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Introduction: Despite the important role of general KRAS mutational status in the selection of an adequate therapeutic protocol in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), studies that focus on its specific mutations and their significance on progression of disease are scarce. This study aimed to determine the significance of specific KRAS mutations in response to standard chemotherapy protocols with oxaliplatin-based (FOLFOX 4, OXFL) in the first-line and irinotecan-based chemotherapy (FOLFIRI, IFL) in the second-line therapy, and to evaluate the correlation between these mutations and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients.

Entrepreneurship development represents one of the very important factors in the development of economies in transition. Bearing in mind that most of these economies still have a significant share of agricultural products in the structure of production and exports, special attention should be paid to the development of entrepreneurship in the field of agriculture. The research results in this paper indicate that the share of entrepreneurs in this business activity in the total number of entrepreneurs is extremely low, as well as that their share in employment in state subventions is also low, and it can be concluded that entrepreneurship in agriculture is still not sufficiently developed. By using PROMETHEE and the entropy method, a comparative analysis of the performance of entrepreneurs in this sector and entrepreneurs in other business activities within the real sector of the economy was performed and it was concluded that the key limitations in the business operations of these entrepreneurs are inefficient funds management and high indebtedness.

Gaspard Monge is known as the father of modern descriptive and differential geometry. In 1764, he was engaged to draw a detailed plan of a fortification in his hometown, which was seen by an officer at the École Royale du Génie de Mézières. This plan was a success and his techniques were marked as a military secret for a long period of time. In 1780, he was elected to the Academy of Science and participated in the work of the Commission for Weights and Measures, that was in charge of moving the system from imperial to metric. In 1794, Monge helped setting up the École Centrale des Travaux Publics (later École Polytechnique) where he was lecturing Descriptive Geometry. In 1798, Napoleon undertook a campaign in Egypt. The famous chemist Claude Louis Berthollet was asked to recruit prominent scientists. Among them were Fourier, Monge, Dolomieu and Malus. Institut d'Egypte was established by Napoleon and Monge was named as its first president. Monge passed away on July 28, 1818. His name is inscribed on the base of the Eiffel Tower and it is located on the third façade opposite the Military Academy. Besides descriptive geometry, he carried on many different researches in chemistry and physics.

This paper presents the methods of the subjective approach in determining the criteria weights. The compensatory and noncompensatory methods for determining the criteria weights are briefly summarized. Determining the criteria weight using pairwise comparisons and rankings is elaborated in detail. Possible ways of determining the criteria weight in a group environment are presented in the last part of the paper. A subjective approach includes an impact of the decision maker on the criteria weights, and therefore on the final solution of multicriteria problems. In contrast to the objective approach, some methods of the subjective approach do not require the existence of a decision matrix. The main aim of this paper is a systematic review of possible ways of determining the criteria weights by the decision maker or more participants in the decision process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an objective approach to determining criteria weights that can be successfully used in multiple criteria models. The methods of entropy, CRITIC and FANMA are presented in this paper as well as a possible combination of the methods of objective and subjective approaches. Although based on different theoretical settings, and therefore with different algorithms of realization, all methods have a decision matrix as a starting point. An objective approach to determining the weight of criteria eliminates the negative impacts of a decision maker on criteria weights as well as on the final solution of multicnteria problems. The main aim of this paper is to systematize description procedures as a kind of help when encountering a problem of determining the criteria weights for solving multicriteria tasks. A possibility of the method application is shown in a numerica example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the inflammatory process endothelial cells are activated and a proadherent ability is assumed. The synthesis of reactive oxygen metabolites, which follows the immunological processes, can cause oxidative damage to endothelial cells leading to the clinical expression of disease including a variety of skin manifestations. In this study the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and the malondialdehyde concentration were examined in 36 children with inflammation-mediated damage to microvascular endothelial cells. On the basis of clinical manifestations the studied children were divided into 4 groups (1st group-macular skin manifestations, 2nd group-maculo-papular skin manifestations, 3rd group-papular skin manifestations, 4th group- erythematous skin manifestations). All the examined children showed symptoms of inflammation (mainly respiratory tract infections) with leukocytosis and monocytosis before actual skin manifestations took place. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in three groups of patients, except in the group with erythematous skin manifestations. Catalase activity was significantly increased in all the groups compared to the control group. The values of malondialdehyde were significantly increased in the groups of children with maculopapular and erythematous skin manifestations. The results have confirmed the presence of a changed antioxidant enzyme pattern indicating oxidative stress during inflammatory endothelial cells injury. Malondialdehyde was not an adequate parameter in its evaluation.

INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth and is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. The onset and progression of periodontal disease is attributed to the presence of elevated levels of a consortium of pathogenic bacteria. Gram negative bacteria, mainly strict anaerobes, play the major role. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess the presence of the main types of microorganisms involved in the aetiopathogenesis of periodontal disease: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Treponema denticola, Tanerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia in different samples collected from the oral cavity of 90 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. METHOD Bacterial DNA detection was performed in diverse biological materials, namely in dental plaque, gingival tissue and saliva, by means of multiplex PCR, a technique that allows simultaneous identification of two different bacterial genomes. RESULTS In the dental plaque of the periodontitis patients, Treponema denticola dominated. In the gingival tissue, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola were the microbiota most frequently detected, whilst in saliva Treponema denticola and Eikenella corrodens were found with the highest percentage. CONCLUSION The identification of microorganisms by multiplex PCR is specific and sensitive. Rapid and precise assessment of different types of periodontopathogens is extremely important for early detection of the infection and consequently for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. In everyday clinical practice, for routine bacterial evaluation in patients with periodontal disease, the dental plaque is the most suitable biological material, because it is the richest in periodontal bacteria.

Background: The objective of this study was assasment of women's knowledge and awareness on medication and herbal remedies use during pregnancy., Subjects and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Clinical Hospital Mostar. The study included 230 parturients (primipara) and 20 pharmacists who work in pharmacies of Mostar. Collected and analyzed data was based on a questionnaire of 25 questions., Results: Out of total number of respondents (N =230), 159 of them (69.1%) used some vitamin or mineral product, 44.8% of respondents had problems with morning sickness and vomiting, but they did not use any medication in pregnancy. Higher educated respondents used folic acid more often (p=0.005), they knew the benefits of using folic acid (p<0.001) and magnesium during pregnancy (p=0.002) and they were familiar with harmful effect of alcohol and cigarettes consumption during pregnancy (p=0.005) so as with harmful effect of excessive quantity of vitamin A (p=0.037), they were more familiar with harmful effect of herbal remedies and at least one harmful herb compared to less educated respondents (p<0.001)., Conclusion: There is lack of knowledge and unawareness on harmful effect of medication use and herbal remedies during pregnancy.

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically determined autoimmune enteropathy, induced by gluten ingestion. To date, different prevalences of CD in children with epilepsy have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine CD prevalence in our patients with epilepsy, using anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies as a screening test. One hundred twenty-five children (72 girls, 53 boys; age range: 2-18 years, mean age: 10.51 +/- 3.53) with idiopathic epilepsy from South East Serbia were tested for immunoglobulin (IgA) tTG antibodies. All positive patients were offered endoscopic small bowel biopsy. Biopsies were examined histopathologically in order to confirm the CD diagnosis. The control group consisted of 150 healthy children. Three patients with epilepsy were positive for IgA tTG antibodies. In all of them, small bowel biopsy was performed, and only one was proven to have CD by histopathology (Marsh IIIa grade). The prevalence of biopsy-proven CD in children with epilepsy was not significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (0.8% vs.0.6%, p > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that children with idiopathic epilepsy from our region should not be routinely tested for CD.

Background: The association between celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is well known. Up to now, CD prevalence in children and adolescents with T1DM in Serbia has not been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine CD prevalence and its clinical manifestations in patients with T1DM., Methods: One hundred and twenty-one patients (70 girls, 51 boys; mean age, 10.8 years) with T1DM (mean duration of diabetes, 3.4 years) and 125 control group participants (75 girls, 50 boys; mean age, 10.4 years) were tested for CD on tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG). In seven serologically positive T1DM patients endoscopic small bowel biopsies were taken and examined on histopathology. In all patients with CD and T1DM age, duration of T1DM, height for age, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin and clinical symptoms were noted., Results: Nine patients with T1DM were positive on IgA tTG antibodies. In seven of them small bowel biopsy was performed, and all were proven to have CD on histopathology. The prevalence of biopsy-proven CD in children and adolescents with T1DM was significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (5.79%. vs 0.8%, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The significantly higher prevalence of CD in children with type 1 diabetes, in accordance with the large volume of data published in the literature, underlines the need for yearly screening of CD in patients with diabetes in order to promptly start a gluten-free diet when appropriate., (© 2010 Japan Pediatric Society.)

War veterans diagnosed with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience serious difficulties in social, professional and family life. Consequently, their wives often become indirect victims of their husbands' dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess the caregiver burden and burnout level in partners of veterans suffering from PTSD, especially in cases where partners suffer from their own PTSD symptoms. The experimental group consisted of 154 wives or partners of war veterans treated for PTSD caused by the war trauma in University Hospital Mostar. The control group was made of 77 wives or partners of war veterans without PTSD. The study was based on the General Demographic Questionnaire, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Bosnia-Herzegovina version, Caregiving and the Experience of Subjective and Objective Burden and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The wives of PTSD affected veterans scored significantly higher in all subscales of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire and the Burnout Inventory. The results indicated that subjective demand burden, subjective stress and burnout were significantly higher in relationships in which both partners suffer from PTSD compared to couples in which only the veteran suffers from PTSD and couples in which none of the partners has PTSD. Living with a veteran diagnosed with PTSD places a heavy burden on the wife and poses a serious risk of burnout, which has to be taken into account in treatment planning.

Unlabelled: Invagination is specific form of bowel opstruction that is seen in 1-4 children per 1000 births, usually in the period from 3 to 12 months of age. In 90-95 % reason for invagination in unknown so we called this forms idiopathic. In 5-10% invagination is caused by specific leading point. THE AIM of this retrospective study was to determinate prognostic valye of used biochemical tests (hemograms, glucosa, electrolites ( levels of Na+, K+, Ca+ and Cl-) and to prove bad influence of existing "leading point" in therapy of invagination (weather it will be surgical or hydrostatic desinvagination)., Methods: We analised 65 patients with invagination. We devided all our patients into 2 groups: first group consisted patients with idiopathic forms of invagination, and the other one were patients with invagination coused by specific leading point. RESULTS proved that leading point in invagination has great implications on clinical presentation, laboratory results, diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, and finaly in prognosis.