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S: Management in the public sector represents the basic function of positioning and directing the economic and financial activities of state collectivities, that is, the public sector towards the execution of the set goals and tasks for which they were formed. According to classical understandings, the state should intervene in the economy only when the market mechanism does not contribute to optimally efficient solutions, and limit its interference in the economy to the following areas: preventing monopolistic behavior, neutralizing negative external effects and providing public goods. The functions of state bodies and organizations have a fiscal character. The fiscal character observed in this way primarily refers to the general state sector, and only in part of its competences and through agencies and commercial parts, so that these activities are marked as quasi-fiscal in order to emphasize that the primary activity of these agencies does not have fiscal features.

Artificial intelligence is making rapid strides, and trying to predict its limits is an uncertain endeavor. While it opens up significant opportunities, it also presents challenges. AI has the potential to greatly enhance military capabilities, acting as a force multiplier. Military applications of AI can confer a competitive edge by expediting decision-making, revolutionizing the decision-making process, and improving command, control, and oversight capabilities. Similar to any groundbreaking technology, AI is poised to spark competition among powerful nations, potentially giving rise to security dilemmas, disrupting conflict predictability, and increasing the risk of escalation. At its core, the pivotal question centers on the interaction between human operators and AI systems. In the realm of strategy, official state documents underscore the strategic significance of AI development and deployment in military endeavors. AI systems are likely to bolster military strategy, especially in forecasting and planning. Nevertheless, the human element in shaping strategy remains paramount, as it relies on instincts, creativity, and values. Nonetheless, there remains a concern that military personnel might excessively rely on AI for decision-making. In terms of military doctrine, the role of AI will likely be limited to assessment and aiding in doctrine revision. Considering that doctrine outlines a state's armed forces' purpose, values, and organizational culture, it is apparent that doctrine will play a pivotal role in defining how a state's military perceives and interacts with AI systems. Artificial intelligence will play a substantial role in military planning, primarily due to its capacity to rapidly and accurately process complex and vast datasets. Even if AI systems are not granted decision-making authority, military planners and commanders may heavily depend on AI analyses and recommendations due to time constraints and the intricacies of wartime scenarios. Consequently, the line between AI that supports decision-making and AI that makes decisions itself could become less distinct. Concerning Rules of Engagement, they serve as a suitable framework for distinguishing the utilization of AI in specific conflicts and missions. In the realm of military orders, AI systems are expected to offer significant support in command and control functions, though they may not be entrusted with issuing orders independently. Nevertheless, practical challenges may arise in distinguishing between orders issued by algorithms and those given by commanders, potentially resulting in de facto AI-driven decision-making, akin to the planning stage. Military structures, standards, and processes are likely to adapt in tandem with technological advancements. It is, therefore, imperative to proactively establish fundamental principles, values, and standards governing AI use, rather than reacting to technological developments, to avert unforeseen or undesirable consequences. Future discussions and research on AI's role in military operations, as well as its integration into strategy, doctrine, operational plans, Rules of Engagement, and orders, should concentrate on the interaction between humans and machines, as this remains the crux of the matter. Striking an appropriate balance between AI's role in military preparation and execution and the effective management of military artificial intelligence is of paramount importance.

The subject of this paper is the productivity of the manufacturing industry of Serbia. The analysis was conducted on data for 85 manufacturing groups of Serbian industry during the period 2012-2022. Changes in total factor productivity, as well as the decomposition of these changes into technological changes and innovations on the one hand, and efficiency changes on the other, were estimated using Malmquist indices calculated by DEA program. The introduction offers a brief overview of the macroeconomic context in which industrial production takes place. The second chapter is devoted to the methodology and the presentation of the data used. In the third part of the paper, the results of the research are presented. The total factor productivity of the manufacturing industry grew at a low average rate of about 0.5% annually. The manufacturing industry lacks continuity of growth, with no more than two years of consecutive productivity growth recorded. The best results were achieved in the manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products, electrical equipment and other transport equipment. Productivity growth in these divisions is rather the result of efficiency improvements than technological changes, i.e. innovations. The biggest decline was achieved in the manufacture of basic iron and steel.

The paper analyses the theory and doctrine of strategic deterrence of the Russian Federation and compares them with measures of their implementation in the conflict in Ukraine during 2022. Strategic deterrence is defined as a holistic approach that integrates non-military and military measures to shape the adversary's decision-making in all phases of conflict. From the point of view of military theory, it does not represent a crude force strategy, but coercion aimed at manipulating the perception of the opponent and influencing their strategic behaviour. The analysis of Russian theoretical and doctrinal positions indicates that the role of nonmilitary measures in achieving strategic goals has increased, and in some cases has surpassed the power of weapons in terms of their effectiveness. On the other hand, although the current Russian concept of deterrence may appear to be of a too non-military character, it leans, to some extent, towards military or violent measures. This is a consequence of the existence of dualism in the Russian theory of strategic deterrence, where the current military leadership of the Russian Armed Forces, which attaches crucial importance to military kinetic measures, especially in the phase of an armed conflict, is a stronger current. The implementation of strategic deterrence measures in the conflict in Ukraine, during 2022, confirms the hypothesis of the currently greater correctness of the direction in Russian military theory, which in strategic deterrence attaches greater importance to the implementation of military kinetic measures.

Background/Aim. Measles is a contagious disease with a good prognosis; however, severe complications may sometimes develop. C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood cells count-derived inflammatory indices – granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), mean plate-let volume (MPV)/platelet count ratio (MPR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and MPV are the indicators related to the clinical outcome in various inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the values of CRP, blood cell count, GLR, PLR, MLR, MPR, RDW, and MPV in measles-affected children compared to healthy controls and between measles-affected children with complicated and severely complicated measles form. A particular aim of the paper was to assess the suitability of inflammatory-derived markers for predicting the severity of the disease. Methods. The study included 55 measles-affected children who developed complications (examination group), while the control group included 30 healthy children. The first peripheral blood count, obtained on the first hospitalization day (before treatment), was used for further analyses. Results. The white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets count were significantly lower, while GLR, PLR, MPR, and CRP were significantly higher in measles-affected children (p ˂ 0.05). In severely complicated measles form, significantly higher values of granulocytes, CRP, GLR, and PLR were documented, including lower lymphocytes (p ˂ 0.05). A linear regression analysis showed that CRP was the only indicator with predictive significance for the severity of the course of measles. Conclusion. The blood cell count-derived inflammatory indices should not be crucial in assessing the severity of measles in children. CRP was the most valuable predictive factor for the development of the severe course of measles in measles-affected children.

In the process of financial analysis, an inevitable place belongs to the quantitative analytical methods. During the economic development, the analytical processes became more and more important, so that it conditioned their development. Applying various methods of analysis the financial statements such as the horizontal, vertical or ratio analysis, the operational management obtained the necessary information, but a new corpus of methods was constantly invented and developed for the strategic decision-making. In this context, the Data Mining methods also find their place. The subject of this paper is the application of one of the accepted methods of the Data Mining in the financial analysis on an example of a metal industry company, the so-called Group Method of Data Handling

The information dimension of the modern security environment is characterized by complexity, the abundance of unstructured information and numerous conflicts that are fought through information warfare. The stated complexity of the modern information dimension and the problem of correctly perceiving the security environment raises the question of application of modern and proven methods for their analysis. These methods are a useful tool for understanding the information dimension, especially if it is about a foreign or opposing environment, and they help organizing, synthesizing, and applying information as a key part of communication planning and strategic thinking and decision making. Structural analysis of the information dimension includes the analysis of: a) elements of the information dimension, primarily information infrastructure, systems and devices for collecting, transmitting, processing and delivering information, information and their flows, as well as personnel and organizations performing various activities related to the information; b) areas of the information dimension, i.e. physical, cognitive, and information areas; c) levels of the information dimension, which are divided into global, national and military-security levels; and d) actors of the information dimension, primarily individuals, non-state and state actors, directing the analysis to their ability to act in the information dimension, i.e. performing information operations. The functional phase of information dimension analysis, on the other hand, contains the following phases: 1) defining the information dimension, 2) describing the effects of the information dimension, using PMESII and ASCOPE matrix, 3) assessing information situation and threat, within which a possible pattern and the doctrine of information action of the opponent in a specific situation are determined, and 4) determining the directions of action of the opponent in the information dimension. It can be concluded that only a comprehensive analysis, which considers all the elements of the structure of the information dimension, as well as the elements of functional analysis, provides the military with a complete understanding of the information dimension and functional information on the possibility of shaping the information dimension for the purpose of acting against the opposing forces easier accomplishing of gains.

In the context of Maria Montessori's (1870-1952) pedagogical philosophy, one of its fundamental characteristics can be observed in her humanistic romanticist attitude towards the child and childhood, as well as the repercussions of such an attitude on the global process of building and developing a society of peace, that is, tendencies of a pacifist nature as an important purpose of the development of mankind as a whole. Guided by this kind of leitmotif identified in Montessori's pedagogical theory and teachings, the first section of the paper seeks to examine and interpret her ideas which place great significance on the influence of the environment on the holistic process of child development, and her views on the periods of sensitivity a child goes through in its development. The second section of the paper looks at the characteristics of the first stage of development in Montessori's pedagogical theory, with emphasis on the importance of the voluntaristic aspect in child development. Finally, the third section examines some of Montessori's theoretical starting positions in the segment of complexity of the child's world - adult world relationship through the axiological ethical dimension, with special reference to the importance of cosmic education in this context. The main aim of this paper was thus inspired by an analysis of some of Montessori's pedagogical views and ideas which, in the naturalness of their pedagogical manner and rhetoric, encourage and foster the idea of a child's holistic development by emphasizing the importance of the axiological ethical dimension in the context of the child's world - adult world relationship.

Privatization was one of the largest reform processes in the countries of Central and Southeastern Europe. In the economic literature, privatization in countries in transition is seen as an integral part of the process of liberalization and stabilization of the economy, which transfers property rights from the state to private entities. The main goal of privatization should be to increase the efficiency of business operations through better management, lower operating costs and increased competitiveness. The main problem that arose before the creators of the economic policy of countries in transition in the case of privatization was, among other things, how to transfer the ownership of the largest part of companies in an economy in which there is no private savings and not enough foreign direct investments into private hands. The paper presents the methods of company privatization, market reactions, the level of employment, and finally, the transition of this part of Europe was compared with the events characteristic of Serbia.

Classic companies are characterized and based on individual property and private initiative of individual owners. However, the processes of capital increase and the need for increasing ventures in production and trade, expansion of production and markets require the creation of large enterprises for the establishment of which was not enough accumulation of individual owner. The development of production on an ever-increasing scale and the constant pursuit of ever-increasing profits requires new forms of increasing capital, and even the association of individual capitals, although they have previously competed with each other. Such conditions lead to the functioning of a more modern form of business in the form of joint stock companies.

Traumatic brain injury is a severe condition frequently complicated with infections, hypermetabolism, and augmented renal clearance (ARC). The ARC is a phenomenon characterized by increased creatinine clearance above 130 mL/min/1.73m2. This phenomenon has been associated with decreased blood concentrations of selected antibiotics, like vancomycin, probably causing treatment failure. Despite ARC's possible fatal consequences in our local medical community, it is rarely assessed. Patient with traumatic brain injury accompanied with secondary infection and augmented renal clearance accompanied with subtherapeutic vancomycin concentrations in the time of treatment is presented. Since concentrations of antibiotics are not routinely measured in Serbian hospitals, clinical practice adjustment and widely accepted method of antibiotics blood concentration measurement which is particularly important in critically ill patients is suggested. The clinical pharmacologist is a significant team member for the treatment of critically ill patients due to his/her expert knowledge of pharmacokinetics and drug interactions, especially important in this category of patients, contributing to positive clinical outcomes.

The adoption of words of foreign, English, origin can be characterized as a common social phenomenon. As it is necessary to understand unknown words and expressions in order to experience literary values, preparing a teacher for interpreting a text implies anticipating the projection of students in the field of vocabulary, semantics and phraseology. Anglicisms can often be understood as unreasonably used words that can slow down the process of experiencing and receiving literary and artistic texts. Precisely because of that, the main research goal is reflected in the examination of the understanding of words borrowed from the English language in the teaching of literature in the fourth grade. The research was conducted on a sample of 80 fourth grade students from elementary schools in Kosovska Mitrovica and Zvečan. The data obtained in the research indicate that students have a poor understanding of borrowed words and that their understanding depends on the school that the student attends and the material status of the family. Students whose families are of better material status have higher scores on the English language comprehension test. The obtained data partially confirm the research hypotheses.

Dextransucrase (DS) is a glucosyltransferase (E. C. 2.4.1.5) that catalyzes the transfer of glucosyl residues from sucrose to dextran polymer and liberates fructose. This enzyme isassociated with a wide application range of dextran and oligosaccharides. DS production by Leuconostoc mesenteroidesT3 was optimized using a Central Composite Design under the Response Surface Methodology. Three variables were chosen for optimization: distillery stillage, sucrose and manganese concentration. The results showed that sucrose and manganese concentrations had a positive linear effect on DS production while all variable interactions (stillage-manganese, stillage-sucrose, and sucrose-manganese) had significant influences on the DS production. The maximal DS yield of 3.391±0.131 U cm-3, was obtained in the medium with 64.33 % distillery stillage concentration, 5.30% sucrose concentration and 0.022 % manganese concentration. Our study revealed the potential of distillery stillage combined with sugar beet molasses, supplemented with sucrose and manganese to be employed as a valuable medium growth for lactic acid bacteria and production of DS. Also, taking into consideration the origin of the substrates, utilization of industrial by-products in this way has a great environmental relevance and is in accordance with circular economy.

Introduction: Itraconazole is an antifungal drug belonging to the triazole group. After oral application, it is rapidly absorbed, but its bioavailability is reduced due to an intensive first-pass through the liver metabolism effect. A large number of metabolites (the most important of which is hydroxyitraconazole) are produced by isoform CYP3A4 of cytochrome P450. The variability of itraconazole pharmacokinetics is the result of numerous factors that have not yet been fully clarified. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of gender on itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole plasma concentrations in healthy adults after an oral application of a single dose of itraconazole. Methods: Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed after oral administration of itraconazole in a single dose of 100 mg to 22 male and 16 female healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected before taking the drug and at appropriate time intervals up to 72 hours later. Itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole concentrations were determined using a validated liquid chromatography method with mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) and their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using the Kinetica programme, version 5.0: Cmax, Tmax, PIK (0-72), PIK (0-∞), T1/2, and Ke. Results: The median values of both itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole were lower in women in comparison to men during the whole period of observation. Moreover, median values of Cmax, PIK(0-72) and PIK(0-∞) parameters were also significantly lower in women, concerning both itraconazole (p=0.005, 0.036 and 0.036, respectively) and its metabolite (p=0.004, 0.010 and 0.044, respectively). Elimination parameters - T1/2 and Ke did not differ between genders. Conclusion: Women were less exposed to itraconazole and its active metabolite than men following an oral application of the drug, possibly as a result of lower bioavailability due to a more intense pre-systemic metabolism, as a result of a higher expression and/or activity of the isoform enzyme, which metabolises itraconazole, and which would need to be confirmed by pharmacogenomic analysis.

The paper will present the way in which the procurement audit process takes place in a particular settlement entity. The paper is presented in nine parts in a way that at the beginning of the paper defines key concepts, so through segregation and identification of risks in the procurement process, it is necessary to define the necessary criteria that must be met in the process of controlling procurement procedures. in the audit of the financial statements of the entity. As one of the most important business processes in the company is the audit of the procurement process due to the fact that it represents a significant component of financial statements, both balance sheet and income statement, the authors are of the opinion that the work will contribute to persons performing procurement activities. to manage the procurement audit process, identify problems in the same as well as ways in which problems could be overcome.

Being surrounded by English language leads us to think that anglicisms are found in everyday language. Innevitably, even children of primary school age come into contact with anglicisms. The online classes that were conducted, and due to the epidemic of the Kovid 19 virus, made the availability of words of foreign origin, in this case from the English-speaking area, even easier. The subject of this paper is to examine the differences in the use of anglicisms among pupils ofthe primary school in Kosovska Mitrovica, aged 9 to 12 years, in relation to sociodemographic variables (gender, grade and age of students, school successand educational level of parents and socioeconomic status of the family). Online survey was conducted offering words of Serbian and English origin with the aim of giving an insight into how many foreign words are used instead of domestic ones. The research found that a statistically significant difference exists only between pupils whose mothers are of different educational levels. Other hypotheses have not been confirmed.

Everyday exposure to the influences of the English language in the Serbian-speaking environment naturally leads to a greater use of English words, which is manifested by the use of English as a substitute for words of the original Serbian language. The population that falls under the influence of a foreign, English language, among other groups of Serbian society, includes school-age children because they search for information of various contents that are available to them with the help of the Internet. Here, first of all, we mean social networks such as Facebook, Instagram or Tik Tok, but we also have in mind YouTube, which is a very popular medium where various contents are shown for the purposes of online teaching and information from the world of science, culture, social life of young people. Having in mind the mentioned facts, the research, the results of which will be presented in this paper, deals with the issue of conditional-consequential connection between the use of English in third, fourth and fifth grade students of elementary school "Branko Radičević" in Kosovska Mitrovica and teaching and other content within online teaching, data for teaching purposes from the sources of the daily press in Serbia, the content of certain television programs as well as the mentioned sources of websites for the purposes of collecting information. In order to obtain relevant data, an online survey was made and conducted, within which words from the Serbian and English original vocabulary were offered in the given context of statements from the Serbian language. The aim of the study is to examine the frequency of use of anglicisms, i.e. words of foreign, English, origin, and to determine the cause-and-effect relationship with the offered internet media and their contents. We will show in the paper that the results of our study showed that the use of anglicisms is positively correlated with the time spent in research on social networks, and that the negative correlation of the use of anglicisms in relation to time spent in online classes organized during the state of emergency in Serbia in the first months of the Covid virus epidemic 19.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cells generated by reprogramming an adult somatic cell genome to the stage of a pluripotent stem cell in vitro by inducing a forced expression of specific transcription factors that are important for the maintenance of pluripotency. The iPSCs seem to be very similar to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) in terms of morphology, cell surface markers and gene expression levels, but recent studies have demonstrated some differences between the two cell types. However, iPSCs might have potential application in regenerative medicine, transplantation, drug testing, disease modelling, and avoidance of tissue rejection and with less ethical concern than ESCs. This paper aims to present the most important characteristics of iPSCs which have therapeutic significance.

The subject of this paper is an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of international investments - foreign direct investment (FDI) with a brief overview of the Republic of Serbia and its level and structure of FDI. Foreign direct investment is an important factor in development, especially in developing countries and countries in transition. Countries in transition, which includes Serbia and all Western Balkan countries feel a lack of capital, so it is important for them to fill the gap with foreign direct investment. For countries with current account deficits, FDI is used to increase exports and alleviate current account deficit problems. Based on experience and theoretical consideration, the paper points out the necessity of changes in our business environment, in order for Serbia to use foreign direct investments (with all its negative characteristics) which can and must give a special contribution and impetus to its economic growth.

The topicality of the topic, something that has been given importance in recent years and its presence in everyday communication has stimulated its analysis. The paper will present an analysis of the sustainability of budget principles and budget procedures, using data analysis methods, by presenting and describing in detail all budget principles (principle of budget unity, completeness, accuracy, budget balance, specialization, duration, clarity and publicity) as and the procedures (budgeting, budgeting, execution and control of the budget) that the budget goes through.