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This article offers a novel perspective into how Murle agro-pastoralist youth in South Sudan draw on permanent body marks (also known as scarifications or body inscriptions) to communicate their individual and collective stories and future aspirations; negotiate identities and generational relations; and reimagine social norms and political subjectivities. Based on long-term ethnographic research and through a visual analysis of body marks, the article explores the meanings behind young people’s body mark iconography, including assault rifles and army ranks, to mobile phones, syringes and United Nations acronyms. Body marks are a powerful embodied knowledge practice and unique lens to understand people as well as how social institutions like the age-sets are transforming. In particular, this article explores the insights that body mark iconography reveal about how Murle rural youth interpret and imagine “modernity”, as read through young people’s bodies, as a culturally situated phenomenon. It reveals how young people’s interpretations of modernity are tied to an urban and military culture that, in their eyes, is synonymous with power. While youth may be aware of the global connotations of their body marks, these are localised practices and claims for validation and pathways to social personhood within their own social world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions toward gender and sexual identities in the Portuguese armed and police forces, emphasizing on mental health implications. A qualitative research methodology was followed, using an electronic inquiry answered by 64 participants who are members of the Portuguese armed or police forces. Data were examined using thematic analysis, and the recurrent themes identified were the following: general characteristics of the military/police environment and culture, sexist attitudes and behaviors, positive attitudes and behaviors related to sexuality, homophobic/heterosexist attitudes and behaviors, influence of military and police culture on the expression of sexuality and coping of sexual minorities, negative impact of military and police culture on the mental health of gender and sexual minorities, and personal opinion regarding how sexual and gender diversity should be addressed in the armed and police forces. Analysis of these themes provides insight into the perceptions and experiences of our participants and suggests that the impact of stigma and discrimination toward gender and sexual minorities in this context was relevant for the individuals within this sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arcos: Design, Cultura e Visualidade is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the behaviour patterns of four key roles within Army units – policy initiators, policymakers, implementers (or supervisors), and policy beneficiaries – during the development of new policies, defined by the Army as those significantly diverging from previous practices. The research finds that when policymakers and implementers align with initiators and adopt a policy beneficiary-centred approach throughout planning, execution, and evaluation, there is a positive correlation with the policy's long-term sustainability. Conversely, when policymakers operate within an authoritarian or hierarchical culture, focusing on the demands of initiators rather than addressing the needs of the policy beneficiaries, the policy outcomes often fall short. Through in-depth interviews with senior officers and surveys of Army personnel regarding policies that promote voluntary activities for soldiers, the study identifies these roles and analyzes their dynamics. Statistical methods, including T-tests, R programming (Central Limit Theorem, Monte Carlo Method), and decision tree analysis, validate the hypotheses. The study's findings contribute to existing literature by offering a "gear model" centered on policy beneficiaries, providing a practical framework for future policy development. This model underscores the importance of considering all roles in policy formulation to ensure effective and sustainable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing trauma among US military-connected populations can be complex and layered, however, it is imperative to facilitate their wellbeing, functionality, and continued service. Shared trauma is a novel phenomenon among social workers, and may have relevance to the military context. Innovative approaches in social work are necessary to enhance provider's awareness of addressing shared trauma. We propose an innovative learning activity that incorporates the use of the film, Top Gun: Maverick, to reveal sophisticated understandings about shared trauma among military-connected populations. Since this activity has not been formally tested, educators should assess its impact on practice with military-connected populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the multifaceted exchanges between the American and Chilean armies from 1961 to 1969, asserting that they were strictly professional, devoid of political indoctrination, and aligned with both nations' foreign policy interests. Utilizing declassified diplomatic and military documents, this research diverges from prior works by integrating an in-depth understanding of military codes and culture with global, regional, and national contexts. It challenges the politicized narratives of the Cold War in Latin America, especially in Chile. This research offers insights into the actual impacts of international military policies on future military exchange programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does organizational culture influence cognitive flexibility among military units despite these units sharing similar sizes, resources, missions, and goals? While the ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions is well-acknowledged, the influence of organizational culture on cognitive flexibility remains underexplored. This article bridges this gap through a comparative case study of the 4th and 19th Brigades of the Swedish Army. The findings reveal that organizational culture prescribes acceptable practices within military units, influencing training, exercises, and standing orders. This, in turn, hinders or promotes cognitive flexibility. In elucidating the relationship between organizational culture and cognitive flexibility, the study provides theoretical and empirical contributions to war studies. Furthermore, the study empowers military leaders with insights to transform their unit’s operational practices. Encouraging a culture of open-mindedness and integrating unscripted scenarios into training and exercise can bolster cognitive flexibility, thus fostering a more resilient armed force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The military serves as a vital bridge between strategic goals and societal values. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the potential and limitations of Empowering Leadership (EL) in the armed forces. Considering the current post-pandemic context and the geopolitical shifts in a volatile, uncertain, fragile, and complex world, we look at how EL can boost adaptability. We started by addressing military organization structure and evolution, followed by the EL concept and its impact on organizational performance. We discussed its benefits, progress, and role in modern military environments. The analysis points out EL benefits, despite the challenges posed by the military's strict hierarchy, which can limit EL's effectiveness, but concluded that this style can be effective when aligned with Mission Command. We analyze EL's nuances in military settings, presenting three propositions and stating their potential, challenges, and limitations. This study offers insights into leadership dynamics in the military, highlighting the delicate balance between empowerment and traditional structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence has published several articles on military intelligence, including Jeffrey Rogg's "Military-Intelligence Relations: Explaining the Oxymoron." Rogg discusses the tensions between the military and intelligence professions, such as the management of violence and secrets, collectivism and individualism, and caution and risk-taking. However, the author offers an alternative perspective, viewing military intelligence as a dual professional identity with its own unique characteristics. They argue that military intelligence professionals navigate the overlap between the military and intelligence communities, adopting aspects of both professions to achieve their goals. The author suggests that military intelligence should be seen as a dual identity rather than an oxymoron, allowing for further research and understanding of this profession. [Extracted from the article]

The military serves as a vital bridge between strategic goals and societal values. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the potential and limitations of Empowering Leadership (EL) in the armed forces. Considering the current post-pandemic context and the geopolitical shifts in a volatile, uncertain, fragile, and complex world, we look at how EL can boost adaptability. We started by addressing military organization structure and evolution, followed by the EL concept and its impact on organizational performance. We discussed its benefits, progress, and role in modern military environments. The analysis points out EL benefits, despite the challenges posed by the military’s strict hierarchy, which can limit EL’s effectiveness, but concluded that this style can be effective when aligned with Mission Command. We analyze EL’s nuances in military settings, presenting three propositions and stating their potential, challenges, and limitations. This study offers insights into leadership dynamics in the military, highlighting the delicate balance between empowerment and traditional structures.

The article is dedicated to studying military culture, which is of special relevance in military administration in modern times and acts as an important means of socialization between the army and society. In the article, based on various scientific sources, the author tried to reveal military culture's characteristic features and content and exhibited a specific scientific approach to its structural elements and forms. The analysis of new concepts and categories included in the value standards of military culture in the process of building an army in connection with the emergence of a new political way of thinking in Azerbaijani society formed a special subject of research in the article. The article also put forward specific considerations regarding the possibilities of applying military culture in the training of qualified officer personnel in the Azerbaijani army, as well as development prospects. As a result, in the article, taking advantage of the historical experience, the involvement of the achievements of all fields of culture in the field of military activity as a whole was evaluated as one of the important requirements facing the army, and the synthesis of all the achievements of the military culture with the reforms carried out in the military field was expressed as a guarantee of the success, success and reliable future of the army. To strengthen the value standards of military culture in the future in the process of building an army, their continuous promotion among personnel is reflected in the article as the main proposal.

Jean Lartéguy’s The Centurions (1960) became a must-read among coalition forces during the war on terror. The novel follows a French airborne battalion as it counters insurgencies in Vietnam and Algeria. It addresses the strategic and tactical issues associated with counterinsurgency as well as the psychological costs. What lessons were drawn from Lartéguy, and what does the novel tell us for the future? In addition to a close reading of the text, I engage in a genealogical analysis of the novel’s citations to determine how informal forms of doctrine filter through organizational cultures like the military and subtly guide policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, the United States Army removed its ban on women working in combat roles in previously reserved jobs for men. This policy change included a concerted effort by Army leadership to ensure women felt included in their new roles. Nevertheless, the immediate response to the policy changes led to mixed results in translating and implementing these new policies. This study takes qualitative data from a study on diversity and inclusion policy and practices to investigate women's experiences working in various roles in 2019. We collected qualitative data from 19 focus groups and 120 soldiers in 2019 from four Army installations across the United States. An inductive analysis of focus group interviews revealed three major themes: social exclusion due to gender, updated policies to include women, sexism, and gender harassment. Since inclusion is an interpersonal experience, the themes were analyzed through an intersectional template to see if race and rank also played a role in women's experiences in combat roles. These findings provide a more nuanced and lived experience perspective on being a woman serving in combat in the United States Army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review focuses on student veterans' transition and reintegration into education and presents key themes in international student veteran research. Grounded in a literature search in ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science, our scoping review includes 137 articles across research disciplines. It covers publications from the last 15 years, with a transnational focus. Analysis of these articles resulted in two key themes: (1) Transition challenges of student veterans, including differences in military and academic learning, mental health challenges in class and on campus, and social interaction with non-veteran students and faculty. (2) Support efforts for student veterans, including becoming a veteran-friendly campus, academic support, mental health support, and social support. In addition to discussing these key themes across articles, we map prevalent conceptual frameworks, and discuss commonly used definitions of student veterans, veteran demographics, as well as descriptions of military education culture and academic education culture that we found in the literature. The subsequent discussion highlights that the academic success of student veterans often focuses on metrics, which highlights the qualification function of education, while disregarding the socialisation of veterans in education and their development of relative autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The military is a unique cultural institution that significantly influences its members, contributing to the development and transformation of their identities. Despite growing interest in identity research in the military, challenges persist in the conceptualization of military identity, including understanding how it forms, assessing the influence of military culture on identity development, and evaluating the implications for mental health. The primary objective of this scoping review was to map the complexities of military culture's impact on military identity and its effects on mental health. Materials and Methods A scoping review of the literature was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology. Studies were included if they described military culture, military identity, and mental health, resulting in 65 eligible studies. The extracted data were thematically analyzed to identify how military culture impacts military identity and mental health and well-being. Results Multiple identities were evident within the military population, with 2 overarching identities, loyalty and military, overall conferring positive mental health outcomes. Where these identities were hidden or disrupted, poorer mental health outcomes were observed. Conclusions The scoping review conducted in this study challenges the notion of military identity as a singular concept promoting positive mental health outcomes. It highlights its multifaceted nature, revealing that individuals may face identity concealment and disruptions during periods of transition or adjustment, resulting in adverse mental health outcomes. To capture the complexity of military identity, the authors developed the Military Identity Model (MIM). Military leaders, policymakers, and health care professionals are encouraged to recognize the complex nature of military identity and its impact on mental health and well-being. We recommend using the Military Identity Model to explore military identity and adjustment-related difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is a crucial government policy, and military units are government departments responsible for constructive affairs. However, few studies have explored the effects of perceived military social responsibility on environmental attitude and green organizational citizenship behavior. The present study addresses this research gap by developing a research framework regarding sustainability by applying organizational identity theory to the military. The results indicate that perceived military social responsibility is crucial in improving environmental attitude and green organizational citizenship behavior and promoting sustainable development. These results can be used as a reference by military units to achieve sustainable development goals and provide practical implications for sustainable management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the representation of Germany and the Germans in the pages of the Melbourne Punch (1855–1925). Grounding its imagery in contemporary racial stereotyping of Germans, Melbourne Punch commented in muted terms on German immigration and the events of 1870–71 but reacted with alarm at the sudden arrival of the Kaiserreich as an expanding imperial power in the Asia-Pacific in 1884–85. The consolidation of this presence in the 1890s, combined with the simultaneous threat posed to Australia’s security via Germany’s challenge to the Royal Navy, raised antagonism to extremes (more so than in comparable British publications like the London Punch). The fear of Prussian military culture threatening Australia’s liberal-British society was expressed palpably in ordinary weekly numbers, as well as in dedicated special issues of 1898 and 1909, which featured Germanophobic invasion stories, anticipating – but never approaching – the hatred towards the ‘Hun’ during the Great War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences are traumatic early life experiences that can lead to poorer mental, physical, and social outcomes. Children in military and veteran families can face unique challenges compared with civilian families. This study utilizes data from 2017–2019 National Survey of Children's Health to examine 56,655 children living in military, veteran, and civilian families to predict the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences. Findings indicate that children living in veteran families (compared with civilian families) have higher odds of witnessing parents use violence and witnessing parents with alcohol or substance use problems. Children in military families had higher odds of divorce and lower odds of experiencing parental death. It is also noted that children living in military, veteran, and civilian families are similar across other ACEs including the incarceration of a parent, child as victim of violence, living with family with mental illness, unfair treatment because of race, and difficulty covering basics like food and housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern societies are characterized by unprecedently broad and fast diffusion of various forms of false and harmful information. Military personnel's motivation to defend their country may be harmed by their exposure to disinformation. Therefore, specific education and training programs should be devised for the military to systematically improve (social) media literacy and build resilience against information influence activities. In this article, we put forward a useful methodological approach to designing such programs based on a case study: the process of developing a media literacy learning platform tailored to the needs of the Estonian defense forces in 2021. The approach is grounded in data on (a) the current needs and skills of the learners, (b) the kinds of influence activities that the learners may encounter, and (c) the learning design principles that would enhance their learning experience, such as learning through play and dialogue through feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the role of military treatises and manuals as objects and factors in cultural and technology transfer from Western Europe to Russia in the 17th century in a comparative perspective. Listing the treatises on military tactics, organization and technology, translated for the needs of the Russian monarchs before the radical Westernizing reforms under Tsar Peter I started in 1700, the article analyses how these texts were perceived by their Russian readers and how they might have contributed to the military change in Eastern Europe. It defines the Russian military culture of the age as an elite culture, centred around the ruler's person. The article also contextualizes the history of translated military books within knowledge transfer, in particular the transfer of Early Modern scientific ideas in Russia, as these books provided an attractive insight into European science and technology, not available for the Russian elite from other sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural diplomacy also manifests itself in the military context, where military activity and behavior in the strategic space approaches actions in the diplomatic domain. This article provides an overview of the current debates in this evolving field, exploring different diplomatic perspectives in the military's management of international relations in different military missions. Based on the most recent literature on cultural diplomacy in the military operational environment, in order to understand how the military interacts with the local population in a society where it conducts peacekeeping or peace-enforcement operations, it is useful to analyze the strategies employed and to assess the consistency of these activities with the classic definitions of public diplomacy. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, a careful analysis of the definition of the concept of diplomacy is carried out through the understanding of its two forms: cultural diplomacy and public diplomacy. In order to minimize risks and increase the efficiency of operations, the idea of integrating cultural diplomacy as a smart power in the military operational environment is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores relationships between male combatants and women in the Soviet Union between 1941 and 1944, based on the case of the Soviet partisans. It analyzes different forms of wartime marriages, which are considered as heterosexual relationships entailing complex negotiations and exchanges, and as social institutions which were an essential part of the transformation of the social order during the war. It shows how these marriages revealed shifts in hierarchies, status and concepts of authority and power, blending peasant traditions and military culture in response to the shock of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the findings of a study on the military symbolism of medieval Turks. The research focuses on specific types, forms, and designs of military standards and insignia used by Turkic tribes during the period of the Turkic Khaganates, as well as their application in military practices. To date, the history of Turkic military symbols in the medieval era has not been thoroughly examined within domestic historical scholarship. This study utilizes visual materials, primarily the art monuments of the Turks and other Turkic-speaking tribes, as primary sources. Additional sources include information from written literature, as well as archaeological findings. A detailed and in-depth analysis of these visual, literary, and archaeological materials reveals that the ancient Turks had a comprehensive system of diverse military standards and insignia, which varied in purpose, design, and supplementary elements, determining the status of the standards and the rank of their bearers. This complex, multi-tiered system of military symbols reflects the history of the Turkic tribes, the social structure of Turkic society, levels of military hierarchy, and the centuries-old traditions of the Turkic nomadic military culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of authoritarian and nationalist values in military culture, we know little about the link between the military and the far right. In this article we argue that there is an ideological affinity between the military and far-right parties, strengthened by occupational socialization. Moreover, the presence of military institutions also helps mobilizing far-right support among the surrounding population. We test this argument using data from Spain. We show both that military personnel are substantially more likely than civilians to support the far right and that the location of military facilities in Spain is linked to higher far-right support. We also discuss the generalizability of the results and provide tentative evidence that a similar link is likely to be observed in countries where the armed forces have been historically focused on controlling internal dissent and where national sovereignty has been threatened by either internal or external challengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with substantiation of the role of cadets' self-government in the formation of future officers' organizational culture at a higher military educational institution. The organizational culture is defined as a complex of norms, values, and beliefs and consider it to be an important component of the officers' professional culture and, at the same time, a factor of the future officers' personal development during their professional training and independent professional activity as well. The main characteristics of the future officers' organizational culture, three components in the structure of future officers' organizational culture (culture of self-organization, culture of subordinate personnel organization, culture of interpersonal interaction organization) have been defined. Based on the identified components in the structure of future officers' organizational culture, we have identified the criteria for its formation (cognitive, activity, personal), which are specified in a set of relevant indicators. The pedagogical conditions of future officers' organizational culture formation with the use of cadets' self-government in higher military educational institutions have been determined: ensuring the gradual involving of cadets in different forms of extra-our educational activities; involving cadets in organizational activities in the framework of the program "Young Leader School", which provides the formation of professionally oriented personal background in the organizational culture formation. The study concluded that organizational culture is an essential component of the professionalism of a future officer, which largely determined the success of the professional tasks implementation; cadets' self-government has a significant potential in the context of forming the organizational culture of future officers, and its capabilities should be actively used to form the organizational culture of cadets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are currently very few brass bands in schools in Australia, however they were the predominant music ensemble in Australian schools up to the 1970s. The aim of this article is to document the popularity of British-style brass bands in Australia, and the corresponding development of brass bands in schools during the 20th century. The history of the brass band in Australia and its decline is explored, drawing significantly on the historical research of Dr Duncan Bythell, Dr Thomas Fraschillo, Dr Dave Russell, and Dr John Whiteoak. In addition, various primary sources are examined, such as newspaper articles and photographs. British immigration to Australia played a significant role in shaping the brass band movement, which was distinctly male-dominated and had strong links to the military culture of the first half of the 20th century. These societal trends followed into the school brass band setting. The article concludes with an overview of the factors that influenced the shift away from the all-brass ensemble in schools. This research provides a better understanding of the brass band tradition within the context of the school environment in Australia and calls for further research and scholarly inclusion in the literature of music education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to studying military culture, which is of special relevance in military administration in modern times and acts as an important means of socialization between the army and society. In the article, based on various scientific sources, the author tried to reveal military culture's characteristic features and content and exhibited a specific scientific approach to its structural elements and forms. The analysis of new concepts and categories included in the value standards of military culture in the process of building an army in connection with the emergence of a new political way of thinking in Azerbaijani society formed a special subject of research in the article. The article also put forward specific considerations regarding the possibilities of applying military culture in the training of qualified officer personnel in the Azerbaijani army, as well as development prospects. As a result, in the article, taking advantage of the historical experience, the involvement of the achievements of all fields of culture in the field of military activity as a whole was evaluated as one of the important requirements facing the army, and the synthesis of all the achievements of the military culture with the reforms carried out in the military field was expressed as a guarantee of the success, success and reliable future of the army. To strengthen the value standards of military culture in the future in the process of building an army, their continuous promotion among personnel is reflected in the article as the main proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional domains of land, sea, and air warfare have long held prominence, while space and cyberspace have recently gained recognition as spheres of conflict. As conflicts continue to evolve, the domains of war must expand to accommodate new dimensions of engagement and integrate them alongside those human-centred factors that have previously held considerable sway. It is imperative, therefore, to recognise culture as the sixth domain and reflect upon its profound influence on group thinking, decision-making, and behaviour. Integrating culture into the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Targeting (C5ISRT) framework acknowledges its strategic relevance in shaping military strategies and responses in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. This paradigm shift highlights that the modern landscape extends beyond physical and virtual theatres to encompass the cognitive and social dimensions that define human interactions and conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Addressing hazing within the U.S. Military has become a critical concern to safeguard the well-being of service members; recent attempts to assess hazing prevalence in the military have been unsuccessful due to under representative data. Methods To delve into the hazing climate and reporting culture at Fort Bragg, now Fort Liberty, 227 individuals took part in an anonymous online survey. The survey collected demographics and insights on hazing attitudes and behaviors, perceptions of group experiences including hazing/non-hazing activities, views on leadership, familiarity and experiences with reporting procedures, and bystander intervention. Results The findings echoed existing literature: while only 17.2% admitted to experiencing hazing, a striking 70.3% acknowledged involvement in specific hazing behaviors. Only 40% of participants who acknowledged experiencing hazing (n  = 35) disclosed that they reported or confided in someone about the incident. Responses highlight reporting hurdles including concerns about anonymity, confidence in the reporting process, leadership reactions to reports, and the normalization of these events as tradition. Discussion Distinct elements of military culture, such as the hierarchical chain of command, loyalty to the brotherhood/sisterhood, and the emphasis on resilience, likely amplify these responses. This study adds to the mounting evidence showcasing gaps in assessing hazing within the U.S. Military. It emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive hazing prevention program. Presently, prevention relies on mandatory training, often integrated into safety briefings or harassment workshops. However, service members require further assistance in recognizing, rejecting, and reporting instances of hazing despite these trainings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay demonstrates how wartime objects can have a special resonance in families as keepers of memory, and it especially explores the role of daughters of military participants in preserving the artifacts of their veteran fathers. Using several case studies from a recent public history project collecting objects and object stories in the American southwest, it argues that a focus on daughters as caretakers of family military history offers a new way to engage with descendants' histories by showing how the work of such women can contribute to our understanding of modern war and its legacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National initiatives such as ' Joining Forces ' and the ' Have you ever served in the military? ' campaign increased awareness of the needs of the military and veteran population. Yet, empirical evidence suggests that nurses and other healthcare providers continue to report insufficient cultural competency, as well as knowledge and awareness of unique healthcare needs to provide optimal care to this population. The study purposes were to explore nurses' and nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and comfort levels to care for veterans and their family, identify potential factors associated with these outcome measures, and examine the relationships between knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and comfort. A quantitative, cross-sectional study design guided an online survey of 153 respondents. The military and veteran family cultural competency model provided a theoretical foundation. Overall, the confidence in skills and abilities, and comfort levels on addressing military culture, providing care, and discussing health issues increases as participants' gain knowledge and awareness of the military. Having an immediate family member(s) who served in the military was a significant factor related to confidence. Nursing students and nurses in practice need education aimed at addressing the veteran care competencies, specifically military/veteran culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature and pattern of sustenance of democratic rule in Nigeria since the inception of the fourth republic which followed the exit of military rulers in 1999 have continued to generate scholarly debates. The conundrum of whether or not the country has freed itself from the ominous influence of the culture of military rule is a huge concern. Using former President Obasanjo and current President Buhari as case studies, this article examines the extent to which the reemergence of Nigeria's former military Heads of State as civilian administrators since 1999 has affected constitutionalism and democratization in Nigeria's political leadership. The patterns of administration of civilian government as well as democratic infractions of both regimes are considered. The paper relies on secondary data and the descriptive method of analysis. The Military Transition Model, a strand of Transition Theory, was used as a framework for further clarification. Rather than improve on the tenets of democracy, findings show that elements of absolutism and arbitrary rule are strongly perceptible. There are no convincing proofs that the reappearance of Nigeria's former military rulers into political leadership is reinforcing the country's long awaited democratization processes. The current political leadership in Nigeria has not demonstrated sufficient political will to eschew the dregs of contempt for rule of law. The study concludes that problems of democratic infractions are prevalent in the current political system largely due to the persisting influence of military culture of political leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess injured military veterans' experiences, beliefs, and daily physical and psychosocial functioning in relation to food and nutrition. We used a convergent mixed-methods study design and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health to operationalize the core constructs and influencing factors related to physical and psychosocial functioning, food, and nutrition. Three Veterans Affairs polytrauma rehabilitation centers. Veterans who served in the United States military on or after September 11, 2001, and whose medical diagnoses met the criteria for polytrauma; at least 1 mild traumatic brain injury and at least 1 associated comorbidity (eg, posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic musculoskeletal pain, vestibular disturbances), for a total N of 43. None. Themes from survey responses and semistructured interview data were pooled into core constructs and influencing factors. Thirty-seven veterans completed all surveys and participated in recorded interviews. Based on qualitative and quantitative data, veterans' relation to food and nutrition (ie, nutritional functioning) was found to be characterized by 5 core constructs, including food background, nutrition knowledge, meal aptitude, resource navigation, and navigation to/of food spaces. Nutritional functioning was found to be shaped by 5 influencing factors, including injuries and health conditions, ideological and cultural exposures, relations, current beliefs, and current behaviors. Nutritional functioning (food background, nutrition knowledge, meal aptitude, resource navigation, navigation to/of food spaces) among injured veterans is complex and shaped by multiple physical, psychosocial, economic, and cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates Japanese popular culture, focusing on manga as a central cultural product that offers rich narrative and visual content that reflects both universal and culturally specific themes. One key concept explored in this study is yakuwarigo, or "role language", a linguistic phenomenon where specific speech patterns convey a character's social role, age, gender, or personality. Yakuwarigo serves as a tool for character development, allowing readers to infer traits through language. The research includes a pragma-linguistic analysis of yakuwarigo in manga, focusing on the speech of military leaders. Using Erwin Smith's communication acts from Shingeki no Kyojin ('Atacul titanilor') as a case study, the analysis examines how his speech patterns shift between formal, honorific language when addressing superiors and direct, motivational language with subordinates. This duality highlights the adaptability and strategic clarity of his role as a leader. The study also evaluates the Romanian translations of his addresses, assessing how effectively they retain the original pragmatic and linguistic nuances, thus contributing to the understanding of cultural and linguistic transfer in manga translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the period of communist rule in Poland, the problem of suicide within the ranks of the Polish armed forces was treated as an embarrassing secret. Official ideology considered this problem as out of step with the 'socialist morality' of the army, a contrast to the past horrors of the so-called 'Prussian drill'. The problem of suicide in the army was well-known during the Stalinist period, but military institutions only started to investigate its causes in the early 1960s. These investigations were hampered by the many dysfunctional tendencies in the organizational culture of the Polish army at this time, and they were ultimately incapable of solving the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a specialization blended immersion course in social work with military, veterans, and their families that includes a 3-unit elective course for Master of Social Work (MSW) students incorporating a virtual (i.e. synchronous) class component and an eight-day visit to the Washington DC area. Data collection from over 60 students over a four-year period was collected, and mixed methods analysis indicated success in knowledge acquisition related to social work practice and policy with military and veteran communities. This study supports other research findings on the usefulness of immersion experiences in acclimating students to different cultures, in this case, military culture. Additionally, as today's digital education platform evolves in light of COVID-19 more students are engaged in online education. As such, this paper describes a framework for combining methods of instruction, such as blended and immersive experiences, that can be useful for social work education and in advancing practice in working with these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the association between corporate violations and executives who formerly served in the military, using a sample of A‐share listed firms in China from 2004 to 2018. We find that firms led by ex‐military executives are less likely to incur corporate violations. Further tests indicate that where there is a negative relationship this association is more pronounced for non‐financial corporate violations than for cases involving financial fraud. We also confirm that the association between corporate misconduct and firms with ex‐military executives is more significant if the firm has insufficient external oversight. The results are robust to a series of robustness tests. Overall, our results suggest that executives' exposure to military culture has a governance effect in regulating corporate behaviour and outcomes in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada's defence policy, Strong, Secure, Engaged, emphasizes the importance of leveraging Canada's diversity to strengthen the Canadian Armed Forces. Currently, women in the Canadian military are underrepresented across most elements and occupations, especially in the combat arms occupations, including among officers and non-commissioned personnel in combat units such as infantry, armored corps, artillery, and combat engineering. Research suggests that the benefits associated with the inclusion of women in combat arms occupations include an increase in collective intelligence, operational effectiveness, task cohesion, and diversity. This article explores the gender gap in the Canadian combat arms by examining the findings from two recent qualitative research studies on the perceptions of women in the Regular Force and Primary Reserve. The authors analyze female military personnel's perceptions of women serving in the combat arms, and the ways to increase their inclusion in the military. The key findings reveal the following themes on women's perceptions of servicewomen in the combat arms: great job for those who want it; challenging environment (e.g., working within a masculinized culture, necessary toughness, tokenism and the "Pink List," being treated differently, and family loyalty); unique challenges faced by women in combat roles; combat takes a toll on women's mental and physical health; and benefits of women's participation in multinational operations. The discussion highlights the need to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion, promote a culture change that fosters greater inclusion of women in the combat arms, and increase operational effectiveness through training and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Russian occupation policy in Ukraine as an adaptive tactic of Russia's grand strategy and a manifestation of its military culture. Based on a comparative analysis of the Russian occupation policy during the hybrid and conventional stages of the Russian-Ukrainian war, including the employment of a de facto state playbook, we find both continuity and shifts in Russia's approach. Although the main shift lies in the change of Russia's conflict management in neighboring countries from reactive to proactive, the main continuities are the subordination of occupation policy to Russia's geostrategic interests and path dependence in its military culture, which together lead to the employment of brutal violence against civilians and the demodernization of occupied territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of two contemporary German films on the war in Afghanistan – Auslandseinsatz (Till Endemann, 2012) and Zwischen Welten (Feo Aladag, 2014) – through the philosophical lens of the 'just war theory', this article discusses how the classic genre of the 'boots on the ground' war film is used to reflect on the ethical justifiability of military force in the context of Germany's strategic culture at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The article argues that these two films are paradigmatic examples of a new and specifically German subgenre of the war film I suggest calling the 'humanitarian military film' that has its roots in the particular historical constellation that led to the development of the country's current military culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine how college students perceive and experience learning with military student peers in traditional undergraduate college classrooms. A mixed method approach was selected, using an online survey that included the nine-item questionnaire Military Culture Certificate Program (MCCP) assessment scale survey. Data were collected from 255 students who took part in the survey, which assessed nonmilitary students' knowledge of the unique military culture and environment, deployment dynamics, family dynamics, military ethics, behavioral and physical health issues, and combat experiences. A follow-up focus group solicited qualitative data from six nonmilitary affiliated students pertaining to their individual lived experiences and classroom interactions with their military student peers. Qualitative data from the focus group suggested that almost half of the students respected the experience of being deployed, based on the self-observations of family members. They also reported an understanding of the impact military life has on family members. Several qualitative themes emerged in the focus group responses, all of which have implications for improving cultural competence in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war requires changes in the approaches to the training of military leaders. The article proposes a model for the formation of leadership qualities of future officers, leaders of the new generation, in higher educational institutions. It is based on the value-competency approach to military leadership. The formation of leadership behavior, according to the authors, is achieved through the observance of values, the formation and development of professional and personal competences, and the acquisition of experience. The basis of this model consists of interrelated blocks: educational process, practical experience, mentoring, self-management. The authors emphasize that the new military culture of leadership must be based on national culture and universal human values. The formation of a new style of military leadership takes place in the process of transformation of professional culture based on Euro-Atlantic principles, using the experience of combat operations, training methods, NATO principles and standards. The article describes the formation of leadership competencies of cadets during the educational process. The important place of this formation is given to problematization and reflection of training. Attention is drawn to the fact that the combat experience of servicemen acquired in battles with the Russian aggressor is included in the content part of educational disciplines, when developing cases, situational tasks, and exercises. When gaining practical experience in the process of everyday activities, internships in command positions, cadets develop organizational and communication skills, taking responsibility for management decisions, such qualities as: stress resistance, initiative, creativity, humanity, determination, ambition, mobility are manifested. Mentoring is considered as an element of the transfering of positive life, military, combat experience, which allows cadets to form their life position. An important place in the development of modern leaders is occupied by cadet self-government and self-development, which is designed to teach cadets to achieve their goals, and enables them to feel themselves active participants in management. The implementation of this model must ensure a continuous process of formation, development and self-improvement of military leaders based on values, professional and personal competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gender Advisors (GENADs) have played a key role in the efforts of military organizations worldwide to integrate gender perspectives, and culture change, within the defence and security context. Military organizations, however, continue to face challenges in regard to diversity and inclusion, including limited representation of women and other diverse groups who do not fit the white male, masculine stereotype, and subtle and overt expressions of prejudice and stigma towards under-represented and marginalized groups. In such an organizational context, the integration of gender perspectives has faced challenges, and transformative culture change has remained elusive. In particular, the experience of GENADs suggests that there may be unique challenges to serving as "gender experts" within military organizations. This paper, therefore, examines the lived experience of GENADs within the context of military organizations, as illustrated by GENADs in the Canadian Armed Forces. Methods: We consider two qualitative studies on the lived experience of GENADs and focus on the shared theme of legitimacy of gender expertise at both individual and systemic levels. Results: This analysis highlights challenges that gendered power relations may pose for GENADs as individual change agents, and for systemic, transformative culture change, within existing military organizations, while reaffirming the importance of understanding the lived experience of GENADs in their pursuit of more equitable institutional and operational outcomes. Conclusion: Using social-psychological theories of tokenism, we consider more broadly what it means to be the gender person within masculinized military organizations and conclude with reflections on the potential contours of transformative culture change within the military context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The military to civilian transition process is often associated with a negative impact on psychosocial functioning. Contemporary approaches to understand this are moving away from focussing on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to examine the military cultural and environmental impacts of service. Schema theory can provide a useful conceptual framework for understanding these issues. The aim of this study was to explore Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) across three samples: transitioned military personnel, veterans and first responders with PTSD, and general adults. Method: This cross-sectional research used a transitioned military sample recruited specifically for this study (N = 94) and two comparison samples of veterans and first responders diagnosed with PTSD (N = 218), and general adults (N = 264) from previous research. Participants completed a Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). Independent t-tests were conducted to compare the three samples. Results: Transitioned military personnel were significantly higher than the general adults on the EMS of Vulnerability to Harm, Entitlement, Emotional Inhibition, Punitiveness and Unrelenting Standards and lower on the schema of Enmeshment. Transitioned military personnel were significantly lower than the PTSD sample on 11 out of the 18 EMS. Conclusions: The cluster of EMS evident in the transitioned military sample were conceptualised as 'The Military Mode'. This conceptual framework can be used to understand the psycho-social issues experienced by transitioned military personnel and to inform interventions to promote successful transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]