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3. The sport of dragon boat racing as experienced by breast cancer survivors

Author

Milne, M., Le May, Andree, and Brindle, Lucy

Subjects
610, BF Psychology, HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare, RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
Abstract

For the increasing population of breast cancer survivors (BCS) in the United Kingdom, research evidence suggests that physical activity can address aspects of their unmet health and social care needs. In this exploratory study, members of one United Kingdom, Breast Cancer Survivor Dragon Boat Racing Team, were invited to tell the story of their participation in the sport, either in writing or in one-to-one, face-to-face, interviews, to gain an understanding of its impact on their breast cancer survivorship experiences. Eleven members were interviewed in their own homes and two in a location of their choosing. The interview process was guided by the Biographic-Narrative-Interpretive-Method (BNIM), and specifically the Single Question (aimed at Inducing Narrative) (SQUIN) (Wengraf 2001, p. 113). The stories were analysed using Frank’s three narrative types (Restitution, Chaos, Quest), and the ‘three facets’ framework (Frank 1995) for the analysis of quest narratives. The combination of the latter and storytelling as a methodology, in relation to DBR, appears to be unique to this study. The study was underpinned by the principles of practitioner research. Unmet needs, of varying quantity and level of intensity, were the strongest motivators for joining the team. The results revealed that dragon boat racing positively impacted on the breast cancer survivors’ lives through; membership of an extended unique social support network, a new more positive identity as a breast cancer survivor and sportsperson, improved self-esteem and greater self-confidence, experiencing fun, joy, hope, as well as improved control over, and the amelioration of some upper body morbidities. The desire and opportunity to help others and to contribute to the legacy of DBR for future breast cancer survivors was also reported. The breast cancer survivors’ stories included chaos, restitution and quest narrative types (Frank 1995) – the most common of these being quest. The study illustrates, using the metaphor of the weave (Frank 1995), the breast cancer survivors’ constant movement between the three narrative types; this movement was often prompted by, what were interpreted as, five influential inspirations; Dragon Boat Racing (‘In the Boat’), Social Support/Social Support Networks, Competition Events, Team/Group Membership, Physical and Psychological changes. The use of a storytelling methodology reveals the way in which the experience of DBR is woven into the lives of breast cancer survivors and illuminates the ways in which multiple narratives shape the breast cancer survivorship experience as well as how these women coped with the negative consequences of the DBR experience. These results have implications for charities supporting DBR, including; ensuring members feel integrated within the team, maintaining safety and fitness routines, ensuring DBR remains affordable, facilitating participation in competition events and the education of the public.

Published
2014

4. The Faint End of the Luminosity Function in the Core of the Coma Cluster

Author

Milne, M. L., Pritchet, C. J., Poole, G. B., Gwyn, S. D. J., Kavelaars, JJ, Harris, W. E., and Hanes, D. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present optical measurements of the faint end of the luminosity function in the core of the Coma cluster. Dwarf galaxies are detected down to a limiting magnitude of R approx. 25.75 in images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. This represents the faintest determination of the Coma luminosity function to date. With the assumption that errors due to cosmic variance are small, evidence is found for a steep faint end slope with alpha < -2. Such a value is expected in theories in which reionization and other feedback processes are dependent on density., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. Accpeted to the Astronomical Journal

Published
2006
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5. A New Design Tool for Visualizing the Energy Implications of California's Climates

Author

Milne, M, Liggett, Robin, and Alshaali, Rashed

Abstract

In California there are 16 different climate zones, as defined in the California Energy Code (Title24). The code requires slightly different types of buildings in each zone. These different building code requirements make it important for people who are designing, building, or maintaining these buildings to understand the unique attributes of their climate and how it will influence the design and performance of their buildings. In this UCEI project we developed a simple, free, easy-to-use, graphic-based computer program called Climate Consultant 3, and we have posted it on the State of California’s Flex Your Power web site and on the UCLA Energy Design Tools web site. Our objective is to make it freely accessible to architects, builders, contractors, and homeowners, etc., to help them understand their local climate and how it impacts their building’s energy consumption.

Published
2007

8. Investigating the need for therapeutic drug monitoring of imipenem in critically ill patients: Are we getting it right?

Author

Mitton, B, Paruk, F, Gous, A, Chausse, J, Milne, M, Becker, P, and Said, M

Abstract

Background. The drug levels and clearances of imipenem in critically ill patients are not comprehensively described in current literature, yet it is vital that adequate levels be achieved for therapeutic success. Objectives. To determine the proportion of critically ill patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin with sub-therapeutic imipenem plasma levels, and to compare the clinical outcomes of those patients with therapeutic levels with those who had sub-therapeutic levels. Methods. Trough imipenem plasma levels of 68 critically ill patients from a surgical intensive care unit were measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Imipenem trough levels were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the causative bacterial agents, based on a target value of 100% time above MIC (ƒT >MIC). Results. The proportion of participants with sub-therapeutic imipenem levels was 22% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13% - 34%). The 14- and 28-day mortality rates in the sub-therapeutic group were 33% and 40%, respectively, compared with 19% (p=0.293) and 26% (p=0.346), respectively, in the therapeutic group. Sub-therapeutic imipenem plasma levels are associated with adjusted hazard ratio of 1.47 (95% CI 0.55 - 3.91). Conclusions. The lower proportion of critically ill patients with sub-therapeutic imipenem plasma levels in this study compared with previous studies may be attributed to the practice of higher dosages and the administration method of extended infusions of imipenem/ cilastatin in our setting. The results demonstrate a trend of higher mortality in patients with sub-therapeutic imipenem levels, although the results were not statistically significant at this sample size.

Published
2022

9. Evaluating the usefulness of the estimated glomerular nitration rate for determination of imipenem dosage in critically ill patients

Author

Mitton, B, Paruk, F, Gous, A, Chausse, J, Milne, M, Becker, P, and Said, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients is complicated by variations in the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in this group. The dosing of imipenem/cilastatin is usually determined by severity of illness and renal function OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) calculated with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and imipenem trough levels in critically ill patients METHODS: This prospective observational study was done in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa. Imipenem trough levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared with eGFRs calculated with the CKD-EPI equation. Correlation was evaluated by the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient RESULTS: The study population consisted of 68 critically ill patients aged between 18 and 81 years; 43 (63%) were male, and the mean weight was 78 kg (range 40 - 140). On admission, 30 patients (44%) had sepsis, 16 (24%) were admitted for trauma, and 22 (32%) were admitted for miscellaneous surgical conditions. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores ranged from 4 to 39 (mean 18). The 28-day mortality rate was 29%. The mean albumin level was 16 g/L (range 7 - 25), the mean creatinine level 142 μmol/L (range 33 - 840), and the mean eGFR 91 mL/min/1.73 m² (range 6 - 180). Imipenem trough levels ranged between 3.6 and 92.2 mg/L (mean 11.5). The unadjusted Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between eGFR and imipenem trough level was -0.04 (p=0.761 CONCLUSION: Considering the high mortality rate of sepsis in ICUs and the rapid global increase in antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial to dose antibiotics appropriately. Owing to the variability of antibiotic pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients, this task becomes almost impossible when relying on conventional dosing guidelines. This study found that eGFRs do not correlate with imipenem blood levels in critically ill patients and should not be used to determine the dose of imipenem/cilastatin. Instead, the dose should be individualised for patients through routine therapeutic drug monitoring

Published
2022

12. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology findings in a dog with global brain ischaemia following cardiopulmonary arrest

Author

Goh, J, Eramanis, LM, Milne, M, Boller, M, Goh, J, Eramanis, LM, Milne, M, and Boller, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Global brain ischaemia following cardiopulmonary arrest is uncommonly reported in veterinary medicine yet neurologic injury after arrest is a known morbidity. CASE REPORT: An 18-week-old male entire Cavalier King Charles Spaniel-Poodle was referred following 3 days of neurologic abnormalities after cardiopulmonary arrest. After resuscitation, the animal had decerebrate rigidity, a stuporous mentation and intermittent episodes of vocalisation and apnoea. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was undertaken 4 days after cardiopulmonary arrest, with standard sequences (T1-weighted, T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) as well as diffusion-weighted imaging to better discern ischaemic injury and cytotoxic oedema for prognostic reasons. MRI findings were consistent with global brain ischaemia affecting the hippocampus, cerebellum and substantia nigra, the latter two not previously identified in canine cases of global brain ischaemia. The patient was euthanased on day eight post-cardiopulmonary arrest due to a lack of neurological improvement and developing sepsis as a complication. Ante-mortem identification of affected areas of the brain was confirmed on histological examination, with evidence of ischaemic injury seen in the cerebrum, hippocampus, cerebellum, basal nuclei and thalamus. CONCLUSION: This report describes ante-mortem MRI and postmortem findings in a dog with global brain ischaemia following cardiopulmonary arrest. A multimodal approach to neuroprognostication in patients recovering from cardiopulmonary arrest is recommended.

Published
2022

13. Lean body weight-adjusted intravenous iodinated contrast dose for abdominal CT in dogs reduces interpatient enhancement variability while providing diagnostic quality organ enhancement

Author

Kan, J, Milne, M, Tyrrell, D, Mansfield, C, Kan, J, Milne, M, Tyrrell, D, and Mansfield, C

Abstract

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is increasingly used to screen for abdominal pathology in dogs, and the contrast dose used is commonly calculated as a linear function of total body weight (TBW). Body fat is not metabolically active and contributes little to dispersing or diluting contrast medium (CM) in the blood. This prospective, analytic, cross-section design pilot study aimed to establish the feasibility of intravenous CM dosed according to lean body weight (LBW) for abdominal CECT in dogs compared to TBW. We hypothesized that when dosing intravenous CM according to LBW, studies will remain at diagnostic quality, there will be a reduced interindividual contrast enhancement (CE) variability, and there will be less change to heart rate and blood pressure in dogs compared to when administering CM calculated on TBW. Twelve dogs had two CECT studies with contrast doses according to TBW and LBW at least 8 weeks apart. Interindividual organ and vessel CE variability, diagnostic quality of the studies, and changes in physiological status were compared between protocols. The LBW-based protocol provided less variability in the CE of most organs and vessels (except the aorta). When dosed according to LBW, liver enhancement was positively associated with grams of iodine per kg TBW during the portal venous phase (P = 0.046). There was no significant difference in physiological parameters after CM administration between dosing protocols. Our conclusion is that a CM dose based on LBW for abdominal CECT lowers interindividual CE variability and is effective at maintaining studies of diagnostic quality.

Published
2022

16. Modulating amygdala activation to traumatic memories with a single ketamine infusion

Author

Milne M, Charles T. Gordon, Benjamin Kelmendi, J.H. Krystal, Yi Li, Or Duek, Amen S, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, and Ifat Levy

Subjects
business.industry, Hippocampus, medicine.disease, Traumatic memories, Amygdala, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Extinction (neurology), medicine, Midazolam, NMDA receptor, Ketamine, Memory consolidation, business, Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract

NMDA receptor antagonists have a vital role in extinction, learning, and reconsolidation processes. During the reconsolidation window, memories are activated into a labile state and can be stored in an altered form. This concept might have significant clinical implications in treating PTSD. Using amygdala activity as a major biomarker of fear response, we tested the potential of a single subanesthetic intravenous infusion of ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) to enhance post-retrieval extinction of PTSD trauma memories. Post-extinction, ketamine recipients (vs midazolam) showed a lower amygdala and hippocampus reactivation to trauma memories. Post-retrieval ketamine administration was also associated with decreased connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus, with no change in amygdala-vmPFC connectivity, which suggests that ketamine may enhance post-retrieval extinction of PTSD trauma memory in humans. These findings demonstrate the capacity to rewrite human traumatic memories and to modulate the fear response for at least 30 days post-extinction.

Published
2021
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17. Socio-economic status and time trends associated with early ART initiation following primary HIV infection in Montreal, Canada: 1996 to 2015

Author

Mehraj, Vikram, Cox, Joseph, Lebouché, Bertrand, Costiniuk, Cecilia, Cao, Wei, Li, Taisheng, Ponte, Rosalie, Thomas, Réjean, Szabo, Jason, Baril, Jean?Guy, Trottier, Benoit, Côté, Pierre, Leblanc, Roger, Bruneau, Julie, Tremblay, Cécile, Routy, Jean?Pierre, Charest, L., Milne, C., Lavoie, S., Friedman, J., Duchastel, M., Villielm, F., Asselin, F., Boissonnault, M., Maziade, P.J., Milne, M., Lessard, B., Charron, M.A., Dufresne, S., Turgeon, M.E., Vezina, S., Huchet, E., Kerba, J.P., Poliquin, M., Poulin, S., Rochette, P., Junod, P., Longpré, D., Pilarski, R., Sasseville, E., Labrecque, L., Fortin, C., Hal?Gagne, V., Munoz, M., Deligne, B., Martel?Laferriere, V., Goyer, M.E, Gilmore, N., Potter, M., Klein, M., Teltscher, M., Pokomandy, A., Haraoui, L.P., Rivet, Nathalie, Nguyen, Tuyen, Bernard, Nicole, Dupuy, Franck, Cohen, Eric A., Ancuta, Petronela, Roger, Michel, Wainberg, Mark A., and Brenner, Bluma G.

Subjects
Medical care, Cost of -- Analysis, Antiviral agents -- Dosage and administration, HIV patients -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Guidelines regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV infection have varied over time, with the 2015 World Health Organization recommendation suggesting ART initiation at the time of diagnosis regardless of CD4 T‐cell counts. Herein, we investigated the influence of socio‐demographic and clinical factors in addition to time trends on early ART initiation among participants of the Montreal Primary HIV Infection Study. Methods: The Montreal Primary HIV Infection Study is a prospective cohort established in three community medical centres (CMCs) and two university medical centres (UMCs). Recently diagnosed HIV‐infected adults were categorized as receiving early (vs. delayed) ART if ART was initiated within 180 days of the baseline visit. Associations between early ART initiation and socio‐demographic, socio‐economic and behavioural information were examined. Independent associations of factors linked with early ART initiation were determined using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 348 participants had a documented date of HIV acquisition of Conclusions: Early ART initiation during primary HIV infection was associated with diminished biological prognostic factors and calendar time mirroring evolution of treatment guidelines. In addition, socio‐economic factors such as having a paid employment, contribute to early ART initiation in the context of universal access to care in Canada., Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects over 36.7 million people worldwide. Nearly, half of those infected with HIV remain untreated, increasing their risks for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), onward [...]

Published
2018
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20. Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19–Free surgical pathways during the SARS-cov-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

Author

James C Glasbey, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Omar Omar, Elizabeth Li, Mary L Venn, Mohammad Abou Chaar, Vita Capizzi, Daoud Chaudhry, Anant Desai, Jonathan G Edwards, Jonathan P Evans, Marco Fiore, Jose Flavio Videria, Samuel J Ford, Ian Ganyli, Ewen A Griffiths, Rohan R Gujjuri, Angelos G Kolias, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Siobhan C McKay, Helen M Mohan, Keith Roberts, Carlos San Miguel-Méndez, Peter Pockney, Richard Shaw, Neil J Smart, Grant D Stewart, Sudha Sundar, Raghavan Vidya, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Omar Omar, Aneel A Bhangu, Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth A Benson, Edward Bywater, Daoud Chaudhry, Brett E Dawson, Jonathan P Evans, James C Glasbey, Rohan R Gujjuri, Emily Heritage, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Rachel A Khaw, James M Keatley, Andrew Knight, Samuel Lawday, Elizabeth Li, Harvinder S Mann, Ella J Marson, Kenneth A McLean, Siobhan C McKay, Emily C Mills, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Gianluca Pellino, Maria Picciochi, Elliott H Taylor, Abhinav Tiwari, Joana Ff Simoes, Isobel M Trout, Mary L Venn, Richard Jw Wilkin, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Neil J Smart, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Jonathan P Evans, Gaetano Gallo, Susan Moug, Francesco Pata, Peter Pockney, Salomone Di Saverio, Abigail Vallance, Dale Vimalchandran, Ewen A Griffiths, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Richard Pt Evans, Philip Townend, Keith Roberts, Siobhan McKay, John Isaac, Sohei Satoi, John Edwards, Aman S Coonar, Adrian Marchbank, Edward J Caruana, Georgia R Layton, Akshay Patel, Alessandro Brunelli, Samuel Ford, Anant Desai, Alessandro Gronchi, Marco Fiore, Max Almond, Fabio Tirotta, Sinziana Dumitra, Angelos Kolias, Stephen J Price, Daniel M Fountain, Michael D Jenkinson, Peter Hutchinson, Hani J Marcus, Rory J Piper, Laura Lippa, Franco Servadei, Ignatius Esene, Christian Freyschlag, Iuri Neville, Gail Rosseau, Karl Schaller, Andreas K Demetriades, Faith Robertson, Alex Alamri, Richard Shaw, Andrew G Schache, Stuart C Winter, Michael Ho, Paul Nankivell, Juan Rey Biel, Martin Batstone, Ian Ganly, Raghavan Vidya, Alex Wilkins, Jagdeep K Singh, Dinesh Thekinkattil, Sudha Sundar, Christina Fotopoulou, Elaine Leung, Tabassum Khan, Luis Chiva, Jalid Sehouli, Anna Fagotti, Paul Cohen, Murat Gutelkin, Rahel Ghebre, Thomas Konney, Rene Pareja, Rob Bristow, Sean Dowdy, T S Shylasree, R Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Joe Ng, Keiiji Fujiwara, Grant D Stewart, Benjamin Lamb, Krishna Narahari, Alan McNeill, Alexandra Colquhoun, John McGrath, Steve Bromage, Ravi Barod, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Tobias Klatte, Joana Ff Simoes, Tom Ef Abbott, Sadi Abukhalaf, Michel Adamina, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Arnav Agarwal, Murat Akkulak, Ehab Alameer, Derek Alderson, Felix Alakaloko, Markus Albertsmeiers, Osaid Alser, Muhammad Alshaar, Sattar Alshryda, Alexis P Arnaud, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris Ayasra, José Azevedo, Brittany K Bankhead-Kendall, Emma Barlow, David Beard, Ruth A Benson, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Kerry A Breen, Chris Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Joshua Burke, Edward J Caruana, Mohammad Chaar, Sohini Chakrabortee, Peter Christensen, Daniel Cox, Moises Cukier, Miguel F Cunha, Giana H Davidson, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas M Drake, John G Edwards, Muhammed Elhadi, Sameh Emile, Shebani Farik, Marco Fiore, J Edward Fitzgerald, Samuel Ford, Tatiana Garmanova, Gaetano Gallo, Dhruv Ghosh, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Grecinos, Ewen A Griffiths, Madalegna GrÜndl, Constantine Halkias, Ewen M Harrison, Intisar Hisham, Peter J Hutchinson, Shelley Hwang, Arda Isik, Michael D Jenkinson, Pascal Jonker, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Debby Keller, Angelos Kolias, Schelto Kruijff, Ismail Lawani, Hans Lederhuber, Sezai Leventoglu, Andrey Litvin, Andrew Loehrer, Markus W Löffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Maria Marta Modolo, Piotr Major, Janet Martin, Hassan N Mashbari, Dennis Mazingi, Symeon Metallidis, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Helen M Mohan, Rachel Moore, David Moszkowicz, Susan Moug, Joshua S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba Maimbo, Ionut Negoi, Milagros Niquen, Faustin Ntirenganya, Maricarmen Olivos, Kacimi Oussama, Oumaima Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Francesco Pata, Carlos Jose Perez Rivera, Thomas D Pinkney, Willemijn van der Plas, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Qureshi, Dejan Radenkovic, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Keith Roberts, April C Roslani, Martin Rutegård, Juan José Segura-Sampedro, Irène Santos, Sohei Satoi, Raza Sayyed, Andrew Schache, Andreas A Schnitzbauer, Justina O Seyi-Olajide, Neil Sharma, Richard Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Kjetil Soreide, Antonino Spinelli, Grant D Stewart, Malin Sund, Sudha Sundar, Stephen Tabiri, Philip Townend, Georgios Tsoulfas, Gabrielle H van Ramshorst, Raghavan Vidya, Dale Vimalachandran, Oliver J Warren, Duane Wedderburn, Naomi Wright, C Allemand, L Boccalatte, M Figari, M Lamm, J Larrañaga, C Marchitelli, F Noll, D Odetto, M Perrotta, J Saadi, L Zamora, C Alurralde, E L Caram, D Eskinazi, J P Mendoza, M Usandivaras, R Badra, A Esteban, J S García, P M García, J I Gerchunoff, S M Lucchini, M A NIgra, L Vargas, T Hovhannisyan, A Stepanyan, T Gould, R Gourlay, B Griffiths, S Gananadha, M McLaren, J Cecire, N Joshi, S Salindera, A Sutherland, J H Ahn, G Charlton, S Chen, N Gauri, R Hayhurst, S Jang, F Jia, C Mulligan, W Yang, G Ye, H Zhang, M Ballal, D Gibson, D Hayne, J Moss, T Richards, P Viswambaram, U G Vo, J Bennetts, T Bright, M Brooke-Smith, R Fong, B Gricks, Y H Lam, B S Ong, M Szpytma, D Watson, K Bagraith, S Caird, E Chan, C Dawson, D Ho, E Jeyarajan, S Jordan, A Lim, G J Nolan, A Oar, D Parker, H Puhalla, A Quennell, L Rutherford, P Townend, M Von Papen, M Wullschleger, A Blatt, D Cope, N Egoroff, M Fenton, J Gani, N Lott, P Pockney, N Shugg, M Elliott, D Phung, D Phan, D Townend, C Bong, J Gundara, A Frankel, S Bowman, G R Guerra, J Bolt, K Buddingh, N N Dudi-Venkata, S Jog, H M Kroon, T Sammour, R Smith, C Stranz, M Batstone, K Lah, W McGahan, D Mitchell, A Morton, A Pearce, M Roberts, G Sheahan, B Swinson, N Alam, S Banting, L Chong, P Choong, S Clatworthy, D Foley, A Fox, M W Hii, B Knowles, J Mack, M Read, A Rowcroft, S Ward, G Wright, M Lanner, I Königsrainer, M Bauer, C Freyschlag, M Kafka, F Messner, D Öfner, I Tsibulak, K Emmanuel, M Grechenig, R Gruber, M Harald, L Öhlberger, J Presl, A Wimmer, I Namazov, E Samadov, D Barker, R Boyce, S Corbin, A Doyle, A Eastmond, R Gill, A Haynes, S Millar, M O'Shea, G Padmore, N Paquette, E Phillips, S St John, K Walkes, N Flamey, P Pattyn, W Oosterlinck, J Van den Eynde, R Van den Eynde, A Gatti, C Nardi, R Oliva, R De Cicco, I Cecconello, P Gregorio, L Pontual Lima, U Ribeiro Junior, F Takeda, R M Terra, M Sokolov, B Kidane, S Srinathan, M Boutros, N Caminsky, G Ghitulescu, G Jamjoum, J Moon, J Pelletier, T Vanounou, S Wong, M Boutros, S Dumitra, A Kouyoumdjian, B Johnston, C Russell, M Boutros, S Demyttenaere, R Garfinkle, J Abou-Khalil, C Nessim, J Stevenson, F Heredia, A Almeciga, A Fletcher, A Merchan, L O Puentes, J Mendoza Quevedo, G Bacic, D Karlovic, D Krsul, M Zelic, I Luksic, M Mamic, B Bakmaz, I Coza, E Dijan, Z Katusic, J Mihanovic, I Rakvin, K Frantzeskou, N Gouvas, G Kokkinos, P Papatheodorou, I Pozotou, O Stavrinidou, A Yiallourou, L Martinek, M Skrovina, I Szubota, J Žatecký, V Javurkova, J Klat, T Avlund, P Christensen, J L Harbjerg, L H Iversen, D W Kjaer, Hø Kristensen, M Mekhael, A L Ebbehøj, P Krarup, N Schlesinger, H Smith, A Abdelsamed, A Y Azzam, H Salem, A Seleim, A Abdelmajeed, M Abdou, N E Abosamak, M Al Sayed, F Ashoush, R Atta, E Elazzazy, M Elhoseiny, M Elnemr, M S Elqasabi, M E Elsayed Hewalla, I Elsherbini, E Essam, M Eweda, I Ghallab, E Hassan, M Ibrahim, M Metwalli, M Mourad, M S Qatora, M Ragab, A Sabry, H Saifeldin, M Saleh Mesbah Mohamed Elkaffas, A Samih, A Samir Abdelaal, S Shehata, K Shenit, D Attia, N Kamal, N Osman, A M Abbas, Has Abd Elazeem, M M Abdelkarem, S Alaa, A K Ali, A Ayman, M G Azizeldine, H Elkhayat, S M Elghazaly, F A Monib, M A Nageh, M M Saad, M Salah, M Shahine, E A Yousof, A Youssef, A Eldaly, M ElFiky, A Nabil, G Amira, I Sallam, M Sherief, A Sherif, A Abdelrahman, H Aboulkassem, G Ghaly, R Hamdy, A Morsi, H Salem, G Sherif, H Abdeldayem, I Abdelkader Salama, M Balabel, Y Fayed, A E Sherif, D Bekele, J Kauppila, E Sarjanoja, O Helminen, H Huhta, J H Kauppila, C Beyrne, L Jouffret, L Lugans, L Marie-Macron, E Chouillard, B De Simone, J Bettoni, S Dakpé, B Devauchelle, N Lavagen, S Testelin, S Boucher, R Breheret, A Gueutier, A Kahn, J KÜn-Darbois, A Barrabe, Z Lakkis, A Louvrier, S Manfredelli, P Mathieu, A Chebaro, V Drubay, M El Amrani, C Eveno, K Lecolle, G Legault, L Martin, G Piessen, F R Pruvot, S Truant, P Zerbib, Q Ballouhey, B Barrat, J Laloze, H Salle, A Taibi, J Usseglio, D Bergeat, A Merdrignac, Roy B Le, L O Perotto, A Scalabre, A Aimé, A Ezanno, B Malgras, P Bouche, S Tzedakis, E Cotte, O Glehen, V Kepenekian, J Lifante, G Passot, A D'Urso, E Felli, D Mutter, P Pessaux, B Seeliger, J Bardet, R Berry, G Boddaert, S Bonnet, E Brian, C Denet, D Fuks, D Gossot, M Grigoroiu, A Laforest, Y Levy-Zauberman, C Louis-Sylvestre, A Moumen, G Pourcher, A Seguin-Givelet, E Tribillon, E Duchalais, F Espitalier, C Ferron, O Malard, U Bork, M Distler, J Fritzmann, J Kirchberg, C Praetorius, C Riediger, J Weitz, T Welsch, P Wimberger, K Beyer, C Kamphues, J Lauscher, F N Loch, C Schineis, M Albertsmeier, M Angele, A Kappenberger, H Niess, T Schiergens, J Werner, R Becker, J Jonescheit, I Pergolini, D Reim, C Boeker, I Hakami, J Mall, P Liokatis, W Smolka, K Nowak, T Reinhard, F Hölzle, A Modabber, P Winnand, M Knitschke, P Kauffmann, S Wolfer, J Kleeff, K Lorenz, C Michalski, U Ronellenfitsch, R Schneider, E Bertolani, A Königsrainer, M W Löffler, M Quante, C Steidle, L ÜberrÜck, C Yurttas, C S Betz, J Bewarder, A Böttcher, S Burg, C Busch, M Gosau, A Heuer, J Izbicki, T O Klatte, D Koenig, N Moeckelmann, C Nitschke, M Priemel, R Smeets, U Speth, S Thole, F G Uzunoglu, T Vollkommer, N Zeller, M J Battista, K Gillen, A Hasenburg, S Krajnak, V Linz, 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Hernandez, I Lasa, F Mendoza-Moreno, N Morales Palacios, E Ovejero Merino, C Vera Mansilla, F Acebes García, M Bailón, A D Bueno Cañones, E Choolani Bhojwani, P Marcos-Santos, T Miguel, D Pacheco Sánchez, B Pérez-Saborido, J Sanchez Gonzalez, F J Tejero-Pintor, F Alconchel, A Conesa, J Gil Martínez, A I Gutiérrez Fernández, A Lopez Abad, T Nicolás-López, P Ramirez Romero, M J Roca Calvo, K Rodrigues, J J Ruiz Manzanera, A I Soriano, A Cano, L Capitan-Morales, J Cintas Catena, J Gomez-Rosado, F Oliva Mompean, M A Pérez Sánchez, F D Río Lafuente, C Torres Arcos, J Valdes-Hernandez, H Cholewa, S Domingo, M Frasson, V Lago, T Marina Martin, C Martínez Chicote, J Sancho-Muriel, A Landaluce-Olavarria, D Lecumberri, A Abad Gurumeta, A Abad-Motos, E Martínez-Hurtado, J Ripollés-Melchor, A Ruiz Escobar, A Cuadrado-García, L Garcia-Sancho Tellez, J Heras Aznar, P Maté, I Ortega Vázquez, A L Picardo, J A Rojo López, F Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera, D Serralta de Colsa, J Anchuelo Latorre, C Cagigas 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Walker, S Waseem, S Yordanov, T Jones, A Kattakayam, C Loh, R Lunevicius, S Pringle, A Schache, R Shaw, A Sheel, C Rossborough, D Angelou, M Choynowski, B McAree, A McCanny, D Neely, G Tutoveanu, S Ahad, Mfi De La Cruz Monroy, F Mosley, V Oktseloglou, A Alanbuki, M Patel, A Shabana, E Perera, D Raveendran, K Ravi-Shankar, J Thiruchelvam, L Arrowsmith, W Campbell, T Grove, C Kontovounisios, O Warren, P Rolland, A Aggarwal, S Brown, C Jelley, N Neal, R Clifford, N Eardley, E Krishnan, N Manu, E Martin, S Roy Mahapatra, O L Serevina, C Smith, D Vimalachandran, M Bordenave, R Houston, G Putnam, A Robson, H Tustin, K Emslie, P L Labib, A Marchbank, D Miller, G Minto, J Natale, H Nwinee, P Panahi, L Rogers, A Abubakar, M M Akhter Rahman, E Chan, Kyk Ko, H O'Brien, K Sasapu, H Woodun, R Inglis, H J Ng, A De Gea Rico, N Ghazali, J Lambert, G Markose, S Math, I Sarantitis, D Shrestha, A Sultana, M Taggarsi, S Timbrell, O P Vaz, L Vitone, A Day, H Dent, M Fahim, S Waheed, A Hunt, N Laskar, A Gupta, J Steinke, S Thrumurthy, E Massie, K McGivern, D Rutherford, M Wilson, J Hardie, S Kazzaz, S Handa, M Kaushal, A Kler, P Patel, J Redfern, S Tezas, Y Aawsaj, S Amonkar, C Barry, L Blackwell, D Blake, J Carter, H Emerson, A Fisher, M Katory, P Korompelis, W McCormick, A Mustafa, L Pearce, N Ratnavelu, R Reehal, L Kretzmer, L Lalou, B Manku, I Parwaiz, J Stafford, M Abdelkarim, A Asqalan, T Gala, S Ibrahim, A Maw, R Mithany, R Morgan, G Sundaram Venkatesan, K Ang, E J Caruana, M F Chowdhry, A Mohammad, A Nakas, S Rathinam, M Boal, O Brown, S Dwerryhouse, S Higgs, A Vallance, E Boyd, V Irvine, A Kirk, G Bakolas, A Boulton, A Chandock, T Khan, M Kumar, P Agoston, A Bille, B Challacombe, S Fraser, K Harrison-Phipps, J King, G Mehra, L Mills, M Najdy, R Nath, L Okiror, J Pilling, V Rizzo, T Routledge, A Sayasneh, L Stroman, A Wali, M Fehervari, C Fotopoulou, N Habib, S Hamrang-Yousefi, Z Jawad, L Jiao, M Pai, J Ploski, P Rajagopal, S Saso, M Sodergren, D Spalding, S Laws, C Hardie, C McNaught, R Alam, A Budacan, J Cahill, M Kalkat, S Karandikar, L Kenyon, D Naumann, A Patel, J Ayorinde, T Chase, T Cuming, A Ghanbari, L Humphreys, S Tayeh, A Aboelkassem Ibrahim, R Bichoo, H Cao, Akw Chai, J Choudhury, C Evans, H Fitzjohn, H Ikram, M Langstroth, M Loubani, A McMillan, S Nazir, Ssa Qadri, A Robinson, E Ross, T Sehgal, A Wilkins, J Dixon, J Dunning, K Freystaetter, M Jha, S Lester, A Madhavan, S V Thulasiraman, Y Viswanath, T Curl-Roper, C Delimpalta, Ccl Liao, V Velchuru, E Westwood, E Belcher, G Bond-Smith, S Chidambaram, F Di Chiara, K Fasanmade, L Fraser, H Fu, M Ganau, S Gore, J Graystone, D Jeyaretna, H Khatkar, M Lami, M Maher, S Mastoridis, R Mihai, R Piper, S Prabhu, Obf Risk, U Selbong, K Shah, R Smillie, H Soleymani Majd, S Sravanam, D Stavroulias, G D Tebala, M Vatish, C Verberne, K Wallwork, S Winter, M I Bhatti, H Boyd-Carson, E Elsey, E Gemmill, P Herrod, M Jibreel, E Lenzi, T Saafan, D Sapre, T Sian, N Watson, A Athanasiou, G Bourke, L Bradshaw, A Brunelli, J Burke, P Coe, F Costigan, H Elkadi, M Ho, J Johnstone, A Kanatas, V Kantola, A Kaufmann, A Laios, S Lam, E MacInnes, S Munot, C Nahm, M Otify, C Pompili, I Smith, G Theophilou, G Toogood, R Wade, D Ward, C West, S Annamalai, C Ashmore, A Boddy, T Hossain, A Kourdouli, A Gvaramadze, A Jibril, L Prusty, D Thekkinkattil, A Harky, M Shackcloth, A Askari, C Chan, N Cirocchi, S Kudchadkar, K Patel, J Sagar, S Shaw, R Talwar, M Abdalla, R Edmondson, O Ismail, D Jones, K Newton, N Stylianides, A Aderombi, U Andaleeb, O Bajomo, K Beatson, W Garrett, M Mehmood, V Ng, R Al-Habsi, G S Divya, B Keeler, B Al-Sarireh, R Egan, R Harries, A Henry, M Kittur, Z Li, K Parkins, F Soliman, N Spencer, D Thompson, C Burgess, C Gemmell, C Grieco, M Hollyman, L Hunt, J Morrison, S Ojha, N Ryan, F Abbadessa, S Barnard, C Chan, N Dawe, J Hammond, Ali F Mahmoud, I McPherson, C Mellor, J Moir, S Pandanaboyana, J Powell, B Rai, A Rogers, C Roy, A Sachdeva, C Saleh, S Tingle, T Williams, J Manickavasagam, C McDonald, N McGrath, N McSorley, K Ragupathy, L Ramsay, A Solth, O Kakisi, K Seebah, I Shaikh, L Sreedharan, M Youssef, J Shah, P Ameerally, N McLarty, S Mills, A Shenfine, K Sahnan, J Abu, E Addae-Boateng, D Bratt, L Brock, N Burnside, S Cadwell-Sneath, K Gajjar, C Gan, C Grundy, K Hallam, K Hassell, M Hawari, A Joshi, H Khout, K Konstantinidi, Rxn Lee, D Nunns, R Schiemer, T Walton, H Weaver, L Whisker, K Williamson, J McVeigh, R Myatt, M A Williams, R Kaur, E Leung, S Sundar, M Michel, S Patil, S Ravindran, J Sarveswaran, L Scott, M Edmond, E King, M Almond, A Bhangu, O Breik, L D Cato, A Desai, S Ford, E Griffiths, M Idle, M Kamal, A Kisiel, R Kulkarni, Jkc Mak, T Martin, P Nankivell, A Parente, S Parmar, A M Pathanki, L Phelan, P Praveen, S Saeed, N Sharma, J Singh, F Tirotta, D Vijayan, A Geddes, J McCaul, J McMahon, A H Khan, F Khan, A Mansuri, S Mukherjee, M Patel, M Sarigul, S Singh, K L Tan, A Woodham, A Adiamah, H Brewer, A Chowdhury, J Evans, D Humes, J Jackman, A Koh, C Lewis-Lloyd, O Oyende, J Reilly, D Worku, P Cool, G Cribb, K Shepherd, C Bisset, S Moug, N Elson, G Faulkner, P Saleh, C Underwood, G Brixton, L Findlay, T Klatte, A Majkowska, J Manson, R Potter, A Bhalla, Z Chia, P Daliya, A Goyal, E Grimley, A Hamad, A Kumar, F L Malcolm, E Theophilidou, J Bowden, N Campain, I Daniels, C Evans, G Fowler, J John, L Massey, F McDermott, J McGrath, A McLennan, M Ng, J Pascoe, N Rajaretnam, S Bulathsinhala, B Davidson, G Fusai, C Hidalgo Salinas, N Machairas, T Pissanou, J M Pollok, D A Raptis, F Soggiu, H Tzerbinis, S E Xyda, A Beamish, E Davies, R Foulkes, D Magowan, H Nassa, R Ooi, C Price, L Smith, F Solari, A Tang, G Williams, Y Al-Tamimi, A Bacon, N Beasley, D Chew, M Crank, N Ilenkovan, M Macdonald, B Narice, O Rominiyi, A Thompson, I Varley, T Drake, E Harrison, G Linder, J Mayes, R McGregor, R Skipworth, V Zamvar, E Davies, P Hawkin, T Raymond, O Ryska, R Baron, D Dunne, S Gahunia, C Halloran, N Howes, R McKinney, F McNicol, J Russ, P Szatmary, J R Tan, A Thomas, P Whelan, A Anzak, A Banerjee, O Fuwa, F Hughes, J D Jayasinghe, C Knowles, H Kocher, I Leal Silva, F S Ledesma, A Minicozzi, L Navaratne, R Rahman, R Ramamoorthy, C Sohrabi, M Thaha, B Thakur, M Venn, V Yip, R Baumber, J Parry, S Evans, L Jeys, G Morris, M Parry, J Stevenson, N Ahmadi, G Aresu, Z M Barrett-Brown, A S Coonar, H Durio Yates, D Gearon, J Hogan, M King, A Peryt, I S Pradeep, C Smith, M Adishesh, R Atherton, K Baxter, M Brocklehurst, M Chaudhury, N Krishnamohan, J McAleer, G Owens, E Parkin, P Patkar, I Phang, A Aladeojebi, M Ali, B Barmayehvar, A Gaunt, M Gowda, E Halliday, M Kitchen, F Mansour, M Thomas, D Zakai, N Abbassi-Ghadi, H Assalaarachchi, A Currie, M Flavin, A Frampton, M Hague, C Hammer, J Hopper, J Horsnell, S Humphries, A Kamocka, T K Madhuri, S Preston, P Singh, J Stebbing, A Tailor, D Walker, F Aljanadi, M Jones, P Mhandu, C O'Donnell, R Turkington, Z Al-Ishaq, S Bhasin, A S Bodla, A Burahee, A Crichton, R Fossett, N Pigadas, S Pickford, E Rahman, D Snee, R Vidya, N Yassin, F Colombo, D Fountain, M T Hasan, K Karabatsou, R Laurente, O Pathmanaban, A Al-Mukhtar, S Brown, J Edwards, A Giblin, C Kelty, M Lee, G Lye, T Newman, A Sharkey, C Steele, N Sureshkumar Shah, E Whitehall, R Athwal, A Baker, L Jones, C Konstantinou, S Ramcharan, S Singh, J Vatish, R Wilkin, M Ethunandan, G K Sekhon, H Shields, R Singh, F Wensley, S Lawday, A Lyons, T Abbott, S Anwar, K Ghufoor, C Sohrabi, E Chung, R Hagger, A Hainsworth, A Karim, H Owen, A Ramwell, K Williams, C Baker, A Davies, J Gossage, M Kelly, W Knight, J Hall, G Harris, G James, C Kang, D J Lin, A D Rajgor, T Royle, R Scurrah, B Steel, L J Watson, D Choi, R Hutchison, A Jain, V Luoma, H Marcus, R May, A Menon, B Pramodana, L Webber, I A Aneke, P Asaad, B Brown, J Collis, S Duff, A Khan, F Moura, B Wadham, H Warburton, T Elmoslemany, M Jenkinson, C Millward, R Zakaria, S Mccluney, C Parmar, S Shah, J Allison, M S Babar, B Collard, S Goodrum, K Lau, A Patel, R Scott, E Thomas, H Whitmore, D Balasubramaniam, B Jayasankar, S Kapoor, A Ramachandran, A Elhamshary, Smb Imam, K Kapriniotis, V Kasivisvanathan, J Lindsay, S Rakhshani-Moghadam, N Beech, M Chand, L Green, N Kalavrezos, H Kiconco, R McEwen, C Schilling, D Sinha, J Pereca, J Singh, S Chopra, D Egbeare, R Thomas, T Combellack, Sef Jones, M Kornaszewska, M Mohammed, A Sharma, G Tahhan, V Valtzoglou, J Williams, P Eskander, K Gash, L Gourbault, M Hanna, T Maccabe, C Newton, J Olivier, S Rozwadowski, E Teh, D West, H Al-Omishy, M Baig, H Bates, G Di Taranto, K Dickson, N Dunne, C Gill, D Howe, D Jeevan, A Khajuria, K Martin-Ucar AMcEvoy, P Naredla, V Ng, S Robertson, M Sait, D R Sarma, S Shanbhag, T Shortland, S Simmonds, J Skillman, N Tewari, G Walton, M A Akhtar, A Brunt, J McIntyre, K Milne, M M Rashid, A Sgro, K E Stewart, A Turnbull, M Aguilar Gonzalez, S Talukder, C Boyle, D Fernando, K Gallagher, A Laird, D Tham, M Bath, P Patki, C Sohrabi, C Tanabalan, T Arif, C Magee, T Nambirajan, S Powell, R Vinayagam, I Flindall, A Hanson, V Mahendran, S Green, M Lim, L MacDonald, V Miu, L Onos, K Sheridan, R Young, F Alam, O Griffiths, C Houlden, R Jones, V S Kolli, A K Lala, S Leeson, R Peevor, Z Seymour, L Chen, E Henderson, A Loehrer, K Brown, D Fleming, A Haynes, C Heron, C Hill, H Kay, E Leede, K McElhinney, K Olson, E C Osterberg, C Riley, P Srikanth, M Thornhill, D Blazer, G DiLalla, E S Hwang, W Lee, M Lidsky, J Plichta, L Rosenberger, R Scheri, K Shah, K Turnage, J Visgauss, S Zani, J Farma, J Clark, D Kwon, E Etchill, H E Gabre-Kidan AJenny, A Kent, M Ladd, C Long, H Malapati, A Margalit, S Rapaport, J Rose, K Stevens, L Tsai, D Vervoort, P Yesantharao, A Dehal, D Klaristenfeld, K Huynh, L Brown, I Ganly, J Mullinax, N Gusani, J Hazelton, J Maines, J S Oh, A Ssentongo, P Ssentongo, M Azam, A Choudhry, W Marx, J Fleming, A Fuson, J Gigliotti, A Ovaitt, Y Ying, M K Abel, V Andaya, K Bigay, M A Boeck, L Chen, H Chern, C Corvera, I El-Sayed, A Glencer, P Ha, Bcs Hamilton, C Heaton, K Hirose, D M Jablons, K Kirkwood, L Z Kornblith, J R Kratz, R Lee, P N Miller, E Nakakura, B Nunez-Garcia, R O'Donnell, D Ozgediz, P Park, B Robinson, A Sarin, B Sheu, M Varma, K Wai, R Wustrack, M J Xu, D Beswick, J Goddard, J Manor, J Song, T Fullmer, C Gaskill, N Gross, K Kiong, C L Roland, S N Zafar, M Abdallah, A Abouassi, M Almasri, G Kulkarni, H Marwan, M Mehdi, S Aoun, V S Ban, H H Batjer, J Caruso, D Abbott, A Acher, T Aiken, J Barrett, E Foley, P Schwartz, S N Zafar, A Hawkins, A Maiga, J Laufer, S Scasso

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Critical Care, SARS-CoV-2, International Cooperation, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Logistic Models, Postoperative Complications, Elective Surgical Procedures, Neoplasms, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Female, Epidemics, Aged
Abstract

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

Published
2021

22. A randomised controlled masked clinical trial of two treatments for osteoarthritis in dogs

Author

Whittem, T, Richards, L, Alexander, J, Beck, C, Knight, C, Milne, M, Rockman, M, Saunders, R, Tyrrell, D, Whittem, T, Richards, L, Alexander, J, Beck, C, Knight, C, Milne, M, Rockman, M, Saunders, R, and Tyrrell, D

Abstract

The product 4CYTE™ Canine (Interpath Pty Ltd., Ballarat, Victoria, Australia) contains four active ingredients: three marine-derived ingredients and Epiitalis®, which is extracted from the seed of the plant Biota orientalis. Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) licensed for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs and is the active ingredient in several licensed products. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 4CYTE Canine with carprofen for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis. The trial was a randomised, masked, parallel group trial in dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Sixty-nine dogs with body weight of between 10 and 50 kg were enrolled in the study, of which 66 (95.7%) completed the study. The 4CYTE Canine was administered at 60 mg active/kg daily and carprofen at 2-4 mg/kg daily, with a loading dose of up to 4 mg/kg on the first day. The trial duration was 28 days. The primary outcome was defined as improvement in Owner Lameness Score at Day 28 compared with Day 0. Other outcomes measured included Veterinary Lameness Scores and the Owner Mobility Scores. At Day 28, 14 of 29 (48.3%) dogs that received 4CYTE Canine and 13 of 37 (35.1%) dogs that received carprofen had improved. The 4CYTE Canine was found to be non-inferior to carprofen at Day 14 for the Owner Mobility Score and at Day 28 for all three outcomes. This response pattern suggests that improvement in response to 4CYTE Canine continued between Days 14 and 28. These results support the conclusion that 4CYTE Canine is not inferior to carprofen by end-point clinical efficacy.

Published
2021

23. Aorta, liver, and portal vein CT contrast enhancement during the portal venous phase are positively associated with abdominal fat percentage in dogs

Author

Kan, J, Milne, M, Kan, J, and Milne, M

Abstract

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is increasingly being used as a standard diagnostic test for dogs with suspected abdominal pathology. The iodinated contrast dose is commonly calculated based on linear increases in total body weight. However, body fat is not metabolically active and contributes little to dispersing or diluting the contrast medium in the blood. The aim of this retrospective single-center analytic study was to investigate the possible correlation between abdominal organ and vessel enhancement, and abdominal fat percentage in dogs. We hypothesized that, when dosing intravenous iodinated contrast according to total body weight, there would be a positive association between the degree of contrast enhancement of selected organs and vessels with increasing abdominal fat percentage. Vascular and parenchymal attenuation data were collected from 62 multiphasic abdominal CECT scans performed on dogs over a 5-year period at U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital between February 2014 and February 2019. Findings based on a linear regression model showed a positive association of aorta (P = .005), liver (P = .045), and portal vein (P = .001) enhancement to abdominal fat percentage during the portal venous phase. Authors recommend that other body size parameters, such as lean body weight, should be considered when calculating iodine dose for abdominal contrast-enhanced CT in dogs.

Published
2021

24. Chest radiographs and machine learning - Past, present and future.

Author

Jones, CM, Buchlak, QD, Oakden-Rayner, L, Milne, M, Seah, J, Esmaili, N, Hachey, B, Jones, CM, Buchlak, QD, Oakden-Rayner, L, Milne, M, Seah, J, Esmaili, N, and Hachey, B

Abstract

Despite its simple acquisition technique, the chest X-ray remains the most common first-line imaging tool for chest assessment globally. Recent evidence for image analysis using modern machine learning points to possible improvements in both the efficiency and the accuracy of chest X-ray interpretation. While promising, these machine learning algorithms have not provided comprehensive assessment of findings in an image and do not account for clinical history or other relevant clinical information. However, the rapid evolution in technology and evidence base for its use suggests that the next generation of comprehensive, well-tested machine learning algorithms will be a revolution akin to early advances in X-ray technology. Current use cases, strengths, limitations and applications of chest X-ray machine learning systems are discussed.

Published
2021

35. Four priorities for new links between conservation science and accounting research

Author

Feger, C, Mermet, L, Vira, B, Addison, P, Barker, R, Birkin, F, Burns, J, Cooper, S, Couvet, D, Cuckston, T, Daily, G, Dey, C, Gallagher, L, Hails, R, Jollands, S, Mace, G, McKenzie, E, Milne, M, Quattrone, P, Rambaud, A, Russell, S, Santamaria, M, Sutherland, W, Feger, Clément [0000-0003-0157-3292], Addison, Prue FE [0000-0002-4195-9723], Couvet, Denis [0000-0001-8692-9694], Dey, Colin [0000-0002-8035-4807], Hails, Rosemary [0000-0002-6975-1318], Jollands, Stephen [0000-0002-2822-5450], Mace, Georgina [0000-0001-8965-5211], Milne, Markus [0000-0002-3760-9210], Rambaud, Alexandre [0000-0002-4589-850X], Russell, Shona [0000-0002-3473-5019], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of St Andrews. School of Management, University of St Andrews. Centre for the Study of Philanthropy & Public Good, AgroParisTech, Montpellier Research in Management (MRM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Saïd Business School, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], University of Exeter Business School, University of Bristol [Bristol], Aston Business School, Aston University [Birmingham], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, University of Stirling, University of Geneva [Switzerland], National Trust, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], University of Edinburgh, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Natural Capital Coalition, Department of Zoology [Cambridge], and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, Diversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Conservation strategy, QH301 Biology, T-NDAS, HF5601 Accounting, Biodiversity, AF Accountability Sustainability and Governance, HF5601, QH301, Accounting, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Ecosystem services, Ecosystem
Abstract

Engagement with diverse social science disciplines is essential to revealing political, social, and institutional challenges that must be addressed to advance effective biodiversity conservation (Bennett et al. 2017; Teel et al. 2018). One challenge that remains insufficiently investigated is frustration with the lack of impact of innovative information tools and systems of accounts aimed at motivating and guiding ecosystem management. The conservation community invests considerable efforts in their creation and experimentation. However, ecosystem-based tools do not always lead to the changes in decision, action, or policy conser- vation scientists expect (e.g., Ruckelshaus et al. 2015). Often, the inability of such information systems to gen- erate expected changes is not due to technical limitations rather than the too fragile articulation between their de- sign and the complex realities of developing strategies and organizing management of ecosystems in a diversity of contexts. Investigating such articulation between an information system and the organizational details of its systematic use is precisely what characterizes an aca- demic field: accounting, which belongs to management as a discipline and often intersects with social sciences or economics.

Published
2019
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37. Ultrasound evaluation of small intestinal thickness and a comparison to body weight in normal chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Author

Garrett, K, Milne, M, Doneley, R, Perkins, N, Garrett, K, Milne, M, Doneley, R, and Perkins, N

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound in avian patients is useful for identifying abnormalities within the coelomic cavity. A correlation between sonographic evaluation of jejunal thickness and body weight has been reported in mammals, but not the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the normal values of jejunal thickness in the chicken and compare this to body weight. METHODS: Coelomic ultrasound was performed on 89 clinically normal chickens with no history or signs of gastrointestinal disease. Two populations of hens (commercial layers and backyard purebred and mixed-breed hens) were used. Breed and ultrasonographically measured jejunal wall thickness were recorded in all hens. Body weight was recorded in 45 of the hens (mixed-breed and purebred backyard chickens). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant correlation between body weight and ultrasonographically measured jejunal wall thickness. The mean thickness of the jejunal wall in healthy chickens was 2.1 ± 0.08 mm. Further studies comparing jejunal thickness in chickens with and without signs of GI disease would be useful.

Published
2019

38. Four priorities for new links between conservation science and accounting research

Author

Feger, C., Mermet, L., Vira, B., Addison, P. F. E., Barker, R., Birkin, F., Burns, John, Cooper, S., Couvet, D., Cuckston, T., Daily, G. C., Dey, C., Gallagher, L., Hails, R., Jollands, Stephen, Mace, G., Mckenzie, E., Milne, M., Quattrone, P., Rambaud, A., Russell, S., Santamaria, M., Sutherland, W. J., Feger, C., Mermet, L., Vira, B., Addison, P. F. E., Barker, R., Birkin, F., Burns, John, Cooper, S., Couvet, D., Cuckston, T., Daily, G. C., Dey, C., Gallagher, L., Hails, R., Jollands, Stephen, Mace, G., Mckenzie, E., Milne, M., Quattrone, P., Rambaud, A., Russell, S., Santamaria, M., and Sutherland, W. J.

Abstract

Article impact statement: New collaborations with accounting research can improve conservation impact of ecosystem-based information systems.

Published
2019
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42. COVID-19: guidelines for pharmacists in South Africa.

Author

Schellack, N., Coetzee, M., Schellack, G., Gijzelaar, M., Hassim, Z., Milne, M., Bronkhorst, E., Padayachee, N., Singh, N., Kolman, S., and Gray, A. L.

Subjects
COVID-19, COMMUNICABLE diseases, PHARMACISTS, SARS-CoV-2, VACCINE development
Abstract

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, and its declaration as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), the reliance on pharmacists as one of the first points of contact within the healthcare system has been highlighted. This evidence-based review is aimed at providing guidance for pharmacists in community, hospital and other settings in South Africa, on the management of patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19. The situation is rapidly evolving, and new evidence continues to emerge on a daily basis. This guidance document takes into account and includes newly available evidence and recommendations, particularly around the following aspects relating to COVID-19: • Epidemiology • The virus, its modes of transmission and incubation period • Symptom identification, including the differentiation between influenza, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and COVID-19 • Social media myths and misinformation • Treatment guidelines and medicines that may need to be kept in stock • Treatment and prevention options, including an update on vaccine development • The case for and against the use of NSAIDs, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19 • Interventions and patient counselling by the pharmacist. It is critical, though, that pharmacists access the most recent and authoritative information to guide their practice. Key websites that can be relied upon are: • World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel- coronavirus-2019 • National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD): https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases- a-z-index/covid-19/ • National Department of Health (NDoH): http://www.health.gov.za/index.php/ outbreaks/145-corona-virus-outbreak/465-corona-virusoutbreak; https://sacoronavirus. co.za/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

47. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Set Point Alterations Are Associated With Body Composition in Androgen-Deprived Men

Author

Hoermann, R, Cheung, AS, Milne, M, Grossmann, M, Hoermann, R, Cheung, AS, Milne, M, and Grossmann, M

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) given to men with prostate cancer is associated with metabolically adverse changes in body composition leading to insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated prospectively whether androgen deprivation or its consequences may be associated with alterations in thyroid function in men. DESIGN: We performed a prespecified secondary analysis of a prospective case control study. METHODS: We prospectively followed men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer newly commencing ADT (n = 34) and age-matched controls (n = 29) for 12 months. We assessed secondary outcomes on thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones using a linear mixed model to determine mean adjusted differences (MADs) between groups. RESULTS: After a 12-month follow-up period, TSH increased in cases compared with control subjects [MAD, 0.69 mIU/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58-0.82; P < 0.001]. This was accompanied by a rise in FT4 (MAD, 2.2 pmol/L; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2; P < 0.001), reduced FT3-FT4 conversion (MAD, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.10 to -0.4; P < 0.001), and stable FT3. TSH change correlated significantly with changes in weight, body mass index, and fat mass in cases but not with waist circumference, lean mass, visceral fat, insulin resistance, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and estradiol. The rise in TSH after 12 months was strongly associated with changes in leptin. CONCLUSIONS: A profound rise in TSH in the absence of peripheral hypothyroidism under ADT suggests set point adaptations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. This appears to be mediated by body composition changes and by the fat-associated hormone leptin rather than by androgen deficiency. Further studies are required to determine the causality and biological implications of these findings.

Published
2017

48. Long-term intra-individual variability of albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications for categorization of albumin excretion rate

Author

Leong, A, Ekinci, EI, Nguyen, C, Milne, M, Hachem, M, Dobson, M, MacIsaac, RJ, Jerums, G, Leong, A, Ekinci, EI, Nguyen, C, Milne, M, Hachem, M, Dobson, M, MacIsaac, RJ, and Jerums, G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world. Early and accurate identification of DKD offers the best chance of slowing the progression of kidney disease. An important method for evaluating risk of progressive DKD is abnormal albumin excretion rate (AER). Due to the high variability in AER, most guidelines recommend the use of more than or equal to two out of three AER measurements within a 3- to 6-month period to categorise AER. There are recognised limitations of using AER as a marker of DKD because one quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes may develop kidney disease without an increase in albuminuria and spontaneous regression of albuminuria occurs frequently. Nevertheless, it is important to investigate the long-term intra-individual variability of AER in participants with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Consecutive AER measurements (median 19 per subject) were performed in 497 participants with type 2 diabetes from 1999 to 2012 (mean follow-up 7.9 ± 3 years). Baseline clinical characteristics were collected to determine associations with AER variability. Participants were categorised as having normo-, micro- or macroalbuminuria according to their initial three AER measurements. Participants were then categorised into four patterns of AER trajectories: persistent, intermittent, progressing and regressing. Coefficients of variation were used to measure intra-individual AER variability. RESULTS: The median coefficient of variation of AER was 53.3%, 76.0% and 67.0% for subjects with normo-, micro- or macroalbuminuria at baseline. The coefficient of variation of AER was 37.7%, 66% and 94.8% for subjects with persistent, intermittent and progressing normoalbuminuria; 43%, 70.6%, 86.1% and 82.3% for subjects with persistent, intermittent, progressing and regressing microalbuminuria; and 55.2%, 67% and 82.4% for subjects with persistent, intermittent and regressing macroalbuminuria, respectively. CONCLUSIO

Published
2017

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