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This article examines the British Government's decision to establish the Royal Commission on the War in South Africa and how the Edwardian press presented its findings to the public. It will discuss how the Conservative media attempted to downplay the significance of the report and how the Liberal and Radical presses attempted to use it to raise questions about the Government's ability to manage crises and, by linking the failures of military planning to new Conservative economic and education policies, challenge the competency of the Colonial Secretary and powerful Unionist leader, Joseph Chamberlain. Finally, it will show how the press, regardless of political leaning, remained supportive of the military leadership which conducted the war effort despite it playing a significant role in the faulty planning and operational failures of 1899. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a collection of book reviews from the journal Agricultural History. The first review discusses a book that focuses on the management of agricultural farms in the French-speaking world from the 18th to the 19th century. The reviewer praises the book for its synthesis of past scholarship and its potential for future research, but criticizes the lack of political actors in the narrative. The second review examines a book that explores the outlook of peasants in northern France, Belgium, and Switzerland during the 18th and 19th centuries. The book analyzes the peasants' farm management records and highlights their concerns for their households, community, and reputation. The reviewer commends the author for his contribution to agricultural history and the understanding of peasant rationality. The third review discusses a book that explores the complex relationships between humans and other species in Australia's Murray-Darling Basin. The book presents various case studies and emphasizes the interconnectedness of human societies and ecosystems. The reviewer notes the book's pluralistic approach and its contribution to the field of environmental history. [Extracted from the article]

Microalgae are a promising platform for generating valuable commercial products, including proteins that may not express well in more traditional cell culture systems. In the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, transgenic proteins can be expressed from either the nuclear or chloroplast genome. Expression in the chloroplast has several advantages, but technology is not yet well developed for expressing multiple transgenic proteins simultaneously. Here, we developed new synthetic operon vectors to express multiple proteins from a single chloroplast transcription unit. We modified an existing chloroplast expression vector to contain intercistronic elements derived from cyanobacterial and tobacco operons and tested the ability of the resulting operon vectors to express two or three different proteins at a time. All operons containing two of the coding sequences (for C. reinhardtii FBP1 and atpB) expressed the products of those genes, but operons containing the other two coding sequences (C. reinhardtii FBA1 and the synthetic camelid antibody gene VHH) did not. These results expand the repertoire of intercistronic spacers that can function in the C. reinhardtii chloroplast, but they also suggest that some coding sequences do not function well in the context of synthetic operons in this alga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of genotype information to improve the predictability of Expected Progeny Difference was first implemented in American Angus cattle in 2009 and has now grown to where over 50% of all registered calves are genotyped. Animals with only a genotype now have genetic prediction accuracy equivalent to eight or more progeny records across all traits. Reproductive technologies have also been widely adopted with approximately 50% of all calves born being the result of artificial insemination. Non-surgical embryo transfer started increasing in the mid 1990s with just over 10% of calves born being the result of embryo transfer since 2005. The number of embryos created with in vitro technologies has risen sharply since 2015 and now accounts for close to 30% of all ET calves. Genomics has enabled embryo technologies to be more impactful, as females can be selected with greater accuracy and sires can be used at earlier ages with moderate accuracy. Large numbers of females genotyped each year also increases the number of selection candidates, increasing the selection intensity. Genomics, combined with increased recording, also provides more information on females. This increases the spread in the estimated index values of current dams, identifying more elite dams for selection as embryo donors. The greater scope of female selection also contributes to better inbreeding management. Commercial animals genotyped could be targeted for oocyte harvesting at slaughter, creating opportunities for low cost high value beef embryos to be used in the beef on dairy segment of the industry. Angus cattle breeders in America are now making extensive use of genomic information to select the parents of the next generation. Since genomic information is available at birth, females can be more accurately selected and the genomic information better identifies females that should be used in an embryo transfer program, which increases the number of offspring from these elite cows. This genomic information combined with reproductive technologies is contributing to the Angus breeds ever increasing level of genetic merit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthur's conjectures predict the existence of some very interesting unitary representations occurring in spaces of automorphic forms. We prove the unitarity of the "Langlands element" (i.e., the representation specified by Arthur) of all unipotent Arthur packets for split real exceptional groups. The proof uses Eisenstein series, Langlands' constant term formula and square integrability criterion, analytic properties of intertwining operators, and some mild arithmetic input from the theory of Dirichlet L-functions, to reduce to a more combinatorial problem about intertwining operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a reply to a comment made on an article about optic neuritis caused by snakebites. The authors thank the commenter for their interest and acknowledge that antivenom could be a potential cause of optic neuritis in snakebite victims. The primary aim of the original article was to report the MRI findings in patients with snakebite-induced optic neuritis and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. The authors also highlighted the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms of optic neuritis in snakebite victims. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

Snakebite envenomation is a high priority neglected tropical disease that predominantly affects rural communities living in developing countries. Due to myriad of complications including coagulopathies, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and local tissue destruction, treating snakebite victims is a major challenge for clinicians. Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is one of the 'Big Four' venomous snakes in India, and it is responsible for the most snakebite-induced deaths and disabilities. Acute kidney injury occurs frequently following Russell's viper bites and it is a critical factor contributing to disabilities, deaths and excessive treatment costs. In addition to commonly observed envenomation effects, Russell's viper bites induce some rare complications such as priapism, sialolithiasis and splenic rupture. Here, we report a case of Wunderlich syndrome that developed in a 22-year-old male following a Russell's viper bite. The patient displayed severe coagulopathies, abdominal tenderness, and hypotension. Notably, a peri-nephric haematoma was identified through ultrasound and computerised tomographic imaging. The haemorrhage was successfully treated using angioembolisation, and the patient recovered without any difficulties. Although a clinical condition such as this is rare, it is important to create awareness among treating clinicians about its occurrence, diagnosis and clinical management. [Display omitted] • Snakebite-induced Wunderlich syndrome is a rare clinical event. • We report Russell's viper bite-induced Wunderlich syndrome (WS) in a young healthy victim. • The patient displayed peri-nephric haematoma around the right kidney along with coagulopathy, abdominal pain and hypotension typical for WS. • This condition was treated using angioembolisation. • Clinicians should be aware of WS and its symptoms when treating snakebite victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, a series of large normal faulting earthquakes in the Apennines filled the seismic gap between the 1997 Colfiorito and 2009 L'Aquila earthquakes. These earthquakes, known as the Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia (AVN) sequence, spawned hundreds of thousand of aftershocks in the first year, extending about 60 km along strike. The Colfiorito and L'Aquila aftershocks showed a significant high fluid‐pressure component in their aftershock genesis, and here we show evidence that the AVN aftershocks also include a significant high pressure CO2 component. This CO2 is both deeply‐derived, and internally generated by thermal decomposition. Using a simple model of non‐linear diffusion with a source term, we compare model results with the observed cumulative number of aftershocks, and also spatial comparisons between the calculated fluid pressure and the hypocenters of about 35,000 well‐located events. The good comparisons between model and observations provide evidence that the AVN sequence includes a contribution (additional fluid source) from co‐seismic decarbonization. Our results suggest that internal fluid generation through devolitization or decarbonization is responsible for non‐Omori type aftershock behavior such as observed for the AVN sequence and for the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku (Japan) and the 2014 Iquique (Chile) Mw 8.2 megathrust subduction zone earthquakes. Plain Language Summary: The 2016 Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia (AVN) earthquake sequence (Italian Apennines) spawned hundreds of thousands of aftershocks in the first year. In this work, we show using a physical and numerical model that the aftershocks are generated by high pressure CO2 thermally decomposed from the carbonates (decarbonization), in addition to deeply‐derived CO2 already shown to be a major contributing factor in Apenninian earthquake sequences. Model results also suggest that aftershock sequences that differ from the standard Omori‐type decay rate (e.g., The 2016 AVN‐sequence, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Japan and the 2014 Iquique earthquake, Chile) indicate the internal generation of fluids from either dehydration or de‐carbonization. Key Points: Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia earthquakes sequence modeled as a fluid‐pressure diffusion process with a source termModel shows that this sequence is driven by deeply‐derived and co‐seismically generated CO2 through thermal decompositionGood spatial and temporal agreement for all depth profiles between modeled and well‐located aftershocks of about 35,000 events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), one of the 'Big Four' venomous snakes in India, is responsible for the majority of snakebite-induced deaths and permanent disabilities. Russell's viper bites are known to induce bleeding/clotting abnormalities, as well as myotoxic, nephrotoxic, cytotoxic and neurotoxic envenomation effects. In addition, they have been reported to induce rare envenomation effects such as priapism, sialolithiasis and splenic rupture. However, Russell's viper bite-induced pseudoaneurysm (PA) has not been previously reported. PA or false aneurysm is a rare phenomenon that occurs in arteries following traumatic injuries including some animal bites, and it can become a life-threatening condition if not treated promptly. Here, we document two clinical cases of Russell's viper bites where PA has developed, despite antivenom treatment. Notably, a non-surgical procedure, ultrasound-guided compression (USGC), either alone, or in combination with thrombin was effectively used in both the cases to treat the PA. Following this procedure and additional measures, the patients made complete recoveries without the recurrence of PA which were confirmed by subsequent examination and ultrasound scans. These data demonstrate the development of PA as a rare complication following Russell's viper bites and the effective use of a simple, non-surgical procedure, USGC for the successful treatment of PA. These results will create awareness among healthcare professionals on the development of PA and the use of USGC in snakebite victims following bites from Russell's vipers, as well as other viper bites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines changes in housing law and policy and its impact on the production of housing units that meet the housing needs in the U.S. Topics discussed include the conflicts in policy goals of housing advocates, a background on the country's housing market, the effects of zoning on housing production and environmental concerns, the types of housing advocates, and the need to consider development through the lens of the private developer subject to real-life market demands.

The American Heart Association scientific statement on cardiogenic shock and the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative have provided the impetus to advance knowledge and development of national guidelines for cardiogenic shock. We evaluate the current state of knowledge surrounding cardiogenic shock and limitations to the development of national guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Malagasy Folk-Lore Society was founded in 1876 in Madagascar and counts as the first Folk-Lore Society to be so named. The holdings of SOAS University of London allow its history to be documented for the first time. Along with the South African Folk-Lore Society (1879), it was one established in the Global South. The Malagasy Folk-Lore Society and The Folk-Lore Society in London were to become linked through the figure of the Rev. James Sibree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a principled technique for reducing the lattice and matrix size in some applications of Coppersmith's lattice method for finding roots of modular polynomial equations. It relies on extrapolating patterns from the actual behavior of Coppersmith's attack for smaller parameter sizes, which can be thought of as "focus group" testing. When applied to the small-exponent RSA problem, our technique reduces lattice dimensions and consequently running times, and hence can be applied to a wider range of exponents. Moreover, in many difficult examples our attack is not only faster but also more successful in recovering the RSA secret key. We include a discussion of subtleties concerning whether or not existing metrics (such as enabling condition bounds) are decisive in predicting the true efficacy of attacks based on Coppersmith's method. Finally, indications are given which suggest certain lattice basis reduction algorithms (such as Nguyen-Stehlé's L2) may be particularly well-suited for Coppersmith's method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary cysts and neoplasms, especially congenital or occurring at a young age, should be thoroughly investigated. Evaluation for DICER1 mutations should be performed if there is a family history of this syndrome, the lung cyst/neoplasm is a pleuropulmonary blastoma, or other clinical manifestations of this syndrome are present or develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the impact of late Victorian cultural assumptions on the conduct of the South African War of 1899-1902, both at home and on the battlefield. It contends that three cultural values, intrinsic to late Victorian culture--cosmopolitanism, political egalitarianism, and race--shaped British soldiers' sense of justice at the outset of the war and, as a result, influenced their actions on and off the battlefield. This article emphasizes that the numerous "small wars" fought by British armies in the late nineteenth century, of which the South African War was the largest, were each unique and worthy of study not just as political history but as cultural military history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: General adult psychiatrists are largely responsible for the care of patients with personality disorders in community and in-patient settings, and this can be associated with diagnostic and management challenges. In the first of two articles focusing specifically on borderline personality disorder (BPD), we summarise the core clinical features of the disorder and discuss appropriate diagnostic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]