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2. Compact neutron sources for Nuclear Physics: from accelerator-based to laser-driven neutron beams

Author

Fernández Martínez, Begoña, Guetrrero Sánchez, Carlos, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Fernández Martínez, Begoña, Guetrrero Sánchez, Carlos, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles

Abstract

Pulsed neutron beams are a valuable tool in nuclear physics with applications in a wide variety of fields, including fission and fusion, astrophysics, homeland security, medicine, cultural heritage, avionics, and other industrial or research applications. Despite the potential use of neutron beams, the transfer of knowledge outside large research centers is limited by the huge size and complexity of conventional high-intensity neutron sources and the progressive shutdown of research reactors. Recently, the neutron beams user community is focusing its attention on developing small-scale and compact neutron sources as a complement to major facilities to fully exploit all the possibilities of these techniques. In this context, laser-driven ion sources are garnering the interest of the nuclear physics community due to the fast development of ultra-short (~fs) and ultra-high power (> 1019 W/cm2) lasers and their applications as compact particle accelerators. Laser-driven neutron sources (LDNS) are particularly attractive for nuclear physics applications based on the time-of-flight technique thanks to their short pulse length and high instantaneous flux. There are several recent works about neutron production by laser reaching fluxes per pulse competitive to those of conventional neutron sources, but there is a lack of studies in terms of their application to nuclear physics experiments. Laser-driven neutron applications will have to rely on detection systems that are commonly used in nuclear physics experiments with conventional neutron sources, and whose behavior needs first to be characterized in the environment resulting from the laser-plasma interaction and the particularities of a laser-driven source. In this context, there has been a lot of effort aimed at mitigating the impact of the harsh prompt radiation and the electromagnetic background in sensitive neutron diagnostics, mostly based on single-shot PW-class and TW-class lasers at high repetition rates. However, Los haces de neutrones pulsados son una valiosa herramienta en física nuclear con aplicaciones en una gran variedad de campos de investigación: fisión y fusión nuclear, astrofísica, seguridad nacional, medicina, patrimonio cultural y arqueometría, industria aeroespacial y otras aplicaciones tanto en industria como en investigación. Sin embargo, y a pesar de la gran utilidad práctica que tienen estos haces, su uso se encuentra prácticamente restringido a los grandes centros de investigación. Esta limitación en la transferencia de conocimiento es debida en gran parte al enorme tamaño, la complejidad y los altos costes de construcción, mantenimiento y operación de las fuentes de alta intensidad de neutrones basadas en aceleradores y al cierre progresivo de los reactores de investigación. Actualmente, y ante esta situación, la comunidad de usuarios de haces de neutrones está centrando su atención en el desarrollo de fuentes de neutrones alternativas, compactas y de pequeño tamaño, que puedan servir como complemento a estas grandes instalaciones y permitan explotar plenamente todas las posibilidades que ofrecen los haces de neutrones. A la vez, en estas últimas décadas, ha habido un gran desarrollo en torno a los láseres de alta potencia (> 1019 W/cm2) y pulso ultracorto (~fs). Estos láseres, entre otras muchas aplicaciones, pueden ser utilizados como aceleradores de partículas compactos de muy alta intensidad que, a su vez, pueden utilizarse para producir neutrones de forma análoga a un acelerador convencional. Estas fuentes de neutrones láser (LDNS, del inglés, Laser-Driven Neutron Sources) resultan especialmente atractivas para aplicaciones de física nuclear basadas en la técnica de "tiempo de vuelo" ya que proporcionan pulsos ultracortos y un elevado flujo instantáneo. En la literatura científica puede encontrarse una gran variedad de trabajos recientes sobre la producción de neutrones por láser alcanzando flujos por pulso competitivos con los de las fuentes de neutr

Published
2023

3. Neutron capture on the s-process branching point Tm 171 via time-of-flight and activation

Author

Guerrero, C., Lerendegui-Marco, J., Domingo Pardo, César, Quesada, José Manuel, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Rodriguez Gonzalez, M. T., Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta, and Taín, José Luis

Abstract

n_TOF Collaboration: et al., The neutron capture cross sections of several unstable nuclides acting as branching points in the s process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies. The unstable Tm171 (t1/2=1.92 yr) is part of the branching around mass A∼170 but its neutron capture cross section as a function of the neutron energy is not known to date. In this work, following the production for the first time of more than 5 mg of Tm171 at the high-flux reactor Institut Laue-Langevin in France, a sample was produced at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Two complementary experiments were carried out at the neutron time-of-flight facility (n_TOF) at CERN in Switzerland and at the SARAF liquid lithium target facility at Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Israel by time of flight and activation, respectively. The result of the time-of-flight experiment consists of the first ever set of resonance parameters and the corresponding average resonance parameters, allowing us to make an estimation of the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) by extrapolation. The activation measurement provides a direct and more precise measurement of the MACS at 30 keV: 384(40) mb, with which the estimation from the n_TOF data agree at the limit of 1 standard deviation. This value is 2.6 times lower than the JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII evaluations, 25% lower than that of the Bao et al. compilation, and 1.6 times larger than the value recommended in the KADoNiS (v1) database, based on the only previous experiment. Our result affects the nucleosynthesis at the A∼170 branching, namely, the Yb171 abundance increases in the material lost by asymptotic giant branch stars, providing a better match to the available pre-solar SiC grain measurements compared to the calculations based on the current JEFF-3.3 model-based evaluation., University of Seville via the V PPIT-US programme, the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FPA2013-45083-P, FPA2014-53290-C2-2-P and FPA2016-77689-C2-1-R projects, the EC FP7 projects NeutAndalus (Grant No. 334315) and CHANDA (Grant No. 605203), and the n TOF Collaboration. The SARAFLiLiT experiment was supported by the Pazy Foundation (Israel). M. P. acknowledges support of the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 1387/15). The University of Edinburgh acknowledges funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council UK (ST/M006085/1), and the European Research Council ERC-2015-STG No. 677497.

Published
2020

4. Neutron Capture on the s-Process Branching Point Tm 171 via Time-of-Flight and Activation

Author

Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Paul, Michael C., Tessler, Moshe, Heinitz, Stephan, Domingo Pardo, César, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Praena Rodríguez, Javier, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, Žugec, P., and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear

Abstract

The neutron capture cross sections of several unstable nuclides acting as branching points in the s process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies. The unstable Tm171 (t1/2=1.92 yr) is part of the branching around mass A∼170 but its neutron capture cross section as a function of the neutron energy is not known to date. In this work, following the production for the first time of more than 5 mg of Tm171 at the high-flux reactor Institut Laue-Langevin in France, a sample was produced at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Two complementary experiments were carried out at the neutron time-of-flight facility (n_TOF) at CERN in Switzerland and at the SARAF liquid lithium target facility at Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Israel by time of flight and activation, respectively. The result of the time-of-flight experiment consists of the first ever set of resonance parameters and the corresponding average resonance parameters, allowing us to make an estimation of the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) by extrapolation. The activation measurement provides a direct and more precise measurement of the MACS at 30 keV: 384(40) mb, with which the estimation from the n_TOF data agree at the limit of 1 standard deviation. This value is 2.6 times lower than the JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII evaluations, 25% lower than that of the Bao et al. compilation, and 1.6 times larger than the value recommended in the KADoNiS (v1) database, based on the only previous experiment. Our result affects the nucleosynthesis at the A∼170 branching, namely, the Yb171 abundance increases in the material lost by asymptotic giant branch stars, providing a better match to the available pre-solar SiC grain measurements compared to the calculations based on the current JEFF-3.3 model-based evaluation. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FPA2013-45083-P, FPA2014-53290-C2-2-P, FPA2016-77689-C2-1-R European Community 334315, 605203 Israel Science Foundation 1387/15 Science and Technology Facilities Council UK ST/M006085/1 European Research Council ERC-2015-STG-677497

Published
2020

5. Neutron capture measurement at the n TOF facility of the 204Tl and 205Tl s-process branching points

Author

Casanovas, A., Tarifeo Saldivia, A. E., Domingo Pardo, C., Calvio, F., Maugeri, E., Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Moreno Soto, Javier, Ramos Doval, D., and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear

Abstract

Neutron capture cross sections are one of the fundamental nuclear data in the study of the s (slow) process of nucleosynthesis. More interestingly, the competition between the capture and the decay rates in some unstable nuclei determines the local isotopic abundance pattern. Since decay rates are often sensible to temperature and electron density, the study of the nuclear properties of these nuclei can provide valuable constraints to the physical magnitudes of the nucleosynthesis stellar environment. Here we report on the capture cross section measurement of two thallium isotopes, 204Tl and 205Tl performed by the time-of-flight technique at the n TOF facility at CERN. At some particular stellar s-process environments, the decay of both nuclei is strongly enhanced, and determines decisively the abundance of two s-only isotopes of lead, 204Pb and 205Pb. The latter, as a long-lived radioactive nucleus, has potential use as a chronometer of the last s-process events that contributed to final solar isotopic abundances.

Published
2020

6. Review and new concepts for neutron-capture measurements of astrophysical interest

Author

Domingo Pardo, C., Babiano Suárez, V., Balibrea Correa, J., Caballero, L., Ladarescu, I., Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Moreno Soto, Javier, Žugec, P., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Consejo Europeo de Investigación (ERC). U.E., Fondo Europeo Programa de investigación e innovación Horizonte 2020. U.E., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Abstract

The idea of slow-neutron capture nucleosynthesis formulated in 1957 triggered a tremendous experimental effort in different laboratories worldwide to measure the relevant nuclear physics input quantities, namely (n, γ) cross sections over the stellar temperature range (from few eV up to several hundred keV) for most of the isotopes involved from Fe up to Bi. A brief historical review focused on total energy detectors will be presented to illustrate how advances in instrumentation have led to the assessment of new aspects of s-process nucleosynthesis and to the progressive refinement of stellar models. A summary will be presented on current efforts to develop new detection concepts, such as the Total-Energy Detector with γ-ray imaging capability (i-TED). The latter is based on the simultaneous combination of Compton imaging with neutron time-of-flight (TOF) techniques, in order to achieve a superior level of sensitivity and selectivity in the measurement of stellar neutron capture rates. Consejo Europeo de Investigación (ERC). Fondo Europeo Programa de investigación e innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea nº 681740 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España-FPA2014-52823-C2-1-P y FPA2017-83946-C2-1-P Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-PIE-201750I26

Published
2020

7. Measurement of the energy-differential cross-section of the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11B reactions at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Barbagallo, M., Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Jozeph, Audouin, Laurent, Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, Žugec, P., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Barbagallo, M., Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Jozeph, Audouin, Laurent, Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, and Žugec, P.

Abstract

Although the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11B reactions are of interest in several fields of basic and applied Nuclear Physics the present knowledge of these two cross-sections is far from being accurate and reliable, with both evaluations and data showing sizable discrepancies. As part of the challenging n_TOF program on (n,cp) nuclear reactions study, the energy differential cross-sections of the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11 B reactions have been measured at CERN from the reaction thresholds up to 30 MeV neutron energy. Both measurements have been recently performed at the long flight-path (185 m) experimental area of the n_TOF facility at CERN using a pure (99.95%) rigid graphite target and two silicon telescopes. In this paper an overview of the experiment is presented together with a few preliminary results.

Published
2020

8. Laser-driven neutrons for time-of-flight experiments?

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Gómez Camacho, Joaquín José, Fernández, B., Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, Domingo-Pardo, C., Tarifeño-Saldivia, A., Benlliure, J., Cortina, D., Martín, L., Peñas, J., Cano-Ott, D., Martínez, T., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Gómez Camacho, Joaquín José, Fernández, B., Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, Domingo-Pardo, C., Tarifeño-Saldivia, A., Benlliure, J., Cortina, D., Martín, L., Peñas, J., Cano-Ott, D., and Martínez, T.

Abstract

Neutron beams, both pulsed and continuous, are a powerful tool in a wide variety of research fields and applications. Nowadays, pulsed neutron beams are produced in conventional accelerator facilities in which the time-of-fight technique is used to determine the kinetic energy of the neutrons inducing the reactions of interest. In the last decades, the development of ultra-short (femtosecond) and ultra-high power (> 1018 W/cm2) lasers has opened the door to a vast number of new applications, including the production and acceleration of pulsed ion beams. These have been recently used to produce pulsed neutron beams, reaching fluxes per pulse similar and even higher than those of conventional neutron beams, hence becoming an alternative for the pulsed neutron beam users community. Nevertheless, these laser-driven neutrons have not been exploited in nuclear physics experiments so far. Our main goal is to produce and characterize laser-driven neutrons but optimizing the analysis, diagnostic and detection techniques currently used in conventional neutron sources to implement them in this new environment. As a result, we would lay down the viability of carrying out nuclear physics experiments using this kind of sources by identifying the advantages and limitations of this production method. To achieve this purpose, we plan to perform experiments in both medium (50TW@L2A2, in Santiago de Com-postela) and high (1PW@APOLLON, in Paris) power laser facilities.

Published
2020

9. 80Se(n,?) cross-section measurement at CERN n TOF

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, European Research Council (ERC) 681740, Babiano Suárez, V., Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Jozeph, Audouin, Laurent, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, Žugec, Petar Č., Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, European Research Council (ERC) 681740, Babiano Suárez, V., Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Jozeph, Audouin, Laurent, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, Žugec, Petar Č., and Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos

Abstract

Radiative neutron capture cross section measurements are of fundamental importance for the study of the slow neutron capture (s-) process of nucleosynthesis. This mechanism is responsible for the formation of most elements heavier than iron in the Universe. Particularly relevant are branching nuclei along the s-process path, which are sensitive to the physical conditions of the stellar environment. One such example is the branching at 79Se (3.27 × 105 y), which shows a thermally dependent ß-decay rate. However, an astrophysically consistent interpretation requires also the knowledge of the closest neighbour isotopes involved. In particular, the 80Se(n,?) cross section directly affects the stellar yield of the "cold"branch leading to the formation of the s-only 82Kr. Experimentally, there exists only one previous measurement on 80Se using the time of flight (TOF) technique. However, the latter suffers from some limitations that are described in this presentation. These drawbacks have been significantly improved in a recent measurement at CERN n TOF. This contribution presents a summary of the latter measurement and the status of the data analysis.

Published
2020

10. Setup for the measurement of the 235U(n, f) cross section relative to n-p scattering up to 1 GeV

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Manna, A., Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, J., Audouin, Laurent, Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, Žugec, P., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Manna, A., Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, J., Audouin, Laurent, Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, and Žugec, P.

Abstract

The neutron induced fission of 235U is extensively used as a reference for neutron fluence measurements in various applications, ranging from the investigation of the biological effectiveness of high energy neutrons, to the measurement of high energy neutron cross sections of relevance for accelerator driven nuclear systems. Despite its widespread use, no data exist on neutron induced fission of 235U above 200 MeV. The neutron facility n_TOF offers the possibility to improve the situation. The measurement of 235U(n,f) relative to the differential n-p scattering cross-section, was carried out in September 2018 with the aim of providing accurate and precise cross section data in the energy range from 10 MeV up to 1 GeV. In such measurements, Recoil Proton Telescopes (RPTs) are used to measure the neutron flux while the fission events are detected and counted with dedicated detectors. In this paper the measurement campaign and the experimental set-up are illustrated.

Published
2020

11. Neutron Capture on the s-Process Branching Point Tm 171 via Time-of-Flight and Activation

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Paul, Michael, Tessler, Moshe, Heinitz, Stephan, Domingo Pardo, César, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Praena Rodríguez, Javier, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, Žugec, Petar Č., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Paul, Michael, Tessler, Moshe, Heinitz, Stephan, Domingo Pardo, César, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Praena Rodríguez, Javier, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, and Žugec, Petar Č.

Abstract

The neutron capture cross sections of several unstable nuclides acting as branching points in the s process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies. The unstable Tm171 (t1/2=1.92 yr) is part of the branching around mass A∼170 but its neutron capture cross section as a function of the neutron energy is not known to date. In this work, following the production for the first time of more than 5 mg of Tm171 at the high-flux reactor Institut Laue-Langevin in France, a sample was produced at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Two complementary experiments were carried out at the neutron time-of-flight facility (n_TOF) at CERN in Switzerland and at the SARAF liquid lithium target facility at Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Israel by time of flight and activation, respectively. The result of the time-of-flight experiment consists of the first ever set of resonance parameters and the corresponding average resonance parameters, allowing us to make an estimation of the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) by extrapolation. The activation measurement provides a direct and more precise measurement of the MACS at 30 keV: 384(40) mb, with which the estimation from the n_TOF data agree at the limit of 1 standard deviation. This value is 2.6 times lower than the JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII evaluations, 25% lower than that of the Bao et al. compilation, and 1.6 times larger than the value recommended in the KADoNiS (v1) database, based on the only previous experiment. Our result affects the nucleosynthesis at the A∼170 branching, namely, the Yb171 abundance increases in the material lost by asymptotic giant branch stars, providing a better match to the available pre-solar SiC grain measurements compared to the calculations based on the current JEFF-3.3 model-based evaluation.

Published
2020

12. Status and perspectives of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Chiaveri, Enrico, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Jozeph, Audouin, Laurent, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, Žugec, P., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Chiaveri, Enrico, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, V., Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Jozeph, Audouin, Laurent, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, and Žugec, P.

Abstract

Since the start of its operation in 2001, based on an idea of Prof. Carlo Rubbia [1], the neutron time of-flight facility of CERN, n_TOF, has become one of the most forefront neutron facilities in the world for wide-energy spectrum neutron cross section measurements. Thanks to the combination of excellent neutron energy resolution and high instantaneous neutron flux available in the two experimental areas, the second of which has been constructed in 2014, n_TOF is providing a wealth of new data on neutron-induced reactions of interest for nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear technologies and medical applications. The unique features of the facility will continue to be exploited in the future, to perform challenging new measurements addressing the still open issues and long-standing quests in the field of neutron physics. In this document the main characteristics of the n_TOF facility and their relevance for neutron studies in the different areas of research will be outlined, addressing the possible future contribution of n_TOF in the fields of nuclear astrophysics, nuclear technologies and medical applications. In addition, the future perspectives of the facility will be described including the upgrade of the spallation target, the setup of an imaging installation and the construction of a new irradiation area.

Published
2020

13. HiSPANoS facility and the new neutron beam line for TOF measurements at the Spanish National Accelerator Lab (CNA)

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Fernández Martínez, Begoña, Macías Martínez, Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Gómez Camacho, Joaquín José, Praena Rodríguez, Javier, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Fernández Martínez, Begoña, Macías Martínez, Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Rodríguez González, María Teresa, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Gómez Camacho, Joaquín José, and Praena Rodríguez, Javier

Abstract

HiSPANoS (HiSPAlis Neutron Source) is the first accelerator-based neutron facility in Spain, installed at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), where different experiments have been performed related to nuclear astrophysics, detector characterization, electronic devices irradiation, imaging, etc. An upgrade of the neutron facility has been carried out recently, installing a pulsing system at the 3 MV tandem accelerator at CNA. Such system, composed by a chopper and buncher unit, can provide nanosecond proton and deuteron pulsed beams. A new experimental line dedicated to neutron time-of-flight (n-TOF) technique has been installed at the tandem accelerator. Proton and deuterium pulse width of 1 ns have been measured with a repetition rate in the range of 62.5 kHz to 2 MHz. The commissioning of the n-TOF line has consisted of the measurement of the neutron field generated by 7Li(p,n) reaction with proton energy of 1912 keV.

Published
2020

14. Neutron capture measurement at the n TOF facility of the 204Tl and 205Tl s-process branching points

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Casanovas, A., Tarifeo Saldivia, A. E., Domingo Pardo, C., Calvio, F., Maugeri, E., Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Moreno Soto, Javier, Ramos Doval, D., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Casanovas, A., Tarifeo Saldivia, A. E., Domingo Pardo, C., Calvio, F., Maugeri, E., Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Moreno Soto, Javier, and Ramos Doval, D.

Abstract

Neutron capture cross sections are one of the fundamental nuclear data in the study of the s (slow) process of nucleosynthesis. More interestingly, the competition between the capture and the decay rates in some unstable nuclei determines the local isotopic abundance pattern. Since decay rates are often sensible to temperature and electron density, the study of the nuclear properties of these nuclei can provide valuable constraints to the physical magnitudes of the nucleosynthesis stellar environment. Here we report on the capture cross section measurement of two thallium isotopes, 204Tl and 205Tl performed by the time-of-flight technique at the n TOF facility at CERN. At some particular stellar s-process environments, the decay of both nuclei is strongly enhanced, and determines decisively the abundance of two s-only isotopes of lead, 204Pb and 205Pb. The latter, as a long-lived radioactive nucleus, has potential use as a chronometer of the last s-process events that contributed to final solar isotopic abundances.

Published
2020

15. Measurement of the energy-differential cross-section of the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11B reactions at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Author

International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (2019 : Peking), Barbagallo, Massimo, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Chiaveri, Enrico, Colonna, Nicola, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Diakaki, Maria, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Eleme, Zinovia, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jericha, Erwin, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Manna, Alice, Martı́nez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté- Gilarte, M., Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Sekhar, Adhitya, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel, Tassan-Got, Laurent, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., Žugec, Petar, International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (2019 : Peking), Barbagallo, Massimo, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Chiaveri, Enrico, Colonna, Nicola, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Diakaki, Maria, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Eleme, Zinovia, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jericha, Erwin, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Manna, Alice, Martı́nez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté- Gilarte, M., Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Sekhar, Adhitya, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel, Tassan-Got, Laurent, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., and Žugec, Petar

Abstract

Although the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11B reactions are of interest in several fields of basic and applied Nuclear Physics the present knowledge of these two cross-sections is far from being accurate and reliable, with both evaluations and data showing sizable discrepancies. As part of the challenging n_TOF program on (n,cp) nuclear reactions study, the energy differential cross-sections of the 12C(n,p)12B and 12C(n,d)11 B reactions have been measured at CERN from the reaction thresholds up to 30 MeV neutron energy. Both measurements have been recently performed at the long flight-path (185 m) experimental area of the n_TOF facility at CERN using a pure (99.95%) rigid graphite target and two silicon telescopes. In this paper an overview of the experiment is presented together with a few preliminary results.

Published
2020

16. Setup for the measurement of the 235U(n,f) cross section relative to n-p scattering up to 1 GeV

Author

International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (2019 : Peking), Manna, Alice, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Barbagallo, Massimo, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Chiaveri, Enrico, Colonna, Nicola, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Diakaki, Maria, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Eleme, Zinovia, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jericha, Erwin, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Martı́nez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Nolte, Ralf, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta, Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Sekhar, Adhitya, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeno-Saldivia, Ariel, Tassan-Got, Laurent, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., Žugec, Petar, International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (2019 : Peking), Manna, Alice, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Barbagallo, Massimo, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Chiaveri, Enrico, Colonna, Nicola, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Diakaki, Maria, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Eleme, Zinovia, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jericha, Erwin, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Martı́nez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Nolte, Ralf, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta, Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Sekhar, Adhitya, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeno-Saldivia, Ariel, Tassan-Got, Laurent, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., and Žugec, Petar

Abstract

The neutron induced fission of 235U is extensively used as a reference for neutron fluence measurements in various applications, ranging from the investigation of the biological effectiveness of high energy neutrons, to the measurement of high energy neutron cross sections of relevance for accelerator driven nuclear systems. Despite its widespread use, no data exist on neutron induced fission of 235U above 200 MeV. The neutron facility n_TOF offers the possibility to improve the situation. The measurement of 235U(n,f) relative to the differential n-p scattering cross-section, was carried out in September 2018 with the aim of providing accurate and precise cross section data in the energy range from 10 MeV up to 1 GeV. In such measurements, Recoil Proton Telescopes (RPTs) are used to measure the neutron flux while the fission events are detected and counted with dedicated detectors. In this paper the measurement campaign and the experimental set-up are illustrated.

Published
2020

17. Status and perspectives of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN

Author

International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (2019 : Peking), Chiaveri, Enrico, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Barbagallo, Massimo, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Colonna, Nicola, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Diakaki, Maria, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Eleme, Zinovia, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jericha, Erwin, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Manna, Alice, Martı́nez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta, Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Sekhar, Adhitya, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel, Tassan-Got, Laurent, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., Žugec, Petar, International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (2019 : Peking), Chiaveri, Enrico, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Barbagallo, Massimo, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Colonna, Nicola, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Diakaki, Maria, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Eleme, Zinovia, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jericha, Erwin, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Manna, Alice, Martı́nez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta, Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Sekhar, Adhitya, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel, Tassan-Got, Laurent, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., and Žugec, Petar

Abstract

Since the start of its operation in 2001, based on an idea of Prof. Carlo Rubbia [1], the neutron time of-flight facility of CERN, n_TOF, has become one of the most forefront neutron facilities in the world for wide-energy spectrum neutron cross section measurements. Thanks to the combination of excellent neutron energy resolution and high instantaneous neutron flux available in the two experimental areas, the second of which has been constructed in 2014, n_TOF is providing a wealth of new data on neutron-induced reactions of interest for nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear technologies and medical applications. The unique features of the facility will continue to be exploited in the future, to perform challenging new measurements addressing the still open issues and long-standing quests in the field of neutron physics. In this document the main characteristics of the n_TOF facility and their relevance for neutron studies in the different areas of research will be outlined, addressing the possible future contribution of n_TOF in the fields of nuclear astrophysics, nuclear technologies and medical applications. In addition, the future perspectives of the facility will be described including the upgrade of the spallation target, the setup of an imaging installation and the construction of a new irradiation area.

Published
2020

18. Fission program at n_TOF

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Tassan-Got, L., Colonna, N., Diakaki, M., Eleme, Z., Manna, A., Sekhar, A., Stamatopoulos, A., Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, Žugec, P., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Tassan-Got, L., Colonna, N., Diakaki, M., Eleme, Z., Manna, A., Sekhar, A., Stamatopoulos, A., Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Lerendegui Marco, Jorge, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Sabaté Gilarte, Marta, and Žugec, P.

Abstract

Since its start in 2001 the n_TOF collaboration developed a measurement program on fission, in view of advanced fuels in new generation reactors. A special effort was made on measurement of cross sections of actinides, exploiting the peculiarity of the n_TOF neutron beam which spans a huge energy domain, from the thermal region up to GeV. Moreover fission fragment angular distributions have also been measured. An overview of the cross section results achieved with different detectors is presented, including a discussion of the 237Np case where discrepancies showed up between different detector systems. The results on the anisotropy of the fission fragments and its implication on the mechanism of neutron absorption, and in applications, are also shown.

Published
2019

19. Fission program at n_TOF

Author

International Workshop on Nuclear Data Evaluation for Reactor Applications (5. : 2018 : Aix-en-Provence), Tassan-Got, Laurent, Colonna, Nicola, Diakaki, Maria, Eleme, Zinovia, Manna, Alice, Sekhar, Adhitya, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Barbagallo, Massimo, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Martinez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta, Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., Žugec, Petar, International Workshop on Nuclear Data Evaluation for Reactor Applications (5. : 2018 : Aix-en-Provence), Tassan-Got, Laurent, Colonna, Nicola, Diakaki, Maria, Eleme, Zinovia, Manna, Alice, Sekhar, Adhitya, Stamatopoulos, Athanasios, Aberle, Oliver, Alcayne, Victor, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Audouin, Laurent, Babiano Suarez, Victor, Bacak, Michael, Barbagallo, Massimo, Bennett, Samuel, Berthoumieux, Eric, Bosnar, Damir, Brown, Adam S., Busso, Maurizio, Caamaño, Manuel, Caballero Ontanaya, Luis, Calviani, Marco, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Cano-Ott, Daniel, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cerutti, Francesco, Chiaveri, Enrico, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Cortés-Giraldo, Miguel Antonio, Cosentino, Luigi, Cristallo, Sergio, Damone, Lucia Anna, Davies, Paul John, Dietz, Mirco, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dressler, Rugard, Ducasse, Quentin, Dupont, Emmeric, Durán, Ignacio, Fernández Domínguez, Beatriz, Ferrari, Alfredo, Gonçalves, Isabel Maria Ferro, Finocchiaro, Paolo, Furman, Valter, Garg, Ruchi, Gawlik, Aleksandra, Gilardoni, Simone, Göbel, Kathrin, González Romero, Enrique Miguel, Guerrero Sánchez, Carlos, Gunsing, Frank, Heinitz, Stephan, Heyse, Jan, Jenkins, David, Jiri, U., Junghans, Arnd Rudolf, Kadi, Yacine, Käppeler, Franz, Kimura, Atsushi, Knapová, Ingrid, Kokkoris, Michael, Kopatch, Yuri N., Krtička, Milan, Kurtulgil, Cem Deniz, Ladarescu, Ion, Lederer-Woods, Claudia, Lerendegui-Marco, Jorge, Lonsdale, Sarah-Jane, Macina, Daniela, Martinez, Trinitario, Masi, Alessandro, Massimi, Cristian, Mastinu, Pierfrancesco, Mastromarco, Mario, Maugeri, Emilio Andrea, Mazzone, Annamaria, Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio, Mengoni, Alberto, Michalopoulou, Veatriki, Milazzo, Paolo Maria, Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Mingrone, Federica, Moreno-Soto, Javier, Musumarra, Agatino, Negret, Alexandru, Ogállar Ruiz, Francisco, Oprea, Andreea, Patronis, Nikolas, Pavlik, Andreas, Perkowski, Jarosław, Petrone, Cristina, Piersanti, Luciano, Pirovano, Elisa, Porras Sánchez, José Ignacio, Praena, Javier, Quesada Molina, José Manuel, Ramos Doval, Diego, Reifarth, René, Rochman, Dimitri, Rubbia, Carlo, Sabaté-Gilarte, Marta, Saxena, Alok, Schillebeeckx, Peter, Schumann, Dorothea, Smith, Alastair Gavin, Sosnin, Nikolay V., Sprung, Peter, Tagliente, Giuseppe, Taı́n Enríquez, José Luis, Tarifeño-Saldivia, Ariel, Thomas, Benedikt, Torres-Sánchez, Pablo, Tsinganis, Andrea, Urlaß, Sebastian, Valenta, Stanislav, Vannini, Gianni, Variale, Vincenzo, Vaz, Pedro, Ventura, Alberto, Vescovi, Diego, Vlachoudis, Vasilis, Vlastou, Rosa, Wallner, Anton, Woods, Philip John, Wright, Tobias J., and Žugec, Petar

Abstract

Since its start in 2001 the n_TOF collaboration developed a measurement program on fission, in view of advanced fuels in new generation reactors. A special effort was made on measurement of cross sections of actinides, exploiting the peculiarity of the n_TOF neutron beam which spans a huge energy domain, from the thermal region up to GeV. Moreover fission fragment angular distributions have also been measured. An overview of the cross section results achieved with different detectors is presented, including a discussion of the 237Np case where discrepancies showed up between different detector systems. The results on the anisotropy of the fission fragments and its implication on the mechanism of neutron absorption, and in applications, are also shown.

Published
2019

20. Measurement of the production cross sections of beta+ emitters for range verification in proton therapy

Author

Rodriguez Gonzalez, M. T., Guerrero, C., Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., Saiz, J., Lerendegui-Marco, J., Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Parrado-Gallego, Ángel, Quesada, José Manuel, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., and Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040]

Abstract

Trabajo presentado en Rábida 2018: International Scientific Meeting on Nuclear Physics, celebrado en La Rábida (Sevilla, España), del 18 al 22 de junio de 2018, In proton therapy, the uncertainties in the range of the beam delivered to the patient result in some safety margins in the treatment planning that limit the dose that can be delivered to the tumour. This certainly limits the benefits of having a sharp Bragg peak, and therefore reducing this uncertainty would allow a better utilization of the advantages of proton therapy over conventional radiotherapy. For this reason there is an intensive research program aiming at in vivo range verification. Among the techniques available, in-vivo PET range verification relies on the comparison of the measured and estimated activity distributions of positron emitters induced on mainly C, N, O, Ca and P by the proton beam. The accuracy of the estimated distribution depends on the accuracy of the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations, which depends on the underlying cross section data available. A revision of the experimental data available in the EXFOR database indicates that these are not always available in the full energy range and that there are sizeable differences between the different measurements. The aim of this study is to develop a method for measuring the production cross sections of the long-lived positron emitters 11C and 13N in the most abundant isotopes in the human body: carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The method has been tested and used to measure these cross sections at the CNA cyclotron. This method consists in the degradation of the 18 MeV proton beam by means of a multi-stack target configuration in order to obtain the cross sections at different energies. The activity induced in each film is measured using a clinical PET scanner, so that the acquisition in dynamic mode provides the activity curves to identify the decay of each isotopes. The production cross section of the six reaction channels have been obtained between 4 and 17 MeV and compared with the data available in the literature. The plans for measuring at high proton energies using clinical beams are ongoing.

Published
2018

21. Laser-driven neutrons for time-of-flight experiments

Author

Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles

Abstract

Trabajo presentado en las X Jornadas CPAN (Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear), celebradas en Salamanca (España), del 29 al 31 de octubre de 2018, Los haces de neutrones pulsados suponen una valiosa herramienta en física nuclear, con aplicaciones en un amplio abanico de campos. Estos haces de neutrones, producidos actualmente mediante aceleradores de partículas convencionales, se caracterizan mediante “tiempo de vuelo” (TOF, por sus siglas en inglés), lo que nos permite conocer el espectro energético de nuestro haz de neutrones. El uso de esta técnica está limitado por la resolución temporal que podamos obtener, la intensidad de cada pulso, y la frecuencia con las que podamos producirlos. En las últimas décadas, el desarrollo de láseres de pulso ultracorto (femtosegundo) y alta potencia (> 1019 W/cm2) ha abierto la puerta a un gran número de nuevas aplicaciones. Gran parte de los recursos de investigación se han invertido en el estudio de la aceleración de haces de iones asistidos por láser, dirigiendo la mayoría de los esfuerzos en la optimización en la producción de las distintas especies de partículas. El uso de estos haces en la producción de neutrones ha permitido alcanzar valores por pulso competitivos respecto a las fuentes tradicionales lo que podría convertir a este tipo de fuentes láser en una interesante alternativa para la comunidad de haces pulsados. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, estos neutrones no han sido utilizados para llevar a cabo ningún experimento de física nuclear. En este contexto, nuestro grupo de investigación desde la Universidad de Sevilla, y en colaboración con otros grupos de investigación con amplia experiencia en producción, detección y uso de haces pulsados de neutrones en instalaciones convencionales, se ha propuesto realizar una serie de experimentos con el objetivo de producir y caracterizar haces de neutrones pulsados asistidos por láser, optimizando las técnicas de detección, análisis y diagnóstico utilizadas actualmente en fuentes de neutrones convencionales para implementarlas en sistemas de producción láser con el propósito de asentar la viabilidad de llevar a cabo experimentos de física nuclear en este tipo de fuentes e identificar las ventajas y desventajas de este método de producción respecto a los sistemas convencionales. Para ello, se pretende realizar experimentos en diferentes instalaciones láser tanto en España (L2A2 en Santiago de Compostela y CLPU en Salamanca) como en Europa (CILEX en Paris y LEX Photonics en Munich).

Published
2018

22. Neutron radiography at CNA

Author

Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles

Abstract

Trabajo presentado en Rábida 2018: International Scientific Meeting on Nuclear Physics, celebrado en La Rábida (Sevilla, España), del 18 al 22 de junio de 2018

Published
2018

23. Measurement of the production cross sections of beta+ emitters for range verification in proton therapy

Author

Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040], Rodríguez González, M. Teresa, Guerrero, C., Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., Saiz, J., Lerendegui-Marco, J., Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Parrado-Gallego, Ángel, Quesada, José Manuel, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040], Rodríguez González, M. Teresa, Guerrero, C., Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., Saiz, J., Lerendegui-Marco, J., Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Parrado-Gallego, Ángel, and Quesada, José Manuel

Abstract

In proton therapy, the uncertainties in the range of the beam delivered to the patient result in some safety margins in the treatment planning that limit the dose that can be delivered to the tumour. This certainly limits the benefits of having a sharp Bragg peak, and therefore reducing this uncertainty would allow a better utilization of the advantages of proton therapy over conventional radiotherapy. For this reason there is an intensive research program aiming at in vivo range verification. Among the techniques available, in-vivo PET range verification relies on the comparison of the measured and estimated activity distributions of positron emitters induced on mainly C, N, O, Ca and P by the proton beam. The accuracy of the estimated distribution depends on the accuracy of the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations, which depends on the underlying cross section data available. A revision of the experimental data available in the EXFOR database indicates that these are not always available in the full energy range and that there are sizeable differences between the different measurements. The aim of this study is to develop a method for measuring the production cross sections of the long-lived positron emitters 11C and 13N in the most abundant isotopes in the human body: carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The method has been tested and used to measure these cross sections at the CNA cyclotron. This method consists in the degradation of the 18 MeV proton beam by means of a multi-stack target configuration in order to obtain the cross sections at different energies. The activity induced in each film is measured using a clinical PET scanner, so that the acquisition in dynamic mode provides the activity curves to identify the decay of each isotopes. The production cross section of the six reaction channels have been obtained between 4 and 17 MeV and compared with the data available in the literature. The plans for measuring at high proton energies using clinical beams are on

Published
2018

24. Production yields of ß+ emitters for range verification in proton therapy

Author

Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040], Rodríguez González, M. Teresa, Guerrero, C., Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., Parrado-Gallego, Ángel, Lerendegui-Marco, J., Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, Quesada, José Manuel, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040], Rodríguez González, M. Teresa, Guerrero, C., Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., Parrado-Gallego, Ángel, Lerendegui-Marco, J., Millán Callado, María de los Ángeles, and Quesada, José Manuel

Abstract

In proton therapy, the range of the proton beam is assumed to be between 1% to 3% and hence sizeable safety margins are applied in current treatment plannings, which limits the benefits of having a sharp Bragg peak. Reducing this uncertainty would allow a better utilization of the advantages of proton therapy over conventional radiotherapy, and hence there is an intensive research program aiming at in vivo range verification of the proton beam [1]. Among the techniques available nowdays, in-vivo PET range verification relies on the comparison of the measured and estimated activity distributions of positron emitters induced on mainly C, N, O, Ca and P present in the human body by the proton beam, right after treatment (long-lived positron emitters 11C and 13N) or during the irradiation (short-lived positron emitters 15O, 29P and 12N). The accuracy of the estimated distributions is basically that of the cross-section data available, which are the main input of the Monte Carlo simulations [2]. A revision of the experimental data available in the EXFOR database [3] indicates that these cross sections have not been measured in the full energy range of interest and that there are sizeable discrepancies between the different data. Indeed, several studies confirm the need of more accurate measurement of cross sections of the reaction channels that contribute to the production of the mentioned positron emitters [4]. The aim of the work presented herein is to develop a method for measuring the production yields of the long-lived positron emitters in the most abundant isotopes in the human body (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) in the full energy range for proton therapy (up to ~250 MeV). As a first step, the developed method has been tested and used to measure these cross sections at the CNA cyclotron. This method consists in the degradation of the 18 MeV proton beam by means of a multi-stack target configuration in order to obtain the cross sections in different energy points. T

Published
2018

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