíduo na sociedade, acompanhando e fiscalizando as ações governamentais, de modo a solucionar os problemas, zelando para que seus direitos não sejam violados e cumprindo seus deveres. Nesse sentido, o programa de extensão “Cariri Consciente: o conhecimento transforma o cidadão”, vinculado à Pró-reitoria de Extensão da Universidade Federal do Cariri, visa incentivar o controle social da população caririense. Logo, percebe-se que o programa contribui ao despertar os cidadãos sobre seu papel na fiscalização dos entes públicos, melhorando seus serviços e reduzindo as desigualdades sociais.

Se estudió la variación genética en biomasa aérea (BM) o rendimiento de materia seca (RMS) y sus componentes en 400 familias de medios hermanos (FMH) de alfalfa, derivadas de las cruzas directa (CD, San Miguel x Oaxaca) y recíproca (CR, Oaxaca x San Miguel), y las variedades originales (SM, San Miguel y O, Oaxaca). El experimento se realizó en macetas en condiciones de intemperie en Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México. Se hicieron cortes de plantas completas a 5 cm de altura, cada cinco semanas en otoño-invierno 2014-2015 y cada cuatro semanas en primavera-verano 2015. El RMS, TAC (tasa absoluta de crecimiento), EUR (eficiencia en el uso de la radiación), NT (número de tallos por planta) y AP (altura de planta) fueron 32, 31, 32, 6 y 36 % más altos en la CD, y el RMS, TAC, EUR y AP fueron 30, 28, 30 y 34 % más altos en la CR que la media de SM y O. La selección permitió identificar 13 y 17 % de FMH sobresalientes en RMS y sus componentes en las CD y CR. El RMS de las FMH sobresalientes de la CD fue 11 % mayor que el RMS de las FMH sobresalientes de la CR, indicando la presencia de efectos genéticos maternos.

El rationale arquitectónico es el conjunto de razones detrás de las decisiones tomadas al diseñar la arquitectura de un sistema de software. Normalmente, dicho rationale se queda en las mentes de los diseñadores y demás involucrados en el diseño. Por lo tanto, el razonamiento detrás de las decisiones que sustentan el modelo de arquitectura puede perderse si no se documenta adecuadamente, causando problemas de mantenibilidad en el software. En la práctica, el rationale no se documenta o se documenta en medio de las descripciones arquitecturales, lo cual dificulta su comprensión y apoyo a las decisiones posteriores, dentro del desarrollo y mantenimiento de software, lo cual resulta más crítico en el enfoque ágil de desarrollo. Para abordar este problema, en este trabajo se propone un enfoque de documentación que combina el modelado del rationale, con foco en las decisiones que se toman en proyectos que utilizan métodos ágiles, con el fin de especificar un lenguaje que fundamente las bases para la construcción de una herramienta que hemos denominado Decisions and rationale modeling language (DRML). El lenguaje es evaluado para documentar el rationale en el marco del proyecto “Sistema Único de Información Indígena (SUIIN)”, en el contexto de una entidad pública que dentro sus procesos tienen un equipo de trabajo conformado por ingenieros de sistemas, enfocados en el desarrollo de software. Dicha evaluación ha permitido establecer que el enfoque brinda la suficiente expresividad para documentar las decisiones y su rationale, sin embargo, presenta limitaciones para escalar el modelado para un número grande de decisiones y sus relaciones.

Objetivo: Verificar nos portais eletrônicos dos municípios do Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha (CRAJUBAR), as informações divulgadas acerca da gestão pública em atendimento à lei de responsabilidade fiscal, lei complementar 131/2009 e ao Decreto nº 7185/2010. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Foram analisados os municípios da Região CRAJUBAR, localizados no sul do Ceará. Os dados utilizados para análise desta pesquisa correspondem ao período de 2012 a 2015 no que se refere aos instrumentos de transparência da gestão fiscal da LRF 101/2000 e o mês de janeiro de 2017 no que se refere à LC 131/2009 e ao Decreto nº 7.185/ 2010. A coleta destes ocorreu por meio dos portais eletrônicos de cada prefeitura. Para análise dos dados coletados, utilizou-se como ferramentas de apoio, a planilha eletrônica Excel versão 2013. Resultados: Concluiu-se que os gestores municipais das prefeituras pesquisadas não obedecem, na integralidade, à publicação em meio eletrônico dos instrumentos referente à transparência da gestão fiscal, no tocante à divulgação de informações pormenorizadas e em tempo real. Contribuições do Estudo: Constatou-se a desobediência aos normativos analisados, implicando em uma verificação da eficiência da aplicação da legislação em análise. A evidenciação da transparência é essencial no processo de gestão. Aborda a discussão sobre a transparência dos recursos públicos constante na LRF e na Lei Complementar nº 131/2009, além de demonstrar a discussão sobre a gestão dos recursos em municípios do estado do Ceará.

Objetivo: Analisar o nível de evidenciação das principais fontes de recursos das Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIPs) situadas na região Nordeste do Brasil, enfocando as subvenções e assistências governamentais, uma vez que estas devem seguir normas, tais como o pronunciamento CPC 07 (R1) e a norma contábil NBC TG 07 (R2). Metodologia: A pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados das demonstrações contábeis obtidas do website do Ministério da Justiça, referente aos anos de 2010 a 2014. Resultados: Observou-se que apenas 27% das OSCIPs da região Nordeste evidenciaram as subvenções e assistências em conformidade com o pronunciamento e a norma citados, e que algumas instituições dessa região não publicam suas demonstrações contábeis em todo o período em análise. Além disso, os testes mostram que as OSCIPs da região Nordeste não apresentaram conformidade contábil quanto à evidenciação das subvenções e assistências governamentais auferidas, demonstrando uma necessidade de melhoria do processo de accountability pelas OSCIPs. Contribuições do estudo: espera-se trazer o debate a respeito da necessidade da elaboração das demonstrações contábeis pelas OSCIPs, bem como da evidenciação de informações que são exigidas pelos CPCs e normas, para que os usuários tenham informações fidedignas sobre a realidade das organizações para o processo de tomada de decisão.

The following paper presents the main results of exploratory research-oriented to the design and implementation of a pattern recognition system for flatfoot identification in children between 5 and 6 years. Patterns were determined from texture analysis of foot thermographic images, and from contour analysis of footprint images. For each case, an artificial neuronal network was trained, with base in a back-propagation algorithm. In each trial, 70 % of data were used for training, and 30 % for validation. For experiments done, success rates greater than 80 % were achieved. The best results were reached with contour patterns reduced by principal components analysis, PCA, in a binary system, with a success rate of 90.84 % in cross-validation. Results are a contribution to the study of diagnostic techniques for flatfoot treatment through the use of technologic tools.

Objetivo: con este artículo de investigación se pretende mostrar la necesidad de medir el progreso de la sostenibilidad en las empresas a partir de la creación de herramientas que facilitan su evaluación y que permiten consolidar organizaciones cada vez más sustentables. Metodología: se desarrolló y aplicó la herramienta EAN Sustainability Index, la cual mostró un análisis de validación y un estudio exploratorio realizado sobre micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas- MiPyMes, en colaboración con la Secretaría Distrital de Desarrollo Económico - SDDE, la Asociación Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia - ANDI y la Universidad EAN. Hallazgo: se encontraron relaciones entre variables económicas internas, las cuales trabajan en conjunto para el crecimiento de la empresa y su dimensión económica, así como vínculos existentes entre variables de la dimensión social y la dimensión ambiental, además de otras variables que trabajan de manera independiente dentro de las organizaciones. Conclusión: El proceso desarrollado permitió conocer la usabilidad de la nueva herramienta EAN Sustainability Index y su interpretación frente a factores sostenibles.

This article reports a comparative study of experimental results obtained during the drying of Castilla-variety coffee beans from Santander, Colombia. They were performed by two means: thermal and electromagnetic radiation. Twenty experiments were carried out, ten tests in a microwave cavity at 2,450 MHz-1,080W, and ten tests using a conventional electric oven with temperature controlled at 50±2oC. Experiments were made using samples of coffee beans with parchment, without parchment, and of the only-parchment. For each sample, dimensionless moisture ratio and diffusion coefficients were determined, according to the second law of Fick. We found that the diffusion coefficient of the samples dried in a microwave cavity was twenty-two times higher than the diffusion coefficient of samples dried with thermal radiation. Likewise, it was observed that samples in conventional oven showed a uniform temperature, in contrast with those heated by microwave radiation. Such results are useful for designing hybrid systems for drying coffee beans.

Purpose: This study aimed to verify on the websites of the municipalities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha (CRAJUBAR), whether information about public management was in compliance with the Fiscal Responsibility Law, Supplementary Law 131/2009 and Decree No. 7185/2010. Methodology: Descriptive study with qualitative approach. The municipalities of the CRAJUBAR Region, located in southern Ceará, were analyzed. The data used for the analysis of this survey refer to the period from 2012 to 2015 concerning the fiscal management transparency instruments of LRF (Fiscal Responsibility Law) No. 101/2000 as well as January 2017 concerning Supplementary Law 131/2009 and Decree No. 7.185/ 2010. Data was collected through the electronic portals of each city office. Excel 2013 spreadsheet was used as a support tool to analyze the collected data. Results: It was found that local managers of the surveyed municipalities do not fully comply with the publication in electronic media of the instruments relating to the fiscal management transparency, as regards the disclosure of detailed information in real time. Contributions of the Study: The non-compliance with the analyzed legislation was found, entailing a verification of efficiency in the application of the legislation under analysis. Transparency disclosure is key in the management process. The study addresses the debate on public resource transparency in the Fiscal Responsibility Law and Supplementary Law 131/2009, in addition to presenting the discussion on resource management in municipalities in the State of Ceará.

Objective: To analyze the level of disclosure of the main sources of funds of Civil Society Organizations of Public Interest (CSOPIs) located in the Northeast region of Brazil, focusing on government subsidies and assistance, since they must follow rules, such as the CPC pronouncement 07 (R1) and the accounting standard NBC TG 07 (R2). Methodology: The research is characterized as a descriptive study of qualitative and quantitative nature, whose data were collected from the financial statements obtained from the website of the Ministry of Justice, for the years 2010 to 2014. Results: It was observed that only 27% of OSCIPs in the Northeast region evidenced subsidies and assistance in accordance with the aforementioned pronouncement and standard, and that some institutions in that region do not publish their financial statements in the analyzed period. In addition, the tests show that OSCIPs in the Northeast region did not present accounting compliance regarding the disclosure of government subsidies and assistance received, demonstrating a need to improve the accountability process by OSCIPs. Contributions of the study: It is expected to bring the debate about the need for the preparation of financial statements by OSCIPs, as well as the disclosure of information that is required by CPCs and standards, so that users have reliable information about the reality of organizations for the decision-making process.

Desde mayo del 2017, en donde se registraron diferentes ataques de Ransomware a escala mundial que afectaron a varias empresas de Europa a causa del WannaCry, ha habido un aumento progresivo entre los años 2018 y 2019 de ataques informáticos que cifran y secuestran los datos, para luego solicitar un rescate por parte de los ciberdelincuentes. Este articulo contiene un análisis de los diferentes métodos para la detección y prevención de malware tipo Ransomware, que afectan principalmente al sistema operativo Windows. Para esto se inició con una caracterización de los diferentes tipos de ransonware, se obtuvieron diversos métodos para la detección y prevención de posibles infecciones y finalmente se crearon familias de controles de acuerdo con el comportamiento del malware, estos controles permiten la reducción de los riesgos de exposición, generando con ello, las recomendaciones pertinentes que pueden ser aplicadas en las organizaciones. En ese sentido, se entrega una introducción alrededor de los conceptos de malware y su ciclo de vida, así mismo, se establece un proceso de medición del impacto con base en la metodología internacional CVSS para la clasificación de las vulnerabilidades, se crea una metodología que permite la clasificación de malware de acuerdo a su nivel de daño, filtrando aquellas con impacto medio y alto, se caracterizaron los métodos de prevención y control, se generaron recomendaciones de controles con base en el impacto de los diferentes tipos de malware y finalmente se entregan las conclusiones.

Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo en 100 familias de medios hermanos (FMH) derivadas de las variedades San Miguel y Oaxaca, y las poblaciones San Miguel x Oaxaca y Oaxaca x San Miguel, en macetas a la intemperie en Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México. Se realizaron cortes cada cinco semanas en otoño-invierno 2013-2014 y cada cuatro semanas en primavera 2014. Las FMH derivadas de San Miguel x Oaxaca y Oaxaca x San Miguel tuvieron en promedio 10 % mayor rendimiento de materia seca (RMS), tasa absoluta de crecimiento (TAC) y relación hoja:tallo (H:T) por planta, que las FMH derivadas de San Miguel y Oaxaca, en cada corte y estación del año. Las FMH derivadas de San Miguel presentaron mayor número de tallos (NT) en invierno y primavera, y menor altura de planta (AP) en primavera que las de Oaxaca y las FMH derivadas de San Miguel x Oaxaca y Oaxaca x San Miguel. El RMS y TAC en primavera fueron 57 y 33 % más altos que en otoño e invierno. La relación H:T en otoño fue 5 % mayor que en invierno y 30 % mayor que en primavera; el mayor NT y AP se presentaron en primavera. La eficiencia en el uso de la radiación (EUR) fue mayor en primavera que en otoño e invierno con los valores más altos en abril. La variabilidad entre las FMH derivadas de San Miguel x Oaxaca y Oaxaca x San Miguel, indica la posibilidad de seleccionar familias superiores en rendimiento de materia seca.

Introducción: En el tratamiento de cáncer gástrico existe un debate activo sobre si el uso de Quimioterapia adyuvante proporciona mayor supervivencia comparada a la cirugía de gastrectomía. El presente estudio identifica el periodo libre de enfermedad en pacientes con cáncer gástrico en estadios clínicos IB, II, IIIA, IIIB y IVA tratados con protocolo McDonald versus cirugía sola. Métodos: El presente estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo fue realizado en pacientes con cáncer gástrico atendidos en Solca-Quito en el período 2002 al 2007. Se determinó la supervivencia en los grupos usando Kaplan Meier. Resultados: Se registraron 67 pacientes en cada grupo. Con estadio IB, 6 casos con protocolo MacDonald tuvieron una supervivencia de 129 semanas VS 18 casos con cirugía, 173.9 semanas (P=0.34). En estadio II, 18 casos con protocolo MacDonald, supervivencia de 132.5 semanas VS 7 casos con cirugía, 173.9 semanas (P=0.053). En estadio IIIA, 20 casos con protocolo MacDonald, supervivencia de 115.4 semanas VS 16 casos con cirugía, 85.9 semanas (P=0.31). En estadio IIIB, 10 casos con protocolo MacDonald, supervivencia de 88.2 semanas VS 9 casos con cirugía, 81.6 semanas (P=0.84). En estadio IVA, 13 casos con protocolo MacDonald, supervivencia de 104.9 semanas VS 17 casos con cirugía, 52.6 semanas (P=0.079). Conclusiones: En el presente estudio no existieron diferencias estadísticas entre la supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer gástrico que fueron sometidos a cirugía con gastrectomía versus los pacientes que fueron sometidos a quimioterapia adyuvante.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Tritrichomonasfoetus in two dairy herds on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. Twenty-one low-volume uterine lavages from cows with a history of reproductive problems in two dairy herds located in the municipality of Sibaté (Cundinamarca) and Ventaquemada (Boyacá) were evaluated. In the first herd, 10 cows were sampled and in the second, 11 cows, based on three inclusion criteria. The uterine lavages were obtained through infusion of physiological saline solution into the uterine body. The samples were centrifuged and seeded in Tritrichomonas basal medium for 10-15 days at 37 ºC. The protozoa were evaluated on the day of sampling and 10 and 15 days after incubation by means of direct viewing under a dark-field microscope. Positive samples were stained with Wright and Lugol to identify the morphological characteristics. This study showed that T. foetus was present in 61.8% of the animals sampled. The determination that T. foetus was present in 61.8% of the samples analyzed is a significant finding given that in the herds evaluated, this agent had not previously been diagnosed.O objetivo do presente estudo, foi determinar a presença de Tritrichomonas foetus em dois rebanhos leiteiros no Altiplano Cundiboyacense. De vacas com um histórico de problemas reprodutivos, foram avaliados 21 lavados uterinos de pequeno volume, em dois rebanhos leiteiros localizados nos municípios de Sibaté (Cundinamarca) e Ventaquemada (Boyacá). No primeiro rebanho, 10 vacas foram amostradas e no segundo 11, baseado em três critérios de inclusão. Os lavados uterinos foram obtidos mediante infusão de solução salina fisiológica no corpo do útero. As amostras foram centrifugadas e semeadas em meio de cultura básico para Tritrichomonas por 10-15 dias a 37 ºC. Os protozoários foram avaliados no dia da colheita de amostras e 10 e 15 dias após incubação por meio de visualização direta sob um microscópio de campo escuro. As amostras positivas foram coradas com Wright e Lugol para identificar as características morfológicas. Este estudo mostrou que T. foetus estava presente em 61,8% dos animais amostrados. A determinação de que T. foetus estava presente em 61,8% das amostras analisadas é um achado significativo, dado que nos rebanhos avaliados, esse agente não tinha sido previamente diagnosticado.

INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos 3 anos, o aumento da procura pela gluteoplastia cresceu em 20% no Brasil. Apesar de ser pergunta frequente nos consultórios de cirurgia plástica, não existem dados na literatura sobre a durabilidade da prótese. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o tempo médio de duração do implante de silicone para gluteoplastia. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo observacional, no qual foram revisados 380 prontuários para obtenção dos dados idade, data de inclusão da prótese e data da reoperação. Foi calculado o tempo médio entre a primeira cirurgia para inclusão do implante e a reoperação para troca ou retirada da prótese. RESULTADOS: Dos 380 casos avaliados, 70 pacientes foram reoperados pelo autor sênior, apenas 2,8% dos casos apresentaram prótese íntegra durante a reoperação e os demais estavam com a prótese rota. A prótese do glúteo direito estava rompida em 100% dos casos e a do glúteo esquerdo, em 80%. CONCLUSÕES: O implante glúteo apresenta tempo de vida útil inferior ao do implante de mama, apesar de ser fabricado com o mesmo material. Esse fato decorre da maior exposição da prótese à tensão por compressão, o que explica sua menor durabilidade estar associada ao estilo de vida e à profissão da paciente.BACKGROUND: Over the last 3 years, there has been an increase in the number of patients requesting gluteoplasty. Despite this increase, there are no published data on the durability of gluteal prostheses. This study evaluated the mean useful life of silicone implants for gluteoplasty. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 380 medical records were reviewed to obtain data on age, the date of prosthesis insertion, and the date of reoperation. The mean time between the first surgery for insertion of the implant and the second surgery for exchanging it for a new one or to remove it was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 380 cases evaluated, 70 patients were reoperated on by the senior author; only 2.8% of these cases showed an intact prosthesis during the reoperation, and all others presented with a ruptured prosthesis. The right and left buttock prostheses were ruptured in 100% and 80% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The useful life of gluteal implants is shorter than that of breast implants despite being manufactured from the same material. This is because gluteal prostheses are subjected to more tension and compression, which are associated with the lifestyle and job of the patient.

A retrospective analysis (2009-2010) of the dermatological, ear and ophtalmological alterations with presumptive clinical diagnosisof mycosis in canines and felines. Objective. To determine the prevalence of dermatological, ear and ophthalmological alterationsclinically presumptive to be caused by fungi and to analyze their occurrence demographically. Materials and methods. We carriedout a retrospective study in a clinic in Bogota for small animals. We reviewed the medical histories of patients who requested medicalappointments due to dermatological, ear and ophtalmological alterations in 2009 and 2010. Results. In the assessed period, the prevalenceof dermatological alterations in dogs was of 7.8%, 4.2% of ear alterations and of 3.3% of ophtalmological alterations. The main etiologicalsuspects through clinical diagnosis were: dermatophytes with an incidence of 86.9% among dermatological alterations, Malasseziawith an 86.5% of incidence in ear alterations, and Candida with 83.3% of incidence in ophtalmological alterations. Statistical analysisof variables showed no association with symptoms or clinically diagnosed etiological agents, but the categorized evaluation showedassociations of races and ages with the etiologies through clinical diagnosis. The diagnosis of fungal etiologies was accomplished in mostcases by clinical findings and less frequently by skin scrapings and ear cytology; in none of the cases a mycological culture was done.The feline population showed no dermatological, ear or ophtalmological alterations compatible with a fungal etiology. Conclusion. In canines, the prevalence of dermatological alterations clinically compatible with dermatophytes was of 86.9%; ear alterations associated with Malassezia were of 86.5%; and ophtalmological alterations Candida-suspected were 83.3%. Final diagnoses were accomplished with the help of clinical findings without following standard diagnostic methodologies such as cultivation.

Obtainment of the variance-covariance matrix through Kronecker products for balanced models of two and three ways withapplications in R. Objective. To present a methodology based on the concept of Kronecker products that facilitates the constructionof the variance and covariance matrix for designs with balanced data structure for 2 and 3 ways, and an application in R to facilitateits calculation and application in different areas. Materials and methods. We provide a starting point for people interested in using Rin the analysis of variance. Results. We use an application made in R for a methodology based on Kronecker products through whichwe build the covariance matrix for working with designs with balanced data structure developed by Moya (2003). We also present anapplication of the method with real data. Conclusions. With this methodology we can accelerate the development and solution of somepractical problems. The proposed methodology can be applied to mixed models with fixed or random effects with any number of factors.

Use of multivariate statistical techniques in profiling and segmentation. Objective.To use the information about the factors identified, by means of correspondence analyses to determine the behavior of the variables to be used to then make a natural segmentation, thus facilitating the interpretation and presentation of results. Materials and methods. We present a new profiling and segmentation approach by using correspondence analyses and classification. Results. By using this methodology we can optimize the determination of segments and the profiling of a set of variables. This procedure allows researchers of different disciplines to present and interpret the results of their research efficiently. Conclusions. The procedure here described enables a simple and quick interpretation of the analysis on many variables, rendering its use and implementation easy.

O mercado é composto pelo Primeiro, Segundo e Terceiro Setor. As OSCIPs sáo entidades do Terceiro Setor que têm como principais fontes de financiamentos às subvenções e as assistências. Este estudo objetiva verificar se as subvenções e assistências governamentais auferidas pelas OSCIPs da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte foram evidenciadas conforme o Pronunciamento Técnico 07 do CPC e a NBC T 19.4 do CFC. A pesquisa é considerada bibliográfica, descritiva e qualitativa, realizando um estudo das Demonstrações Contábeis publicadas no site do Ministério da Justiça no período de 2008. Os resultados apontam que grande parte das OSCIPs evidenciam as subvenções e assistências governamentais em obediência ao Pronunciamento Técnico 07 e a NBC T 19.4. Considera-se que apesar da exigência pela publicaçáo das demonstrações contábeis muitas entidades ainda náo o fazem. Pesquisas futuras podem ser realizadas ampliando a amostra e comparando as OSCIPs do Brasil e de outros países. Palavras-Chave: Terceiro Setor. Subvençáo Governamental. Evidenciaçáo.Assitência Governamental. OSCIPs.

The chemical and isotopic composition of stony coral skeletons form an important archive of past climate. However, these reconstructions are largely based on empirical relationships often complicated by "vital effects" arising from uncertain physiological processes of the coral holobiont. The skeletons of deep-sea corals, such as Desmophyllum dianthus, are characterised by micron-scale or larger geochemical heterogeneity associated with: (1) centres of calcification (COCs) where nucleation of new skeleton begins, and (2) fibres that thicken the skeleton. These features are difficult to sample cleanly using traditional techniques, resulting in uncertainty surrounding both the causes of geochemical differences and their influence on environmental signals. Here we combine optical, and in-situ chemical and isotopic, imaging tools across a range of spatial resolutions (~ 100 nm to 10 s of μm) in a correlative multimodal imaging (CMI) approach to isolate the microstructural geochemistry of each component. This reveals COCs are characterised by higher organic content, Mg, Li and Sr and lower U, B and δ 11 B compared to fibres, reflecting the contrasting biomineralisation mechanisms employed to construct each feature. CMI is rarely applied in Environmental/Earth Sciences, but here we illustrate the power of this approach to unpick the "vital effects" in D. dianthus, and by extension, other scleractinian corals., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet, and mobility during the first approximately 5 years of life. Results show that at least seven horses originated outside of Britain in relatively cold climates, potentially in Scandinavia or the Western Alps. Ancient DNA sexing data indicate no consistent sex-specific mobility patterning, although three of the five females came from exceptionally highly radiogenic regions. Another female with low mobility is suggested to be a sedentary broodmare. Our results provide direct and unprecedented evidence for a variety of horse movement and trading practices in the Middle Ages and highlight the importance of international trade in securing high-quality horses for medieval London elites.

Rationale: Organisms that grow a hard carbonate shell or skeleton, such as foraminifera, corals or molluscs, incorporate trace elements into their shell during growth that reflect the environmental change and biological activity they experienced during life. These geochemical signals locked within the carbonate are archives used in proxy reconstructions to study past environments and climates, to decipher taxonomy of cryptic species and to resolve evolutionary responses to climatic changes., Methods: Here, we use laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as a time-resolved acquisition to quantify the elemental composition of carbonate shells and skeletons. We present the LABLASTER (Laser Ablation BLASt Through Endpoint in R) package, which imports a single time-resolved LA-ICP-MS analysis, then detects when the laser has ablated through the carbonate as a function of change in signal over time and outputs key summary statistics. We provide two examples within the package: a fossil planktic foraminifer and a tropical coral skeleton., Results: We present the first R package that automates the selection of desired data during data reduction workflows. This is achieved by automating the detection of when the laser has ablated through a sample using a smoothed time series, followed by removal of off-target data points. The functions are flexible and adjust dynamically to maximise the duration of the desired geochemical target signal, making this package applicable to a wide range of heterogenous bioarchives. Visualisation tools for manual validation are also included., Conclusions: LABLASTER increases transparency and repeatability by algorithmically identifying when the laser has either ablated fully through a sample or across a mineral boundary and is thus no longer documenting a geochemical signal associated with the desired sample. LABLASTER's focus on better data targeting means more accurate extraction of biological and geochemical signals., (© 2023 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The peat archives are one of the stratigraphic records revealing clearly physical, chemical and biological signals of human influence on the Earth System since the 1950s, at least. The presented study was aimed mainly to identify the level and origin of anthropogenic radionuclides such as 238, 239, 240 Pu in a 210 Pb-dated peat profile derived from the Northern Ural, Russian Federation. As stated, the vertical variability of 240 Pu/ 239 Pu isotopic compositions reflects the nuclear weapons testing history with the maximum in the 1960s and small regional impact most likely of high-yielded tests in the 1950s as well as Chinese detonations in the 1970s. Peat accumulations rates were similar to those obtained in adjacent areas, whereas 210 Pb flux slightly exceeded the reference level established for adequate latitude belt., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Boron isotopic and elemental analysis of coral aragonite can give important insights into the calcification strategies employed in coral skeletal construction. Traditional methods of analysis have limited spatial (and thus temporal) resolution, hindering attempts to unravel skeletal heterogeneity. Laser ablation mass spectrometry allows a much more refined view, and here we employ these techniques to explore boron isotope and co-varying elemental ratios in the tropical coral Siderastrea siderea. We generate two-dimensional maps of the carbonate parameters within the calcification medium that deposited the skeleton, which reveal large heterogeneities in carbonate chemistry across the macro-structure of a coral polyp. These differences have the potential to bias proxy interpretations, and indicate that different processes facilitated precipitation of different parts of the coral skeleton: the low-density columella being precipitated from a fluid with a carbonate composition closer to seawater, compared to the high-density inter-polyp walls where aragonite saturation was ~ 5 times that of external seawater. Therefore, the skeleton does not precipitate from a spatially homogeneous fluid and its different parts may thus have varying sensitivity to environmental stress. This offers new insights into the mechanisms behind the response of the S. siderea skeletal phenotype to ocean acidification.

The good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the bulk CoCrMo alloy has resulted in it being used in the manufacture of implants and load bearing medical devices. These devices, however, can release wear and corrosion products which differ from the composition of the bulk CoCrMo alloy. The physicochemical characteristics of the particles and the associated in vivo reactivity are dictated by the wear mechanisms and electrochemical conditions at the sites of material loss. Debris released from CoCrMo hip bearings, taper junctions, or cement-stem interfaces can, therefore, have different chemical and morphological characteristics, which provide them with different in vivo toxicities. Here, we propose to assess and compare the characteristics of the particles released in vivo from CoCrMo tapers and cement-stem interfaces which have received less attention compared to debris originating from the hip bearings. The study uses state-of-art characterization techniques to provide a detailed understanding of the size, morphology, composition, and chemistry of the particles liberated from the wear and corrosion flakes from revised hip replacements, with an enzymatic treatment. The phase analyses identified Cr 2 O 3 nanoparticles released from tapers and cement-stem interfaces, whose composition did not vary with origin or particle morphology. The size distributions showed significantly smaller particles were released from the stems, compared to the particles originating from the corresponding tapers. The investigation demonstrates that the tribocorrosive processes occurring at the taper and stem interfaces both result in Cr 2 O 3 nanoparticle formation., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Rationale: Boron isotope analysis of marine carbonates by laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) offers the potential for rapid sample throughput, and the means to examine micron-scale variations in the δ 11 B signatures of fossil skeletons and shells/tests of marine organisms. Existing studies demonstrate an acceptable level of reproducibility is achievable, but also typically show a level of accuracy outside the limits required by most applications. Here we investigate matrix interference effects as a cause of inaccuracy and imprecision., Methods: Analyses were performed on a standard format Thermo Scientific Neptune Plus MC-ICP mass spectrometer coupled to a New Wave Research 193 nm ArF laser ablation system. The effects of matrix interference on δ 11 B analysis were investigated through analyses of a set of reference materials with differing B/Ca ratios. Three approaches to correct for matrix-induced effects were trialled: (1) use of matrix-matched standards, (2) utilisation of the relationship between δ 11 B inaccuracy and 11 B/ 43 Ca, 11 B/ 40 ArCa 4+ or 11 B/Ca interference from three reference materials with known δ 11 B values and varying B/Ca ratios, and (3) direct characterisation of the (sloping) interference itself., Results: Matrix interference from scattered Ca ions on 10 B can impede both the accuracy and the reproducibility of δ 11 B analysis by LA-MC-ICP-MS. Based on analyses of two in-house reference materials, deep sea coral PS69/3181 and inorganic calcite UWC-1, we find approach 2, following the 11 B/Ca interference relationship, gives the best mean accuracies (within 0.4‰ of solution values) and external reproducibilities (± 0.5‰ 2 SD for PS69/3181). This approach has been applied to analyses of an annual growth cycle of a Siderastrea siderea coral and eight Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi benthic foraminifera. Both coral and foraminifera data match solution MC-ICP-MS analyses within reported uncertainties., Conclusions: LA-MC-ICP-MS can produce accurate and precise δ 11 B data to a 0.5‰ (2σ) level on <0.3 ng B after correction for Ca interference effects., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Slimak et al challenge the reliability of our oldest (>65,000 years) U-Th dates on carbonates associated with cave paintings in Spain. They cite a supposed lack of parietal art for the 25,000 years following this date, along with potential methodological issues relating to open-system behavior and corrections to detrital or source water 230 Th. We show that their criticisms are unfounded., (Copyright © 2018, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

The extent and nature of symbolic behavior among Neandertals are obscure. Although evidence for Neandertal body ornamentation has been proposed, all cave painting has been attributed to modern humans. Here we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in Maltravieso (Extremadura), and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

The occurrence of damage on polished femoral stems has been widely reported in the literature, and bone cement has been implicated in a tribocorrosive failure process. However, the mechanisms of cement-mediated damage and the impact of cement formulation on this process are not well understood. In this study, 13 Zimmer CPT polished femoral stems, and the corresponding cement specimens were retrieved at revision surgery and analyzed using high-resolution imaging techniques. Surface damage attributed to tribocorrosion was observed on all stems. Corrosion product, in the form of black flaky surface debris, was observed on the surface of cement specimens; both energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) confirmed the presence of cobalt and chromium, with the ICP-MS showing much higher levels of Cr compared to Co when compared to the original stem material. Agglomerates of ZrO 2 radiopacifier were also identified on the cement surface and, in some cases, showed evidence of abrasive wear; the size of these particles correlated well with elliptical pitting evident on the surfaces of the corresponding stems. This evidence supports the hypothesis that agglomerates of hard radiopacifier particles within the cement may induce a wear-dominated tribocorrosive interaction at the stem-cement interface that damages the surface of polished CoCr femoral stems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2027-2033, 2017., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Recent advances in sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) have led to significant sensitivity enhancements that expand the range of radionuclides measurable by ICP-MS. The increasing capability and performance of modern ICP-MS now allows analysis of medium-lived radionuclides previously undertaken using radiometric methods. A new generation ICP-SFMS was configured to achieve sensitivities up to 80,000 counts per second for a 1 ng/L (133)Cs solution, providing a detection limit of 1 pg/L. To extend this approach to environmental samples it has been necessary to develop an effective chemical separation scheme using ultrapure reagents. A procedure incorporating digestion, chemical separation and quantification by ICP-SFMS is presented for detection of the significant fission product radionuclides of cesium ((135)Cs and (137)Cs) at concentrations found in environmental and low level nuclear waste samples. This in turn enables measurement of the (135)Cs/(137)Cs ratio, which varies with the source of nuclear contamination, and can therefore provide a powerful dating and forensic tool compared to radiometric detection of (137)Cs alone. A detection limit in sediment samples of 0.05 ng/kg has been achieved for (135)Cs and (137)Cs, corresponding to 2.0 × 10(-3) and 160 mBq/kg, respectively. The critical issue is ensuring removal of barium to eliminate isobaric interferences arising from (135)Ba and (137)Ba. The ability to reliably measure (135)Cs/(137)Cs using a high specification laboratory ICP-SFMS now enables characterization of waste materials destined for nuclear waste repositories as well as extending options in environmental geochemical and nuclear forensics studies.

A comprehensive review of the analytical literature revealed substantial under-representation of trace element concentrations in fish blood, particularly for marine species. We describe a simple dilution procedure to measure Li, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Ba and Pb concentrations in low volumes of blood plasma of adult plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) using high resolution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Captive male and female plaice (n = 18) were serially sampled for one year and samples collected outside of the spawning season (n = 157) used to estimate reference ranges for this species. Method accuracy was deemed satisfactory, based on its application to the analysis of a certified reference material. Precision was generally <3%, with the most conservative measure of precision being ≤10% for all elements except Pb (∼20%). This is the first study to analyse fish blood plasma by ICP-MS and includes some of the first reference ranges for trace element concentrations in fish blood., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Although strategies for the immobilization of DNA oligonucleotides onto surfaces for bioanalytical and top-down bio-inspired nanobiofabrication approaches are well developed, the effect of introducing spacer molecules between the surface and the DNA oligonucleotide for the hybridization of nanoparticle-DNA conjugates has not been previously assessed in a quantitative manner. The hybridization efficiency of DNA oligonucleotides end-labelled with gold nanoparticles (1.4 or 10 nm diameter) with DNA sequences conjugated to silicon surfaces via hexaethylene glycol phosphate diester oligomer spacers (0, 1, 2, 6 oligomers) was found to be independent of spacer length. To quantify both the density of DNA strands attached to the surfaces and hybridization with the surface-attached DNA, new methodologies have been developed. Firstly, a simple approach based on fluorescence has been developed for determination of the immobilization density of DNA oligonucleotides. Secondly, an approach using mass spectrometry has been created to establish (i) the mean number of DNA oligonucleotides attached to the gold nanoparticles and (ii) the hybridization density of nanoparticle-oligonucleotide conjugates with the silicon surface-attached complementary sequence. These methods and results will be useful for application with nanosensors, the self-assembly of nanoelectronic devices and the attachment of nanoparticles to biomolecules for single-molecule biophysical studies.

Siderophores are chelates produced by bacteria as part of a highly specific iron uptake mechanism. They are thought to be important in the bacterial acquisition of iron in seawater and to influence iron biogeochemistry in the ocean. We have identified and quantified two types of siderophores in seawater samples collected from the Atlantic Ocean. These siderophores were identified as hydroxamate siderophores, both ferrioxamine species representative of the more soluble marine siderophores characterized to date. Ferrioxamine G was widely distributed in surface waters throughout the Atlantic Ocean, while ferrioxamine E had a more varied distribution. Total concentrations of the two siderophores were between 3 and 20 pM in the euphotic zone. If these compounds are fully complexed in seawater, they represent approximately 0.2-4.6% of the <0.2 microm iron pool. Our data confirm that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition is important for marine heterotrophic bacteria and indicate that siderophores play an important role in the oceanic biogeochemical cycling of iron.

Ten international laboratories participated in an inter-laboratory comparison of a fossil bone composite with the objective of producing a matrix and structure-matched reference material for studies of the bio-mineralization of ancient fossil bone. We report the major and trace element compositions of the fossil bone composite, using in-situ method as well as various wet chemical digestion techniques. For major element concentrations, the intra-laboratory analytical precision (%RSD(r)) ranges from 7 to 18%, with higher percentages for Ti and K. The %RSD(r) are smaller than the inter-laboratory analytical precision (%RSD(R); <15-30%). Trace element concentrations vary by approximately 5 orders of magnitude (0.1 mg kg(-1) for Th to 10,000 mg kg(-1) for Ba). The intra-laboratory analytical precision %RSD(r) varies between 8 and 45%. The reproducibility values (%RSD(R)) range from 13 to <50%, although extreme value >100% was found for the high field strength elements (Hf, Th, Zr, Nb). The rare earth element (REE) concentrations, which vary over 3 orders of magnitude, have %RSD(r) and %RSD(R) values at 8-15% and 20-32%, respectively. However, the REE patterns (which are very important for paleo-environmental, taphonomic and paleo-oceanographic analyses) are much more consistent. These data suggest that the complex and unpredictable nature of the mineralogical and chemical composition of fossil bone makes it difficult to set-up and calibrate analytical instruments using conventional standards, and may result in non-spectral matrix effects. We propose an analytical protocol that can be employed in future inter-laboratory studies to produce a certified fossil bone geochemical standard.

A new method for analyzing gold at ultralow concentrations (<10 pg/g) in geological samples has been developed involving HF-aqua regia acid digestion, chromatographic separation of Au from matrix elements using DIBK supported on an inert resin, and analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). This method has an analytical detection limit of 2 parts per trillion (pg/g), significantly lower than most routinely used methods developed for analysis of ore samples with Au concentrations considerably higher than average crustal abundance ( approximately 2 ng/g). Such methods commonly have detection limits in the low nanogram per gram range. Many areas of geological research including ore genesis, crustal mobility and redistribution, planetary differentiation, and plume volcanism require quantitative analysis of geological materials with much lower Au concentrations. We present a rapid, easy to use method where Au is separated from matrix elements onto extractant primed chromatographic resin and analyzed by quadrupole ICPMS. The method is suitable for the relatively rapid analysis of a large number of samples and is reliable over a wide range of concentrations from picogram to microgram per gram level. Analysis of four different geostandards, GXR1, GXR4, CH-3, and SARM 7, yields concentrations within error of the published concentrations with accuracies of >95%.