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Introduction: Thymus is the central lymphoid organ responsible for proper immune cell maturation, hence ensuring functional T cell repertoire. Stress induces elevated levels of hormones that profoundly alter immune response. Susceptibility to physiologically synthesised and exogenously applied glucocorticoids make thymus an ideal substrate for anatomical and morphological analysis. Aim: Our research aimed to investigate the impact of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids on thymus weight level. Material and methods: Experimental procedure was conducted on male Wistar rats, 12 in total, divided into 2 groups - control and experimental. Latter was exposed to two kinds of stressors. Acute stress included immobilization with exposure to the predator's odor. Chronic social stress included rotation of the animals held in pairs. On the 11th day of the experimental procedure, half of the experimental group received dexamethasone treatment (impact of endogenous + exogenous glucocorticoids) while the other half did not (impact of endogenous glucocorticoids). After the experiment, animals were sacrificed and their thymuses were obtained and measured. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used to test differences between groups and LSD test for each group testing. Results: Results showed statistically significant differences between the thymus mass of different groups (F=4.336, p=0.048). The part of the experimental group that received dexamethasone had a smaller thymus weight level compared to the part of the experimental group that received no treatment (p=0.024). No statistically relevant results were obtained after comparing thymus masses from impact of endogenous glucocorticoids and control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Exogenous glucocorticoids induce morphological changes in thymus which are observed in decreased weight level. Stress induced thymus apoptosis, but it was not sufficient to lead to decrease in thymic mass. Our further experiments will put emphasis on understanding of morphological and anatomical changes caused by stress.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a mental disorder that occurs after life threatening situations. Animal models in psychiatry studies represent a base from which results and conclusions can be translated to human population. Amygdala and hippocampus are important neuroanatomical substrates possibly relevant to PTSD pathogenesis. Aim: The aim of study was to investigate volumetric changes that occur in hippocampus and amygdala related to PTSD animal model. Material and methods: Experiment was conducted on adult male Wistar rats. They were two groups, experimental and control. Experimental paradigm lasted for 31 days during which animals were exposed to acute and chronic stress. Acute stress was performed on the first day and ten days later. In between, animals were exposed to chronic social stress by pair rotations. Before second acute stress exposure, experimental group was divided in two subgroups from which one received dexamethasone dose. After the experiment ended, animals were sacrificed and the brain was extracted. Following the freezing process, brain tissue samples were cut and prepared for microscopy using. This was followed by volumetric analysis of hippocampus and amygdala. Measurements were performed bilaterally using Image Tool 3.0 Software. Results: Results showed volumetric changes in these structures. Hippocampus had smaller volume in the experimental subgroup without dexamethasone (x̄ = 0.6144) compared to the control group (x̄ = 0.9688). Amygdala, as well, had smaller volumes in same subgroup compared to the control (x̄ = 10.0156 compared to x̄ = 11.5041). Conclusion: Our study provided results in agreement with several previous studies on rodents and contributes to the assumption that hippocampus and amygdala have significance in PTSD etiology. Further goal is to expand our study which will help us to better understand the disorder itself.

Na području Ribarskog ostrva u Novom Sadu, osmišljen je prostor za praktikovanje jednog od danas popularnijih sportova na vodi, a to jeste kajakaštvo. Detaljnim analizama kako samog sporta, nakon toga i lokacije na kojoj se dati objekat planira a sve to praćeno i studijama slučaja, dolazi se do skladnog rješenja koji upotpunjava program samog projektnog zadatka. Budući da se na području Novog Sada nalaze već dva manja kluba, planirani objekat će pospješiti razvoj datog sporta na području Novom Sada, a svojom formom materijalizacijom i samim položajem predstavljati i jedan od atraktivnijih dijelova na samom ostrvu.

We address a class of authentication protocols called &ldquo, HB&rdquo, ones and the man-in-the-middle (MIM) attack, reported at the ASIACRYPT conference, called OOV-MIM (Ouafi-Overbeck-Vaudenay MIM). Analysis of the considered attack and its systematic experimental evaluation are given. It is shown that the main component of OOV-MIM, the algorithm for measuring the Hamming weight of noise vectors, outputs incorrect results as a consequence of the employed approximation of the probability distributions. The analysis reveals that, practically, the only scenario in which the OOV-MIM attack is effective is the one in which two incorrect estimations produced by the algorithm for measuring the Hamming weight, when coupled, give the correct result. This paper provides additional insights into the OOV-MIM and corrected claims about the performance/complexity showing that the performances of the considered attack have been overestimated, i.e., that the complexity of the attack has been underestimated. Particularly, the analysis points out the reasons for the incorrect claims and to the components of the attack that do not work as expected.

International audience; The CENDARI infrastructure is a research-supporting platform designed to provide tools for transnational historical research, focusing on two topics: medieval culture and World War I. It exposes to the end users modern Web-based tools relying on a sophisticated infrastructure to collect, enrich, annotate, and search through large document corpora. Supporting researchers in their daily work is a novel concern for infrastructures. We describe how we gathered requirements through multiple methods to understand historians' needs and derive an abstract workflow to support them. We then outline the tools that we have built, tying their technical descriptions to the user requirements. The main tools are the note-taking environment and its faceted search capabilities; the data integration platform including the Data API, supporting semantic enrichment through entity recognition; and the environment supporting the software development processes throughout the project to keep both technical partners and researchers in the loop. The outcomes are technical together with new resources developed and gathered, and the research workflow that has been described and documented.

We describe one probabilistic approach to classification of a set of objects when a classification criterion can be represented as a propositional formula. It is well known that probability measures are not truth functional. However, if μ is any probability measure and α is any propositional formula, μ(α) is uniquely determined by the μ-values of conjunctions of pairwise distinct propositional letters appearing in α. In order to infuse truth functionality in the generation of finitely additive probability measures, we need to find adequate binary operations on [0,1] that will be truth functions for finite conjunctions of pairwise distinct propositional letters. The natural candidates for such truth functions are t-norms. However, not all t-norms will generate a finitely additive probability measure. We show that Godel’s t-norm and product t-norm, as well as their linear convex combinations, can be used for the extension of any evaluation of propositional letters to finitely additive probability measure on formulas. We also present a software for classification of patients with suspected systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE), which implements the proposed probabilistic approach.