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Supracondylar fractures are the most common elbow injuries in children and are associated with prolonged morbidity due to possible complications that can lead to deformity. The decision on the treatment method is made based on Gartland's classification (I, II, III and IV types) and the treatment can be non-operative (I and II type) and operative (III and IV type). When it comes to the percutaneous method, the main dilemma for its implementation is related to pinning from the medial side of the elbow because there is a high possibility of injury to the n. ulnaris which, according to data from the literature, occurs in some 15% of cases. The aim of treatment is pain relief and maintenance of the patient's functional status. The case presented in this paper represents a patient with whom the clinician is most likely to encounter and shows the clinical assessment of the patient's condition, the way of deciding on the treatment method and the outcome of the treatment undertaken. Agirl, 8 years old, was injured when she fell while playing. At the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Hospital Center Kosovska Mitrovica, the patient was clinically and radiographically examined, and the injury was defined as a supracondylar fracture type III according to Gartland. After adequate preoperative preparation under general anesthesia, without the use of a drape - Turniquet, with the use of a C-bow, repositioning is performed and after obtaining a satisfactory position of the fragments, they are fixed percutaneously with 3 Kirschner needles, two medially and one laterally. The patient was discharged 3 days after admission with controls performed for 7 days. The Kirschner pins were removed on the 5th week after the operation and physical treatment was started, after which the movements of flexion and extension as well as pronation and supination were fully restored. Similar results are found in the literature. This information can be helpful in advising parents about what to expect after their child's injury. Also, they represent evidence of good clinical practice for orthopedic doctors and physiotherapists.

Igor M Pongrac,1 Ivan Pavičić,2 Mirta Milić,2 Lada Brkič Ahmed,1 Michal Babič,3 Daniel Horák,3 Ivana Vinković Vrček,2 Srećko Gajović1 1School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 2Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Abstract: Biocompatibility, safety, and risk assessments of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are of the highest priority in researching their application in biomedicine. One improvement in the biological properties of SPIONs may be achieved by different functionalization and surface modifications. This study aims to investigate how a different surface functionalization of SPIONs – uncoated, coated with D-mannose, or coated with poly-L-lysine – affects biocompatibility. We sought to investigate murine neural stem cells (NSCs) as important model system for regenerative medicine. To reveal the possible mechanism of toxicity of SPIONs on NSCs, levels of reactive oxygen species, intracellular glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell-membrane potential, DNA damage, and activities of SOD and GPx were examined. Even in cases where reactive oxygen species levels were significantly lowered in NSCs exposed to SPIONs, we found depleted intracellular glutathione levels, altered activities of SOD and GPx, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, dissipated cell-membrane potential, and increased DNA damage, irrespective of the surface coating applied for SPION stabilization. Although surface coating should prevent the toxic effects of SPIONs, our results showed that all of the tested SPION types affected the NSCs similarly, indicating that mitochondrial homeostasis is their major cellular target. Despite the claimed biomedical benefits of SPIONs, the refined determination of their effects on various cellular functions presented in this work highlights the need for further safety evaluations. This investigation helps to fill the knowledge gaps on the criteria that should be considered in evaluating the biocompatibility and safety of novel nanoparticles. Keywords: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, biocompatibility, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, murine neural stem cells

The term 'acute myocardial infarction ' is used when there is evidence of myocardial necrosis in a situation when the clinical picture suggests myocardial ischemia. Average per year in the world of acute myocardial infarction fall ill 6 million people, lethality occur in over 25% of cases. Identification of the most important epidemiological characteristics of myocardial infarction in the Serbian areas of Kosovo and Metohija. In paper we used an epidemiological cross sectional study (cross -sectional). During the period of 2004-2011 in Kosovo and Metohija (Serbian areas) reported a total of 421 patients with acute myocardial infarction . The ratio of male patients compared to the number of female patients is 2,69:1 . The largest number of patients (92) and the highest non-standardized incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction (59.13/100000 population) are registered in 2008th year. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction showed a statistically significant correlation with patients ' age and gender (chi-square=21.39 , df=1 , p

In the diagnostic algorithm, abdominal ultrasound is not the method of choice in detecting malignancies of the colon. However, in practice, with unclear clinical symptoms and without hemoccult test, abdominal ultrasound is often the first step in the diagnosis. Our experience indicates that abdominal ultrasound, as the first diagnostic method, gives good results in the detection of colon tumor mutation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of echotomography, as the first diagnostic method in detecting colon cancer. During the past six months, in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology University Hospital 'Dr Dragisa Mišović' in 14 patients were detected tumors the colon. In 11 patients, abdominal ultrasound was first applied diagnostic method. All patients made a Hemoccult test, CT of the abdomen and pelvis and endoscopy with biopsy. The histopathological findings corresponded to adenocarcinoma. Ultrasound diagnosis is performed on the camera brand Toshiba. Echotomographicaly in 11 of the 14 patients it was observed a thickening of the colon wall, with suspected characters infiltration of the wall. Solid mass, hypo-heteroehogenog looks were observed in 11 patients, vague form of the intestinal lumen in 9 patients, the jagged edges of a suspected infiltration in 6 patients, the air trapped in the tumor (pseudotumor) weight in 6 patients, pathologically altered regional lymph nodes were observed in 3 patient, and the presence of the distal scattering diseases, in the form of secondary deposits in the liver, in 4 patient. Tumor mass greater than 5 cm was observed in 8 patients. Sensitivity of this performed echotomographic diagnosis was 78.6%, specificity 83.3%, positive predictive value 68.7%, negative predictive value of 89.3%, while the accuracy of the diagnosis made was 81.8%. Echotomography as the first diagnostic step, contributing to establishing the final diagnosis. It is important in evaluation of diagnostical and therapeutical cost-benefit, with shorter diagnostic treatment, which leads to endoscopy, and in the clinical assessment of the ex­tent of the underlying disease, considering insufficient availability of CT examinations in our conditions.

Increased electromagnetic contamination of the environment accompanied with the amplified miniaturization of electronic components underline the issue of the reliable operation of electronics. Reliability is of utmost importance in special applications such as medical instruments, nuclear installations, fusion experiments, etc., where larger magnetic fields occur during operation. Therefore, the interest for insulation components that consistently protect instrumentation from overvoltage is growing. This paper deals with the effects important for the stability of a gas surge arrester, the most commonly used low-voltage component for the overvoltage protection. The effect of the magnetic field on DC and the impulse breakdown of noble gases is investigated. For the theoretical interpretation of the obtained results, the spectrum of free electron gas was determined, which enabled the evaluation of a new expression for the first Townsend coefficient. The results obtained in that way were verified through comparison with theoretically calculated results. Experiments were carried out under well-controlled laboratory conditions.

In the previous period, research was carried out with a focus on the application of various types of microbiological preparations in order to influence their possible influence on the morphological, productive and qualitative properties of industrial plants. Research was conducted in the period from 2015 to 2023 both in the open field and in laboratory conditions. In the group of industrial plants, oil, protein, medicinal, aromatic and spice plants were investigated. This paper shows the influence of certain biopreparations on the treatment of organic soybean seeds before sowing and during cultivation. For that purpose, mixtures of microbiological strains (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus amiloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megatherium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azotobacter chroococum) were used, with the addition of liquid fertilizers of plant origin enriched with K, Ca and Mg. The use of microbiological strains in the cultivation of organic soybeans has a significant effect on increasing the content of proteins and vegetable oils in soybeans, as well as on the values of morphological parameters and yield in the crop of organically produced soybeans. Microbiological preparations have the potential to contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The use of selected microbiological cultures for treatment during the inoculation of soil and seeds in the cultivation of industrial plants is reflected in the improvement of the nutritional and functional properties of plants, which are an excellent source of valuable food ingredients.

This paper will present the latest research from the current field of mass application of artificial intelligence and Industry 4.0, through the prism of the impact on digital transformation and digital competencies of key users in business. Based on the research of representative foreign and domestic scientific literature, the theoretical foundations of artificial intelligence, digital transformation, and defined digital competence necessary for the age of the information society will evolve. The paper will present concrete cases of the effects of artificial intelligence on application in business through the impact on certain areas of life and work with examples from neighboring countries. This research study defines the concept, highlights the evolution and development of artificial intelligence, digitization process, and digital transformation, through an overview of their key technologies that identifies the role of artificial intelligence as the backbone of digital transformation, explores the trends of the digitization process, highlights key challenges and explores its applications in business and industry 4.0 in European countries with the identification of the impact on everyday life, and the evolution of current trends and challenges.