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Background/Aim. Autoimmune atrophic fundic gastritis induces the pernicious anemia (PA), as well as the changes in both epithelium and endocrine cells of gastric mucosa. The most important complications are: achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, gastric cancer and enterochromaffin-like ( ECL) carcinoid. The aim of this study was to examine ECL carcinoid histogenesis in A-gastritis associated with PA. Methods. During the period from 2000−2006, 65 patients with PA and 30 patients of the control group were examined. Histopathological examination was done in endoscopical biopsies of gastric mucosa fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Paraffin sections were stained with classic hematoxylin-eosin (HE); histochemical AB-PAS (pH 2.5), cytochemical argyrophilic Servier-Munger′s and immunocytochemical PAP methods for G cell identification and chromogranin A antibodies - specific marker for neuroendocrine ECL cells. Both G and ECL cells were counted per 20 fields, of surface 0.0245312 mm2 by a field. Basal gastrin serum levels were also examined by using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The obtained results were statisticaly calculated by using Student΄s t test. Results. Marked antral G cell hyperplasia associated with corporal ECL hyperplasia was found. ECL cell hyperplasia was of simplex, linear, adenomatoid type to the pattern of intramucous ECL cell carcinoid. An average number of G cells was statistically significant in the patients with PA as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) as well as an average number of ECL cells. Conclusion. We concluded that antral G cell hyperplasia accompanied by gastrinemia induces ECL hyperplasia and ECL corporal carcinoid in A-gastritis and that their histogenesis develops trough simple, linear and adenomatoide hyperplasia. .

Introduction In pernicious anemia besides the presence of megaloblasts in the bone marrow, changes in myeloid series were seen: being the most evident among the metamyelocyte. The aim of this study was to perform the quantification of metamyelocyte of the bone marrow in pernicious anemia. Material and methods Between 2000-2006 in the Clinic of Hematology-Nis, 68 patients with pernicious anemia were examined and 30 with dyspeptic syndrome (control group). The group of patients with pernicious anemia in relation to pathohistologic changes of gastric mucosa was divided into three sub-groups. Morphometrical analysis of metamyelocyte of the bone marrow was carried out by the application of the double netlike system (B100). The following parameters were used: relative surface, contour length, absolute surface of nucleus and cytoplasm, absolute contour nucleus and cytoplasm density, shaped nucleus and cytoplasmic factor and nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio of metamyelocytes. Results Relative surface, contour length, absolute surface and contour density of nucleus and cytoplasm of metamyelocytes increased simultaneously with the degree of atrophic gastritis. Shaped nucleus and cytoplasmic factor and nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio of metamyelocytes decreased in all examined groups in relation to the control group. Conclusion Not only are bone marrow erythroid elements scoped with megaloblastic changes but the changes on the level of leukocyte cells as well. The result of this is the phenomena of giant metamyelocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Autoimmune atrophic fundic gastritis induces the pernicious anemia (PA), as well as the changes in both epithelium and endocrine cells of gastric mucosa. The most important complications are: achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, gastric cancer and enterochromaffin-like ( ECL) carcinoid. The aim of this study was to examine ECL carcinoid histogenesis in A-gastritis associated with PA. Methods. During the period from 2000-2006, 65 patients with PA and 30 patients of the control group were examined. Histopathological examination was done in endoscopical biopsies of gastric mucosa fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Paraffin sections were stained with classic hematoxylin-eosin (HE); histochemical AB-PAS (pH 2.5), cytochemical argyrophilic Servier-Munger's and immunocytochemical PAP methods for G cell identification and chromogranin A antibodies - specific marker for neuroendocrine ECL cells. Both G and ECL cells were counted per 20 fields, of surface 0.0245312 mm² by a field. Basal gastrin serum levels were also examined by using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The obtained results were statisticaly calculated by using Student's t test. Results. Marked antral G cell hyperplasia associated with corporal ECL hyperplasia was found. ECL cell hyperplasia was of simplex, linear, adenomatoid type to the pattern of intramucous ECL cell carcinoid. An average number of G cells was statistically significant in the patients with PA as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) as well as an average number of ECL cells. Conclusion. We concluded that antral G cell hyperplasia accompanied by gastrinemia induces ECL hyperplasia and ECL corporal carcinoid in A-gastritis and that their histogenesis develops trough simple, linear and adenomatoide hyperplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel technology of tissue microarray (TMA) allows rapid and cost-effective analysis of hundreds of markers on the same set of specimens. Limited amounts of tissue that could be analyzed and the problem of tissue heterogeneity are the major drawbacks of the TMA technique for immunohistochemical characterization of lymphomas. These problems do not outweigh the enormous advantages of TMA, namely the cost- and time-saving, and the mostly homogeneous results of immunohistochemistry. In Non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), TMA detection of Oct1 and Oct2 immunoglobulin transcription factors and their coactivator BOB1 showed particularly useful in distinguishing T-cell-rich B-cell lymphomas from classical Hodgkin's disease, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphomas. Outcome prediction for subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, using a TMA panel with CD10, Bcl-6 and MUM1, was comparable to results of cDNA microarray analysis. Detection of p53 tumor suppressor gene and Ki-67 proliferation antigen is important for the prognosis of many NHL sybtypes. In spite of their heterogeneity in expression, TMA showed 90 and 92% concordance rate, with conventional tissue sections for p53 and Ki-67 respectively, and that could be sufficient for routine practice. There is no doubt that the widespread use of TMAs will become an integral part of daily practice in research and routine clinical laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In pernicious anemia besides the presence of megaloblasts in the bone marrow, changes in myeloid series were seen; being the most evident among the metamyelocyte. The aim of this study was to perform the quantification of metamyelocyte of the bone marrow in pernicious anemia., Material and Methods: Between 2000-2006 in the Clinic of Hematology-Nis, 68 patients with pernicious anemia were examined and 30 with dyspeptic syndrome (control group). The group of patients with pernicious anemia in relation to pathohistologic changes of gastric mucosa was divided into three sub-groups. Morphometrical analysis of metamyelocyte of the bone marrow was carried out by the application of the double netlike system (B100). The following parameters were used: relative surface, contour length, absolute surface of nucleus and cytoplasm, absolute contour nucleus and cytoplasm density, shaped nucleus and cytoplasmic factor and nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio of metamyelocytes., Results: Relative surface, contour length, absolute surface and contour density of nucleus and cytoplasm of metamyelocytes increased simultaneously with the degree of atrophic gastritis. Shaped nucleus and cytoplasmic factor and nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio of metamyelocytes decreased in all examined groups in relation to the control group., Conclusion: Not only are bone marrow erythroid elements scoped with megaloblastic changes but the changes on the level of leukocyte cells as well. The result of this is the phenomena of giant metamyelocytes.

Acquired factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor causes a rare but life-threatening form of bleeding disorder, owing to the formation of autoantibodies against FVIII. Treatment modalities include the use of immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and i.v. immunoglobulin. The case of a 67-year-old patient with acquired FVIII inhibitor and psoriasis presented us with a serious bleeding complication. Bleeding reacted poorly to therapy with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Treatment with cyclosporin, however, resulted in a prompt and complete response. The lack of side effects and the relatively quick response suggest that cyclosporin A should be tried as a frontline treatment for patients with acquired FVIII inhibitor.