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Globalization exerts its influence on every nation and impacts all members of society, whether through direct or indirect means. Now more than ever, U.S. social workers must implement cultural competence, cultural humility, cultural awareness, and other similar constructs while working with culturally diverse individuals, families, and communities to ensure effective and culturally responsive practice. The Council on Social Work Education directs social work programs to teach students these invaluable constructs. However, it remains unclear which construct is most effective and how it is regularly measured, how these constructs are taught, and once they are taught, if knowledge is gained and applied directly in the field. This scoping review analyzed literature from 2012–2022 to determine how U.S.-based social work students are equipped to work with culturally diverse individuals. Findings indicate that diverse constructs exist but often lack a clear definition and similar constructs are measured inconsistently, with many studies utilizing unvalidated measures. The literature also points to a myriad of interventions aimed at helping social work students glean the necessary knowledge and skills to work within cultural diversity, including mostly U.S.-based learning opportunities, international opportunities, and a combination of the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has long emphasized the adverse effects of poverty on children; however, within‐family processes of how safety nets offset the effects of poverty differ by race and ethnicity are unclear. Guided by the context‐sensitive family stress model, the current study investigated within‐family processes among safety nets, maternal parenting stress, and child behavioral problems among low‐income families and revealed differences in these processes among Hispanic, Black, and White mothers. Using The Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), participants included 2251 low‐income mothers and their children, repeatedly surveyed when children were 1, 3, 5, and 9 years old. Mothers reported their public and private safety nets, their parenting stress levels, and children's behavioral problems at each time point. Multilevel models revealed within‐family mediation pathways from mothers' perceived private safety net supports, maternal parenting stress, and child externalizing and internalizing problems, but only for Black, not for White or Hispanic mothers. Prospective within‐family associations were found between receiving a high number of public safety net programs and higher child externalizing problems, as well as between receiving private safety nets and higher maternal parenting stress and higher child behavioral problems. Findings were discussed in light of the context‐sensitive family stress model, with implications for theory and intervention practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]