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13. An Unusual PRESentation of Stroke

Author

Adams-Carr, Kerala L., Kennedy, Jon, Miller, Robert F., Gill, Sumanjit K., editor, Brown, Martin, editor, Robertson, Fergus, editor, and Losseff, Nicholas, editor

Published
2024
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15. Risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy among persons with HIV in Europe

Author

Johansen, Isik S., Roen, Ashley, Kraef, Christian, Martín-Iguacel, Raquel, Nemeth, Johannes, Fenner, Lukas, Zangerle, Robert, Llibre, Josep M., Miller, Robert F., Suarez, Isabelle, de Wit, Stephane, Wit, Ferdinand, Mussini, Christina, Saracino, Annalisa, Canetti, Diana, Volny-Anne, Alain, Jaschinski, Nadine, Neesgaard, Bastian, Ryom, Lene, Peters, Lars, Garges, Harmony P., Rooney, James F., Podlekareva, Daria, Mocroft, Amanda, and Kirk, Ole

Published
2024
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18. Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Tierney, John, Vogel, Susan E., McNay, Laura A., Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Sardana, Ratna, Segal Raim, Sharo, Shaw-Saliba, Katy, Atri, Negin, Miller, Mark, Vallee, David, Chung, Lucy, Delph, Yvette, Adam, Stacey J., Read, Sarah, Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra, Harrigan, Rachel, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, DuChene, Alain, Eckroth, Kate, Frase, Alex, Harrison, Merrie, Meger, Sue, Quan, Kien, Quan, Siu Fun, Reilly, Cavan, Thompson, Greg, Walski, Jamie, Moskowitz, Alan J., Bagiella, Emilia, Moquete, Ellen, O'Sullivan, Karen, Marks, Mary E., Accardi, Evan, Kinzel, Emily, Bedoya, Gabriela, Gupta, Lopa, Overbey, Jessica R., Padillia, Maria L., Santos, Milerva, Gillinov, Marc A., Miller, Marissa A., Taddei-Peters, Wendy C., Fenton, Kathleen, Smith, Peter K., Vekstein, Andrew M., Ko, Emily R., Al-Hegelan, Mashael S., McGowan, Lauren M., Motta, Mary, Howell, Shauna, Bent, Francine, Kalager, Rachel, Chan, Emmanuel, Aloor, Heather L., Griffin, S. Michelle, Covington, Anna, McLendon-Arvik, Beth, Bussadori, Barbara, Miller-Bell, Mary, Sampey, Cathy, Gaver, Vincent, Hollister, Beth A., Giangiacomo, Dana M., Pauley, Alena, Patel, Aashay, Classon, Chris, Frazier, Madison, Osborne, Robyn, Conlon, Debbi H., Joshi, Marybeth, Gottlieb, Robert L., Mack, Michael, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Dishner, Emma, Bettacchi, Christopher, Golden, Kevin, Duhaime, Erin, Ryan, Madison, Tallmadge, Catherine, Estrada, Lorie, Jones, Felecia, Villa, Samantha, Wang, Samantha, Robert, Raven, Coleman, Tanquinisha, Clariday, Laura, Baker, Rebecca, Hurutado-Rodriguez, Mariana, Iram, Nazia, Fresnedo, Michelle, Davis, Allyson, Leonard, Kiara, Ramierez, Noelia, Thammavong, Jon, Duque, Krizia, Turner, Emma, Fisher, Tammy, Robinson, Dianna, Ransom, Desirae, Maldonado, Nicholas, Lusk, Erica, Killian, Aaron, Palacios, Adriana, Solis, Edilia, Jerrow, Janet, Watts, Matthew, Whitacre, Heather, Cothran, Elizabeth, Bender, William, Miller, Jeffrey, Nugent, Katherine, Farrington, Woodrow, Baio, Kim T., McBride, Mary K., Fielding, Michele, Mathewson, Sonya, Porte, Kristina, Haley, Elizabeth, Rogers, Susan, Tyler, Derrick, Perin, Emerson, Costello, Briana, Postalian, Alexander, Sohail, Rizwan, Hinsu, Punit, Watson, Carolyn, Kappenman, Casey, Chen, James, Walker, Kim, Fink, Melyssa, Phillip, Gabrielle, Mahon, Kim, Sturgis, Lydia, Maher, Patrick, Rogers, Linda, Ng, Nicole, Marshall, Jason, Bassily-Marcus, Adel, Cohen, Ivy, Ramoo, Shamini, Malhotra, Aryan, Kessler, Jonathan, Goetz, Rebekah, Badhwar, Vinay, Hayanga, Jeremiah, Giblin Sutton, Lisa, Williams, Roger, Berry Bartolo, Elizabeth, Walker, Dmitry, Bunner, Robin, Glaze, Chad, Aucremanne, Tanja, Bishop, James, Kelley, Macey, Peterson, Autumn, Sauerborn, Erica, Reckart, Robin, Miller, Brittany, Mittel, Aaron, Darmanian, Anita, Rosen, Amanda, Madahar, Purnema, Schicchi, John, Gosek, Katarzyna, Dzierba, Amy, Wahab, Romina, Eng, Connie, Al-Saadi, Mukhtar, Zahiruddin, Faisal, Syed, Mohi, George, Michael, Patel, Varsha, Onwunyi, Chisom, Barroso da Costa, Rosa, North, Crystal, Ringwood, Nancy, Fitzgerald, Laura, Muzikansky, Ariela, Morse, Richard, Brower, Roy G., Reineck, Lora A., Bienstock, Karen, Hou, Peter, Steingrub, Jay S., Tidswell, Mark A., Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Kardos, Cynthia, De Souza, Leslie, Talmor, Daniel, Shapiro, Nathan, Hibbert, Kathryn, Brait, Kelsey, Kone, Mamary, Hendey, Gregory, Kangelaris, Kirsten N., Ashktorab, Kimia, Gropper, Rachel, Agrawal, Anika, Timothy, Kelly, Zhou, Hanjing, Hughes, Alyssa, Garcia, Rebekah, Torres, Adrian, Hernandez-Almaraz, Maria Elena, Vojnik, Rosemary, Perez, Cynthia, McDowell, Jordan, Chang, Steven Y., Vargas, Julia, Moss, Marc, McKeehan, Jeffrey, Higgins, Carrie, Johnson, Emily, Slaughter, Suzanne, Wyles, David, Hiller, Terra, Oakes, Judy, Garcia, Ana, Gravitz, Stephanie, Lyle, Carolynn, Swanson, Diandra, Gong, Michelle Ng., Richardson, Lynnne D., Chen, Jen-Ting, Moskowitz, Ari, Mohamed, Amira, Lopez, Brenda, Amosu, Omowunmi, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Boujid, Sabah, Bixby, Billie, Lopez, Anitza A., Durley, JaVon, Gilson, Boris, Hite, R. Duncan, Wang, Henry, Wiedemann, Hebert P., Mehkri, Omar, Ashok, Kiran, King, Alexander, Brennan, Connery, Exline, Matthew C., Englert, Joshua A., Karow, Sarah, Schwartz, Elizabeth, So, Preston, So, Madison, Krol, Olivia F., Briceno Parra, Genesis I., Mills, Emmanuel Nii Lantei, Oh, Minn, Pena, Jose, Martínez, Jesús Alejandro, Jackman, Susan E., Bayoumi, Emad, Pascual, Ethan, Caudill, Antonina, Chen, Po-En, Richardson, Tabia, Clapham, Gregg J., Herrera, Lisa, Ojukwu, Cristabelle, Fine, Devin, Gomez, Millie J., Choi-Kuaea, Yunhee, Weissberg, Gwendolyn, Isip, Katherine, Mattison, Brittany, Tran, Dana, Emilov Dukov, Jennifer, Chung, Paul, Kang, Bo Ran, Escobar, Lauren, Tran, Trung, Baig, Saba, Wallick, Julie A., Duven, Alexandria M., Fletcher, Dakota D., Gundel, Stephanie, Fuentes, Megan, Newton, Maranda, Peterson, Emily, Jiang, Kelsey, Files, D. Clark, Miller, Chadwick, Lematty, Caitlin, Rasberry, April, Warden, Ashley, Bledsoe, Joseph, Knowlton, Kirk, Knox, Daniel B., Klippel, Carolyn, Armbruster, Brent P., Applegate, Darrin, Imel, Karah, Fergus, Melissa, Rahmati, Kasra, Jensen, Hannah, Aston, Valerie T., Jeppson, Joshua, Marshall, J. Hunter, Lumpkin, Jenna, Smith, Cassie, Burke, Tyler, Gray, Andrew, Paine, Robert, Callahan, Sean, Yamane, Misty, Waddoups, Lindsey, Rice, Todd W., Johnson, Jakea, Gray, Christopher, Hays, Margaret, Roth, Megan, Musick, Sarah, Miller, Karen, Semler, Matthew W., Popielski, Laura, Kambo, Amy, Viens, Kimberly, Turner, Melissa, Vjecha, Michael J., Denyer, Rachel, Khosla, Rahul, Rajendran, Bindu, Gonzales, Melissa, Moriarty, Theresa, Biswas, Kousick, Harrington, Cristin, Garcia, Amanda, Bremer, Tammy, Burke, Tara, Koker, Brittany, Pittman, David, Vasudeva, Shikha S., Anholm, James D., Specht, Lennard, Rodriguez, Aimee, Ngo, Han, Duong, Lien, Previte, Matthew, Raben, Dorthe, Nielsen, Charlotte B., Friis Larsen, Jakob, Peters, Lars, Matthews, Gail, Kelleher, Anthony, Polizzotto, Mark, Carey, Catherine, Chang, Christina, Dharan, Nila, Hough, Sally, Virachit, Sophie, Davidson, Sarah, Bice, Daniel J., Ognenovska, Katherine, Cabrera, Gesalit, Flynn, Ruth, Abdelghany, Mazin, Baseler, Beth, Teitelbaum, Marc, Holley, H. Preston, Jankelevich, Shirley, Adams, Amy, Becker, Nancy, Doleny, Suzanne, Hissey, Debbie, Simpson, Shelly, Kim, Mi Ha, Beeler, Joy, Harmon, Liam, Vanderpuye, Sharon, Yeon, Lindsey, Frye, Leanna, Rudzinski, Erin, Buehn, Molly, Eccard-Koons, Vanessa, Frary, Sadie, MacDonalad, Leah, Cash, Jennifer, Hoopengardner, Lisa, Linton, Jessica, Nelson, Michaela, Spinelli-Nadzam, Mary, Proffitt, Calvin, Lee, Christopher, Engel, Theresa, Fontaine, Laura, Osborne, CK, Hohn, Matt, Galcik, Michael, Thompson, DeeDee, Sandrus, Jen, Manchard, Jon, Giri, Jiwan, Kopka, Stacy, Chang, Weizhong, Sherman, Brad T., Rupert, Adam W., Highbarger, Helene, Baseler, Michael, Lallemand, Perrine, Rehman, Tauseef, Imamichi, Tom, Laverdure, Sylvain, Paudel, Sharada, Cook, Kyndal, Haupt, Kendra, Hazen, Allison, Badralmaa, Yunden, Highbarger, Jeroen, McCormack, Ashley, Gerry, Norman P., Smith, Kenneth, Patel, Bhakti, Domeraski, Nadia, Hoover, Marie L., DuChateau, Nadine, Flosi, Adam, Nelson, Rich, Stojanovic, Jelena, Wenner, Christine, Brown, Samuel M, Barkauskas, Christina E, Grund, Birgit, Sharma, Shweta, Phillips, Andrew N, Leither, Lindsay, Peltan, Ithan D, Lanspa, Michael, Gilstrap, Daniel L, Mourad, Ahmad, Lane, Kathleen, Beitler, Jeremy R, Serra, Alexis L, Garcia, Ivan, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Hubel, Kinsley, Harris, Estelle S, Middleton, Elizabeth A, Barrios, Macy A G, Mathews, Kusum S, Goel, Neha N, Acquah, Samuel, Mosier, Jarrod, Hypes, Cameron, Salvagio Campbell, Elizabeth, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Wilson, Jennifer G, Levitt, Joseph E, Duggal, Abhijit, Dugar, Siddharth, Goodwin, Andrew J, Terry, Charles, Chen, Peter, Torbati, Sam, Iyer, Nithya, Sandkovsky, Uriel S, Johnson, Nicholas J, Robinson, Bryce R H, Matthay, Michael A, Aggarwal, Neil R, Douglas, Ivor S, Casey, Jonathan D, Hache-Marliere, Manuel, Georges Youssef, J, Nkemdirim, William, Leshnower, Brad, Awan, Omar, Pannu, Sonal, O'Mahony, Darragh Shane, Manian, Prasad, Awori Hayanga, J W, Wortmann, Glenn W, Tomazini, Bruno M, Miller, Robert F, Jensen, Jens-Ulrik, Murray, Daniel D, Bickell, Nina A, Zatakia, Jigna, Burris, Sarah, Higgs, Elizabeth S, Natarajan, Ven, Dewar, Robin L, Schechner, Adam, Kang, Nayon, Arenas-Pinto, Alejandro, Hudson, Fleur, Ginde, Adit A, Self, Wesley H, Rogers, Angela J, Oldmixon, Cathryn F, Morin, Haley, Sanchez, Adriana, Weintrob, Amy C, Cavalcanti, Alexandre Biasi, Davis-Karim, Anne, Engen, Nicole, Denning, Eileen, Taylor Thompson, B, Gelijns, Annetine C, Kan, Virginia, Davey, Victoria J, Lundgren, Jens D, Babiker, Abdel G, Neaton, James D, and Lane, H Clifford

Published
2023
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19. Recommendations for defining preventable HIV-related mortality for public health monitoring in the era of Getting to Zero: an expert consensus

Author

Croxford, Sara E, Martin, Veronique, Lucas, Sebastian B, Miller, Robert F, Post, Frank A, Anderson, Jane, Apea, Vanessa J, Asboe, David, Brough, Garry, Chadwick, David R, Collins, Simon, Corkin, Helen, Dean, Gillian, Delpech, Valerie C, Gogia, Maka, Gold, Deborah, Kafkalias, Anna, Korkodilos, Marilena, Kowalska, Justyna D, Lindo, Jacqueline, Lundgren, Jens D, Lynch, Lucy, Martinez, Esteban, McDougall, Niall, North, Sarah, Rockstroh, Juergen K, Sabin, Caroline, Vidal-Read, Maria, Waters, Laura J, and Sullivan, Ann K

Published
2023
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20. Consensus Statements on Deployment-Related Respiratory Disease, Inclusive of Constrictive Bronchiolitis: A Modified Delphi Study

Author

Falvo, Michael J., Sotolongo, Anays M., Osterholzer, John J., Robertson, Michelle W., Kazerooni, Ella A., Amorosa, Judith K., Garshick, Eric, Jones, Kirk D., Galvin, Jeffrey R., Kreiss, Kathleen, Hines, Stella E., Franks, Teri J., Miller, Robert F., Rose, Cecile S., Arjomandi, Mehrdad, Krefft, Silpa D., Morris, Michael J., Polosukhin, Vasiliy V., Blanc, Paul D., and D’Armiento, Jeanine M.

Published
2023
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29. Improving 1-Year Mortality Following Intensive Care Unit Admission in Adults with HIV: A 20-Year Observational Study.

Author

Kanitkar, Tanmay, Bakewell, Nicholas, Dissanayake, Oshani, Symonds, Maggie, Rimmer, Stephanie, Adlakha, Amit, Lipman, Marc C. I., Bhagani, Sanjay, Agarwal, Banwari, Sabin, Caroline A., and Miller, Robert F.

Subjects
INTENSIVE care units, HIV infections, ANTIRETROVIRAL agents, RESPIRATORY insufficiency, TREATMENT effectiveness
Abstract

Background: Despite widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) continue to have an increased risk of admission to and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Mortality risk after hospital discharge is not well described. Using retrospective data on adult PWH (≥18 years) admitted to ICU from 2000-2019 in an HIV-referral centre, we describe trends in 1-year mortality after ICU admission. Methods: One-year mortality was calculated from index ICU admission to date of death; with follow-up right-censored at day 365 for people remaining alive at 1 year, or day 7 after ICU discharge if lost-to-follow-up after hospital discharge. Cox regression was used to describe the association with calendar year before and after adjustment for patient characteristics (age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] score, CD4+ T-cell count, and recent HIV diagnosis) at ICU admission. Analyses were additionally restricted to those discharged alive from ICU using a left-truncated design, with further adjustment for respiratory failure at ICU admission in these analyses. Results: Two hundred and twenty-one PWH were admitted to ICU (72% male, median [interquartile range] age 45 [38–53] years) of whom 108 died within 1-year (cumulative 1-year survival: 50%). Overall, the hazard of 1-year mortality was decreased by 10% per year (crude hazard ratio (HR): 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.87-0.93)); the association was reduced to 7% per year (adjusted HR: 0.93 (0.89-0.98)) after adjustment. Conclusions were similar among the subset of 136 patients discharged alive (unadjusted: 0.91 (0.84-0.98); adjusted 0.92 (0.84, 1.02)). Conclusions: Between 2000 and 2019, 1-year mortality after ICU admission declined at this ICU. Our findings highlight the need for multi-centre studies and the importance of continued engagement in care after hospital discharge among PWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Role of thoracic ultrasonography in pleurodesis pathways for malignant pleural effusions (SIMPLE): an open-label, randomised controlled trial

Author

Psallidas, Ioannis, Hassan, Maged, Yousuf, Ahmed, Duncan, Tracy, Khan, Shahul Leyakathali, Blyth, Kevin G, Evison, Matthew, Corcoran, John P, Barnes, Simon, Reddy, Raja, Bonta, Peter I, Bhatnagar, Rahul, Kagithala, Gayathri, Dobson, Melissa, Knight, Ruth, Dutton, Susan J, Luengo-Fernandez, Ramon, Hedley, Emma, Piotrowska, Hania, Brown, Louise, Asa'ari, Kamal Abi Musa, Mercer, Rachel M, Asciak, Rachelle, Bedawi, Eihab O, Hallifax, Rob J, Slade, Mark, Benamore, Rachel, Edey, Anthony, Miller, Robert F, Maskell, Nick A, and Rahman, Najib M

Published
2022
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31. The Relationship between Pneumocystis Infection in Animal and Human Hosts, and Climatological and Environmental Air Pollution Factors: A Systematic Review

Author

Miller, Robert F, Huang, Laurence, and Walzer, Peter D

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Pneumonia, Pneumonia & Influenza, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Prevention, Lung, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Climate, Environment, Pneumocystis, Season, Temperature, air pollution, detection
Abstract

Over the past decade, there has been rising interest in the interaction of Pneumocystis with the environment. This interest has arisen in part from the demonstration that environmental factors have important effects on the viability and transmission of microbes, including Pneumocystis. Environmental factors include climatological factors such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation, and air pollution factors including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. We undertook a systematic review in order to identify environmental factors associated with Pneumocystis infection or PCP, and their effects on human and animal hosts. The systematic review found evidence of associations between Pneumocystis infection in animal and human hosts, and climatological and air pollution factors. Data from human studies infers that rather than a seasonal association, presentation with PCP appears to be highest when the average temperature is between 10 and 20°C. There was evidence of an association with hospitalization with PCP and ambient air pollution factors, as well as evidence of an effect of air pollution on both systemic and bronchoscopic lavage fluid humoral responses to Pneumocystis. Interpretation of human studies was confounded by possible genetically-determined predisposition to, or protection from infection. This systematic review provides evidence of associations between Pneumocystis infection in both animal and human hosts, and climatological and environmental air pollution factors. This information may lead to an improved understanding of the conditions involved in transmission of Pneumocystis in both animal and human hosts. Such knowledge is critical to efforts aimed at prevention.

Published
2018

33. HIV outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic in people of Black ethnicities living with HIV in England

Author

Ottaway, Zoe, primary, Campbell, Lucy, additional, Fox, Julie, additional, Burns, Fiona, additional, Hamzah, Lisa, additional, Kegg, Stephen, additional, Rosenvinge, Melanie, additional, Schoeman, Sarah, additional, Price, David, additional, Jones, Rachael, additional, Miller, Robert F., additional, Tariq, Shema, additional, and Post, Frank A., additional

Published
2024
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36. List of Contributors

Author

Adamczick, Charlotte, primary, Aldrich, Cassandra, additional, Ariyoshi, Koya, additional, Babji, Sudhir, additional, Bastawrous, Andrew, additional, Bates, M. Jane, additional, Bausch, Daniel G., additional, Beare, Nicholas A.V., additional, Berto, Cesar G., additional, Blum, Johannes, additional, Boelaert, Marleen, additional, Burchard, Gerd-Dieter, additional, Bustamante, Beatriz, additional, Velasco, Fátima Concha, additional, Cordero, Fernando Mejía, additional, M. Coyle, Christina, additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, Dance, David A.B., additional, Day, Jeremy, additional, Dieckmann, Sebastian, additional, Ekem, Ivy, additional, El-Dib, Nadia, additional, Douangnoulak, Viravong, additional, Fernández, Facundo M., additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Goens, Cristina, additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo H., additional, Green, Michael D., additional, D. Harries, Anthony, additional, Howlett, William P., additional, Ignatius, Ralf, additional, Inthalad, Saythong, additional, Ishida, Kentaro, additional, Jacquerioz, Frederique, additional, Jeffs, Benjamin, additional, Jochum, Johannes, additional, Jones, Nick, additional, Jordan, Sabine, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Katchanov, Juri, additional, Keoluangkhot, Valy, additional, Kluxen, Guido, additional, Kong, Yoon, additional, Kuenzli, Esther, additional, Lambert, Saba M., additional, Latthaphasavang, Vatthanaphone, additional, Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro, additional, Legua, Pedro, additional, Libman, Michael, additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth M., additional, Mabey, David C.W., additional, Mackroth, Maria S., additional, Maguiña, Ciro, additional, Mani, Reeta S., additional, Marks, Michael, additional, Martínez, Dalila, additional, Maruyama, Haruhiko, additional, Mathuram, Alice, additional, Matsui, Kohsuke, additional, Mayxay, Mayfong, additional, McCarthy, James, additional, Mitià, Oriol, additional, Miller, Robert F., additional, Molina, Israel, additional, Morguet, Andreas J., additional, Nakase, Hiroyuki, additional, Nawa, Yukifumi, additional, Neumayr, Andreas, additional, Newton, Paul N., additional, Nguyen, Thi Thuy Ngan, additional, Fhogartaigh, Caoimhe Nic, additional, Nishimura, Fumihiko, additional, Norindr, Buachan, additional, Ouji, Yukiteru, additional, Pollach, Gregor, additional, Postels, Douglas G., additional, Premaratna, Ranjan, additional, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, additional, Ritmeijer, Koert, additional, Rono, Hillary K., additional, Roodnat, Karen, additional, Rothe, Camilla, additional, Rupali, Priscilla, additional, Sa-ngaimwibool, Prakasit, additional, Schneider, Thomas, additional, Schwering, Markus Schulze, additional, Seas, Carlos, additional, Sey, Fredericka, additional, Siddiqi, Omar, additional, Siebert, Eberhard, additional, Sisouphonh, Siho, additional, Slesak, Günther, additional, Smith, Chris, additional, Sothmann, Peter, additional, Soukaloun, Douangdao, additional, Srour, M. Leila, additional, Staehelin, Cornelia, additional, Stocker, Hartmut, additional, Stojkovic, Marija, additional, Takahashi, Kensuke, additional, Takamatsu, Hiroko, additional, Tannich, E., additional, Tomita, Masaki, additional, van Oosterhout, Joep J., additional, Verdonck, Kristien, additional, Vogel, Moritz, additional, Walker, Stephen L., additional, Wall, Emma C., additional, Weitzel, Thomas, additional, Whitty, Christopher J.M., additional, Woldeamanuel, Yohannes W., additional, Wright, Mary E., additional, Yacoub, Sophie, additional, and Yoshikawa, Masahide, additional

Published
2022
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37. Approach to Fungal Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals Pneumocystis and Beyond

Author

Wang, Richard J, Miller, Robert F, and Huang, Laurence

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Infection, HIV Infections, Humans, Mycoses, Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Human immunodeficiency virus, Opportunistic infection, Pneumonia, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Many fungi cause pulmonary disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pathogens include Pneumocystis jirovecii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus spp, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Talaromyces marneffei, and Emmonsia spp. Because symptoms are frequently nonspecific, a high index of suspicion for fungal infection is required for diagnosis. Clinical manifestations of fungal infection in HIV-infected patients frequently depend on the degree of immunosuppression and the CD4+ helper T cell count. Establishing definitive diagnosis is important because treatments differ. Primary and secondary prophylaxes depend on CD4+ helper T cell counts, geographic location, and local prevalence of disease.

Published
2017

38. High Prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii Dihydropteroate Synthase Gene Mutations in Patients with a First Episode of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Santiago, Chile, and Clinical Response to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Therapy

Author

Ponce, Carolina A, Chabé, Magali, George, Claudio, Cárdenas, Alejandra, Durán, Luisa, Guerrero, Julia, Bustamante, Rebeca, Matos, Olga, Huang, Laurence, Miller, Robert F, and Vargas, Sergio L

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Pneumonia, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Pneumonia & Influenza, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Infection, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Caspofungin, Chile, Dapsone, Dihydropteroate Synthase, Echinocandins, Female, Humans, Lipopeptides, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Pneumocystis carinii, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Treatment Outcome, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, DHPS, Pneumocystis jirovecii, sulfa resistance, sulfa drugs, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, dihydropteroate synthase, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical microbiology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract

Mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene of Pneumocystis jirovecii are associated with the failure of sulfa prophylaxis. They can develop by selection in patients receiving sulfa drugs or be acquired via person-to-person transmission. DHPS mutations raise concern about the decreasing efficacy of sulfa drugs, the main available therapeutic tool for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). The prevalence of Pneumocystis DHPS mutations was examined in Pneumocystis isolates from 56 sulfa-prophylaxis-naive adults with a first episode of PCP from 2002 to 2010 in Santiago, Chile. Their clinical history was reviewed to analyze the effect of these mutations on response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) therapy and outcome. Mutant genotypes occurred in 22 (48%) of 46 HIV-infected patients and in 5 (50%) of 10 HIV-uninfected patients. Compared to patients with a wild-type genotype, those with mutant genotypes were more likely to experience sulfa treatment-limiting adverse reactions and to have a twice-longer duration of mechanical ventilation if mechanically ventilated. Specific genotypes did not associate with death, which occurred in none of the HIV-infected patients and in 50% of the non-HIV-infected patients. Chile has a high prevalence of DHPS mutations, which were presumably acquired through interhuman transmission because patients were not on sulfa prophylaxis. These results contrast with the low prevalence observed in other Latin American countries with similar usage of sulfa drugs, suggesting that additional sources of resistant genotypes may be possible. The twice-longer duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with mutant DHPS genotypes suggests a decreased efficacy of TMP-SMX and warrants collaborative studies to assess the relevance of DHPS mutations and further research to increase therapeutic options for PCP.

Published
2017

39. Effects of clinical and environmental factors on bronchoalveolar antibody responses to Pneumocystis jirovecii: A prospective cohort study of HIV+ patients

Author

Blount, Robert J, Daly, Kieran R, Fong, Serena, Chang, Emily, Grieco, Katherine, Greene, Meredith, Stone, Stephen, Balmes, John, Miller, Robert F, Walzer, Peter D, and Huang, Laurence

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, HIV/AIDS, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia & Influenza, Lung, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Adult, Air Pollutants, Antibody Formation, Bronchi, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Environment, Environmental Exposure, Female, Fungal Proteins, HIV Infections, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Pneumocystis carinii, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Alveoli, Treatment Outcome, General Science & Technology
Abstract

BackgroundHumoral immunity plays an important role against Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, yet clinical and environmental factors that impact bronchoalveolar antibody responses to P. jirovecii remain uncertain.MethodsFrom October 2008-December 2011 we enrolled consecutive HIV-infected adults admitted to San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We used local air quality monitoring data to assign ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter exposures within 14 days prior to hospital admission. We quantified serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) antibody responses to P. jirovecii major surface glycoprotein (Msg) recombinant constructs using ELISA. We then fit linear regression models to determine whether PCP and ambient air pollutants were associated with bronchoalveolar antibody responses to Msg.ResultsOf 81 HIV-infected patients enrolled, 47 (58%) were diagnosed with current PCP and 9 (11%) had a prior history of PCP. The median CD4+ count was 51 cells/μl (IQR 15-129) and 44% were current smokers. Serum antibody responses to Msg were statistically significantly predictive of BALF antibody responses, with the exception of IgG responses to MsgC8 and MsgC9. Prior PCP was associated with increased BALF IgA responses to Msg and current PCP was associated with decreased IgA responses. For instance, among patients without current PCP, those with prior PCP had a median 73.2 U (IQR 19.2-169) IgA response to MsgC1 compared to a 5.00 U (3.52-12.6) response among those without prior PCP. Additionally, current PCP predicted a 22.5 U (95%CI -39.2, -5.82) lower IgA response to MsgC1. Ambient ozone within the two weeks prior to hospital admission was associated with decreased BALF IgA responses to Msg while nitrogen dioxide was associated with increased IgA responses.ConclusionsPCP and ambient air pollutants were associated with BALF IgA responses to P. jirovecii in HIV-infected patients evaluated for suspected PCP.

Published
2017

40. Bedaquiline as Treatment for Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in 2 Patients Co-Infected with HIV

Author

Gil, Eliza, Sweeney, Nicola, Barrett, Veronica, Morris-Jones, Stephen, Miller, Robert F., Johnston, Victoria J., and Brown, Michael

Subjects
Mycobacterial infections -- Case studies -- Drug therapy, HIV patients -- Case studies, Health
Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause a broad spectrum of disease, most commonly pulmonary infection, but also cause disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients, posing a major risk for illness and death (1). [...]

Published
2021
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45. Echoes of perestroika

Author

Miller, Robert F.

Subjects
SOVIET UNION - Foreign Policy, DOCTRINE - Armed Forces - Soviet Union, SOVIET UNION - Foreign Relations
Abstract

bibliog

Published
1989

48. Nebulised pentamidine prophylaxis of pneumocystispneumonia in adults accessing HIV services at royal free hospital, London

Author

Bergstrom, Malin, Rahim, Anika, Akodu, Jane, Marshall, Gavin, Harrison, Cora, Penrose, Louisa, Lipman, Marc CI, and Miller, Robert F

Abstract

Receipt of nebulised pentamidine in people with HIV was audited to identify if individuals were appropriately receiving nebulised pentamidine, and whether national guidelines were being followed when prophylaxis was commenced and discontinued. Of 76 people with who received nebulised pentamidine, the main indication for starting nebulised pentamidine was a co-trimoxazole adverse drug reaction. Co-trimoxazole desensitization was not attempted before starting nebulised pentamidine. The main indication for stopping nebulised pentamidine prophylaxis was when immune reconstitution occurred. This single centre audit revealed that national guidelines were being followed in most cases. The lack of information regarding the reason for starting or stopping nebulised pentamidine prophylaxis, or detail of the clinician’s concerns about potential poor adherence with oral regimens of prophylaxis as a reason for choosing nebulised pentamidine prophylaxis, identifies a need for improved documentation of clinicians’ decision-making. Introduction of pharmacist-led interventions/alerts using patients’ electronic records, similar to those used in primary care, would enable the specialist pharmacy team to identify when and if co-trimoxazole desensitization has been offered and discussed/declined before a clinician prescribes nebulised pentamidine as well as enabling identification of those in who pentamidine prophylaxis has been continued, despite “immune reconstitution”.

Published
2024
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49. Clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19 in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK.

Author

Ottaway, Zoe, Campbell, Lucy, Cechin, Laura R., Patel, Nisha, Fox, Julie, Burns, Fiona, Hamzah, Lisa, Kegg, Stephen, Rosenvinge, Melanie, Schoeman, Sarah, Price, David, Jones, Rachael, Clarke, Amanda, Maan, Irfaan, Ustianowski, Andrew, Onyango, Denis, Tariq, Shema, Miller, Robert F., Post, Frank A., and Campbell, Marion

Subjects
RESEARCH funding, HIV-positive persons, HOSPITAL care, BLACK people, LONGITUDINAL method, CONFIDENCE intervals, COVID-19, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19 in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK. Methods: We investigated the incidence and factors associated with COVID‐19 in a previously established and well‐characterized cohort of black people with HIV. Primary outcomes were COVID‐19 acquisition and severe COVID‐19 disease (requiring hospitalization and/or resulting in death). Cumulative incidence was analysed using Nelson–Aalen methods, and associations between demographic, pre‐pandemic immune‐virological parameters, comorbidity status and (severe) COVID‐19 were identified using Cox regression analysis. Results: COVID‐19 status was available for 1847 (74%) of 2495 COVID‐AFRICA participants (median age 49.6 years; 56% female; median CD4 cell count = 555 cells/μL; 93% HIV RNA <200 copies/mL), 573 (31%) of whom reported at least one episode of COVID‐19. The cumulative incidence rates of COVID‐19 and severe COVID‐19 were 31.0% and 3.4%, respectively. Region of ancestry (East/Southern/Central vs. West Africa), nadir CD4 count and kidney disease were associated with COVID‐19 acquisition. Diabetes mellitus [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–4.53] and kidney disease (aHR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.26–4.53) were associated with an increased risk, and recent CD4 count >500 cells/μL (aHR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.93) with a lower risk of severe COVID‐19. Conclusions: Region of ancestry was associated with COVID‐19 acquisition, and immune and comorbidity statuses were associated with COVID‐19 disease severity in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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