Search

Milk is considered an essential source of protein for people of all ages. However, Bangladeshi people, particularly those living in rural areas, tend to consume less milk and milk products than necessary. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the demand for milk and milk products among rural consumers and the factors affecting their consumption habits. The study utilizes balanced panel data from three waves of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey: 2011–12, 2015, and 2018–19, collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute. Both the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and Fixed Effects Model were employed. The expenditure elasticity for liquid milk, powdered milk, and condensed milk was found to be 1.013, 1.856, and 1.060, respectively, indicating that these products are considered luxury goods in rural Bangladesh. Additionally, powdered milk is more price-sensitive than liquid or condensed milk in these areas. Milk and milk products exhibit a substitutable relationship based on the Slutsky and Cournot cross-price elasticities matrix. Consumption of liquid milk is significantly influenced, either positively or negatively, by several factors, including age, education, family size, ownership of dairy animals, income, expense of food, and year. Furthermore, while the consumption of powdered milk is increasing over time, factors such as family size and livestock ownership negatively impact its consumption. Similarly, the consumption of condensed milk is negatively affected by education and ownership of dairy animals. Based on our study results, we recommend increasing household income through on and off-farm job creation, promoting educational campaigns on the benefits of milk, and supporting livestock ownership to reduce reliance on processed milk products.

Handling and transportation of high‐fat cream needs to be done gently; otherwise, undesirable destabilisation of the fat emulsion is likely to occur. This study delves into the processing factors that cause the disruption of fat emulsion in high‐fat cream. The cream viscosity was 48.6 mPa.s at 7.2°C. Results revealed that pump screw pitches of 32 and 43 mm and rotational speeds of 264 and 464 LPM were the significant factors that caused the butter formation in the cream. There was significant emulsion breakdown, regardless of the degree of fat crystallisation at 6.5 ± 0.5°C for a minimum of 12 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDairy products that are contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms through unhygienic farm practices, improper transportation, and inadequate quality control can cause foodborne illness. Furthermore, inadequate storage conditions can increase the microflora of natural spoilage, leading to rapid deterioration. Ultrasound processing is a popular technology used to improve the quality of milk products using high-frequency sound waves. It can improve food safety and shelf life by modifying milk protein and fats without negatively affecting nutritional profile and sensory properties, such as taste, texture, and flavor. Ultrasound processing is effective in eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. However, the efficiency of processing is determined by the type of microorganism, pH, and temperature of the milk product, the frequency and intensity of the applied waves, as well as the sonication time. Ultrasound processing has been established to be a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional heat-based processing technologies that lead to the degradation of milk quality. There are some disadvantages to using ultrasound processing, such as the initial high cost of setting it up, the production of free radicals, the deterioration of sensory properties, and the development of off-flavors with lengthened processing times. The aim of this review is to summarize current research in the field of ultrasound processing and discuss future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Customer priority for consuming dairy products with intact natural characteristics is leading the food processing trends towards the extensive exploration of non‐thermal technologies. Pulsed electric field (PEF) technique has arisen as a potential and sustainable processing solution. This review discusses the microbial and enzyme inactivation potential of PEF technique in milk and milk products. Alongside its effect on their natural characteristics. Its potential for better probiotic retention in spray‐dried powders, dairy waste treatment and nutrient enrichment application in dairy products has also been highlighted. PEF has demonstrated its effectiveness in ensuring the dairy product's safety with minimal effects on quality parameters. However, these findings are limited to lab and pilot scale level. Further, extensive research is needed at a commercial scale for the implementation of this technology in the dairy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption of contaminated food products. Even though, this pathogen has been responsible for the outbreaks of foodborne infections in the early 1980s, the major outbreaks have been reported during the past two decades. Listeriosis infection in the host is a rare but life-threatening disease with major public health and economic implications. Extensive reports on listeriosis outbreaks are associated with milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and fresh produce. This bacterium can adapt to any environmental and stress conditions, making it a prime causative agent for major foodborne diseases. The pathogen could survive an antibiotic treatment and persist in the host cell, thereby escaping the standard diagnostic practices. The current review strives to provide concise information on the epidemiology, serotypes, and pathogenesis of the L. monocytogenes to decipher the knowledge on the endurance of the pathogen inside the host and food products as a vehicle for Listeria contaminations. In addition, various detection methods for Listeria species from food samples and frontline regimens of L. monocytogenes treatment have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food including milk and meat is often viewed as the mixture of different components such as fat, protein, carbohydrates, moisture and ash, which are estimated using well-established protocols and techniques. However, with the advent of metabolomics, low-molecular weight substances, also known as metabolites, have been recognized as one of the major factors influencing the production, quality and processing. Therefore, different separation and detection techniques have been developed for the rapid, robust and reproducible separation and identification of compounds for efficient control in milk and meat production and supply chain. Mass-spectrometry based techniques such as GC-MS and LC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques have been proven successful in the detailed food component analysis owing to their associated benefits. Different metabolites extraction protocols, derivatization, spectra generated, data processing followed by data interpretation are the major sequential steps for these analytical techniques. This chapter deals with not only the detailed discussion of these analytical techniques but also sheds light on various applications of these analytical techniques in milk and meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and the distributed serotypes in New Valley and Assiut provinces. Eight hundred samples were collected (280 from New Valley and 520 from Assiut) from different sources including fecal swabs (160), raw milk (80), Damietta cheese (80), Kareish cheese (80), ice cream (80), yoghurt (80), stool samples (170) and hand swabs (70). Samples were bacteriologically examined then the recovered isolates were serotyped. In New Valley province, occurrence of NTS was 8.57%, 3.33%, 0.00%, 20,00%, 17.14% and 5.71% of milk, Kareish cheese, Damietta cheese, yoghurt, fecal swabs and stool samples, respectively, while, the occurrence of NTS in Assiut was 15.56%, 18.00%, 12.50%, 4.44, 8.75%, 15.56%, 11.43% and 8.00% of milk, Kareish cheese, Damietta cheese, yoghurt, ice cream, fecal swabs, hand swabs and stool samples, respectively. 13 different serotypes were detected in the recovered isolates (87) including S. Typhymurium and S. Enteritidis were the predominant serotypes with an occurrence rate of 24.14% and 20.69%, respectively, followed by S. Tsieve (12.64%), S. Infantis (8.05%), S. Larochelle (9.20%), S. Virchow (5.75%), S. Molade (8.05%), S. Haifa (3.45%), S. Shubra (1.15%), S. Alfort (1.15%), S. Essen (2.30%), S. Apeyeme (1.15%) and S. Heidelberg (2.30%). In conclusion, the high prevalence of the NTS in various dairy products represents an alarm for the public health because of the possibility of transmitting these serovars to consumers, which requires reviewing the methods of control and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been developed as vigorous method for the identification of microorganisms. In this study, the culturable population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from nonpasteurized milk and milk products was identified using the MALDI-TOF MS. Altogether, 20 samples of Slovak milk and milk products were tested, including 10 samples of milk and 10 samples of dairy products. The LAB were cultured on MRS agar at 30 °C. Gram-positive and catalase-negative strains were subjected to identification by the MALDI-TOF MS profiling. MALDI-TOF MS identification allowed the identification of three genera belonging to the LAB - Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Presence of Lactobacillus was found in 17, Leuconostoc in three and Lactococcus only in one sample. Lactobacillus spp. was the most abundant genus and comprised 84% of all strains were isolated. Lactobacillus was mostly represented with four species: Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. ultunensis, L. casei. Our study shows that the MALDI-TOF MS could serve an important method in identidication of microorganisms for dairy industry needs.

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Milk and its products are rich in bioactive and functional compounds. Most of these compounds are heat-sensitive. Therefore, common thermal processes may have destructive effects on the nutritional properties of milk and its products. Nonthermal processes, hence, have attracted the attention of many researchers. High-pressure processing (HPP) is one of the novel non-thermal processes that has been investigated in terms of increasing the shelf life of milk and dairy products, and promising results have been obtained. This article aims to review the studies conducted on the effects of HPP on milk and dairy products. According to the findings of the studies, HPP is able to change the structure of milk components, especially proteins and fat globules. In addition to this, HPP can inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, preserve nutrients and flavoring compounds, increase yield, and improve rheological and sensorial properties of milk and its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reports of increasing occurrence of multidrugresistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus from milk and milk products across Nigeria constitute a significant public health threat. This study systematically reviewed the prevalence of MDR S. aureus in milk and milk products from all the geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Extensive literature search through African Journal Online, Google Scholar, Google, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted. Articles published between August 8, 2007 and May 4, 2020 were included in the study and evaluated according to geopolitical zones where such studies were conducted. Of the 46 articles gathered, 28 were selected. The highest and lowest prevalence of MDR S. aureus recorded were 100% and 3.21% respectively. The phenotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance as evaluated from the studies examined consisted of different antibiotics combinations with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices =0.2. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance gene mecA was the dominant antibiotic resistance gene detected from S. aureus isolates exhibiting phenotypic resistance to the antibiotics tested. The high occurrence of MDR S. aureus in milk and milk products in Nigeria is worrisome, however, there was under-reporting or unavailable reports from some geopolitical zones. The MAR index > 2.0 recorded from the majority of the studies depicts the over use and/or misuse of antibiotics in Nigeria. The fight against MDR S. aureus should be holistic, involving the relevant authorities and stakeholders through the one health perspective which would ensure food safety and improve public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that the dairy industry has an important position in the food industry (with an 18% share in its total production and sales), dairy businesses are currently struggling with low consumption of milk and dairy products. According to most researchers, the low consumption of milk and dairy products is mainly due to poor eating habits and, last but not least, insufficient promotion of these products. There is also an opportunity for private labels, which are recently on the rise, for which milk and dairy products are the most commonly purchased category of food. This paper aimed to find out how Slovak millennials perceive private labels, in which categories they buy them, what motivates them and on the contrary, discourages them from the purchase, etc. As the main research method, there was chosen the method of anonymous questionnaire survey involving 549 respondents from all over Slovakia; which was subsequently supplemented with a blind test. The submitted results of research declared that our goals were fulfilled and the following conclusions can be stated: Slovak millennials buy private labels in particular in the category of milk and dairy products, perceive private labels as an adequate alternative to their purchase and when purchasing milk and dairy products, they are mostly influenced by recommendations of family and friends and the tasting.

Studies have shown that the elderly are at a higher risk of developing malnutrition due to physiological and pathological changes. Several studies have confirmed that older South Africans have insufficient dietary diversity, resulting in nutritional deficiencies. Furthermore, poor and uninformed dietary choices are associated with the development of several diseases and increased mortality. Following the Elderly Food Based Dietary Guidelines (EFBDGs) related to promoting elderly health could ensure that the elderly have an adequate intake of nutritious foods. This paper provides an overview of six FBDGs relating to promoting health and is based on the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that the elderly are at a higher risk of developing malnutrition due to physiological and pathological changes. Several studies have confirmed that older South Africans have insufficient dietary diversity, resulting in nutritional deficiencies. Furthermore, poor and uninformed dietary choices are associated with the development of several diseases and increased mortality. Following the Elderly Food Based Dietary Guidelines (EFBDGs) related to promoting elderly health could ensure that the elderly have an adequate intake of nutritious foods. This paper provides an overview of six FBDGs relating to promoting health and is based on the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines.

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences / Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Milk and dairy products are one of the chief sources of nutrition for human beings particularly for infant and children. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 ) a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 found in milk and milk productscauses serious health issues for human beings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage on the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and other dairy products sold at retail stores of Tripoli Province, Libya. Selected samples (Skimmed and cream milk, infant milk formula, butter, cheese, Cheddar, spread and slice) were evaluated by using specialized RIDASCREEN AFM1 competitive enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Our investigation revealed that, the concentration of AFM1 increased with the duration of storage. Furthermore, we found that the newly manufactured samples had very low concentration of AFM1 and within the permitted range. Moreover, AFM1 concentration in skimmed and cream milk having 6 month shelf life had 5.00 ngkg-1 and 5.03 ngkg-1 respectively. Furthermore, both the expired skimmed and cream milk had AFM1 concentrations 121.8 ngkg-1 and 108.18 ngkg-1, respectively. In addition to that, we found that the levels of AFM1 in different dairy products varies with different shelf lives (12 and 1 month), such as cheddar (5.0 and 72.79 ngkg-1), Spread (5.30 and 60.03 ngkg-1), Slice (5.50 and 61.18 ngkg-1). Additionally, infant milk formula with shelf life of 24 months and expired samples had AFM1 less than 5.00 ngkg-1 and 60.8 ngkg-1, respectively. Based on our investigation, we found that the presence AFM1 in milk and milk products at high concentration may cause serious illness to consumers’ health and the consequent economic losses.

Despite the fact that the dairy industry has an important position in the food industry (with an 18% share in its total production and sales), dairy businesses are currently struggling with low consumption of milk and dairy products. According to most researchers, the low consumption of milk and dairy products is mainly due to poor eating habits and, last but not least, insufficient promotion of these products. There is also an opportunity for private labels, which are recently on the rise, for which milk and dairy products are the most commonly purchased category of food. This paper aimed to find out how Slovak millennials perceive private labels, in which categories they buy them, what motivates them and on the contrary, discourages them from the purchase, etc. As the main research method, there was chosen the method of anonymous questionnaire survey involving 549 respondents from all over Slovakia; which was subsequently supplemented with a blind test. The submitted results of research declared that our goals were fulfilled and the following conclusions can be stated: Slovak millennials buy private labels in particular in the category of milk and dairy products, perceive private labels as an adequate alternative to their purchase and when purchasing milk and dairy products, they are mostly influenced by recommendations of family and friends and the tasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) aptasensor is designed for the diagnosis of Brucella melitensis bacteria, which affects the Mediterranean fever (brucellosis) from the zoonotic diseases that are very common in the Middle East Countries. The method is based on the selection of B. melitensis bacterium from solutions using B. melitensis specific binding aptamer (Apt) attached magnetic nanoparticles. The surface of the magnetic nanoparticles (i.e.,Fe 3 O 4) was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then grafted with a hydrophilic macromonomer poly(ethyleneglycol)-methacrylate (PEG-MA) as a first block polymer and glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) as a second block functional polymer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method [Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @p(PEG-MA-GMA)], then, the specific binding aptamer was immobilized. The aptamer immobilized magnetic nanoparticles were used for the pre-concentration of the target bacterium, and the same aptamer sequence was also immobilized on the QCM chip and used for the quantitative detection of B. melitensis using QCM aptasensor. The detection limits of the QCM aptasensor were in the range 1.02–1.07 CFU mL−1, with recoveries up to 79%. The synthesized [Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @p(PEGMA-GMA)] nanoparticles showed a good permanence and high isolation recoveries for the pull down of the target bacterium from food samples, after recycling eight times. The method was successfully applied to target bacterium determinations in milk and milk product samples. fx1 • A QCM-aptasensor was designed for the determination of B. melitensis from food samples. • The aptamers on magnetic particles and QCM sensor chips have high specificity to target bacteria. • B. melitensis detection limit of the QCM-aptasensor was found to 100 CFU mL−1. • The pre-concentration with same aptamer offered sensitive detection of target bacteria. • The binding of bacterial cells to QCM-aptasensor was well described by Langmuir model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Milk and dairy products are one of the chief sources of nutrition for human beings particularly for infant and children. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 found in milk and milk products causes serious health issues for human beings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage on the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and other dairy products sold at retail stores of Tripoli Province, Libya. Selected samples (Skimmed and cream milk, infant milk formula, butter, cheese, Cheddar, spread and slice) were evaluated by using specialized RIDASCREEN AFM1 competitive enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Our investigation revealed that, the concentration of AFM1 increased with the duration of storage. Furthermore, we found that the newly manufactured samples had very low concentration of AFM1 and within the permitted range. Moreover, AFM1 concentration in skimmed and cream milk having 6 month shelf life had 5.00 ngkg-1 and 5.03 ngkg-1 respectively. Furthermore, both the expired skimmed and cream milk had AFM1 concentrations 121.8 ngkg-1 and 108.18 ngkg-1, respectively. In addition to that, we found that the levels of AFM1 in different dairy products varies with different shelf lives (12 and 1 month), such as cheddar (5.0 and 72.79 ngkg-1), Spread (5.30 and 60.03 ngkg-1), Slice (5.50 and 61.18 ngkg-1). Additionally, infant milk formula with shelf life of 24 months and expired samples had AFM1 less than 5.00 ngkg-1 and 60.8 ngkg-1, respectively. Based on our investigation, we found that the presence AFM1 in milk and milk products at high concentration may cause serious illness to consumers' health and the consequent economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: There are global public health and economic concerns on chemical residues in food of animal origin. The use of antibiotics in dairy cattle for the treatment of diseases such as mastitis has contributed to the presence of residues in dairy products. Penicillin residues as low as 1 ppb can lead to allergic reactions and shift of resistance patterns in microbial population as well as interfere with the processing of several dairy products. Antibiotic monitoring is an essential quality control measure in safe milk production. This study was aimed at determining antibiotic residue contamination and the level of penicillin in dairy products from Fulani cattle herds in Oyo State. Materials and Methods: The presence of antibiotic residues in 328 samples of fresh milk, 180 local cheese (wara), and 90 fermented milk (nono) from Southwest, Nigeria were determined using Premi® test kit (R-Biopharm AG, Germany) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of penicillin-G residue. Results: Antibiotic residues were obtained in 40.8%, 24.4% and 62.3% fresh milk, wara and nono, respectively. Penicillin-G residue was also detected in 41.1% fresh milk, 40.2% nono and 24.4% wara at mean concentrations of 15.22±0.61, 8.24±0.50 and 7.6±0.60 μg/L with 39.3%, 36.7% and 21.1%, respectively, containing penicillin residue above recommended Codex maximum residue limit (MRL) of 5 μg/L in dairy. There was no significant difference between the mean penicillin residues in all the dairy products in this study. Conclusion: The results are of food safety concern since the bulk of the samples and substantial quantities of dairy products in Oyo state contained violative levels of antibiotic residues including penicillin residues in concentrations above the MRL. This could be due to indiscriminate and unregulated administration of antibiotics to dairy cattle. Regulatory control of antibiotic use, rapid screening of milk and dairy farmers’ extension education on alternatives to antibiotic prophylaxis, veterinary prescriptions and withdrawal periods are recommended to prevent residues.

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) extraction cleaning process was comprehensively validated for determination of 167 pesticide residues in three matrices: milk, cheese and cream. Optimisation of the mass spectrometry parameters was performed by injecting pesticide standard solutions into the electrospray ion (ESI) source. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ESI mode. The validation data fulfilled the requirements of the European SANTE/11945/2015 Guideline. The specificity of the developed method is considered satisfactory. Good linearity (R² > 0.99) was obtained for all pesticide matrix calibration curves within the range of 0.1- 100 μg kg-1. Mean recoveries of all target analytes ranged from 80.4 to 117.3%, and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 1.1 to 13.1 μg kg-1, depending on pesticide residues. The repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility ranged from 0.2 to 15.1%and from 1.3 to 19.4%, respectively. The uncertainty was not higher than 48% for target analytes in the three matrices. The validated method was successfully applied to screening of milk and milk products, and none of the 167 pesticides investigated was detected in 92 real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been developed as vigorous method for the identification of microorganisms. In this study, the culturable population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from nonpasteurized milk and milk products was identified using the MALDI-TOF MS. Altogether, 20 samples of Slovak milk and milk products were tested, including 10 samples of milk and 10 samples of dairy products. The LAB were cultured on MRS agar at 30 °C. Gram-positive and catalase-negative strains were subjected to identification by the MALDI-TOF MS profiling. MALDI-TOF MS identification allowed the identification of three genera belonging to the LAB - Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Presence of Lactobacillus was found in 17, Leuconostoc in three and Lactococcus only in one sample. Lactobacillus spp. was the most abundant genus and comprised 84% of all strains were isolated. Lactobacillus was mostly represented with four species: Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. ultunensis, L. casei. Our study shows that the MALDITOF MS could serve an important method in identidication of microorganisms for dairy industry needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine and compare antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae ­genera isolated from milk and milk products like cheese, bryndza, srvátka and parenica from ecological and conventional breeding from different regions of Slovakia. Distance between breedings was about 20 km. In the both breeding were not used antibiotics. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for susceptibility to three antibiotics ampicillin (AMP), nalixid acid (NA 30) and chloramphenicol (C 30). In our study, we determined that the highest resistance of Enterobacteriaceae strains was to ampicillin (100 %) in conventional breeding. The higher resistance in conventional breeding is probably due to greater anthropogenic influences. In ecological breeding we determined 84.61% resistance to ampicillin. The highest susceptibility was to chloramphenicol and nalixid acid (100 %) in conventional breeding. In the ecological breeding resistance to chloramphenicol was 15.38 % and resistance to nalixid acid 7.69 % from all tested isolates. Conversely, higher resistance to chloramphenicol and nalixid acid in the ecological breeding may be due to the persistence of resistant genes in environment. The lowest resistance to chloramphenicol and nalixid acid in conventional breeding may be due to the prohibition of the use of antibiotics as growth promoters. From this genera, we identified Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia odorifera bv.1, Serratia odorifera bv. 2, Citrobacter braakii and Escherichia coli from conventional breeding which were resistant to ampicillin and isolated from cheese, bryndza and parenica. In the ecological breeding we identified this strains: Raoultella ornithinolytica resistant to ampicillin, Serratia rubidaea, which was resistant to all of used antibiotics and this strains were isolated from milk samples and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca which were resistant to ampicillin and were isolated from cheese samples. The results show that the bacteria can transfer resistance genes to others bacteria, for example to pathogens too. Also that resistant bacteria and their resistant genes survive in the environment and transfer to others animals and products thereof.

A technique of colorimetric and test determination through reaction with iron(III) on the surface of chemically modified aluminosilicate for tetracycline and doxycycline was developed. The advantages of the technique are its rapidity, ease of performance, affordability, and good metrological characteristics. The method could be used in laboratories that perform chemical analysis of foodstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is an important foodborne disease worldwide, and milk and milk products are commonly associated with SFP outbreaks. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) genes in Staphylococcus aureus from raw cow's milk and milk products and to assess their genetic background with the spa typing method. Of the 549 samples (297 bulk milk and 162 milk product samples) collected from Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia, 160 (29.1%) were positive for S. aureus, of which 82 (51%) were found to harbor se genes by a modified multiplex PCR. Nine se genes were identified: sea (n= 12), seh (n = 3), sec (n = 3), sed (n = 4), seg (n = 49), seh (n = 2), sei {n = 40), sej (n = 1), and tsst-1 (n = 24). The classical type of genes accounted for 27%. Of the 82 enterotoxigenic isolates, 41.5 and 12.4% harbored two or more se genes, respectively. The highest gene association was observed between sei and seg, whereas sea and seb were always found together with the new types of se genes. Altogether, 18 genotypes of toxin genes were identified, and 33% of the samples contained >5 log CFU ml-1 S. aureus, spa typing identified 22 spa types and three novel spa sequences, which showed the high genetic diversity of the isolates. No apparent relationship was observed between spa type and se genes. Of the 25 spa types, 13 (52%) were from raw milk, 3 (12%) from milk products, and 9 (36%) from both types of sample. Types t314 (20.7%, n = 17), t458 (18.3%, n = 15), and t6218 (9.8%, n = 8) were the most common spa types identified and were widely distributed in three ot the eight studied localities. This is the first study from the Tigray region to report the high distribution of enterotoxigenic S. aureus with a diversified genetic background from dairy food. The study may provide valuable data for microbial food safety risk assessment, molecular epidemiology, and phylogenetic studies of S. aureus in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Cankiri Karatekin University / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kolesterol oksidasyon ürünleri (KOÜ); kolesterol içeren gıdaların işlenmesi sırasında, uygun olmayan ambalajlama ve depolama koşullarında, ısı ve ışık gibi faktörlerin etkisi ile oluşmaktadır. Bu maddeler mutajenik, kanseriyojenik, sitotoksik, anjiyotoksik, hücre zarlarını tahrip edici ve metabolizmada kolesterol biyosentezini yavaşlatıcı özelliklere sahiptir. Bu nedenle gıdalardaki KOÜ halk sağlığı için potansiyel bir risk taşımaktadır. Kolesterolce zengin olan süt ve süt ürünlerinde de uygun olmayan şartlarda işleme ve depolama sırasında KOÜ oluşmaktadır. Bu nedenle süt ürünlerinin işlenmesi sırasında KOÜ oluşmaması için önlemlerin alınması ve bu konuda standartların getirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Bu araştı rma Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesinin yurtta kalan k ı z ve erkek öğ rencilerinin süt ve süt ürünleri tüketim s ı kl ığı n ı belirlemek amac ı yla toplam 200 öğ renci üzerinde yap ı lm ışt ı r. Araştı rma bulguları na göre; öğ rencilerin % 50.00'si k ı z, % 50.00'si erkektir. Ö ğ rencilerin % 97.50 gibi büyük bir ço ğ unluğ u süt tüketmektedir ve % 36.51'i sütü soğ uk ve şekersiz olarak tükettiklerini belirtmi şlerdir. Öğ rencilerin en çok tercih ettikleri sütlü tatl ı lardan muhallebi 211 puan , yoğ urt çeş itlerinden tam yağ l ı yoğ urt 382 puan , peynir çeşitlerinden tam yağ l ı beyaz peynir 418 puan ilk s ı rada yer almaktad ı r. Okul döneminde ö ğ renciler en yüksek oranda hergün peynir % 50.00 , haftada 2-3 kez süt % 45.13 ve yo ğ urt % 48.50 tüketmekte olup peynir tüketimi ile cinsiyetler aras ı ndaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak önemlidir P

Food including milk and meat is often viewed as the mixture of different components such as fat, protein, carbohydrates, moisture and ash, which are estimated using well-established protocols and techniques. However, with the advent of metabolomics, low-molecular weight substances, also known as metabolites, have been recognized as one of the major factors influencing the production, quality and processing. Therefore, different separation and detection techniques have been developed for the rapid, robust and reproducible separation and identification of compounds for efficient control in milk and meat production and supply chain. Mass-spectrometry based techniques such as GC-MS and LC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques have been proven successful in the detailed food component analysis owing to their associated benefits. Different metabolites extraction protocols, derivatization, spectra generated, data processing followed by data interpretation are the major sequential steps for these analytical techniques. This chapter deals with not only the detailed discussion of these analytical techniques but also sheds light on various applications of these analytical techniques in milk and meat products., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The article focuses on a study conducted by the authors related to men's and women's expectancies for perceived benefits, strategies and barriers of milk and milk products consumption. Topics discussed include barrier to milk consumption such as perception regarding contamination of milk and its products, taste and cost, benefits of milk according to respondents such as physiological and taste benefits and self-regulatory strategies like combining milk to ensure milk consumption.

After the “plasticizer event” in Taiwan, phthalic acid esters (PAEs) have been listed in “Inedible materials possibly added into food illegally” and “Commonly abused food additives.” As one of the PAEs family, DMP has long been a problem of great concern due to its potential impacts on human health. In order to detect DMP with high sensitivity and specificity, a sensitive indirect competitive biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) has been established in this study. A high-titer rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb-DMP) targeting DMP was obtained, and the procedures of BA-ELISA were optimized for the determination of DMP in milk and milk products. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was achieved within a range of 0.024 to 6.027 μg L−1, with low cross-reactivity values for DMP structural analogues (lower than 10%). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.356 μg L−1and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0082 μg L−1. Finally, the concentrations of DMP in milk and milk products ranged from 1.03 μg kg−1to 7.23 μg kg−1by BA-ELISA. Satisfactory recoveries (90.26–112.38%) and coefficient of variation (CV) values (5.08–8.46%) were obtained. These results were consistent with those using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which further confirmed that the proposed BA-ELISA was accurate, specific, reliable and rapid for routine monitoring trace DMP residues in foodstuff, especially milk and milk products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 27 phthalates in milk and milk products. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap) was used for the separation and detection of all the analytes. The method was validated by taking into consideration the guidelines specified in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and 2007/19/EC. The extraction recoveries were in a range of 90.7% to 104.6%, with coefficient of variation <5.6%. The 27 compounds behave dynamic range in the 0.1–1000 μg kg −1 concentration, with correlation coefficient >0.99. The limits of detection for the analytes are in the range 0.32–2.6 μg kg −1 . This method has been successfully applied on screening of phthalates in 96 commercial milk and milk product samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years around the world, the economic development and transformation occurring in milk and milk products production have affected consumption and trade. Especially in developing countries, the increase in per capita income and population required additional milk and milk products which hold an important place in human nutrition. This increased demand for milk and dairy products led to an increase in milk and dairy products production and trade especially in developing countries. As a result of these developments, milk and milk products sector has become an area to attract national and international investments. In this study, the objective is to make an overall assessment of the world of milk and dairy products in terms of production, consumption, prices and trade and to determine the changes and emphasize the trends in these areas. E.U. ranks first in total milk production (20.57%) fallowed by India (16.56%) and the U.S. (12.05%). Per capita milk consumption in the World has increased from101 kg in 2006, to 109 kg in 2012. The upward trend in World milk production, consumption and trade continues. Especially in recent years New Zealand and Australia's export market share for dairy products is increasing while the EU's share is declining. The importance of China, Russia, Mexico and Japan continues in the imports of dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk is a complete food containing high-quality protein, the only source of lactose, and an excellent source of calcium. Thus, milk is prone to adulteration and to combat this menace, in India, the government appoints food safety officers who carry out chemical examination of milk and milk products. Formalin is the only legally permitted preservative for milk and milk products, in India, meant for analytical purposes. Scientific reports suggest that formalin interferes in maintaining the compositional profile; since accuracy in analysis of milk components is very important, these changes can be problematic. The other preservatives that have been described in the literature include mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, hydrogen peroxide, bronopol, and azidiol Most of these preservatives are bactericidal but either involve a health hazard or environmental hazard or are unsuitable for long-term storage. Hence, there is a need to uncover combinations of antibacterial agents and bacteriostatic antibiotics for preserving milk and milk products until analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Total 221 samples of milk and milk products were collected during winter (November 2011–February 2012) and 212 samples were collected during summer (May–August 2012) from central areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) with a validated HPLC method equipped with florescence detector. The results revealed that from winter season almost 45% samples of milk and milk products were found to be contaminated with AFM1 i.e. 40% of raw milk, 51% of UHT milk, 37% of yogurt, 60% of butter and 43% of ice cream samples and 27, 24, 25, 34 and 17% of samples were found above the recommended limit for AFM1, respectively. However, from summer season 32% samples of milk and milk products were found to be contaminated i.e. 36% of raw milk, 31% of UHT milk, 29% of yogurt, 40% of butter and 24% of ice cream and 23, 23, 18, 20 and 5% of samples were found above the permissible limit for AFM1, respectively. The levels of contamination in winter milk and milk product samples were significantly higher (α ≤ 0.05) than in summer season. The occurrence of AFM1 in milk and milk products were higher, demanding to implement strict regulations and also urged the need for continuous monitoring of milk and milk products in order to minimize the health hazards. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aim: To evaluate the rpoB gene as an alternative to the V3 gene for the identification of bacterial species in milk and milk products. Methods and Results: DNA obtained from different bacterial species strains was amplified by PCR using rpoB primers. PCR products of each bacterial species were then separated on a DGGE gel. The molecular fingerprints of the bacterial species tested were integrated into a database. The DGGE analysis shows a single band for the rpoB gene amplicons per each bacterial species. Comparison of electrophoretic profiles obtained from V3 16S rDNA amplification with those from this study obtained with rpoB showed that for some bacterial species that co-migrated after amplification of the V3 region, distinct bands were observed on the gel with the amplification products of the rpoB region. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study show the discriminatory power of the rpoB gene, indicating that it can be used as an alternative to the V3 16S rRNA gene for the identification of bacterial species in milk and milk products. Significance and Impact of the Study: PCR-DGGE targeting the rpoB gene is a way of discriminating the bacterial species that co-migrated with the amplification of the V3 gene and so avoids the sequencing of the co-migrating bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to evaluate the concentration variation of heavy metals in milk collected from two different groups of sources: milk collecting centers and dairy farms. Also, their incidence in milk products, as pasteurized milk, butter milk, yogurt, cream, cheese, hard cheese was determined in the NE Romania (Moldavia). The analytical results revealed that the milk samples from the collecting centers had higher levels than the samples from the dairy farms of Pb (2.90 to 3.45 vs. 1.88 to 2.64 µg/kg) and Ni residues (11.31 to 11.88 vs. 11.17 to 11.91 µg/kg) and lower levels of Cu (224.05 to 293.15 vs. 250.15 to 313.70 µg/kg) and Zn (2036.11 to 2517.86 vs. 2066.32 to 2739.43 µg/kg). In the milk products, the average concentration of Pb varied from 2.73 µg/kg in pasteurized milk to 4.05 µg/kg in hard cheese; the average concentration of Ni varied from 12.03 µg/kg in pasteurized milk to 16.33 µg/kg in hard cheese; the average concentration of Cu varied from 256.51 µg/kg in pasteurized milk to 1289.85 µg/kg in hard cheese; the average concentration of Zn varied from 2374.18 µg/kg in pasteurized milk to 12146.43 µg/kg in hard cheese. Pb and Ni were found at concentration levels less than WHO tolerated values depending on the amount eaten or drunk (25 µg/kg/week and 5 µg/kg/day respectively). The most average concentration levels of Cu and Zn could provide the daily human consumption requirements of 1-2 mg and 3-15 mg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen associated with severe diseases in humans and animals. We present the genotypic analysis of 18 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from milk and ready-to-eat (RTE) indigenous milk products by multiplex-PCR, allowing serovar predictions, and by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays. Multiplex-PCR serotyping assay revealed 72.2% (13/18) strains belonging to serovar group 4b, 4d, 4e, 22.2% (4/18) to serovar group 1/2b, 3b while 5.5% (1/18) to serovar group 1/2a, 3a. RAPD analysis revealed five RAPD profiles from eight L. monocytogenes strains from milk, and seven RAPD profiles from ten strains from milk products. Though RAPD analysis allowed discrimination among isolates of the same serotype and among isolates from the same sampling areas or those isolated from different areas, our results suggests that most of the L. monocytogenes isolates were indeed sporadically harboured by single food items. Thus, RAPD together with multiplex-PCR serotyping allowed rapid discrimination of L. monocytogenes strains and therefore could serve as an economical tool for typing L. monocytogenes strains. In addition, the predominance of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b in our study is of public health concern, as this serotype has been most frequently associated with human listeriosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: During February and August 2004, 319 raw milk samples were collected from dairy farms and milk collecting centers of 15 dairy plants in 14 Iranian states in winter and summer. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 with a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The recovery at 0.05μg/kg was 68% and coefficient of variation (CV) was 15%. The recovery at 0.5μg/kg was 81% and CV was 25%. Aflatoxin M1 contamination was detected in 54% of the field samples. The sample-mean concentration of aflatoxin M1 was 0.057μg/kg with 0.014 standard deviation and sample median 0.039; 44% of the samples had levels <0.01μg/kg and 77% were <0.05μg/kg. The levels of contamination in industrial and traditional dairy farms were equal, but the season had an indirect effect (α ⩽0.05) on the levels of contamination on the farms. The level of contamination in winter was significantly (α ⩽0.1) higher than in summer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]