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348 results on '"Miller, Brian G."'

2. Short Total Synthesis of [15N5]‑Cylindrospermopsins from 15NH4Cl Enables Precise Quantification of Freshwater Cyanobacterial Contamination

Author

Mailyan, Artur K, Chen, Joanna L, Li, Weiwei, Keller, Arturo A, Sternisha, Shawn M, Miller, Brian G, and Zakarian, Armen

Subjects
Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Alkaloids, Ammonium Chloride, Bacterial Toxins, Cyanobacteria, Cyanobacteria Toxins, Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water, Molecular Structure, Nitrogen Isotopes, Uracil, Water Pollutants, Chemical, General Chemistry, Chemical sciences, Engineering
Abstract

Fresh water cyanobacterial algal blooms represent a major health risk because these organisms produce cylindrospermopsin, a toxic, structurally complex, zwitterionic uracil-guanidine alkaloid recognized by the EPA as a dangerous drinking water contaminant. At present, the ability to detect and quantify the presence of cylindrospermospin in water samples is severely hampered by the lack of an isotopically labeled standard for analytical mass spectrometry. Herein, we present a concise, scaled total synthesis of 15N cylindrospermosin from 15N ammonium chloride, which leverages a unique stereoselective intramolecular double conjugate addition step to assemble the tricyclic guanidine core. In addition to providing the first pure isotopically labeled probe for precise quantification of this potent biotoxin in fresh water sources, our results demonstrate how unique constraints associated with isotope incorporation compel novel solutions to synthesis design.

Published
2018

4. Effects of Entertainment-Education versus eLearning on Pharmaceutical Sales Ethical Decision-Making

Author

Miller, Brian G.

Abstract

Ethics and compliance training of sales managers in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry showed little evidence that eLearning interventions developed to address employees' (a) awareness of unethical sales practices, (b) ability to judge a selling practice as unethical, and (c) intentions to speak up about unethical sales practices have had the desired effects. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an entertainment-education video to an eLearning course, to improve ethical issue awareness, ethical judgment, and speaking-up behaviors in the pharmaceutical sales profession. Social cognitive theory and the extended elaboration likelihood model provided a theoretical framework for studying the effects of entertainment-education. The primary research question was, if entertainment-education programs can be used as an effective methodology to improve ethical decision-making and increase intentions to speak up, compared to a narrative-style eLearning course. In this quantitative study, 64 sales professionals from a U.S.-based pharmaceutical company were randomly assigned to either an entertainment-education video or an eLearning group to compare the effects of intervention format on ethical issue awareness, ethical judgment, and intentions to speak up, measured using two ethical scenarios and surveys. Although both treatments had a significant effect on behavioral intentions to speak up, there was only a moderate difference between the two groups t(62) = 2.20, p = 0.032 when participants observed a patient safety issue. Results from this study may impact social change by providing compliance managers with evidence to evaluate the use of entertainment-education strategies to increase sales representatives' intentions to speak-up when they observe behaviors that may put patient safety at risk. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2018

17. Health effects of fine particulate matter in life cycle impact assessment: findings from the Basel Guidance Workshop

Author

Fantke, Peter, Jolliet, Olivier, Evans, John S., Apte, Joshua S., Cohen, Aaron J., Hänninen, Otto O., Hurley, Fintan, Jantunen, Matti J., Jerrett, Michael, Levy, Jonathan I., Loh, Miranda M., Marshall, Julian D., Miller, Brian G., Preiss, Philipp, Spadaro, Joseph V., Tainio, Marko, Tuomisto, Jouni T., Weschler, Charles J., and McKone, Thomas E.

Published
2015
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27. Correspondence

Author

Banks, Daniel E., Wang, Mei-Lin, Lapp, N. Leroy, Miller, Brian G., and Soutar, Colin A.

Published
1998

33. Reconstitution of a defunct glycolytic pathway via recruitment of ambiguous sugar kinases

Author

Miller, Brian G. and Raines, Ronald T.

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Enzymes -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Three distinct ambiguous sugar kinases embedded within the modern Escherichia coligenome that were found during an investigation of the persistence of substrate ambiguity in contemporary enzymes are discussed. The findings show that ambiguous enzymatic activities continue to play an important role in the evolution of new metabolic pathways.

Published
2005

34. Catalytic proficiency: the unusual case of OMP decarboxylase

Author

Miller, Brian G. and Wolfenden, Richard

Subjects
Biochemistry -- Research, Catalysis -- Physiological aspects, Decarboxylases -- Physiological aspects, Enzymes -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on the enzyme catalytic proficiency. The topics of interest include enzymatic decaroxylation strategies, the enzymatic decarboxylation mechanisms of orotidine 5'-phosphate and the enzyme-substrate binding affinity in transition and ground states.

Published
2002

35. Role of enzyme-ribofuranosyl contacts in the ground state and transition state for orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase: a role for substrate destabilization

Author

Miller, Brian G., Butterfoss, Glenn L., Short, Steven A., and Wolfenden, Richard

Subjects
Enzymes -- Structure-activity relationship, Amino acids -- Structure-activity relationships, Catalysis -- Analysis, Enzyme kinetics -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Analysis of the mutant orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase in which alanine is substituted for either aspartate-37 or threonine-100 indicate that electrostatic destabilization of the ground state enzyme-substrate complex is not involved in the catalytic reactions. Enzyme contacts with orotidine 5'-phosphate phosphoribofuranosyl moiety contributes binding energy for stabilizing enzyme transition state.

Published
2001

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