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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by the presence of the variant S hemoglobin (HbS). The homozygous genotype (HbSS) is sickle cell anemia (SCA), while the double heterozygous of HbS and HbC (HbSC) is defined as SC hemoglobinopathy. The pathophysiology is based on chronic hemolysis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vaso-occlusion, which results in vasculopathy and serious clinical manifestations. Sickle leg ulcers (SLUs) are cutaneous lesions around the malleoli frequent in 20% of Brazilian patients with SCD. SLUs present a variable clinical and laboratory pattern modulated by several characteristics that are not fully understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate laboratory biomarkers and genetic and clinical parameters associated with the development of SLUs. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 69 SCD patients, 52 without SLU (SLU−) and 17 with active or previous SLU history (SLU+). The results showed a higher incidence of SLU in SCA patients and there was no observed association of α-3.7 Kb thalassemia in SLU occurrence. Alterations in NO metabolism and hemolysis were associated with clinical evolution and severity of SLU, in addition to hemolysis modulating the etiology and recurrence of SLU. Our multifactorial analyses demonstrate and extend the role of hemolysis driving the pathophysiological mechanism of SLU.

Este texto trata de la producción literaria de Laura Castro, romancista, poetisa, artista visual del estado de Bahia, además de crítica de arte y profesora, cuyas prácticas artísticas estudian los modos de expansión del campo literario brasileño. Esa ampliación se sitúa tanto en lo que se refiere a la publicación y circulación del libro, como también a una literatura marcada por la no pertenencia a un solo género, haciendo de la experimentación, de la hibridación y de la utilización de soportes distintos sus rasgos constituyentes. Para esto, en un primer momento, evalúa como la “reunión colectiva”, propia de su trabajo, instituye circuitos de colaboración independientes. En seguida, comenta sus dos últimos libros, O armarinho (2018) e Inês: pequena antologia do passado (2020), para evaluar su tráfico (de soportes, géneros, formas), en que las experimentaciones y las experiencias intimistas del primero se consolidan en un lenguaje más sintético que se abre para temas de herencia, ancestralidad y borradura del pasado. Autores tan diversos como Derrida, Garramuño, Devulsky y Munanga ayudan a componer esta reflexión.

IntroductionThe clarification of etiopathology, the improvement of chemotherapy regimens and their risk stratifications, and the improvement in treatment support have increased the survival of children and adolescents affected by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) past few years. This study aimed to estimate overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in an onco-hematology treatment center in Brazil, reports the main clinical-laboratory characteristics of patients at diagnosis, verify the frequency of treatment-related adverse effects and the main causes of death.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis involving patients diagnosed with ALL, treated with the protocol of the Brazilian Group for Treatment of Leukemias in Childhood (GBTLI), between 2010 and 2020 was carried out; the outcomes (relapse, deaths, development of new neoplasms) were analyzed SPSS® software was used for the statistical analyses, and the p-value was considered significant when less than 0.05 for all analyses.Results109 patients were included in the study; the median age was 5 years, with a slight predominance of males. Sixty-six patients were classified as high-risk (HR) group and 43 patients were classified as low-risk (LR) group. After 5 years of diagnosis, the OS was 71.5%, and the EFS was 65%. No statistical difference was found between the HR and LR groups for OS and EFS, while leukocyte counts were statistically associated with the outcome of death (p = 0.028). Among the patients, 28 (25.6%) died due to infection accounting 46.4% of death causes. Among the 34 patients with unfavorable outcomes (death and/or relapse), 32 had no research for the minimal residual disease at the end of remission induction, and 25 were not investigated for the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. The most reported complications and treatment-related adverse effects were increased liver transaminases (85.9%), airway infection (79.4%), oral mucositis (67.2%), febrile neutropenia (64.4%), and diarrhea (36.4%).ConclusionsThe rates of OS and EFS obtained in this cohort are similar to those obtained in the few previous similar studies in Brazil and lower than those carried out in developed countries. The unavailability of prognostic tests may have hindered risk stratification and influenced the results obtained.

BackgroundStroke is one of the highest complications of sickle-cell anemia (SCA). The Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been adopted worldwide as a gold standard method for detecting alterations in the blood velocity in cerebral arteries. In this study, we investigated the association between laboratory parameters and increased cerebral blood flow velocity in Brazilian SCA pediatric patients.MethodsThe study included 159 pediatric patients with SCA, submitted to TCD velocity screening, and the time-averaged maximum mean velocity (TAMMV) was determined in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and distal intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). We compared cerebral blood flow in patients stratified by the following: TCD1—defined as normal, with TAMMV inferior to 170 cm/s; TCD2—conditional, with TAMMV above 170 cm/s, but less than 199 cm/s; TCD3—altered, with TAMMV greater than or equal to 200 cm/s.ResultsTAMMV was negatively correlated with age and weight (p < 0.05). Moreover, TAMMV was associated or correlated with reductions in HbF, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, HDL, and haptoglobin and, increases in MCV, MCH, RDW, reticulocytes, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, total and indirect bilirubin, LDH, AST, ALT, glucose, ferritin, and AAT (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe current study highlights the importance of the investigation of hemolytic and inflammatory biomarkers for monitoring the clinical outcome of SCA pediatric patients, to avoid acute or chronic stroke. Moreover, glucose and HDL-C appear useful for predicting higher TAMMV.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to provide an integrative review of the current evidence on the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Methods: the study question followed the PECO strategy, and the search was performed in Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, using keywords and specific free terms. Two authors screened eligible articles published from 2013 to October 2021 and extracted data on fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Literature Review: of the 1,570 articles initially identified, 14 were eligible. There was no consensus on the consistency, volume, and type of food, utensils, sequence, and number of repetitions of each task during the exam. The analysis parameters, when described, were distinct. Although with different classification criteria, the observation of pharyngeal residue, laryngeal penetration, and laryngotracheal aspiration was included in all studies. Conclusion: fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters are not standardized in studies with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.

Priapism is a urologic emergency characterized by an uncontrolled, persistent and painful erection in the absence of sexual stimulation, which can lead to penile fibrosis and impotence. It is highly frequent in sickle cell disease (SCD) associated with hemolytic episodes. Our aim was to investigate molecules that may participate in the regulation of vascular tone. Eighty eight individuals with SCD were included, of whom thirty-seven reported a history of priapism. Priapism was found to be associated with alterations in laboratory biomarkers, as well as lower levels of HbF. Patients with sickle cell anemia using hydroxyurea and those who received blood products seemed to be less affected by priapism. Multivariate analysis suggested that low HbF and NOm were independently associated with priapism. The frequency of polymorphisms in genes NOS3 and EDN1 was not statistically significant between the studied groups, and the presence of the variant allele was not associated with alterations in NOm and ET-1 levels in patients with SCD. The presence of the variant allele in the polymorphisms investigated did not reveal any influence on the occurrence priapism. Future studies involving larger samples, as well as investigations including patients in priapism crisis, could contribute to an enhanced understanding of the development of priapism in SCD.

Objetivo: Analisar conteúdos de alimentação e nutrição nos livros didáticos de Ciências do 5º, 6º e 7° anos do ensino fundamental da rede pública. Método: Foram avaliados 100% dos exemplares (n=39) aprovados nos Guias dos Livros de Ciências do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de 2016 e 2017. Identificou-se presença ou ausência de oito temas nos livros: Alimentação e desenvolvimento; Hábitos alimentares e influências culturais e sociais; Alimentação, nutrição e saúde; Sistemas alimentares; Rotulagem nutricional; Higiene, conservação e preparo dos alimentos; Mídia e saúde; e Alimentação escolar. Analisou-se a qualidade de textos e imagens por parâmetros como adequação à série, clareza, desenvolvimento e contextualização e/ou grau de relação textual e imagética e nível de atualização. Por meio de pontos atribuídos, os conteúdos foram categorizados em fraco, regular, bom ou excelente. Resultados: A maioria dos livros obteve pouca abordagem alimentar e nutricional. O tema “Alimentação e desenvolvimento” esteve em apenas 55,4% dos livros do quinto ano, não sendo aprofundado posteriormente. Alguns temas apresentaram textos classificados como regulares ou bons. Nenhum texto foi considerado fraco. Notou-se frequente abordagem sobre pirâmides alimentares. Verificou-se ausência e/ou falta de desenvolvimento quanto à higienização dos alimentos. Todos os exemplares apresentaram textos e imagens adequados à série. Conclusão: “Mídia e saúde”, “Alimentação escolar”, “Alimentação, nutrição e saúde” e “Rotulagem nutricional” são temas pouco presentes nos livros, mas quando abordados, tiveram classificação excelente. Os demais temas, apesar de frequentes, precisam de aprimoramentos na qualidade da abordagem.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) consists of a group of hemoglobinopathies in which individuals present highly variable clinical manifestations. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most severe form, while SC hemoglobinopathy (HbSC) is thought to be milder. Thus, we investigated the clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters by comparing each SCD genotype. We designed a cross-sectional study including 126 SCA individuals and 55 HbSC individuals in steady-state. Hematological, biochemical and inflammatory characterization was performed as well as investigation of previous history of clinical events. SCA patients exhibited most prominent anemia, hemolysis, leukocytosis and inflammation, whereas HbSC patients had increased lipid determinations. The main cause of hospitalization was pain crises on both genotypes. Vaso-occlusive events and pain crises were associated with hematological, inflammatory and anemia biomarkers on both groups. Cluster analysis reveals hematological, inflammatory, hemolytic, endothelial dysfunction and anemia biomarkers in HbSC disease as well as SCA. The results found herein corroborate with previous studies suggesting that SCA and HbSC, although may be similar from the genetic point of view, exhibit different clinical manifestations and laboratory alterations which are useful to monitor the clinical course of each genotype.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disease that affects the respiratory and digestive systems. Lung disease is variable among CF patients and associated with the development of comorbidities and chronic infections. The rate of lung function deterioration depends not only on the type of mutations in CFTR, the disease-causing gene, but also on modifier genes. In the present study, we aimed to identify genes and pathways that (i) contribute to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and (ii) modulate the associated comorbidities. We profiled blood samples in CF patients and healthy controls and analyzed RNA-seq data with Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA). Interestingly, lung function, body mass index, the presence of diabetes, and chronic P. aeruginosa infections correlated with four modules of co-expressed genes. Detailed inspection of networks and hub genes pointed to cell adhesion, leukocyte trafficking and production of reactive oxygen species as central mechanisms in lung function decline and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Of note, we showed that blood is an informative surrogate tissue to study the contribution of inflammation to lung disease and diabetes in CF patients. Finally, we provided evidence that WGCNA is useful to analyze-omic datasets in rare genetic diseases as patient cohorts are inevitably small.

Sickle leg ulcers (SLU) are malleoli lesions with exuberant hemolytic pathophysiology. The microRNAs are potential genetic biomarkers for several pathologies. Thereby, we aimed to assess the expression of circulating miR-199a-5p, miR-144, and miR-126 in association with hemolytic biomarkers in SLU. This cross-sectional study included 69 patients with sickle cell disease, 52 patients without SLU (SLU-) and 17 patients with active SLU or previous history (SLU+). The results demonstrated elevated expression of circulating miR-199a-5p and miR-144 in SLU+ patients while miR-126 expression was reduced. Circulating miR-199a-5p and miR-144 were associated with hemolytic biomarkers such as LDH, indirect bilirubin, AST, GGT, iron, ferritin, RBC, hemoglobin, and NOm, in addition to association with impaired clinical profile of SLU. Furthermore, in silico analyses indicated interactions of miR-199a-5p with HIF1A, Ets-1, and TGFB2 genes, which are associated with vasculopathy and reduced NO. In contrast, miR-126 was associated with an attenuating clinical profile of SLU, in addition to not characterizing hemolysis. In summary, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that hemolytic mechanism in SLU can be characterized by circulating miR-199a-5p and miR-144. The circulating miR-126 may play a protective role in SLU. Thus, these microRNAs can support to establish prognosis and therapeutic strategy in SLU.

Este texto aborda la ópera prima de la escritora Cearense Tercia Montenegro, Turismo para ciegos, que traza un retrato perverso de la condición de la ceguera. Parto del supuesto de que no se puede comprender la crueldad que abarca la totalidad de los afectos en las relaciones engendradas en el libro sin tener en cuenta los "puntos ciegos" de la historia que resultan de una narración fuera de la experiencia primordial de la pérdida de la visión. Así, teniendo en cuenta que la perspectiva selecciona lo narrado, lo que se describe no debe ser percibido como tal, adquiriendo el status de verdad, sino el resultado de una selección que contamina todo lo que se dice. Ya que la historia está ambientada en el terreno de las artes visuales, están en juego los límites entre lo visible y lo invisible. Para analizar este conjunto de situaciones, me valgo del texto de la novela y del vocabulario de Jacques Derrida cuando trata sobre las artes de lo visible.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a fast-progressing bone tumor with high incidence in children and adolescents. The main diagnostic methods for OS are imaging exams and biopsies. In spite of the several resources available for detecting the disease, establishing an early diagnosis is still difficult, resulting in worse prognosis and lower survival rates for patients with OS. The identification of novel biomarkers would be helpful, and recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been pointed to as possible non-invasive biomarkers. In order to assess the effectiveness of miRNA research, we performed a systematic review to assess the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for OS diagnosis. We performed a search in various databases—PubMed, LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), VHL (Virtual Health Library), Elsevier, Web of Science, Gale Academic One File—using the terms: “Circulating microRNAs” OR “plasma microRNAs” OR “serum microRNAs” OR “blood microRNAs” OR “cell-free microRNAs” OR “exosome microRNAs” OR “extracellular vesicles microRNAs” OR “liquid biopsy” AND “osteosarcoma” AND “diagnostic”. We found 35 eligible studies that were independently identified and had had their quality assessed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. Despite the useful number of publications on this subject and the fact that several microRNAs showed excellent diagnostic performance for OS, the lack of consistency in results suggests that additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in OS.

Abstract Background Sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients exhibit sub-phenotypes associated to hemolysis and vaso-occlusion. The disease has a chronic inflammatory nature that has been also associated to alterations in the lipid profile. This study aims to analyze hematological and biochemical parameters to provide knowledge about the SCA sub-phenotypes previously described and suggest a dyslipidemic sub-phenotype. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2014, and 99 SCA patients in steady state were enrolled. We assessed correlations and associations with hematological and biochemical data and investigated the co-inheritance of -α3.7Kb-thalassemia (-α3.7Kb-thal). Correlation analyses were performed using Spearman and Pearson coefficient. The median of quantitative variables between two groups was compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney. P-values

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se existe relação entre medidas perceptivo-auditivas e de autoavaliação em pacientes portadores de esclerose múltipla, com e sem queixa vocal. Métodos Participaram 18 sujeitos com diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla, com idades entre 21 e 67 anos, sendo 12 mulheres e seis homens. Foram aplicados uma breve anamnese, a Escala de Sintomas Vocais e o protocolo Vivendo com Disartria, seguidos da gravação da vogal /ԑ/ sustentada. A intensidade do desvio vocal e os graus de rugosidade, soprosidade, tensão e instabilidade foram avaliados por três fonoaudiólogos, utilizando-se uma escala analógico-visual de 100 mm. Resultados Os pacientes com esclerose múltipla com queixa vocal apresentaram maiores escores nos domínios total (p= 0,026) e limitação (p= 0,042) da Escala de Sintomas Vocais; na seção um (p= 0,041), seção quatro (p= 0,030) e seção dez (p= 0,050) do protocolo Vivendo com Disartria. Houve correlação positiva forte entre os escores da Escala de Sintomas Vocais, domínios total e limitação e os escores da seção um, quatro e nove do protocolo Vivendo com Disartria. Conclusão Pacientes com esclerose múltipla com queixa vocal possuem maior frequência de ocorrência de sintomas e maior impacto da disartria na comunicação. Não há relação entre as medidas perceptivo-auditivas e de autoavaliação em pacientes portadores de esclerose múltipla. No entanto, os escores dos dois instrumentos de autoavaliação utilizados são fortemente correlacionados.

BackgroundCombined oral contraceptive (COC) use has been associated with an unfavorable impact on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diverse populations of normal weight and obese women. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles of women in northeastern Brazil with respect to COC use and obesity.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study to verify cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure (BP), fasting serum glucose, lipid, and inflammatory profile, in a population of women aged 15–45 years, considering obesity and COC use. Our sample consisted of 591 women, 481 women who were COC users, and 110 age-matched women who were COC non-users, classified as obese and non-obese according to BMI.ResultsCOC use and obesity were associated with increased systolic (p ≤ 0.001) and diastolic BP (p = 0.001), blood glucose (p ≤ 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), triglycerides (p ≤ 0.001), ferritin (p = 0.006), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p ≤ 0.001), and nitric oxide metabolites (p ≤ 0.001), as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p ≤ 0.001) in comparison to controls. CRP and HDL-c levels in obese COC users were determined to be outside reference range values. The odds of having lower levels of HDL-c and elevated CRP increased among obese COC users. COC use was independently associated with low levels of HDL-c, especially second-generation progestins (p

Neste trabalho, ao perscrutar a reiteração dos acontecimentos em Ofilho eterno, de 2007, e O espírito da prosa: uma autobiografia literária,publicado em 2012, ambos do escritor Cristovão Tezza, reflete-se sobre atensão entre realidade e representação e também sobre a noção de verdadeque sempre acompanham a “contenda” autobiográfica. O fato de um tersido considerado um romance autobiográfico e o outro denominar-se umaautobiografia literária possibilita uma leitura comparativa entre eles especificandoa questão do nome próprio – e mesmo da posição do eu – como oque engendram a difícil delimitação dos gêneros ditos autobiográficos. Pararealizar esta leitura, firma-se nas reflexões de Jacques Derrida acerca dos traçosautobiográficos, utilizando-se, porém, da imagem de Roland Barthes, aoreferir-se a Marcel Proust, de que “não é a vida que informa a obra, é a obraque irradia, explode na vida”.

O SNOT-22 é um questionário para avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com rinossinusite crônica (RSC). Ele é largamente utilizado para avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico na RSC. No Brasil, não existem estudos utilizando o SNOT-22 em pacientes não cirúrgicos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar por meio do questionário SNOT-22 a qualidade de indivíduos com rinossinusite crônica sem cirurgia prévia e com indicação de tratamento clínico. MÉTODO: Estudo clínico prospectivo e analítico, tipo corte transversal com controle. Foram dois grupos, sendo um constituído de pacientes com RSC e outro por indivíduos sem doença nasossinusal, adultos, atendidos consecutivamente num serviço de otorrinolaringologia em Salvador, Bahia, de agosto de 2011 a junho de 2012. Todos preencheram o termo de consentimento, um cadastro e o SNOT-22. RESULTADOS: Cento e setenta e seis pacientes, sendo 78 com RSC, e 98 sem a doença. Os grupos foram homogêneos quanto ao gênero, alergias medicamentosas e respiratórias. A idade foi de 40,7 + 13,5 anos no grupo caso e 37,8 + 12,9 no controle (p = 0,26). A mediana do SNOT-22 no grupo caso foi 53 contra 8 do controle (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A rinossinusite crônica reduz a qualidade de vida do paciente de acordo com o questionário SNOT-22.SNOT-22 is a questionnaire used to assess the quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It is broadly utilized to assess the surgical treatment of patients with CRS. In Brazil there are no studies utilizing the SNOT-22 in non-surgical patients. OBJECTIVE: To use the SNOT-22 questionnaire to assess the quality of life of individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis without previous surgery and with indication for clinical treatment. METHOD: Prospective and analytical cohort and cross-sectional controlled clinical trial. We had 2 groups, one made up of patients with CRS and another one with adult individuals without the sinonasal disease, consecutively seen in an otorhinolaryngology clinic in Salvador, Bahia, between August of 2011 and June of 2012. They all filled out the Consent Form, a registration form and the SNOT-22. RESULTS: 176 patients, 78 with CRS and 98 without the disease, the groups matched as far as gender, medication and respiratory allergies were concerned. Age was 40.7 + 13.5 years in the study group and 37.8 + 12.9 in controls (p = 0.26). The SNOT-22 median value in the study group was 53, compared to 8 in the control group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Chronic rhinosinusitis reduces the quality of life of patients, according to the SNOT-22 questionnaire.

Na poesia de Marcos Siscar, o dizer é atravessado por imagens de silêncio, constituindo o que se denomina, neste texto, de “rumor da língua”, expressão emprestada de Roland Barthes. A partir daí, deriva-se sobre questões como o endereçamento, o ter-lugar do escritor, os traços autobiográficos, a cadeia citacional, advindas dessa língua que rumoreja por meio de figuras recorrentes, das quais pelo menos duas (coração e carrapicho) são cotejadas com figuras correspondentes em textos de Jacques Derrida.

A violência que ocorre em toda constituição de arquivo se evidencia em torno da assinatura de Milton Hatoum pela negatividade atribuída ao conceito de regionalismo. Refletindo sobre a posição ambígua tanto do escritor, que lança mão de seu nome próprio para refutar alguns dos traços atribuídos a sua obra, quanto da crítica que não se afasta dos sentidos tradicionais do conceito, a questão, sempre mais de uma, como diria Jacques Derrida, é apontar que essa tensão está mais bem resolvida no estabelecimento da aporia presente em seus livros do que nas interpretações que se fazem deles. Para fazer derivar essas quase-proposições, segue-se de perto a “letra” de Derrida acerca das noções de arquivo, assinatura, nome próprio.

RESUMO Objetivos: Determinar a freqüência e as características das alterações em exame oftalmológico, em exame de Tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) do nervo e mácula e Campimetria em pacientes com Escrelose Multipla(EM). Métodos: Foram examinados 60 olhos sendo 30 de pacientes com o diagnóstico de EM e 30 de pacientes controles, atendidos no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto aos parâmetros: características e alterações do exame oftalmológico, do OCT do nervo e da macula e Campimetria. Resultados: Os pacientes com EM apresentaram piores resultados em todos os parâmetros avaliados. No exame de campo visual Foram encontradas perdas localizadas em 50%. Em relação ao OCT de nervo óptico foi observado redução da camada de fibras nervosas em quadrantes temporal (p=0,0251) e inferior (p=0,0041), o OCT de mácula revelou diminuição da CFN principalmente nos quadrantes nasal interno (p=0,0002) e externo (p=0,0016),inferior interno (p=0,0007) e superior externo (p=0,0108) e interno (p=0,0046). Os pacientes com menores valores de espessura macular também tiveram piores resultados no campo visual (p=0,0001). Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que a EM é uma doença capaz de ocasionar alterações nos exames de OCT e Campo visual mesmo na ausência de sintomas visuais relatados pelos pacientes. A realização de exames como campo visual e de OCT de macula e nervo podem ser uma ferramenta útil para estimar o comprometimento pela doença e auxiliar no seguimento desses pacientes.