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Peer review is useful for providing students with formative feedback, yet it is used less frequently in STEM classrooms and for supporting writing-to-learn (WTL). While research indicates the benefits of incorporating peer review into classrooms, less research is focused on students' perceptions thereof. Such research is important as it speaks to the mechanisms whereby peer review can support learning. This study examines students' self-reported approaches to and perceptions of peer review and revision associated with WTL assignments implemented in an organic chemistry course. Students responded to a survey covering how they approached peer review and revision and the benefits they perceived from participating in each. Findings indicate that the assignment materials guided students' approaches during both peer review and revision. Furthermore, students described various ways both receiving feedback from their peers and reading their peers' drafts were beneficial, but primarily connected their revisions to receiving feedback.

Genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice born in 2020 were used to test possible lifespan effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), hydralazine (HYD), nebivolol (NEBI), 16α-hydroxyestriol (OH_Est), and sodium thiosulfate (THIO), and to evaluate the effects of canagliflozin (Cana) when started at 16 months of age. OH_Est produced a 15% increase (p = 0.0001) in median lifespan in males but led to a significant (7%) decline in female lifespan. Cana, started at 16 months, also led to a significant increase (14%, p = 0.004) in males and a significant decline (6%, p = 0.03) in females. Cana given to mice at 6 months led, as in our previous study, to an increase in male lifespan without any change in female lifespan, suggesting that this agent may lead to female-specific late-life harm. We found that blood levels of Cana were approximately 20-fold higher in aged females than in young males, suggesting a possible mechanism for the sex-specific disparities in its effects. NEBI was also found to produce a female-specific decline (4%, p = 0.03) in lifespan. None of the other tested drugs provided a lifespan benefit in either sex. These data bring to 7 the list of ITP-tested drugs that induce at least a 10% lifespan increase in one or both sexes, add a fourth drug with demonstrated mid-life benefits on lifespan, and provide a testable hypothesis that might explain the sexual dimorphism in lifespan effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor Cana.

The learning and teaching of reading continues to be a source of contention in New Zealand education. In recent years, proponents of structured literacy approaches have argued for more attention to be paid to what they term the "science of reading". They have emphasised skill development and argued against the inclusion of other approaches. A singular focus on skill development comes at a cost however, as being a reader requires more than simply being able to read words. When we consider a broader view of what it means to be a reader, we need to consider the reader as a whole person, and their place in a wider social context. This article discusses the "science of reading" in relation to Self-Determination Theory and considers how pedagogical approaches can contribute to, or work against, the development of children's feelings of autonomy, relatedness, and competence in reading and their subsequent desire to read. A restricted focus and related pedagogies will have negative long-term impacts on individuals' ability to access the many and varied benefits of truly being a reader. Some of the approaches being promoted will likely exacerbate existing concerns such as declining rates of volitional reading and achievement. While necessary, being technically capable is not enough, children must also see the value in reading and its outcomes if they are going to choose to do it.

Student wellbeing is regarded as a salient priority across higher education. Given the growing participation of higher education students in work-integrated learning, it is important to explore how student wellbeing is being supported in this critical learning environment. While student wellbeing must be considered across all educational contexts, wellbeing may be most challenged when working and learning online. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to explore ways in which student wellbeing is supported by program coordinators when students are engaging in online work-integrated learning (eWIL). Seventeen program coordinators across Canada were interviewed and data were analyzed thematically. Thematic analysis generated three main themes: program coordinators' perspectives on their role in supporting student wellbeing, wellbeing supports offered to students engaged in WIL, and intersectional considerations for supporting student wellbeing. These findings advance the discussion of innovative and tailored approaches needed to support student wellbeing in online work-integrated learning environments.

Behavior analysts collaborating within interdisciplinary teams are likely to find themselves at difficult crossroads. Some of these crossroads include implementing alternative treatments, defining and determining risk and harm, and evaluating research and interventions. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of these crossroads and provide guidelines on successfully navigating them. We contend that it is possible to navigate these crossroads while minimizing harm or risk for the client, adhering to the principles of science and behavior analysis, and remaining respectful of all members of the interdisciplinary team. That is, we can maintain the scientific tenets of philosophic doubt, empiricism, and experimentation, while remaining humble, and ensuring our clients access the most effective interventions available.

Leaf and colleagues (2016) provided a definition and description of progressive applied behavior analysis (ABA) in the context of autism treatment in which a behavior analyst takes a structured, yet flexible, approach to treatment that is responsive to the learner and includes on-going, in-the-moment analysis of teaching. Since Leaf and colleagues' publication, there have been many research and dissemination advancements across the domains outlined in the original paper. This includes advancements in the types of progressive procedures implemented, instructional arrangements, progressive reinforcement strategies, preventive functional analysis, progressive discrete trial teaching, data collection, progressive curriculum development, and staff training. The purpose of this paper is to highlight these advances citing peer-reviewed research where possible. Although many advancements have occurred, there is still a great need in the field of ABA for more clinicians and researchers to evaluate and implement procedures associated with the progressive approach to ABA. The paper will conclude with a call to action for behavior analysts to move away from rigid, protocolized, and conventional ABA practices and move towards implementing progressive ABA.

The Gesneriaceae consists of around 150 genera and c. 3750 species with a predominantly tropical and subtropical distribution across all continents. Although previous studies have proposed an American origin of Gesneriaceae, the biogeographic history of this pantropical plant family is still unclear, particularly in the Old World. To address this, we assembled the most comprehensively sampled matrix of Gesneriaceae with 143 Gesneriaceae genera and 355 species, including key samples from Sri Lanka analysed here for the first time. We generated molecular phylogenies based on four plastid gene regions (ndhF, matK, rps16 and trnL-F), obtained fossil-calibrated trees, and reconstructed ancestral areas and dispersal routes using Bayesian methods. Our results confirm the origin for the family in the Early Palaeocene (67. Ma) in the region of present day Central America & Andean South America, and that diversity in the Old World originated from a longdistance dispersal event from South America around 59 Ma, most likely to the Indian plate, which was an island at the time. This lineage then dispersed to Malesia and later East Asia, which would ultimately become a major centre of diversity and source of many dispersals to other regions. Our results thus highlight the Indian plate as a likely key player in the early diversification of Old World Gesneriaceae, even though it is now more diverse elsewhere, and hence offer novel insights into this plant family’s dispersal routes and areas of diversification in the Old World.

Abstract Background Antenatal corticosteroids are recommended for women at risk of preterm birth from 24 to 34 weeks’ gestation as they reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality, but evidence regarding their long-term effects on offspring is limited. This study assessed general health and social outcomes 50 years after antenatal exposure to corticosteroids. Methods We assessed 424 adult offspring of women who participated in the first randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antenatal betamethasone for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. The first 717 mothers received two intramuscular injections of betamethasone (6 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate and 6 mg betamethasone acetate) or placebo given 24 h apart and the subsequent 398 received two injections of double dose betamethasone (12 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate and 12 mg betamethasone acetate) or equivalent volume of placebo. Follow-up included a health questionnaire and consent for access to administrative data sources. Outcome categories included mental health (depression, anxiety, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia and treatment or hospital admission for any mental health disorder), general health (chronic kidney disease, cancer diagnosis, bone fracture, oral health, allergies, functional difficulties and physical activity) and social outcomes (educational attainment, employment and criminal convictions). Investigators remained blinded to treatment allocation. Analyses were adjusted for gestational age at entry, sex and clustering. Results We assessed 424 adult offspring (46% of survivors; mean [SD] age 49.3 [1.0] years; 212 [50%] female). There was no difference in mental health, general health and social outcomes between those exposed to betamethasone and those exposed to placebo, with the exception that osteoporotic site fracture in adulthood was more likely to have occurred in the betamethasone group compared with placebo (adjusted relative risk 1.57, 95% CI 1.00, 2.48, p = 0.05). No dose–effect relationship was evident and there was no difference in the proportion with at least one fracture. Follow-up rate and lack of in-person assessments were the main limitations. Conclusions There is no evidence that antenatal corticosteroids have clinically important effects on general health and social outcomes up to 50 years of age.

Abstract Introduction Adult-onset Still’s disease is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease. We present a case of a young man with a constellation of symptoms and myopericarditis as a complication of this disease. Case A 36-year-old Hispanic man with no significant past medical history developed a quotidian fever pattern following an upper respiratory tract infection. He initially presented with chest pain concerning for myocardial infarction and underwent cardiac catheterization, which revealed non-obstructive coronary artery disease. He was found to have myopericarditis, significant neutrophilic leukocytosis, and hyperferritinemia. He improved on high-dose corticosteroids but developed steroid-induced psychosis, and 4 months from symptom onset, he finally received tocilizumab, which eventually induced remission without adverse reactions. Discussion Adult-onset Still’s disease should be considered in a patient with fevers of undetermined origin. Due to its multisystemic involvement, adult-onset Still’s disease is often a diagnosis arrived at after an extensive cardiac, hematologic, malignant, and infectious workup. Imaging, laboratory testing, and bone marrow biopsy were necessary to rule out alternative etiologies of this patient’s presentation. Steroids are the mainstay of treatment because they are easily affordable, although the high risk of adverse effects makes them less desirable. Interleukin-1 inhibitors (anakinra or canakinumab) and interleukin-6 inhibitor tocilizumab are the steroid-sparing biologic agents of choice but are cost-prohibitive. Conclusion Adult-onset Still’s disease should be considered in the differential diagnoses of fever of undetermined origin. Early identification and initiation of treatment are critical to faster recovery and prevention of progression to severe complications. Steroids remain the standard first-line therapy and should be followed by disease-modifying steroid sparing drugs. The social determinants of health may preclude their timely initiation and should alert providers of proactive ways to avoid further delays.