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Resumo O Ministério da Saúde, por intermédio da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e em parceria com a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde construiu e implementou estratégias da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no âmbito do apoio aos gestores locais e em articulação com o Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais (CONASS) e Municipais de Saúde (CONASEMS) para o combate ao COVID-19. Essas ações têm a APS como a grande responsável por diversas áreas e recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros, assim como permite impulsionar o avanço nacional para o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e novas parcerias para realização de pesquisas. Abstract The Ministry of Health, through the Primary Health Care Secretariat and in partnership with the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, built and implemented Primary Health Care (PHC) strategies within the scope of support to local managers and in partnership with the National Health Secretaries Council (CONASS) and the National Municipal Health Secretariats Council (CONASEMS) to combat COVID-19. These actions have PHC as the main responsible for several areas and physical, human, and financial resources, as well as allow boosting national progress towards the use of information and communication technologies and new partnerships for conducting research.

The Ministry of Health, through the Primary Health Care Secretariat and in partnership with the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, built and implemented Primary Health Care (PHC) strategies within the scope of support to local managers and in partnership with the National Health Secretaries Council (CONASS) and the National Municipal Health Secretariats Council (CONASEMS) to combat COVID-19. These actions have PHC as the main responsible for several areas and physical, human, and financial resources, as well as allow boosting national progress towards the use of information and communication technologies and new partnerships for conducting research.O Ministério da Saúde, por intermédio da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e em parceria com a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde construiu e implementou estratégias da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no âmbito do apoio aos gestores locais e em articulação com o Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais (CONASS) e Municipais de Saúde (CONASEMS) para o combate ao COVID-19. Essas ações têm a APS como a grande responsável por diversas áreas e recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros, assim como permite impulsionar o avanço nacional para o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e novas parcerias para realização de pesquisas.

In 1988, Brazil adopted a universal healthcare model in which access is mediated by the primary care level. However, difficulties have emerged in the coordination of care between the primary and specialized levels. Telehealth was thus proposed as a means to overcome this challenge. This article describes initiatives developed by a large Brazilian program, TelessaúdeRS/UFRGS, in the fields of teleconsultation, telediagnosis, tele-education, and information technology development to support the public healthcare system.TelessaúdeRS/UFRGS was established in 2010 to develop a telehealth platform and a support system for primary care teams with a special focus on optimizing the flow between primary and specialized levels of care. To define priorities, TelessaúdeRS analyzes the health needs of the Brazilian population and the most common inquiries it receives from primary care health professionals. This information is then combined with the best available scientific evidence for development of services.Since 2010, over 50,000 clinical consultations have been provided. More than 15,000 healthcare professionals have benefited from teleconsultations and from telediagnosis and tele-education activities. All services were provided using information technology solutions developed by the Telessaúde team, including smartphone apps and a Web-based National Telehealth Platform.The case of TelessaúdeRS/UFRGS shows that even in the presence of structural limitations, telemedicine is potentially useful to improve the quality of care and streamline the flow between different levels of care.

To assess the performance of primary health care (PHC) in Brazil and its association with the More Doctors Program (Programa Mais Médicos, PMM).This nationwide cross-sectional study used the Primary Care Assessment Tool validated for Brazilian Portuguese (PCATool-Brasil) to determine the achievement of PHC according to user experience associated with three physician categories: Brazilian physicians participating in the PMM, Cuban physicians participating in the PMM, and Brazilian physicians not linked to the PMM. The following PHC scores were calculated: overall PCA score, accessibility (first contact), and longitudinality. The association between PHC scores, physician category, and other user and physician characteristics was investigated using multilevel analysis.The overall PCA score for Brazil was 6.78, and the longitudinality score was 7.43. There was no difference in these scores among the three physician categories. The overall accessibility score was 4.24. A small but significant difference (P0.001) in accessibility score was detected among physician categories: 4.43 for Cuban physicians participating in the PMM (CI: 4.32-4.54), 4.08 for Brazilian physicians participating in the PMM(CI: 3.98-4.18), and 4.20 for Brazilian physicians not linked to the PMM (CI: 4.09-4.32). Age, socioeconomic level, presence of chronic diseases, and home visits by physicians positively influenced the overall PCA score on multilevel analysis.The type of physician did not influence the primary care orientation (overall score) of the healthcare system in Brazil. PMM was associated with higher accessibility sores in more socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Multilevel analysis showed that PCH may be strengthened by the reinforcement of essential physician roles (such as home visits) and by improving access for socioeconomically vulnerable, younger populations or those without chronic diseases.Evaluar la calidad de la atención primaria de salud (APS) en Brasil y su relación con el Programa Más Médicos (PMM).Estudio transversal de alcance nacional em el que se utilizó la herramienta PCATool-Brasil para evaluar la calidad de la APS a partir de la experiencia de los usuarios vinculados a tres categorías de médicos: médicos brasileños del PMM, médicos cubanos del PMM y médicos brasileños no vinculados al PMM. Se calcularon los siguientes puntajes: Puntaje general de APS, Puntaje de acceso y Puntaje de longitudinalidad. Se investigaron mediante análisis multinivel la asociación entre el Puntaje general obtenido, la categoría del médico y otras características de los usuarios y los profesionales.El Puntaje general de APS para Brasil fue 6,78, y el Puntaje de longitudinalidad, 7,43. No hubo diferencia entre estos puntajes para las tres categorías de médicos. El Puntaje de acceso para Brasil fue de 4,24 y mostró una diferencia pequeña, pero significativa (p0,001) entre las categorías de médicos: médicos cubanos del PMM 4,43 (IC: 4,32-4,54), médicos brasileños del PMM 4,08 (IC: 3,98-4,18) y médicos brasileños no vinculados al PMM 4,20 (IC: 4,09-4,32). En el análisis multinivel, la edad, el estrato socioeconómico, la presencia de enfermedades crónicas y el hecho de que el médico realizara visitas domiciliarias influyeron positivamente em el Puntaje general.El tipo de médico no influyó en el grado de orientación a los atributos de la APS (Puntaje general) en Brasil. El PMM se asoció com mayores Puntajes de acceso en las regiones de mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. Con el análisis multinivel se identificó que el fortalecimiento de la APS también puede ser alcanzado reforzando los roles fundamentales de los médicos que trabajan en la APS (como las visitas domiciliarias) y mejorando el acceso de las poblaciones de mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y de las personas más jóvenes o sin enfermedades crónicas.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade da atencao primaria a saude (APS) no Brasil e sua associacao com o Programa Mais Medicos (PMM). Metodos Este estudo transversal de abrangencia nacional utilizou a ferramenta PCATool-Brasil para avaliar a qualidade da APS a partir da experiencia dos usuarios vinculados a tres categorias de medicos: medicos brasileiros do PMM, medicos cubanos do PMM e medicos brasileiros nao vinculados ao PMM. Os seguintes escores foram calculados: Escore Geral da APS, Escore de Acesso e Escore de Longitudinalidade. A associacao entre o Escore Geral obtido, a categoria do medico e outras caracteristicas dos usuarios e dos profissionais foi investigada por analise multinivel. Resultados O Escore Geral da APS para o Brasil foi 6,78, e o Escore de Longitudinalidade, 7,43. Nao houve diferenca entre esses escores para as tres categorias de medicos. O Escore de Acesso para o Brasil foi de 4,24, havendo diferenca pequena, mas significativa (P-valor < 0,001), entre as categorias de medicos: medicos cubanos do PMM com 4,43 (IC: 4,32 a 4,54), medicos brasileiros do PMM com 4,08 (IC: 3,98 a 4,18) e medicos brasileiros nao vinculados ao PMM com 4,20 (IC: 4,09 a 4,32). Na analise multinivel, idade, estrato socioeconomico, presenca de doencas cronicas e o fato de o medico realizar visita domiciliar influenciaram positivamente o Escore Geral. Conclusoes O tipo de medico nao influenciou o grau de orientacao aos atributos da APS (Escore Geral) no Brasil. O PMM associou-se a maiores Escores de Acesso em regioes de maior vulnerabilidade socioeconomica. Com a analise multinivel, identificamos que o fortalecimento da APS tambem pode ser alcancado ao reforcar papeis fundamentais dos medicos que trabalham na APS (como as visitas domiciliares) e aprimorar o acesso das populacoes de maior vulnerabilidade socioeconomica e de pessoas mais jovens ou sem doencas cronicas.

Our challenge was to structure a telemedicine framework that is capable of expanding access to services and testing while increasing the quality of the services provided. In this report, we describe the development of a telemedicine project in Brazil and its impact on increasing access to specialist

Many Brazilian patients with complex diseases who are treated in tertiary referral clinics have been stable for long periods. The main needs of these patients involve monitoring of risk factors and review of drug prescriptions, which could be satisfactorily done in primary care facilities. The goal of this protocol is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of telemedicine services to support the transition of patients with stable chronic coronary artery disease from the tertiary to the primary level of care. We designed a randomized non-inferiority protocol that will include 280 patients with stable coronary artery disease (for at least 12 months). Patients will be selected from the Ischemic Heart Disease Clinic in a tertiary care hospital in southern Brazil. Enrolled participants will be randomized into one of two groups: 12 months of follow-up at the same clinic; or 12 months of follow-up at a primary care facility with clinical support from a telemedicine platform including a toll-free line for physicians (intervention group). In the intervention group, decisions to refer patients to tertiary care during follow-up will be made jointly by primary physicians and medical teleconsultants. The groups will be compared in terms of the primary outcome—maintenance of baseline functional class 1 or 2 after 12 months. Secondary outcomes include control of risk factors and instability of the disease. We intend to determine the effectiveness of using telemedicine to qualify the transition of patients with chronic coronary disease from the tertiary to the primary level of care. This should facilitate the access of patients to the healthcare system, since care will be provided closer to their homes, and provide more opportunities for treatment of severe cases at tertiary care hospitals that are often overcrowded. ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT02489565 – trial registration date May 13, 2015

Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar o PCATool versão usuários adultos ao contexto brasileiro e avaliar sua validade e fidedignidade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal no qual foram entrevistados 2.404 usuários adultos residentes nas áreas adscritas da rede pública dos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em Porto Alegre e usuários vinculados a um plano de autogestão. O processo de validação constituiu-se de tradução e tradução reversa, adaptação, validade de conteúdo, validade fatorial e fidedignidade. Resultados: Na análise fatorial, foram considerados 12 fatores que explicaram 50,83% da variação total. Assim, foram reconhecidos os seguintes atributos da APS: acesso - acessibilidade e utilização, longitudinalidade, coordenação - coordenação do cuidado e sistemas de informação, integralidade - serviços disponíveis e serviços prestados, enfoque familiar e orientação comunitária. Para a consistência interna, foi obtido alfa de Cronbach variando de 0,15 a 0,90. A estabilidade temporal não foi verificada para coordenação do cuidado (p

Self-perceived health is based on both subjective and objective criteria and can be influenced by factors such as gender, age, social class and existing chronic disease. This paper describes self-perceived health in adults affiliated to the network of Primary Health Care (PHC) in the city of Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study. Self-perceived health was assessed based on the question: “Compared to someone from your age and gender, how would you rate your health?”. Responses were assembled as “good” or “bad”. Socioeconomic and demographic variables, as well as biological effects, lifestyle, health status and the relationship between patients and the Health Care System or doctors have been used in the hierarchical conceptual model in order to help the description of self-perception of health through modified Poisson regression. From 3,009 users, 2,355 (78.3%; CI: 74.9-81.3) believed to have good self-perceived health. Out of the total 1,013 (43%; CI: 39.3-46.9) were men, 1,229 belonged to C, D and E social classes (52.2%; CI: 40.2-63.9), 629 (26.7 %; IC: 26.5-30.1) belonged to age 18 to 30 years and 626 (26.6%; IC: 21.5-31.5) to 30 to 45 years of age. From those having self-perceived their health as “good”, 1,075 smoked (45.7%; CI: 40.9-50.6), 276 consumed more than 175g of alcohol per week (11.7%; CI: 10.2-13.4), 1,197 were sedentary (51.4%; CI: 49.1-53.7) and 573 suffered at least from one chronic disease (24.4%; CI: 20.9-28.2). By means of hierarchical model, we have observed that the probability of a person referring to his/her self-perceived health as good, diminished if they were women (PR: 0.92; CI: 0.88-0.95), smokers (PR: 0.92; CI: 0.88-0.96), had a chronic disease (PR: 0.78; CI: 0.72-0.84), or were users of the Health Services – at least four appointments per year (PR: 0.85; CI: 0.82-0.92). Conversely, not having been hospitalized (PR: 1.14; CI: 1.06-1.25) or been satisfied with the latest appointment (PR: 1.19; CI: 1.11-1.27) increased significantly the probability of a user to assess its health as “good”. Self-perceived health has proved to be influenced by biological and socialeconomic factors as well as existing attachment to health services. It should be noted that the more satisfied a patient was with PHC services, the better self-perception of health he had, which justifies the reorganization of the Brazilian national health care service (Sistema Unico de Saude) through the extension of present PHC network services, such as the Family Health Strategy (Estrategia Saude da Familia) program.

Resumo O Ministério da Saúde, por intermédio da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e em parceria com a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde construiu e implementou estratégias da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no âmbito do apoio aos gestores locais e em articulação com o Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais (CONASS) e Municipais de Saúde (CONASEMS) para o combate ao COVID-19. Essas ações têm a APS como a grande responsável por diversas áreas e recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros, assim como permite impulsionar o avanço nacional para o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e novas parcerias para realização de pesquisas.