1,287 results on '"Milner, Thomas"'
Search Results
2. Review of intravascular lithotripsy for treating coronary, peripheral artery, and valve calcifications
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Gruslova, Aleksandra B, Inanc, Ibrahim H, Cilingiroglu, Mehmet, Katta, Nitesh, Milner, Thomas E, and Feldman, Marc D
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Research ,Digestive Diseases ,Assistive Technology ,Heart Disease ,Bioengineering ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,coronary artery disease ,interventional devices/innovation ,peripheral arterial disease ,Coronary Vessels ,Humans ,Calcium ,Treatment Outcome ,Lithotripsy ,Vascular Calcification ,Cardiologists ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
Management of intracoronary calcium (ICC) continues to be a challenge for interventional cardiologists. There have been significant advances in calcium treatment devices. However, there still exists a knowledge gap regarding which devices to choose for the treatment of ICC. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the principles of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) and clinical data. The technique of IVL will then be compared to alternative calcium treatment devices. Clinical data will be reviewed concerning the treatment of coronary, peripheral artery and valvular calcifications. Controversies to be discussed include how to incorporate IVL into your practice, what is the best approach for treating calcium subtypes, how to approach under-expanded stents, what is the ideal technique for performing IVL, how safe is IVL, whether imaging adds value when performing IVL, and how IVL fits into a treatment program for peripheral arteries and calcified valves.
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- 2023
3. Accuracy of OCT Core Labs in Identifying Vulnerable Plaque
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Gruslova, Aleksandra B, Singh, Shashank, Hoyt, Taylor, Vela, Deborah, Vengrenyuk, Yuliya, Buja, L Maximilian, Litovsky, Silvio, Michalek, Joel, Maehara, Akiko, Kini, Annapoorna, Akasaka, Takashi, Garcia-Garcia, Hector M, Jang, Ik-Kyung, Dijkstra, Jouke, Raber, Lorenz, Milner, Thomas E, and Feldman, Marc D
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Clinical sciences - Published
- 2023
4. Current and Emerging Imaging Techniques for Neurofibromatosis Type 1–Associated Cutaneous Neurofibromas
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Li, Yingjoy, Blakeley, Jaishri O, Ly, Ina, Berman, Yemima, Lau, Jonathan, Wolkenstein, Pierre, Bergqvist, Christina, Jia, Wangcun, Milner, Thomas E, Katta, Nitesh, Durkin, Anthony J, Kennedy, Gordon T, Rowland, Rebecca, Romo, Carlos G, Fleming, Jane, and Kelly, Kristen M
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Cancer ,Rare Diseases ,Biomedical Imaging ,Neurosciences ,Neurofibromatosis ,Pediatric ,Humans ,Neurofibromatosis 1 ,Neurofibroma ,Skin Neoplasms ,Ultrasonography ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Dermatology & Venereal Diseases - Abstract
A consistent set of measurement techniques must be applied to reliably and reproducibly evaluate the efficacy of treatments for cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) in people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). cNFs are neurocutaneous tumors that are the most common tumor in people with NF1 and represent an area of unmet clinical need. This review presents the available data regarding approaches in use or development to identify, measure, and track cNFs, including calipers, digital imaging, and high-frequency ultrasound sonography. We also describe emerging technologies such as spatial frequency domain imaging and the application of imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography that may enable the detection of early cNFs and prevention of tumor-associated morbidity.
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- 2023
5. Towards Transcervical Ultrasound Image Guidance for Transoral Robotic Surgery
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Chen, Wanwen, Kalia, Megha, Zeng, Qi, Pang, Emily H. T., Bagherinasab, Razeyeh, Milner, Thomas D., Sabiq, Farahna, Prisman, Eitan, and Salcudean, Septimiu E.
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
Purpose: Trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) using the da Vinci surgical robot is a new minimally-invasive surgery method to treat oropharyngeal tumors, but it is a challenging operation. Augmented reality (AR) based on intra-operative ultrasound (US) has the potential to enhance the visualization of the anatomy and cancerous tumors to provide additional tools for decision-making in surgery. Methods: We propose and carry out preliminary evaluations of a US-guided AR system for TORS, with the transducer placed on the neck for a transcervical view. Firstly, we perform a novel MRI-transcervical 3D US registration study. Secondly, we develop a US-robot calibration method with an optical tracker and an AR system to display the anatomy mesh model in the real-time endoscope images inside the surgeon console. Results: Our AR system reaches a mean projection error of 26.81 and 27.85 pixels for the projection from the US to stereo cameras in a water bath experiment. The average target registration error for MRI to 3D US is 8.90 mm for the 3D US transducer and 5.85 mm for freehand 3D US, and the average distance between the vessel centerlines is 2.32 mm. Conclusion: We demonstrate the first proof-of-concept transcervical US-guided AR system for TORS and the feasibility of trans-cervical 3D US-MRI registration. Our results show that trans-cervical 3D US is a promising technique for TORS image guidance., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by Information Processing for Computer Assisted Interventions (IPCAI 2023)
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- 2022
6. Tissue harvest with a laser microbiopsy (Erratum)
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King, Jason B, Katta, Nitesh, Parekh, Sapun H, Milner, Thomas E, and Tunnell, James W
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Optical Physics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,Optics ,Ophthalmology and optometry ,Biomedical engineering ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.27.12.125001.].
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- 2023
7. Tissue harvest with a laser microbiopsy
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King, Jason B, Katta, Nitesh, Parekh, Sapun H, Milner, Thomas E, and Tunnell, James W
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Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Animals ,Biopsy ,Lasers ,Solid-State ,Microscopy ,Confocal ,Swine ,laser ablation ,microbiopsy ,minimally invasive ,virtual hematoxylin and eosin ,Optical Physics ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,Optics ,Ophthalmology and optometry ,Biomedical engineering ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
SignificanceTraditional pathology workflow suffers from limitations including biopsy invasiveness, small fraction of large tissue samples being analyzed, and complex and time-consuming processing.AimWe address limitations of conventional pathology workflow through development of a laser microbiopsy device for minimally invasive harvest of sub-microliter tissue volumes. Laser microbiopsy combined with rapid diagnostic methods, such as virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) imaging has potential to provide rapid minimally invasive tissue diagnosis.ApproachLaser microbiopsies were harvested using an annular shaped Ho:YAG laser beam focused onto the tissue surface. As the annulus was ablated, the tissue section in the center of the annulus was ejected and collected directly onto a glass slide for analysis. Cryogen spray cooling was used before and after laser harvest to limit thermal damage. Microbiopsies were collected from porcine skin and kidney. Harvested microbiopsies were imaged with confocal microscopy and digitally false colored to provide virtual H&E images.ResultsMicrobiopsies were successfully harvested from porcine skin and kidney. Computational and experimental results show the benefit of cryogen pre- and post-cooling to limit thermal damage. Virtual H&E images of microbiopsies retained observable cellular features including cell nuclei.ConclusionsLaser microbiopsy with virtual H&E imaging shows promise as a potential rapid and minimally invasive tool for biopsy and diagnosis.
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- 2022
8. Scattering angle resolved optical coherence tomography measures morphological changes in Bacillus subtilis colonies
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Barauah, Vikram, Parsa, Shyon, Chowdhury, Naail, Milner, Thomas, and Rylander, Henry Grady
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Physical Sciences ,Ophthalmology and Optometry ,Atomic ,Molecular and Optical Physics ,Biomedical Imaging ,Neurodegenerative ,Bioengineering ,Infectious Diseases ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence ,Bacillus subtilis ,Image Interpretation ,Computer-Assisted ,bacteria ,optical coherence tomography ,scattering angle resolved optical coherence tomography ,scattering angle distribution ,Optical Physics ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,Optics ,Ophthalmology and optometry ,Biomedical engineering ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
SignificanceAn unmet need is recognized for early detection and diagnosis of neurological diseases. Many psychological markers emerge years after disease onset. Mitochondrial dysfunction and corresponding neurodegeneration occur before onset of large-scale cell and tissue pathology. Early detection of subcellular morphology changes could serve as a beacon for early detection of neurological diseases. This study is on bacterial colonies, Bacillus subtilis, which are similar in size to mitochondria.AimThis study investigates whether morphological changes can be detected in Bacillus subtilis using scattering angle resolved optical coherence tomography (SAR-OCT).ApproachThe SAR-OCT was applied to detect scattering angle distribution changes in Bacillus subtilis. The rod-to-coccus shape transition of the bacteria was imaged, and the backscattering angle was analyzed by recording the distribution of the ratio of low- to medium angle scattering (L/M ratio). Bacillus orientation at different locations in colonies was analytically modeled and compared with SAR-OCT results.ResultsSignificant differences in the distribution of backscattering angle were observed in Bacillus subtilis transitioning from rod-to-coccus shapes. In Bacillus subtilis, the C -parameter of the Burr distribution of the SAR-OCT-derived L/M ratio was significantly smaller in coccus compared with rod-shaped bacteria. SAR-OCT-derived L/M ratio varied with bacterial position in the colony and is consistent with predicted orientations from previous studies.ConclusionsStudy results support the potential of utilizing SAR-OCT to detect bacterial morphological changes.
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- 2022
9. Fiber-laser platform for precision brain surgery.
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Katta, Nitesh, Estrada, Arnoldo D, McErloy, Austin B, and Milner, Thomas E
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Engineering ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Neurosciences ,Biomedical Imaging ,Biotechnology ,Optical Physics ,Materials Engineering ,Ophthalmology and optometry ,Biomedical engineering ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
Minimally invasive neurological surgeries are increasingly being sought after for treatment in neurological pathologies and oncology. A critical limitation in these minimally invasive procedures is lack of specialized tools that allow for space-time controlled delivery of sufficient energy for coagulation and cutting of tissue. Advent of fiber-lasers provide high average power with improved beam quality (lower M2), biocompatible silica fiber delivery, reduced cost of manufacturing, and radiant output stability over long operating periods. Despite these advancements, no fiber-laser based surgical tools are currently available for tissue resection in vivo. Here we demonstrate a first to our knowledge, fiber-laser platform for performing precise brain surgery in a murine brain model. In this study, our primary aims were to first demonstrate efficacy of fiber-lasers in performing precise blood-less surgery in a murine brain with limited non-specific thermal damage. Second, fiber-lasers' ability to deliver radiant energy through biocompatible silica fibers was explored in a murine brain model for blood less resection. A bench-top optical coherence tomography (OCT) guided fiber-laser platform was constructed with a stereotactic stage for performing precision brain surgery. A pulsed quasi-continuous wave ytterbium (Yb) fiber-laser (1.07 µm) was used to perform vascular specific coagulation while a pulsed nanosecond thulium fiber-laser (1.94 µm) was used to conduct bloodless cutting, all under the guidance of a swept-source OCT system centered at 1310 +/- 70 nm. Specialty linear and circular cuts were made in an in vivo murine brain for bloodless brain tissue resection. The two fiber-lasers were combined into a single biocompatible silica fiber to conduct brain surgery resection under the bench-top OCT system's imaging microscope. Vascular specific coagulation was demonstrated in all five mice studied. Bloodless linear cuts and point cuts were demonstrated in vivo. Histologically, thermal injury was measured to be less than 100 µm while a removal rate of close to 5 mm3/s was achieved with an average Tm fiber-laser power of 15 W. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a fiber-laser platform for conducting in vivo bloodless brain tissue resection with a pulsed thulium (Tm) fiber-laser and a quasi-continuous wave (QCW) Yb fiber-laser. The demonstrated fiber-laser platform, if successfully configured for use in the operating room (OR), can provide surgeons a tool for rapid removal of tissue while making surgical resections of brain regions more precise, and can be basis for a flexible cutting tool capable of reaching hard-to-operate regions.
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- 2022
10. Towards transcervical ultrasound image guidance for transoral robotic surgery
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Chen, Wanwen, Kalia, Megha, Zeng, Qi, Pang, Emily H. T., Bagherinasab, Razeyeh, Milner, Thomas D., Sabiq, Farahna, Prisman, Eitan, and Salcudean, Septimiu E.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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11. Laser coagulation and hemostasis of large diameter blood vessels: effect of shear stress and flow velocity
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Katta, Nitesh, Santos, Daniel, McElroy, Austin B, Estrada, Arnold D, Das, Glori, Mohsin, Mohammad, Donovan, Moses, and Milner, Thomas E
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Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering ,Engineering ,Hematology ,Clinical Research ,Blood Coagulation ,Blood Flow Velocity ,Blood Vessels ,Hemostasis ,Humans ,Laser Coagulation ,Laser Therapy ,Port-Wine Stain - Abstract
Photocoagulation of blood vessels offers unambiguous advantages to current radiofrequency approaches considering the high specificity of blood absorption at available laser wavelengths (e.g., 532 nm and 1.064 µm). Successful treatment of pediatric vascular lesions, such as port-wine stains requiring microvascular hemostasis, has been documented. Although laser treatments have been successful in smaller diameter blood vessels, photocoagulation of larger sized vessels is less effective. The hypothesis for this study is that a primary limitation in laser coagulation of large diameter blood vessels (500-1000 µm) originates from shear stress gradients associated with higher flow velocities along with temperature-dependent viscosity changes. Laser (1.07 µm) coagulation of blood vessels was tested in the chicken chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). A finite element model is developed that includes hypothetical limitations in laser coagulation during irradiation. A protocol to specify laser dosimetry is derived from OCT imaging and angiography observations as well as finite element model results. Laser dosimetry is applied in the CAM model to test the experimental hypothesis that blood shear stress and flow velocity are important parameters for laser coagulation and hemostasis of large diameter blood vessels (500-1000 µm). Our experimental results suggest that shear stress and flow velocity are fundamental in the coagulation of large diameter blood vessels (500-1000 µm). Laser dosimetry is proposed and demonstrated for successful coagulation and hemostasis of large diameter CAM blood vessels.
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- 2022
12. EARLY DETECTION OF CUTANEOUS NEUROFIBROMAS USING NON-INVASIVE OPTICAL IMAGING METHODS
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Jia, Wangcun, Katta, Nitesh, Kennedy, Gordon, Sierra, Rafael A, Durkin, Anthony J, Nelson, J Stuart, Milner, Thomas, Kelly, Kristen M, and Rowland, Rebecca
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Clinical Sciences ,Dermatology & Venereal Diseases - Published
- 2022
13. Mechanisms of Pulse Modulated Holmium:YAG Lithotripsy
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King, Jason B, Katta, Nitesh, Teichman, Joel MH, Tunnell, James W, and Milner, Thomas E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Urologic Diseases ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Calculi ,Holmium ,Humans ,Lasers ,Solid-State ,Lithotripsy ,Lithotripsy ,Laser ,Phantoms ,Imaging ,laser lithotripsy ,pulse modulation ,Holmium:YAG ,ablation mechanism ,Urology & Nephrology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at answering three research questions: (1) Under the experimental conditions studied, what is the dominant mechanism of Holmium:YAG lithotripsy with or without pulse modulation? (2) Under what circumstances can laser pulse modulation increase crater volume of stone ablation per joule of emitted radiant energy? (3) Are BegoStone phantoms a suitable model for laser lithotripsy studies? Materials and Methods: The research questions were addressed by ablation experiments with BegoStone phantoms and native stones. Experiments were performed under three stone conditions: dry stones in air, hydrated stones in air, and hydrated stones in water. Single pulses with and without pulse modulation were applied. For each pulse mode, temporal profile, transmission through 1 mm water, and cavitation bubble collapse pressures were measured and compared. For each stone condition and pulse mode, stones were ablated with a fiber separation distance of 1 mm and crater volumes were measured using optical coherence tomography. Results: Pulses with and without pulse modulation had high (>80%) transmission through 1 mm of water. Pulses without pulse modulation generated much higher peak pressures than those with pulse modulation (62.3 vs 11.4 bar). Pulse modulation resulted in similar or larger craters than without pulse modulation. Trends in BegoStone crater volumes differed from trends in native stones. Conclusions: This results of this study suggest that the dominant mechanism is photothermal with possible photoacoustic contributions for some stone compositions. Pulse modulation can increase ablation volume per joule of emitted radiant energy, but the effect may be composition specific. BegoStones showed unique infrared ablation characteristics compared with native stones and are not a suitable model for laser lithotripsy studies.
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- 2021
14. Data automated bag breathing unit for COVID-19 ventilator shortages
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Gruslova, Aleksandra B, Katta, Nitesh, Cabe, Andrew G, Jenney, Scott F, Valvano, Jonathan W, Phillips, Tim B, McElroy, Austin B, LaSalle, Robert K, Zahedivash, Aydin, Truskett, Van N, Viswanathan, Nishi, Feldman, Marc D, Wettstein, Richard B, Milner, Thomas E, and Derdak, Stephen
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ,Bioengineering ,Assistive Technology ,Lung ,Respiratory ,ABBU ,Emergency resuscitator ,Bag valve resuscitator ,Lung injury ,Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,COVID-19 ,Ventilator shortage ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global mechanical ventilator shortage for treatment of severe acute respiratory failure. Development of novel breathing devices has been proposed as a low cost, rapid solution when full-featured ventilators are unavailable. Here we report the design, bench testing and preclinical results for an 'Automated Bag Breathing Unit' (ABBU). Output parameters were validated with mechanical test lungs followed by animal model testing.ResultsThe ABBU design uses a programmable motor-driven wheel assembled for adult resuscitation bag-valve compression. ABBU can control tidal volume (200-800 ml), respiratory rate (10-40 bpm), inspiratory time (0.5-1.5 s), assist pressure sensing (- 1 to - 20 cm H2O), manual PEEP valve (0-20 cm H2O). All set values are displayed on an LCD screen. Bench testing with lung simulators (Michigan 1600, SmartLung 2000) yielded consistent tidal volume delivery at compliances of 20, 40 and 70 (mL/cm H2O). The delivered fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) decreased with increasing minute ventilation (VE), from 98 to 47% when VE was increased from 4 to 16 L/min using a fixed oxygen flow source of 5 L/min. ABBU was tested in Berkshire pigs (n = 6, weight of 50.8 ± 2.6 kg) utilizing normal lung model and saline lavage induced lung injury. Arterial blood gases were measured following changes in tidal volume (200-800 ml), respiratory rate (10-40 bpm), and PEEP (5-20 cm H2O) at baseline and after lung lavage. Physiological levels of PaCO2 (≤ 40 mm Hg [5.3 kPa]) were achieved in all animals at baseline and following lavage injury. PaO2 increased in lavage injured lungs in response to incremental PEEP (5-20 cm H2O) (p
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- 2021
15. Decisional regret, symptom burden, and quality of life following transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer
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Kwon, Jamie Jae Young, Liu, Alice Q., Milner, Thomas D., and Prisman, Eitan
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- 2023
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16. Collaborations and Accomplishments Among the Bridge Ventilator Consortium Teams
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Hakimi, Amir A., Rajan, Govind, Wong, Brian J. F., Milner, Thomas E., McElroy, Austin, Hakimi, Amir A., editor, Milner, Thomas E., editor, Rajan, Govind R., editor, and Wong, Brian J-F, editor
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- 2022
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17. Incorporating Patient Assist Mode: The ABBU Experience
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Gruslova, Aleksandra B., Katta, Nitesh, Cabe, Andrew G., Jenney, Scott F., Valvano, Jonathan W., Phillips, Tim B., McElroy, Austin B., LaSalle, Robert K., Zahedivash, Aydin, Truskett, Van N., Viswanathan, Nishi, Feldman, Marc D., Wettstein, Richard, Milner, Thomas E., Derdak, Stephen, Hakimi, Amir A., editor, Milner, Thomas E., editor, Rajan, Govind R., editor, and Wong, Brian J-F, editor
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- 2022
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18. Preclinical Animal Testing of Emergency Resuscitator Breathing Devices
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Gruslova, Aleksandra B., Katta, Nitesh, Cabe, Andrew G., Jenney, Scott F., Valvano, Jonathan W., Phillips, Tim B., McElroy, Austin B., Truskett, Van N., Viswanathan, Nishi, Feldman, Marc D., Milner, Thomas E., Wettstein, Richard, Derdak, Stephen, Hakimi, Amir A., editor, Milner, Thomas E., editor, Rajan, Govind R., editor, and Wong, Brian J-F, editor
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- 2022
- Full Text
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19. Software Considerations
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McElroy, Austin, Katta, Nitesh, Jenney, Scott F., Phillips, Tim B., Milner, Thomas E., Hakimi, Amir A., editor, Milner, Thomas E., editor, Rajan, Govind R., editor, and Wong, Brian J-F, editor
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- 2022
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20. Hardware Considerations
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McElroy, Austin, Katta, Nitesh, Jenney, Scott F., Phillips, Tim B., Milner, Thomas E., Hakimi, Amir A., editor, Milner, Thomas E., editor, Rajan, Govind R., editor, and Wong, Brian J-F, editor
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- 2022
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21. Laser nanobubbles induce immunogenic cell death in breast cancer
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Nguyen, Hieu TM, Katta, Nitesh, Widman, Jessica A, Takematsu, Eri, Feng, Xu, Torres-Hurtado, Susana A, Betancourt, Tania, Baker, Aaron B, Suggs, Laura J, Milner, Thomas E, and Tunnell, James W
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Engineering ,Chemical Sciences ,Physical Sciences ,Immunization ,Breast Cancer ,Cancer ,Vaccine Related ,Nanotechnology ,Bioengineering ,Generic health relevance ,Breast Neoplasms ,Calreticulin ,HMGB1 Protein ,Humans ,Immunogenic Cell Death ,Lasers ,Technology ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ,Chemical sciences ,Physical sciences - Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have highlighted a need for therapeutics that initiate immunogenic cell death in tumors to stimulate the body's immune response to cancer. This study examines whether laser-generated bubbles surrounding nanoparticles ("nanobubbles") induce an immunogenic response for cancer treatment. A single nanosecond laser pulse at 1064 nm generates micron-sized bubbles surrounding gold nanorods in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells. Cell death occurred in cells treated with nanorods and irradiated, but not in cells with irradiation treatment alone. Cells treated with nanorods and irradiation had increased damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including increased expression of chaperone proteins human high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). This enhanced expression of DAMPs led to the activation of dendritic cells. Overall, this treatment approach is a rapid and highly specific method to eradicate tumor cells with simultaneous immunogenic cell death signaling, showing potential as a combination strategy for immunotherapy.
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- 2021
22. Group Refractive Index of Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Transparent Cranial Implants
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Halaney, David L, Katta, Nitesh, Fallah, Hamidreza, Aguilar, Guillermo, and Milner, Thomas E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Dentistry ,Neurosciences ,Bioengineering ,Biomedical Imaging ,brain ,chromatic dispersion ,cranial implant ,group refractive index ,imaging ,optical coherence tomography ,window to the brain ,Other Biological Sciences ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medical Biotechnology ,Industrial biotechnology ,Medical biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Transparent "Window to the Brain" (WttB) cranial implants made from a biocompatible ceramic, nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (nc-YSZ), were recently reported. These reports demonstrated chronic brain imaging across the implants in mice using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser speckle imaging. However, optical properties of these transparent cranial implants are neither completely characterized nor completely understood. In this study, we measure optical properties of the implant using a swept source OCT system with a spectral range of 136 nm centered at 1,300 nm to characterize the group refractive index of the nc-YSZ window, over a narrow range of temperatures at which the implant may be used during imaging or therapy (20-43°C). Group refractive index was found to be 2.1-2.2 for OCT imaging over this temperature range. Chromatic dispersion for this spectral range was observed to vary over the sample, sometimes flipping signs between normal and anomalous dispersion. These properties of nc-YSZ should be considered when designing optical systems and procedures that propagate light through the window, and when interpreting OCT brain images acquired across the window.
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- 2021
23. Scattering Angle Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography Detects Early Changes in 3xTg Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.
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Gardner, Michael R, Baruah, Vikram, Vargas, Gracie, Motamedi, Massoud, Milner, Thomas E, and Rylander, Henry G
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Alzheimer's disease ,light scattering ,mouse model ,neurodegeneration ,optical coherence tomography ,Alzheimers disease ,Biomedical Engineering ,Opthalmology and Optometry - Abstract
PurposeClinical intensity-based optical coherence tomographic retinal imaging is unable to resolve some of the earliest changes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons. The aim of this pilot study was to demonstrate that scattering-angle-resolved optical coherence tomography (SAR-OCT), which is sensitive to changes in light scattering angle, is a candidate retinal imaging modality for early AD detection. SAR-OCT signal data may be sensitive to changes in intracellular constituent morphology that are not detectable with conventional OCT.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, retinas of a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) were imaged alongside age-matched control mice (C57BL/6J) using SAR-OCT. A total of 32 mice (12 control, 20 3xTg-Ad) at four ages (10, 20, 30, and 45 weeks) were included in this cross-sectional study, and three retinal feature sets (scattering, thickness, and angiography) were examined between the disease and control groups.ResultsAD mice had significantly increased scattering diversity (lower SAR-OCT C parameter) at the earliest imaging time (10 weeks). Differences in the C parameter between AD and control mice were diminished at later times when both groups showed increased scattering diversity. AD mice have reduced retinal thickness compared to controls, particularly in central regions and superficial layers. No differences in vascular density or fractional blood volume between groups were detected.ConclusionsSAR-OCT is sensitive to scattering angle changes in a 3xTg-AD mouse model and could provide early-stage biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.Translational relevanceClinical OCT systems may be modified to record SAR-OCT images for non-invasive retinal diagnostic imaging of patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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- 2020
24. What Is a Bridge Ventilator? Basic Requirements, the Bag Valve Mask, and the Breathing Circuit
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Hakimi, Amir A., Rajan, Govind, Wong, Brian J. F., Milner, Thomas E., McElroy, Austin, Hakimi, Amir A., editor, Milner, Thomas E., editor, Rajan, Govind R., editor, and Wong, Brian J-F, editor
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- 2022
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25. Validation of the novel Deep Reality Viewer (DRV) 3D digital stereo viewer in otology surgery
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Milner, Thomas D., Denton, Oliver, Moen, Christy M., and Iyer, Arunachalam
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- 2022
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26. Deltopectoral Flap Reconstruction of the Posterior Pharyngeal Wall: A Single Stage Pedicle Flap Alternative Solution to the Free Flap Reconstruction of Circumferential Laryngopharyngeal Defects
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Kang, Swee Keong, Qamar, Sabih Nadeem, Tikka, Theofano, and Milner, Thomas Daniel
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- 2022
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27. MP63-01 THE IMPACT OF IRRIGATION FLUID TEMPERATURE ON SUPERPULSE THULIUM FIBER LASER STONE ABLATION
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Cumpanas, Andrei Dragos, primary, Katta, Nitesh, additional, Wu, Yi Xi, additional, Gorgen, Antonio R. H., additional, Tsai, Jacob C., additional, Vu, Thao N., additional, Hernandez, Mariah C., additional, Vo, Kelvin, additional, Villaroel, Jaime Altamirano, additional, Gao, Bruce, additional, Tano, Zachary E., additional, Jiang, Pengbo, additional, Patel, Roshan M., additional, Milner, Thomas, additional, Landman, Jaime, additional, and Clayman, Ralph V., additional
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- 2024
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28. MP43-12 EFFECT OF PULSE MODULATION ON STONE ABLATION USING A DIODE-PUMPED TM:YAG LASER
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Katta, Nitesh, primary, Sikorski, Katherine Lydia, additional, Teichman, Joel, additional, and Milner, Thomas E., additional
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- 2024
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29. Scattering-Angle-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography of a Hypoxic Mouse Retina Model.
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Gardner, Michael, Rahman, Ayesha, Milner, Thomas, and Rylander, Henry
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Optical coherence tomography ,angle-resolved imaging ,hypoxia ,mouse ,retinal imaging - Abstract
Several studies have noted a correlation between retinal degeneration and traumatic encephalopathy (TE) making the retina a leading candidate for detection and assessment. Scattering-angle-resolved optical coherence tomography (SAR-OCT) is a candidate imaging modality to detect sub-resolution changes in retinal microstructure. SAR-OCT images of murine retinas that experience a hypoxic insult-euthanasia by isoflurane overdose-are presented. A total of 4 SAR-OCT measurement parameters are reported in 6 longitudinal experiments: blood flow volume fraction, total retinal thickness, reflectance index, and scattering angle. As each mouse expires, blood flow volume fraction decreases, total retinal thickness increases, reflectance index decreases, and scattering angle diversity increases. Contribution of the retinal vasculature to scattering angle diversity is discussed. Results of this study suggest the utility of SAR-OCT to measure TE using scattering angle diversity contrast in the retina.
- Published
- 2019
30. Laser brain cancer surgery in a xenograft model guided by optical coherence tomography.
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Katta, Nitesh, Estrada, Arnold D, McElroy, Austin B, Gruslova, Aleksandra, Oglesby, Meagan, Cabe, Andrew G, Feldman, Marc D, Fleming, Ry Declan, Brenner, Andrew J, and Milner, Thomas E
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Animals ,Humans ,Mice ,Glioblastoma ,Brain Neoplasms ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence ,Surgery ,Computer-Assisted ,Transplantation ,Heterologous ,Neoplasm Transplantation ,Laser Therapy ,Optical Coherence Tomography ,brain cancer ,image-guided surgery ,laser ablation ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Surgery ,Computer-Assisted ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence ,Transplantation ,Heterologous ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Higher precision surgical devices are needed for tumor resections near critical brain structures. The goal of this study is to demonstrate feasibility of a system capable of precise and bloodless tumor ablation. An image-guided laser surgical system is presented for excision of brain tumors in vivo in a murine xenograft model. The system combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance with surgical lasers for high-precision tumor ablation (Er:YAG) and microcirculation coagulation (Thulium (Tm) fiber laser). Methods: A fluorescent human glioblastoma cell line was injected into mice and allowed to grow four weeks. Craniotomies were performed and tumors were imaged with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The mice were subsequently OCT imaged prior, during and after laser coagulation and/or ablation. The prior OCT images were used to compute three-dimensional tumor margin and angiography images, which guided the coagulation and ablation steps. Histology of the treated regions was then compared to post-treatment OCT images. Results: Tumor sizing based on OCT margin detection matched histology to within experimental error. Although fluorescence microscopy imaging showed the tumors were collocated with OCT imaging, margin assessment using confocal microscopy failed to see the extent of the tumor beyond ~ 250 µm in depth, as verified by OCT and histology. The two-laser approach to surgery utilizing Tm wavelength for coagulation and Er:YAG for ablation yielded bloodless resection of tumor regions with minimal residual damage as seen in histology. Conclusion: Precise and bloodless tumor resection under OCT image guidance is demonstrated in the murine xenograft brain cancer model. Tumor margins and vasculature are accurately made visible without need for exogenous contrast agents.
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- 2019
31. Association of circadian dysregulation with retinal degeneration and Alzheimer's disease: a special focus on Muller glial cells.
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Das, Glori and Milner, Thomas E.
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ALZHEIMER'S disease ,CHRONOBIOLOGY disorders ,OPTICAL coherence tomography ,RETINAL degeneration ,NEUROGLIA - Abstract
This review examines circadian dysregulation and the role of Müller glial cells (MGCs) in retinal degeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence supporting the interdependence of circadian rhythm (CR) disruption and AD progression is presented. Also reviweed are reports substantiating the role of MGCs in maintaining CR. Studies documenting MGC dysfunction in AD retinas suggest that gliosis, altered diurnal patterns in water homeostasis, blood-retina barrier breakdown, and impaired ocular glymphatic clearance are relevant to disease progression. Similarities between AD and various retinopathies are explored with respect to MGC physiology and CR dysfunction. We propose that MGC circadian dysregulation is diagnostically and therapeutically relevant to AD retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. In situ process monitoring in selective laser sintering using optical coherence tomography
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Gardner, Michael R, Lewis, Adam, Park, Jongwan, McElroy, Austin B, Estrada, Arnold D, Fish, Scott, Beaman, Joseph J, and Milner, Thomas E
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Manufacturing Engineering ,Engineering ,Biomedical Imaging ,additive manufacturing ,optical coherence tomography ,process monitoring ,selective laser sintering ,Optical Physics ,Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Optics ,Electrical engineering ,Computer vision and multimedia computation ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an efficient process in additive manufacturing that enables rapid part production from computer-based designs. However, SLS is limited by its notable lack of in-situ process monitoring when compared to other manufacturing processes. We report the incorporation of optical coherence tomography into an SLS system in detail and demonstrate access to surface and sub-surface features. Video frame rate cross-sectional imaging reveals areas of sintering uniformity and areas of excessive heat error with high temporal resolution. We propose a set of image processing techniques for SLS process monitoring with OCT and report the limitations and obstacles for further OCT integration with SLS systems.
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- 2018
33. Establishment of the Bridge Ventilator Consortium
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Hakimi, Amir A., Milner, Thomas E., Rajan, Govind, Wong, Brian J. F., Hakimi, Amir A., editor, Milner, Thomas E., editor, Rajan, Govind R., editor, and Wong, Brian J-F, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Accuracy of OCT Core Labs in Identifying Vulnerable Plaque
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Gruslova, Aleksandra B., primary, Singh, Shashank, additional, Hoyt, Taylor, additional, Vela, Deborah, additional, Vengrenyuk, Yuliya, additional, Buja, L. Maximilian, additional, Litovsky, Silvio, additional, Michalek, Joel, additional, Maehara, Akiko, additional, Kini, Annapoorna, additional, Akasaka, Takashi, additional, Garcia-Garcia, Hector M., additional, Jang, Ik-Kyung, additional, Dijkstra, Jouke, additional, Raber, Lorenz, additional, Milner, Thomas E., additional, and Feldman, Marc D., additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Evaluating the benefit of virtual surgical planning on bony union rates in head and neck reconstructive surgery
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Sabiq, Farahna, primary, Cherukupalli, Abhiram, additional, Khalil, Mohammad, additional, Tran, Linh K., additional, Kwon, Jamie J. Y., additional, Milner, Thomas, additional, Durham, James S., additional, and Prisman, Eitan, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Contribution of cavitation and photothermal effects in laser lithotripsy
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Katta, Nitesh, primary, Sikorski, Katherine L., additional, Teichman, Joel, additional, and Milner, Thomas E., additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Intravascular OCT Imaging Artifacts
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Phipps, Jennifer E., Hoyt, Taylor, Halaney, David, Mancuso, J. Jacob, Elahi, Sahar, Cabe, Andrew, Cilingiroglu, Mehmet, Milner, Thomas E., Feldman, Marc D., and Jang, Ik-Kyung, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Abstract 11941: Accuracy of OCT Core Labs in Determining Coronary Artery Plaque Composition
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Gruslova, Aleksandra, Singh, Shashank, Hoyt, Taylor, Vela, Deborah, Vengrenyuk, Yuliya, Buja, Louis M, Litovsky, Silvio, Michalek, Joel, Maehara, Akiko, Kini, Annapoorna, Akasaka, Takashi, Garcia-Garcia, Hector, Jang, Ik-kyung, Dijkstra, Jouke, Raber, Lorenz, Milner, Thomas, and Feldman, Marc D
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Nondestructive tissue analysis for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis using a handheld mass spectrometry system
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Zhang, Jialing, Rector, John, Lin, John Q, Young, Jonathan H, Sans, Marta, Katta, Nitesh, Giese, Noah, Yu, Wendong, Nagi, Chandandeep, Suliburk, James, Liu, Jinsong, Bensussan, Alena, DeHoog, Rachel J, Garza, Kyana Y, Ludolph, Benjamin, Sorace, Anna G, Syed, Anum, Zahedivash, Aydin, Milner, Thomas E, and Eberlin, Livia S
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Breast Cancer ,Rare Diseases ,Lung ,Biotechnology ,Cancer ,Bioengineering ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Animals ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Female ,Humans ,Intraoperative Care ,Mass Spectrometry ,Mice ,Nude ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Neoplasms ,Organ Specificity ,Principal Component Analysis ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Medical biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Conventional methods for histopathologic tissue diagnosis are labor- and time-intensive and can delay decision-making during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We report the development of an automated and biocompatible handheld mass spectrometry device for rapid and nondestructive diagnosis of human cancer tissues. The device, named MasSpec Pen, enables controlled and automated delivery of a discrete water droplet to a tissue surface for efficient extraction of biomolecules. We used the MasSpec Pen for ex vivo molecular analysis of 20 human cancer thin tissue sections and 253 human patient tissue samples including normal and cancerous tissues from breast, lung, thyroid, and ovary. The mass spectra obtained presented rich molecular profiles characterized by a variety of potential cancer biomarkers identified as metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Statistical classifiers built from the histologically validated molecular database allowed cancer prediction with high sensitivity (96.4%), specificity (96.2%), and overall accuracy (96.3%), as well as prediction of benign and malignant thyroid tumors and different histologic subtypes of lung cancer. Notably, our classifier allowed accurate diagnosis of cancer in marginal tumor regions presenting mixed histologic composition. Last, we demonstrate that the MasSpec Pen is suited for in vivo cancer diagnosis during surgery performed in tumor-bearing mouse models, without causing any observable tissue harm or stress to the animal. Our results provide evidence that the MasSpec Pen could potentially be used as a clinical and intraoperative technology for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis.
- Published
- 2017
40. Assessment of Vascular Patency and Inflammation with Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Superficial Femoral Artery Disease Treated with Zilver PTX Stents
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Hoyt, Taylor, Feldman, Marc D., Okutucu, Sercan, Lendel, Vasili, Marmagkiolis, Konstantinos, McIntosh, Victoria, Ates, Ismail, Kose, Gulcan, Mego, David, Paixao, Andre, Iliescu, Cezar, Park, Jongwan, Shaar, Mohammad, Avci, Recep, McElroy, Austin, Dijkstra, Jouke, Milner, Thomas E., and Cilingiroglu, Mehmet
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Diagnosis of Thin-Capped Fibroatheromas in Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Images
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Phipps, Jennifer E, Hoyt, Taylor, Vela, Deborah, Wang, Tianyi, Michalek, Joel E, Buja, L Maximilian, Jang, Ik-Kyung, Milner, Thomas E, and Feldman, Marc D
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Aged ,Biopsy ,Cadaver ,Coronary Vessels ,Female ,Fibrosis ,Humans ,Light ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Plaque ,Atherosclerotic ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Reproducibility of Results ,Scattering ,Radiation ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence ,atherosclerosis ,lipids ,myocytes ,smooth muscle ,plaque ,amyloid ,tomography ,optical coherence ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) images are recorded by detecting light backscattered within coronary arteries. We hypothesize that non-thin-capped fibroatheroma (TCFA) causes may scatter light to create the false appearance of IVOCT TCFA. Ten human cadaver hearts were imaged with IVOCT (n=14 coronary arteries). IVOCT and histological TCFA images were coregistered and compared. Of 21 IVOCT TCFAs (fibrous cap 1 quadrant), only 8 were true histological TCFA. Foam cell infiltration was responsible for 70% of false IVOCT TCFA and caused both thick-capped fibroatheromas to appear as TCFA, and the appearance of TCFAs when no lipid core was present. Other false IVOCT TCFA causes included smooth muscle cell-rich fibrous tissue (12%) and loose connective tissue (9%). If the lipid arc >1 quadrant (obtuse) criterion was disregarded, 45 IVOCT TCFAs were identified, and sensitivity of IVOCT TCFA detection increased from 63% to 87%, and specificity remained high at 92%. We demonstrate that IVOCT can exhibit 87% (95% CI, 75%-93%) sensitivity and 92% specificity (95% CI, 86%-96%) to detect all lipid arcs (both obtuse and acute, 1 quadrant requirement enhances the ability of IVOCT to detect TCFA.
- Published
- 2016
42. Incidence and complications of hypothyroidism postlaryngectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
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Banyi, Norbert, primary, Kwon, Jamie J. Y., additional, Turkdogan, Sena, additional, Milner, Thomas D., additional, and Prisman, Eitan, additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Effect of image registration on longitudinal analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of non-human primates using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
- Author
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Liu, Shuang, Datta, Anjali, Ho, Derek, Dwelle, Jordan, Wang, Daifeng, Milner, Thomas E, Rylander, Henry Grady, and Markey, Mia K
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Ophthalmology and Optometry ,Neurodegenerative ,Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,Neurosciences ,Bioengineering ,Glaucoma ,Image registration ,Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness ,Ophthalmology and optometry - Abstract
BackgroundIn this paper we determined the benefits of image registration on estimating longitudinal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) changes.MethodsRNFLT maps around the optic nerve head (ONH) of healthy primate eyes were measured using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) weekly for 30 weeks. One automatic algorithm based on mutual information (MI) and the other semi-automatic algorithm based on log-polar transform cross-correlation using manually segmented blood vessels (LPCC_MSBV), were used to register retinal maps longitudinally. We compared the precision and recall between manually segmented image pairs for the two algorithms using a linear mixed effects model.ResultsWe found that the precision calculated between manually segmented image pairs following registration by LPCC_MSBV algorithm is significantly better than the one following registration by MI algorithm (p
- Published
- 2015
44. Differences in forward angular light scattering distributions between M1 and M2 macrophages
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Halaney, David L, Zahedivash, Aydin, Phipps, Jennifer E, Wang, Tianyi, Dwelle, Jordan, Le Saux, Claude Jourdan, Asmis, Reto, Milner, Thomas E, and Feldman, Marc D
- Subjects
Engineering ,Physical Sciences ,Biomedical Engineering ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Animals ,Cells ,Cultured ,Equipment Design ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Light ,Macrophages ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Microscopy ,Phase-Contrast ,Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ,Refractometry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Scattering ,Radiation ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Optical Physics ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,Optics ,Ophthalmology and optometry ,Biomedical engineering ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
The ability to distinguish macrophage subtypes noninvasively could have diagnostic potential in cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, where polarized M1 and M2 macrophages play critical and often opposing roles. Current methods to distinguish macrophage subtypes rely on tissue biopsy. Optical imaging techniques based on light scattering are of interest as they can be translated into biopsy-free strategies. Because mitochondria are relatively strong subcellular light scattering centers, and M2 macrophages are known to have enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis compared to M1, we hypothesized that M1 and M2 macrophages may have different angular light scattering profiles. To test this, we developed an in vitro angle-resolved forward light scattering measurement system. We found that M1 and M2 macrophage monolayers scatter relatively unequal amounts of light in the forward direction between 1.6 deg and 3.2 deg with M2 forward scattering significantly more light than M1 at increasing angles. The ratio of forward scattering can be used to identify the polarization state of macrophage populations in culture.
- Published
- 2015
45. Retraction Note to: Amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for removal of oil droplets from produced water and accelerated magnetic separation
- Author
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Ko, Saebom, Kim, Eun Song, Park, Siman, Daigle, Hugh, Milner, Thomas E., Huh, Chun, Bennetzen, Martin V., and Geremia, Giuliano A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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46. Feasibility of ovine and porcine models for simulation training in parotid surgery and facial nerve dissection
- Author
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Milner, Thomas D., Okhovat, Saleh, McGuigan, Mark, Clement, William A., and Kunanandam, Thushitha
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Dual-modality fiber-based OCT-TPL imaging system for simultaneous microstructural and molecular analysis of atherosclerotic plaques
- Author
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Wang, Tianyi, McElroy, Austin, Halaney, David, Vela, Deborah, Fung, Edmund, Hossain, Shafat, Phipps, Jennifer, Wang, Bingqing, Yin, Biwei, Feldman, Marc D, and Milner, Thomas E
- Subjects
Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering ,Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Atherosclerosis ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Biomedical Imaging ,Bioengineering ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,(110.4500) Optical coherence tomography ,(170.6280) Spectroscopy ,fluorescence and luminescence ,(170.6935) Tissue characterization ,(190.1900) Diagnostic applications of nonlinear optics ,(190.4370) Nonlinear optics ,fibers ,Optical Physics ,Materials Engineering ,Ophthalmology and optometry ,Biomedical engineering ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
New optical imaging techniques that provide contrast to study both the anatomy and composition of atherosclerotic plaques can be utilized to better understand the formation, progression and clinical complications of human coronary artery disease. We present a dual-modality fiber-based optical imaging system for simultaneous microstructural and molecular analysis of atherosclerotic plaques that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging. Experimental results from ex vivo human coronary arteries show that OCT and TPL optical contrast in recorded OCT-TPL images is complimentary and in agreement with histological analysis. Molecular composition (e.g., lipid and oxidized-LDL) detected by TPL imaging can be overlaid onto plaque microstructure depicted by OCT, providing new opportunities for atherosclerotic plaque identification and characterization.
- Published
- 2015
48. Evaluation of IVOCT imaging of coronary artery metallic stents with neointimal coverage
- Author
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Elahi, Sahar, Ho, Derek, Feldman, Marc D, Dijkstra, Jouke, and Milner, Thomas E
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Bioengineering ,Atherosclerosis ,Cardiovascular ,Coronary Angiography ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Coronary Vessels ,Humans ,Metals ,Models ,Cardiovascular ,Neointima ,Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ,Phantoms ,Imaging ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Prosthesis Design ,Reproducibility of Results ,Stents ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence ,X-Ray Microtomography ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
Accuracy of IVOCT for measurement of neointimal thickness and effect of neointima in the appearance of metallic struts in IVOCT images was investigated. Phantom vessels were constructed and coronary stents were deployed and covered with thick (250-400 μm) and thin (30-70 μm) phantom neointima. High resolution Micro-CT images of the stent struts were recorded as a gold standard. IVOCT images of the phantom vessels were acquired with various luminal blood scattering strengths and measured neointimal thicknesses from IVOCT and Micro-CT images were compared. In transparent lumen, comparison of IVOCT and Micro-CT neointima thickness measurements found no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the thick neointima phantom but a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the thin neointima phantom. For both thick and thin neointima, IVOCT neointimal thickness measurements varied from Micro-CT values by as much as ±35%. Increased luminal scattering due to presence of blood at concentrations
- Published
- 2015
49. Macrophages and Intravascular OCT Bright Spots A Quantitative Study
- Author
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Phipps, Jennifer E, Vela, Deborah, Hoyt, Taylor, Halaney, David L, Mancuso, J Jacob, Buja, L Maximilian, Asmis, Reto, Milner, Thomas E, and Feldman, Marc D
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Bioengineering ,Biomedical Imaging ,Algorithms ,Coronary Vessels ,Humans ,Macrophages ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence ,intravascular optical coherence tomography ,macrophages ,quantitative analysis bright spots ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
ObjectivesThis study hypothesized that bright spots in intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) images may originate by colocalization of plaque materials of differing indexes of refraction. To quantitatively identify bright spots, we developed an algorithm that accounts for factors including tissue depth, distance from light source, and signal-to-noise ratio. We used this algorithm to perform a bright spot analysis of IVOCT images and compared these results with histological examination of matching tissue sections.BackgroundBright spots are thought to represent macrophages in IVOCT images, and studies of alternative etiologies have not been reported.MethodsFresh human coronary arteries (n = 14 from 10 hearts) were imaged with IVOCT in a mock catheterization laboratory and then processed for histological analysis. The quantitative bright spot algorithm was applied to all images.ResultsResults are reported for 1,599 IVOCT images co-registered with histology. Macrophages alone were responsible for only 23% of the bright spot-positive regions, although they were present in 57% of bright spot-positive regions (as determined by histology). Additional etiologies for bright spots included cellular fibrous tissue (8%), interfaces between calcium and fibrous tissue (10%), calcium and lipids (5%), and fibrous cap and lipid pool (3%). Additionally, we showed that large pools of macrophages in CD68(+) histology sections corresponded to dark regions in comparative IVOCT images; this is due to the fact that a pool of lipid-rich macrophages will have the same index of refraction as a pool of lipid and thus will not cause bright spots.ConclusionsBright spots in IVOCT images were correlated with a variety of plaque components that cause sharp changes in the index of refraction. Algorithms that incorporate these correlations may be developed to improve the identification of some types of vulnerable plaque and allow standardization of IVOCT image interpretation.
- Published
- 2015
50. Intravascular optical coherence tomography light scattering artifacts: merry-go-rounding, blooming, and ghost struts
- Author
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Mancuso, J Jacob, Halaney, David L, Elahi, Sahar, Ho, Derek, Wang, Tianyi, Ouyang, Yongjian, Dijkstra, Jouke, Milner, Thomas E, and Feldman, Marc D
- Subjects
Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Clinical Research ,Biomedical Imaging ,Animals ,Artifacts ,Blood Physiological Phenomena ,Endovascular Procedures ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted ,Lasers ,Light ,Models ,Cardiovascular ,Phantoms ,Imaging ,Reproducibility of Results ,Scattering ,Radiation ,Stents ,Swine ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence ,Optical Physics ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,Optics ,Ophthalmology and optometry ,Biomedical engineering ,Atomic ,molecular and optical physics - Abstract
We sought to elucidate the mechanisms underlying two common intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT) artifacts that occur when imaging metallic stents: “merry-go-rounding” (MGR), which is an increase in strut arc length (SAL), and “blooming,” which is an increase in the strut reflection thickness (blooming thickness). Due to uncontrollable variables that occur in vivo, we performed an in vitro assessment of MGR and blooming in stented vessel phantoms. Using Xience V and Driver stents, we examined the effects of catheter offset, intimal strut coverage, and residual blood on SAL and blooming thickness in IV-OCT images. Catheter offset and strut coverage both caused minor MGR, while the greatest MGR effect resulted from light scattering by residual blood in the vessel lumen, with 1% hematocrit (Hct) causing a more than fourfold increase in SAL compared with saline (p
- Published
- 2014
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