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Background and Originality: This paper aims to examine the role of organisational commitment in employee’s health, especially in the context of other work-related psychosocial factors (optimism, empowerment, stressful working conditions, job insecurity, and satisfactory payment). The study statistically examines the conceptual research model, where contrary to many other studies, it does not stop on bivariate correlations, or model with one dependent variable, as found in many other studies, but explore inner correlations among factors, thus provide more detailed insight to the relations among organisational commitment, employee’s health and work-related psychosocial factors. Method: An ISSP survey on a representative sample of citizens in Slovenia, the subsample of 589 workers was statistically analysed, using 1) a bivariate Pearson correlation test 2) a hierarchical multivariate linear regression to compare two models, where to see the role of organisational commitment, health was predicted by work-related psychosocial factors in a model with and in a model without organisational commitment, and 3) structural equation modelling to understand interrelations amongst analysed concepts.Results: The study provide a model of employee’s health predicted by personal and work-related psychosocial factors. The results shows all analysed factors contribute to health, but not all directly. Health was found to be directly related to stressful working conditions, optimism, and affective organisational commitment. The latter was found to have a cruicial role also in mediating the effects of stressful working conditions, satisfactory payment and optimism on health. With our findings we contribute to the discussion on a constructive and future oriented approach to provide working conditions that would lead to committed and healthier workforce. We suggest that policy makers and human resource managers in organisations create working conditions that are focused on improving health. By doing so, affective organisational commitment should be one of the top priorities. Society: The results have a significant impact on a more detailed review of the factors that contribute to better working conditions for healthier employees. When employees are committed, they not only stay in the organisation, but they are also healthier and consequently perform better, thus benefits could be seen for employers and employees. It is useful for managers to have knowledge of psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, as they can utilize these elements to motivate, develop, and manage employees. As working population is the one that represent the main active population in society, it is important to generate working conditions for healthier workforce. Understanding the role of organisational commitment, and other work-related psychosocial factors for health could benefit not only for organisations and employees, but for other society members, that rely on active working population, as well. Limitations / further research: The study was limited by cross-sectional approach and our sample was limited to employees in Slovenia. The study was also limited by the scope of secondary data available health predictors were selected in accordance with theory and available indicators in the existing survey limited to main factors: health, organisational commitment and work-related psychosocial factors (optimism, empowerment, stressful working conditions, job insecurity, and satisfactory payment). Future research could focus also on other health related factors (such as genetics, certain lifestyles, the environment, and susceptibility to diseases), include longitudinal approach and compare different geographical contexts. Ozadje in izvirnost: Namen tega prispevka je preučiti vlogo organizacijske pripadnosti pri zdravju zaposlenih, zlasti v kontekstu drugih psihosocialnih dejavnikov povezanih z delom (optimizem, opolnomočenje, stresni delovni pogoji, negotovost zaposlitve in zadovoljivo plačilo). Študija statistično preučuje konceptualni raziskovalni model, kjer se v nasprotju s številnimi drugimi študijami ne ustavi na bivariatnih korelacijah ali modelu z eno odvisno spremenljivko, temveč proučuje medsebojne korelacije med dejavniki in tako zagotavlja podrobnejši vpogled. na razmerja med organizacijsko pripadnostjo, zdravjem zaposlenih in z delom povezanimi psihosocialnimi dejavniki. Metoda: Anketa ISSP na reprezentativnem vzorcu prebivalcev v Sloveniji, podvzorec 589 delavcev je bil statistično analiziran z 1) bivariatnim Pearsonovim korelacijskim testom 2) hierarhično multivariatno linearno regresijo za primerjavo dveh modelov, v katerih je bilo zdravje napovedovano s psihosocialnimi dejavniki, in pri tem v enem modelu modelu z in v drugem modelu brez organizacijske pripadnosti, in 3) strukturnim modeliranjem, ki omogoča razumevanje medsebojnih odnosov med vsemi analiziranimi koncepti. Rezultati: Študija prikaže model zdravja zaposlenega, ki ga napovedujejo osebni in z delom povezani psihosocialni dejavniki. Rezultati kažejo, da vsi analizirani dejavniki prispevajo k zdravju, vendar ne vsi neposredno. Ugotavljamo, da je zdravje neposredno povezano s stresnimi delovnimi pogoji, optimizmom in čustveno organizacijsko pripadnostjo. Za slednjo ugotavljamo, da ima ključno vlogo tudi pri mediiranju učinkov stresnih delovnih razmer, zadovoljivega plačila in optimizma na zdravje. Z našimi ugotovitvami prispevamo k razpravi o konstruktivnem in v prihodnost usmerjenem pristopu k zagotavljanju delovnih pogojev, ki bi vodili do pripadne in bolj zdrave delovne sile. Predlagamo, da snovalci politik in kadrovski menedžerji v organizacijah ustvarijo delovne pogoje, ki so osredotočeni na izboljšanje zdravja. Pri tem bi morala biti čustvena organizacijska pripadnost ena glavnih prednostnih nalog. Družba: Rezultati pomembno vplivajo na podrobnejši pregled dejavnikov, ki prispevajo k boljšim delovnim pogojem za bolj zdrave zaposlene. Ko so zaposleni pripadni, ne le ostanejo v organizaciji, ampak so tudi bolj zdravi in posledično bolje delajo, kar prinaša vidne koristi tako za delodajalce kot za zaposlene. Za vodje je koristno, da imajo znanje o psihološkem opolnomočenju, zadovoljstvu pri delu in organizacijski pripadnosti, kar lahko uporabijo za učinkovitejše motiviranje, razvoj in vodenje zaposlenih. Ker je delovno aktivno prebivalstvo tisto, na kateri slonijo vsi ostali v družbi, je pomembno ustvariti delovne pogoje, ki omogočajo boljše zdravje zaposlenih. Razumevanje vloge organizacijske pripadnosti in drugih z delom povezanih psihosocialnih dejavnikov za zdravje bi tako lahko koristilo ne le organizacijam in zaposlenim, ampak posredno tudi drugim članom družbe, ki se zanašajo na aktivno delovno populacijo. Omejitve / nadaljnje raziskave: Študija je bila presečna, vzorec je bil omejen na zaposlene v Sloveniji. Naša študija je bila omejena z obsegom razpoložljivih sekundarnih podatkov napovedovalci zdravja so bili izbrani v skladu s teorijo in razpoložljivimi indikatorji v obstoječi raziskavi omejeni na glavne dejavnike: zdravje, organizacijsko pripadnost in psihosocialne dejavnike, povezane z delom (optimizem, opolnomočenje, stresni delovni pogoji, negotovost zaposlitve in zadovoljivo plačilo). Prihodnje raziskave bi se lahko osredotočile tudi na druge dejavnike, povezane z zdravjem (kot so genetika, določen življenjski slog, okolje in dovzetnost za bolezni), vključile longitudinalni pristop in primerjale različne geografske kontekste.

Soavtorji: Marija Milavec Kapun, Vladislav Rajkovič, Uroš Rajkovič. Besedilo v angl. Bibliografija: str. 144. Abstract ; Izvleček.

Uvod: Napredovala stopnja demence je terminalna stopnja v kliničnem poteku demence, za katero sta poleg kognitivnih, telesnih, vedenjskih in psiholoških okvar značilna izguba samostojnosti pri izvajanju osnovnih dnevnih opravil ter visoko tveganje za podhranjenost. Namen raziskave je predstaviti pristope za zagotavljanje optimalne prehranjenosti pri osebah z napredovalo stopnjo demence v institucionalni oskrbi. Metode: Narejen je bil integrativni pregled literature, objavljene med letoma 2014 in 2019. Za identifikacijo relevantne literature smo uporabili iskalni niz dementia OR alzheimers OR cognitive impairment OR memory loss AND feeding OR eating OR nutrition, pregledani sta bili podatkovni bazi CINAHL in MEDLINE. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 19 člankov. Rezultati: Izsledki pregleda literature so bili razporejeni v štiri kategorije: (1) spodbujanje samostojnosti pri hranjenju, (2) uporaba prilagojene prehrane, (3) obvladovanje motenj požiranja in (4) na posameznika usmerjena oskrba. Diskusija in zaključek: Pristopi pri zagotavljanju kakovosti življenja oseb z napredovalo stopnjo demence so usmerjeni k spodbujanju samostojnosti pri hranjenju. Slednje se lahko dosega z intervencijami na področju obvladovanja upada umskih in telesnih sposobnosti, motenj požiranja, z zagotavljanjem prehranskega vnosa per os ter izvajanjem oskrbe, usmerjene k posamezniku. Introduction: Advanced dementia is a terminal stage in the clinical course of dementia, characterized by the loss of autonomy in conducting basic activities of daily living and a high risk of malnutrition in addition to severe cognitive, physical, behavioural, and psychological impairment. The article presents approaches to achieving optimal nutrition in the elderly with advanced dementia in long-term care. Methods: An integrative review of the literature published between 2014 and 2019 was conducted. Using the keywords (dementia OR alzheimers OR cognitive impairment OR memory loss) AND (feeding OR eating OR nutrition) databases MEDLINE and CINAHL with full texts were searched. The final review included 19 studies. Results: Based on literature review, the four thematic areas were identified: (1) promoting self-feeding, (2) use of tailored nutrition, (3) swallowing disorder management, (4) person-centred care. Discussion and conclusion: Approaches to improve or maintain the quality of life of people with advanced dementia focus on encouraging self-feeding and eating independence, which may be achieved through management of mental, functional and swallowing problems, promotion of oral food intake and provision of person-centred care.

Background: Current international policies converge to the need of empowering patients and families in becoming more autonomous in the self-caring and management of their noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Given their professional scope, nurses are the most well-positioned health professionals to answer this societal challenge. In the literature, health coaching and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) emerge as two still under-used contributions to nursing practice in this regard. Given the lack of instruments and research developed so far in the use of health coaching and ICTs during nurses training, we aim to develop a scale that explores nursing students’ perceptions regarding their coaching skills of people with NCDs and the potential role of ICTs in this domain. Methods: After a comprehensive literature review, an initial items list (n ¼ 39) was delineated and discussed by a panel of international experts. After conceptual and structural consensus, the pre-validated version of the Personal and Technological Skills to coach people with noncommunicable diseases scale (PTSC-NCD scale) was created. Then, the pre-validated PTSC-NCD scale was translated to Portuguese, Finnish, Flemish and Slovenian following Beaton and colleagues’ recommendations, and applied to undergraduate nursing students in five European universities. Principal component analysis and reliability analysis were performed in each country through the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0). All ethical assumptions were complied with throughout this study. Results: 874 nursing students enrolled in the study, predominantly female (71.1%) and with a mean age of 22.4 years (SD ¼ 5.49). After data analysis across international settings, three dimensions emerged: Coaching Centred Personal Skills (F1) Digital Technology Improving Patient-Centred Care (F2) and Digital Technology Improving Relational Skills (F3). All the dimensions showed good reliability (Cronbach's alpha >.80). Conclusion: The PTSC-NCD scale evidence good validity and reliability indicators across different international settings.

Introduction: The importance of community health nursing is increasing due to the development of primary healthcare, illness prevention and making healthcare a part of an integrated care for patients and their families within local communities. The aim of the research was to establish the purpose of the research conducted by community nursing providers and the main issues and problems faced in the field of community nursing inSlovenia.Methods: A systematic literature review was performed by collecting scientific and professional literature from the COBIB.SI bibliographic/catalog database from January to May 2017. The literature was searched by the root of the Slovenian keyword patronaž*. The initial criteria for thematic content analysis were met by 144 references. 45 were included on the empirical data list. The PRISMA method was used to present the review and to decide on the usefulness of the references included in the research.Results: The literature review found the following research areas in community nursing care in Slovenia: improvement of quality, safety and condition at work, patient empowerment and integrated and holistic patient treatment. Publication accessibility issues and the quality of research plans and research methods have been identified. During the last three years of the period studied the dominant source of information in the research have been community nurses themselves.Discussion and conclusion: Targeted action, increased interest and knowledge of community health nurses related to research are necessary. In order to better identify their role in primary health care activities and strengthen interdisciplinary research at the micro, mezzo and macro level of the health care system, it is necessary to introduce more complex research plans. Uvod: Pomen patronažne zdravstvene nege narašča s pospešenim razvojem primarnega zdravstvenega varstva, preprečevanja bolezni in približevanja zdravstvene oskrbe integrirani podpori pacientom in njihovim družinam znotraj lokalnih skupnosti. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti, kaj je predmet raziskovanja izvajalcev zdravstvene nege ter katera so glavna vprašanja in problemi patronažne zdravstvene nege v Sloveniji. Metode: Uporabljen je bil sistematičen pregled literature. Zajemal je zbiranje znanstvene in strokovne literature v Vzajemni bibliografsko-kataložni bazi podatkov COBIB.SI od januarja do maja 2017. Literatura je bila iskana po korenu ključne besede patronaž*. Začetna merila za tematsko analizo vsebine je izpolnjevalo 144 enot. V seznam za analizo empiričnih podatkov se jih je uvrstilo 45. Za prikaz pregleda in odločanja o uporabnosti pregledanih enot je bila uporabljena metoda PRISMA. Rezultati: S pregledom literature so bila ugotovljena raziskovalna področja v patronažni zdravstveni nege v Sloveniji; izboljšanje kakovosti, varnost in pogoji dela, opolnomočenje pacienta in integrirana oziroma celovita obravnava pacienta. Zaznan je problem dostopnosti do objav posameznih raziskav, kakovost načrtov in metod raziskovanja. V zadnjih treh letih preučevanega obdobja so prevladujoči vir podatkov v raziskavah patronažne medicinske sestre.Diskusija in zaključek: Nujno je ciljno ukrepanje s povečanjem interesa in znanja patronažnih medicinskih sester za raziskovanje. Za boljše prepoznavanje njihove vloge v primarnem zdravstvenem varstvu ter krepitev interdisciplinarnega raziskovanja na mikro-, mezo- in makroravni sistema zdravstvenega varstva je potrebno uvajanje kompleksnejših raziskovalnih načrtov.

Model informatizacije dolgotrajne oskrbe pacienta na domu

Introduction: The article presents different approaches to dementia patient care, depicting the differences among the existing European treatment practices. The aim of the article was to review the models of dementia care currently used in Europe and Slovenia. Methods: A literature review of the available domestic and foreign data base was performed as a stand-alone form of qualitative research. The data were retrieved from Proquest Social Journals, CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, BioMed Central, Academic Search Complete and the bibliographic catalogue database covering Slovenian libraries (COBIB.SI). The following Slovenian and English keywords and phrases were usedin the research: "staranje IN demenca IN oskrba", "ageing AND dementia AND care". Results: The results of the study show that more advanced models are based on person-centred care and holistic approach. The countries have been developing different approaches to solve the patients' housing and accommodation problems, to unburden the family members, to provide health education and technical support. These approaches also emphasise the importance of timely diagnosis of dementia, integrated care and assistance to professional caregivers. Discussion and conclusion: According to the review results, the scientific literature on diverse treatment modes of dementia patients in Europe is scarce. Further research is proposed primarily in specific domains or aspects of treatments for dementia, e.g. the use of modern technology, or the treatment practices outside Europe. It is necessary to develop alternatives to institutionalised care and design new developmental strategies for treatment of patients with dementia founded on holistic approach and patients' abilities. Uvod: V članku so prikazani različni pristopi k obravnavi oseb z demenco v družbi, pojasnjene so razlike med njimi ter izpostavljene najbolj zanimive evropske prakse in stanje v Sloveniji. Metode: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela. Za osnovo zbiranja in analizo literature je bil izbran pregled domače in tuje strokovne literature po mednarodnih bazah podatkov (Proquest Social Journals, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, BioMed Central in AcademicSearch Complete) in bibliografsko-kataložni bazi podatkov slovenskih knjižnic (COBIB.SI). Uporabljene so bile ključne besede in iskalni nizi v slovenskem jeziku "staranje IN demenca IN oskrba" in angleškem jeziku "ageing AND dementia AND care". Rezultati: Razvitejši modeli reševanja problematike oseb z demenco in njihovih svojcev v evropskih državah temeljijo predvsem na zmožnostih teh oseb, individualni obravnavi in celostnem pristopu. Države razvijajo različne pristope k reševanju stanovanjske problematike in namestitve oseb z demenco; bolj se poudarjajo razbremenitev svojcev, informiranje, pomembnost zgodnjega odkrivanja demence, uporabnost tehničnih rešitev, podpora strokovnemu osebju in integracija storitev. Diskusija in zaključek: Ob pregledu literature ugotavljamo, da je zelo malo strokovnih in znanstvenih prispevkov, ki bi prikazovali različne modele obravnave oseb z demenco v Evropi. Priložnosti za nadaljnje raziskave so predvsem na posameznih področjih obravnave pacientov, npr. uporaba sodobne tehnologije, ter v praksah izven Evrope. Potrebno je razvijati alternative institucionalni oskrbi in pripraviti načrt ter strategije razvoja novih oblik obravnave oseb z demenco, temelječih na celostnem pristopu in zmožnostih teh oseb.

Uvod: Pametni telefoni in ure so danes napredne tehnološke naprave na trgu, saj vključujejo funkcije računalnikov, mobilnih telefonov in različnih merilnih instrumentov v eni majhni napravi. Za raziskovanje tega področja smo se odločili, ker o sevanju mobilnih telefonov na razvoj ploda ni veliko znanega, so pa raziskovalci ugotovili negativen vpliv na živalskih modelih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature raziskati vpliv sevanj sodobne digitalne tehnologije in opredeliti vlogo medicinske sestre pri preventivi vpliva sevanj digitalne tehnologije. Metode dela: Narejen je bil pregled slovenskih in angleških znanstvenih člankov. Literaturo smo iskali prek spletenega portala Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani in preko iskalnika Google Učenjak. Rezultati: V analizo smo vključili osem člankov. Rezultati raziskav kažejo, da to področje še ni dobro raziskano. Ugotovili smo, da sevanja pametnih telefonov vplivajo na trajanje nosečnosti, na porodno maso in višino ter na obseg glave ploda. Razprava in zaključek: Vpliv sevanj sodobnih digitalnih tehnologij na razvoj ploda ni povsem raziskan in utemeljen in obstaja možnost za nastanek posledic na plodu. Dosedanje raziskave kažejo, da trenutno ni narejenih dobrih in natančnih raziskav, ki bi lahko potrdile vpliv sevanj sodobne digitalne tehnologije na razvoj ploda. Medicinske sestre bi morale na preventivnih pregledih poučevati o vplivu sevanj sodobne digitalne tehnologije in njihovih posledicah. Introduction: Smartphones and smartwatches are advanced technological devices on today's market, as they contain the features of computers, cell phones and various measuring instruments in a single small device. We have decided to research this topic because the influence of cell phone radiation on fetal development has not been discussed much, but researchers have found a negative influence on this development in animal models. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to research the influence of radiation from modern digital technology based on a literature review and to define the role of a nurse in preventing the influence of radiation from digital technology. Methods: Slovenian and English scientific articles were reviewed. The literature was searched through the online portal of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana and Google Scholar. Results: We analyzed eight articles. The research results show that this topic is not yet sufficiently researched. Radiation was found to affect the duration of pregnancy, birth weight, and the length and the fetal head circumference. Discussion and conclusion: The influence of radiation from modern digital technology on fetal development has not been researched fully and the possibility of fetal damage has not been proven. The research shows that no good and thorough studies have been conducted so far that would confirm the influence of radiation from modern digital technology on fetal development. Nurses should educate about the influence of radiation from modern digital technology and its consequences during routine check-ups.

Uvod: Bulozna epidermoliza je poimenovanje skupine dednih bolezni, za katero sta značilna krhkost kože in sluznic ter nastajanje mehurjev po površini telesa. Samostojnost pacientov je odvisna od izraženosti simptomov, predvsem ran, bolečine in sočasnih bolezni. Vloga zdravstvenega osebja pri osebah z bulozno epidermolizo je predvsem spodbujanje samooskrbe pacientov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati dejavnike, ki pozitivno vplivajo na samooskrbo pacientov z bulozno epidermolizo v domačem okolju in intervencije medicinskih sester pri ljudeh z bulozno epidermolizo. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Narejen je bil pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature, ki smo jo iskali v bibliografskih bazah CINAHL, MEDLINE in iskalniku ScienceDirect. Uporabljene besede v iskalnem nizu: epidermolysis bullosa, EB, self care, self efficiency, self management, self-sufficiency, self support, home, home enviroment, nurse, nurses, nursing, wound, wounds, skin, epidermis. V pregled smo vključili članke, objavljene v angleškem jeziku v obdobju od leta 2010 do leta 2022, ki so bili dostopni v celotnem obsegu besedila za člane knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani. V analizo smo vključili 23 člankov. Rezultati: Domače okolje za paciente predstavlja glavno strukturo stabilnosti, varnosti in zavetja. Raziskave kažejo, kako pomembni sta spodbuda in podpora medicinskih sester pacientom. Paciente motiviramo k doseganju njihovih ciljev in povečanju samostojnosti. Izobraževanja medicinskih sester so izrednega pomena saj pripomorejo k prenosu znanja o oskrbi kože in ran na paciente. Njihovo znanje o bolezni prispeva k izboljšanju zdravstvene pismenosti pacientov in učinkovito izvajanje negovalnih intervencij. Medicinske sestre s poučevanjem pacientov glede samooskrbe ustvarjajo dober odnos z njimi. Razprava in zaključek: Glede na redkost bolezni sta šibka zdravstvena pismenost in samooskrba pacientov glavna dejavnika, ki vodita do počasnejšega celjenja ran, socialne izolacije in anksioznih motenj. Pri organiziranju zdravstvene oskrbe na domu so potrebni načrt zdravstvene nege in vnaprej določene intervencije, ki se bodo izvajale v domačem okolju. Izobraževalni programi za medicinske sestre, ki dajejo natančne informacije o zdravstvenih intervencijah, ki so usmerjene v obvladovanje bolezni in povečanje samostojnosti pacientov z bulozno epidermolizo, lahko izboljšajo prognozo bolezni in kakovost življenja. Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of hereditary diseases characterized by a mechanical fragility of the skin and mucous membranes and blister formation all over the body. As regards wounds, pain, and comorbidities, patients' independence depends on how they express their symptoms. Healthcare personnel have a major role in supporting self-care and independence of patients with epidermolysis bullosa. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the positive factors influencing better self-care and nurse interventions for people with epidermolysis bullosa living at home. Methods: We used a descriptive work method to perform a review of and scientific literature by searching the bibliographic data bases of CINAHL, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect. The literature search was conducted by using the keywords: epidermolysis bullosa, EB, self care, self efficiency, self management, self-sufficiency,r self support, home, home enviroment, nurse, nurses, nursing, wound wounds, skin, epidermis.In the review, we included articles published in the English language, published between 2010 and 2022, as well as those available in full text for members of the library of the University of Ljubljana. We included 23 articles in the analysis. Results: The home environment represents the main structure of stability, safety and shelter for patients with epidermolysis bullosa. Research shows the importance of nurses encouraging and supporting their patients, so they can find motivation to achieve their goals and increase their independence. Nurse education programmes are important to ensure the transfer of knowledge to patients and the delivery of skin and wound care. Their knowledge of the disease contributes to improving health literacy of patients, as well as to effective delivery of nursing interventions. By teaching patients about self-care, nurses create a good relationship with them. Discussion and conclusion: Given the rarity of the disease, poor health literacy and self-care are major factors leading to slower wound healing, social isolation and anxiety disorders. When organising health care at home, a nursing care plan, and predefined interventions to be carried out in the home environment are necessary. Nurse educational programmes which provide detailed information on health interventions aimed at managing the disease and increasing the independence of patients with epidermolysis bullosa can improve disease prognosis and the quality of life.

Uvod: Staranje je fiziološki proces. Ena izmed bolezni starejših je tudi demenca. Demenca kot bolezensko stanje ne prizadene samo osebe, ampak tudi njene bližnje. Za osebe z demenco je pomembna dolgotrajna oskrba, saj bolezen napreduje in stanje posameznika se bo le slabšalo. Pri tem ne smemo pozabiti na oskrbovalca in njegovo fizično in psihično počutje. Nevarno je, da v pretirani skrbi za osebo z demenco pozabi nase in se tako fizično kot psihično iztroši. Oskrbovalci potrebujejo predvsem psihično podporo, informacije o bolezni ter pomoč v oblik druženja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opredeliti potrebe ljudi z demenco, poiskati intervencije, ki spodbujajo samostojnost oseb z demenco, ter opredeliti težave, s katerimi se najposteje srečujejo laični oskrbovalci oseb z demenco. Metode dela: Pri diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Narejen je bil pregled znanstvenih člankov. Članke smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL full text, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect ter COBIB pomagali smo si tudi s pregledom referenc v najdenih člankih. V analizo smo vključili 18 virov literature. Rezultati: Oskrba oseb z demenco je nenehno speminjajoč se proces, zato smo v rezultatih opisali intervencije, s katerimi opolnomočimo osebe z demenco za čim daljše samostojno življenje v domačem okolju. Ker se z napredovanjem bolezni stanje oseb le slabša, so v oskrbo vključeni večinoma najbližji, tako imenovani laični oskrbovalci. Pomembno jih je informirati o bolezni in njenih posledicah ter jih opolnomočiti za oskrbo osebe z demenco. Storitve, namenjene laičnim oskrbovalcem, so večinoma usmerjene v dajanje podpore in pomoči pri izvajanju vsakodnevne oskrbe osebe z demenco ter podpore pri iskanju ravnovesja med vlogo oskrbovalca in lastnimi potrebami. Razprava in zaključek: Dolgotrajna oskrba oseb z demenco je v Sloveniji slabše razvita. Slovenija zaostaja za drugimi evropskimi državami pri izvajanju storitev dolgotrajne oskrbe, še manj je napredka na področju oskrbe oseb z demenco in podpore njihovim laičnim oskrbovalcem. Novosti prinaša šele sprejeti Zakon o dolgotrajni oskrbi. Sprejeti zakon predstavlja pravno podlago, da bodo upravičenci s primerljivimi potrebami lahko dostopali do primerljivih pravic ter imeli možnost izbire. Introduction: Ageing is a physiological process. One of the diseases of the elderly is dementia. Dementia as a medical condition affects not only the person, but also his or her loved ones. Long-term care is important for people with dementia, as the disease progresses and the person's condition will only get worse. This should not forget the carer and their physical and mental well-being. It is dangerous to forget oneself in the midst of excessive care, and to become physically and mentally exhausted. Carers need psychological support, information about the illness and help with socialising. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to identify the needs of people with dementia, to identify interventions that promote independence of people with dementia and to identify the problems most frequently encountered by lay carers of people with dementia. Methods. We used the descriptive method in our diploma thesis, which involved a review of scientific articles. We searched for articles in CINAHL full text, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and COBIB bibliographic databases we also checked the references of the articles we found. The analysis included 18 sources of literature. Results: Because dementia care is an ongoing process, we described interventions to empower people with dementia to live independently in their home environment for as long as possible. As the condition of the person only worsens as the disease progresses, the caregivers are mainly those closest to the person, the so-called caregivers. It is important to inform them about the disease and its consequences and to empower them to care for the person with dementia. The services for caregivers are mainly oriented towards providing support and assistance in the daily care of the person with dementia, and support in balancing the role of caregiver with their own needs. Discussion and conclusion: Long-term care for people with dementia is underdeveloped in Slovenia. Slovenia is behind other European countries in the development of long-term care services, and there has been even less progress in the care of people with dementia and support for their caregivers. New developments have only just been introduced by the adoption of the Long-Term Care Act. The law provides a legal basis for beneficiaries with similar needs to have access to similar rights and choices.

Uvod: Epidemija covida-19 se je začela proti koncu leta 2019. Decembra 2020 smo v Sloveniji dobili prvo cepivo proti covidu-19, zatem pa še štiri druga. Po cepljenju so lahko prisotni tudi neželeni učinki. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati najpogostejše samozaznane neželene učinke po cepljenju z različnimi cepivi proti covidu-19 ter opredeliti načine lajšanja s strani cepljenih poročanih neželenih učinkov. Metode dela: Uporabili smo kvantitativni deskriptivni pristop. Anketni vprašalnik je bil oblikovan s pomočjo odprtokodne spletne aplikacije EnKlikAnketa. Osnova za oblikovanje vprašalnika je bil pregled spletne strani Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje glede neželenih učinkov cepljenja proti covidu-19. Za analizo rezultatov smo uporabili Microsoft Excel. Rezultati: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 121 polnoletnih prebivalcev Slovenije, ki so ustrezno izpolnili anketni vprašalnik. Izmed teh se je 95 anketiranih cepilo proti covidu-19 in nekateri so navedli neželene učinke. Rezultati so pokazali, da so bili samozaznani neželeni učinki večinoma blagi do zmerni. Med najpogostejšimi neželenimi učinki ne glede na vrsto cepiva so bile splošne težave: utrujenost, bolečina na mestu vboda, visoka telesna temperatura – tudi z mrazenjem ali mrzlico, glavobol, bolečine v mišicah in sklepih. Ti učinki so se ne glede na vrsto cepiva večinoma pojavili in izzveneli v 24–48 urah. Neželeni učinki so bili pri cepivih proizvajalcev Pfizer/BioNTech in Moderna bolj izraženi po drugem odmerku, medtem ko so bili pri cepivu proizvajalca AstraZeneca po prvem odmerku. Neželeni učinki so bili pogosto prisotni tudi po prvem odmerku cepiva proizvajalca Johnson & Johnson. Razprava in zaključek: Po cepljenju proti covidu-19 so pogosto prisotni neželeni učinki ne glede na vrsto cepiva in število odmerkov. Neželene učinke so anketiranci lajšali tako nefarmakološko kot farmakološko. Medicinske sestre bi morale dati prednost informiranju o cepljenju in možnih neželenih učinkih, ki se po cepljenju proti covidu-19 lahko pojavijo, hkrati pa spodbujati cepljene k poročanju o neželenih učinkih, saj se stroka s tem izpopolnjuje. Predvsem pa sta pomembna vseživljenjsko učenje medicinskih sester in podajanje znanja tako zdravemu kot bolnemu posamezniku in družbi. Introduction: The covid-19 epidemic began towards the end of 2019. In December 2020, we received the first covid-19 vaccine in Slovenia, followed by four others. Adverse effects are often present after vaccination. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to find out the most common self-assessed adverse effects after vaccination with various vaccines against covid-19, and to identify ways of alleviating them, which the vaccinated report. Methods: We used a quantitative descriptive approach. We used a survey questionnaire designed with the help of the online tool EnKlikAnketa. The basis for formulating the questions was a review of the website of the National Institute of Public Health regarding the adverse effects of the vaccination against covid-19. We used Microsoft Excel to analyze the results. Results: 121 adult residents of Slovenia were included in the research, who answered the questionnaire accordingly. Among these, 95 respondents were vaccinated against covid-19 and some of them showed possible adverse effects. The results showed that self-reported effects were mostly mild to moderate. The most common adverse effects, regardless of the type of vaccine, were general problems, fatigue, pain at the injection site, high body temperature or fever with trembling, headache, muscle and joint pain. These, regardless of the type of vaccine, are mostly appeared and disappeared within 24-48 hours. Adverse effects were more pronounced after the second dose with the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, while with the AstraZeneca vaccine after the first dose. Adverse effects were often present even after the first dose of Johnson & Johnson. Discussion and conclusion: After vaccination against covid-19, adverse effects are often present, regardless of the type of vaccine and the number of doses. Respondents alleviated adverse effects non-pharmacologically as well as pharmacologically. Nurses should make a priority to inform about vaccination and possible adverse effects that can be compensated after vaccination. At the same time, encourage the vaccinated to report the adverse effects, because the profession improves with this. Above all, the lifelong learning of nurses and the passing on of knowledge to both healthy and sick individuals and society is important.

Uvod: Brezdomce definiramo kot posameznike ali družine, ki nima stalnega, rednega in primernega nočnega bivališča. Brezdomci so zdravstveno ogrožena populacija in imajo v primerjavi s splošno populacijo pogosto slabše fizično in duševno zdravje. Brezdomci se vsak dan soočajo s stigmo in zatiranjem, zaradi česar so na videz nevidni, a ranljivi za dejanja nasilja. Prav tako imajo slabšo dostopnost do zdravstvene oskrbe. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati stališča in odnos študentov zdravstvene nege Zdravstvene fakultete v Ljubljani do brezdomcev pred, med stikom in po stiku z njimi med opravljanjem praktičnega usposabljanja v Dnevnem centru za brezdomce. Cilj diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kako so študenti zdravstvene nege doživljali stik z brezdomci v dnevnem centru, in ugotoviti spremembe v stališčih študentov zdravstvene nege do brezdomcev. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili brezplačno odprtokodno aplikacijo za spletno anketiranje na spletnem portalu EnKlikAnketa. Odgovore na odprta vprašanja smo analizirali s kvalitativno analizo vsebine. Interpretacija podatkov je podana v tekstni obliki in sledi postavljeni shemi oz. tabelaričnim prikazom tem, (pod)kategorij in kod. Rezultati: Anketne vprašalnike z odprtimi vprašanji je pred praktičnim usposabljanjem rešilo 86 študentov, med njim 31 in po praktičnem usposabljanju 29 študentov. Rezultati analize odgovorov so povzeti v treh ključnih temah: predpostavke in pričakovanja, prvi vtisi in ovrednotenje izkušnje s pripadajočimi (pod)kategorijami. Razprava in zaključek: S kvalitativno analizo pridobljenih podatkov smo dobili edinstven vpogled v odnos študentov zdravstvene nege do brezdomcev pred, med praktičnim usposabljanjem in po njem v centru za brezdomce. Ugotovili smo, kako študenti v večini še niso imeli stika z brezdomci, tisti, ki so ga že imeli, pa ga opisujejo kot negativnega. Stik z brezdomci so doživljali različno, nekateri negativno, drugi pozitivno, tretji so imeli mešane občutke. Enako pri spremembi stališč, ker so študenti zaznali tudi potrebo po ukrepanju. Zaradi srečevanja z brezdomci na vseh ravneh zdravstvenega varstva je izjemnega pomena, da se študenti in drugi zaposleni izobražujejo o brezdomcih. Introduction: We define homeless people as individuals or a family who has no permanent, regular and appropriate night housing. Homeless people are health -threatening population and often have poor physical and mental health compared to the general population. The homeless people face stigma and suppression every day, making them seemingly invisible but vulnerable to actions of violence. They also have less access to medical care. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to explore the positions and attitude of the nursing students of the Faculty of Health in Ljubljana to the homeless before, during and after contact with them while conducting practical training at the Day Center for Homeless. The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out how nursing students were contacting homeless people in the day care center and finding changes in the attitudes of nursing students towards homeless people. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work. The answers to the open questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. We used a free open-source online survey application on the EnklikAnketa web portal to collect data. The data is represented by the written answers of the students. We performed a qualitative data analysis. The interpretation of the data is given in text format and follows the scheme or scheme. Table display of topics, (sub) categories and codes. Results: The survey questionnaires were solved by 86 students before the practical training, including 31 and after the practical training by 29 students. The results of the analysis of the answers are summarized in three key topics: assumptions and expectations, first impressions and evaluation of the experience with the corresponding (sub)categories. Discussion and conclusion: Through the qualitative analysis of the obtained data, we gained a unique insight into the attitude of nursing students towards homeless people before, during and after practical training in a center for the homeless. We found out how the students experienced contact with the homeless and how, according to them, their attitudes and attitude towards the homeless changed after contact with them. Encountering the homeless at all levels of health care makes it extremely important to educate students and other staff about the homeless.

Uvod: Varnostni odkloni v zdravstvu so resen problem. Napake medicinskih sester pri izračunih odmerkov in pretočnosti zdravil lahko pomenijo tveganje za zdravje in življenje pacientov. Pravilnost teh izračunov je ocenjena na 60–90 %. Za zmanjševanje napak pri izračunih lahko pomaga digitalna tehnologija. Namen: Ugotoviti učinkovitost in zanesljivost mobilne aplikacije NurseCal pri reševanju praktičnih računskih primerov, ki se pojavljajo v kliničnem okolju, in preveriti matematične sposobnosti študentov zdravstvene nege, ki so se v sklopu študijskega programa že srečali s študijsko snovjo o računanju doz in pretočnosti zdravil. Metode dela: V aprilu 2022 smo proučevali zanesljivosti študentov drugega in tretjega letnika zdravstvene nege (n = 198) pri izračunih odmerkov in pretočnosti zdravil z uporabo aplikacije NurseCal. Kontrolna skupina je sedem nalog za izračun odmerkov in pretočnosti zdravil reševala brez aplikacije, eksperimentalna pa z uporabo aplikacije NurseCal. Za preverjanje razlik je bil uporabljen Mann-Whitneyjev U-test. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da so študenti z uporabo aplikacije NurseCal hitreje rešili naloge (U = 619 p < 0,001). Dosegli so tudi večjo pravilnost izračunov (U = 7372 p < 0,001). Na uspešnost pravilnega izračuna ni vplival letnik študija ali zaposlitveni status, vplivala pa je samoocena matematičnih sposobnosti (U = 5202 p = 0,029). Na podlagi rezultatov lahko sklenemo, da je NurseCal uporaben in zanesljiv pripomoček, s katerim se lahko zmanjša število napak pri izračunih odmerkov in pretočnosti zdravil. Razprava in zaključek: Z 92,5-odstotno zanesljivostjo reševanja praktičnih nalog je mobilna aplikacija NurseCal izkazala potencial in možnost vključitve v izobraževalni in zdravstveni sistem, medtem ko po uveljavljeni metodi zaposleni v zdravstvenem sistemu rešujejo naloge z 68,9-odstotno zanesljivostjo. Za ugotovitev uporabnosti aplikacije v klinični praksi bi bilo smiselno nadaljnje raziskovanje na drugih populacijah in večjih vzorcih. Introduction: Safety deviations in nursing are a serious problem. Errors by nurses in the calculation of dosages and flow of drugs can mean a risk to the health and life of patients. The accuracy of these calculations is estimated at 60-90 %. Digital technology can help reduce calculation errors. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness and reliability of the NurseCal mobile application in solving practical calculation cases that occur in the clinical environment and to check the mathematical abilities of nursing students who have already encountered the study material on the calculation of doses and flow of drugs as part of the study program. Methods of work: In April 2022, we studied the reliability of 2nd- and 3rd-year nursing students (n = 198) in calculating doses and flow rates of drugs using the NurseCal application. The control group solved seven tasks for calculating doses and drug flow without the application while the experimental group solved them using the NurseCal application. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for differences. Results: The results showed that students solved the tasks faster using NurseCal (U = 619 p < 0.001). They also achieved greater correctness of calculations (U = 7372 p < 0.001). The success of the correct calculation was not influenced by the year of study or the employment status. It was influenced by the self-assessment of mathematical abilities (U = 5202 p = 0.029). Based on the results, we can conclude that NurseCal is a useful and reliable tool that can reduce the number of errors in the calculations of doses and drug flow. Discussion and conclusion: With a 92.5% reliability of solving practical tasks, the NurseCal mobile application has demonstrated its potential and the possibility of integration into the educational and health system. Meanwhile, according to the established technique, employees in the healthcare system solve tasks with 68.9% reliability. To determine the usefulness of the application in clinical practice, further research on other populations and larger samples would be sensible.

Introduction: The information system currently used in the everyday practice of Croatian hospitals, ambulatories of general practitioners, community health care facilities, pharmacies, and other health care institutions, is far from being on a satisfactory level: it is generally highly bureaucratized, the system units do not communicate between each other adequately, and the process of health care service quality suffers. In the UK, for instance, the aim has been set to fully avoid using paper in hospitals by 2020. Overall computerization is supposed to alleviate the position of both patients and health care system employees, enable better communication, offer improved health care service, and above all, increase the general level of satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a review of the relevant literature published within the last ten years (2010- 2019) in the Medline database. We searched for accounts of positive and negative effects of health care system digitalisation and computerization on treatment errors, waiting lists, communication between health care providers and patients, patient safety, personal data protection, and other relevant parameters. Results: In March 2019, Croatian Health Insurance Fund reported that it had secured the means to speed up the process of computerization of the health care system by introducing e-patient- dossiers and e-orders by 2021, thus shortening waiting lists for medical examinations. In Slovenia, it is said that the health care business model largely failed to integrate ICT into its operational context. In Germany, it also seems that the degree of digitalisation in health care is low when compared internationally and with other German industries. A more general study concluded that successful implementation of new technology requires organisational and collegial support. Discussion and conclusion: Although digitalisation and computerization have proved to result in an overall increase in economic efficiency of a health care system, the process of digitalisation brings certain risks related to the collision of inherited technologies with a new complex organisation and performing structures, as well as to limited resources and other social and political phenomena. Our analysis of pros and cons of digitalisation and computerization experiences in various European health care systems has revealed the expected benefits but also certain specific ethical dilemmas. From the findings we have concluded that for a system to achieve success in the digitalisation process, it should pay attention to health care system users and providers, to the protection of privacy and the improvement of safety, and to the increase in interoperability and transparency. It should also foster the inclusion of health care providers in the design and performance of the digitalisation process.

Uvod: Vedenjsko zahtevne otroke srečamo tako v domačem okolju, kot tudi v šoli, kjer se največkrat izrazi kot psihomotorični nemir, impulzivnost in težave pri vzdrževanju pozornosti. To so tudi glavni trije simptomi hiperkinetične motnje. Kljub temu, da so psihosocialne in nevrokognitivne motnje pri vedenjsko zahtevnih otrocih dobro raziskane, je malo pozornosti namenjeno komorbidnim zdravstvenim težavam, kot so motnje spanja. Namen: Namen raziskave je proučiti prisotnost težav s spanjem pri otrocih, ki so vedenjsko zahtevni oziroma imajo diagnozo hiperkinetične motnje ali katero drugo vedenjsko in čustveno motnjo. Zanima nas pogostost težav, higiena spanja otrok ter dejavniki, ki vplivajo na težave s spanjem. Metode dela: Uporabili smo empirično metodo z uporabo anketnega vprašalnika, sestavljenega iz več sklopov. Glavni del je bil standardiziran Kratek vprašalnik o spalnih navadah otrok. Na strokovnem srečanju za starše otrok z motnjo pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti, ki ga je organiziral zavod Mavrični Bojevniki, smo anketirali starše otrok, starih med tremi in sedemnajstimi leti. Izpolnjenih je bilo skupno 66 anketnih vprašalnikov. Rezultati: Po navedbah anketiranih staršev je bila pri skoraj polovici otrok postavljena diagnoza hiperkinetične motnje. Skupno število točk doseženih z izpolnjevanjem vprašalnika je bilo nižje od točke preloma, kar pomeni da otroci nimajo težav s spanjem. Četrtina otrok je imela seštevek točk višji, kar nakazuje na težave s spanjem. Po oceni anketiranih staršev je največ otrok med spanjem nemirnih, čez dan so bolj utrujeni, potrebujejo poseben predmet da zaspijo, se bojijo spati v temi, se ponoči zbudijo, se upirajo odhodu v posteljo ter potrebujejo starša, da lahko zaspijo. Razprava in zaključek: Posamezna težava s spanjem se opredeli kot težava pri spanju že, če se ponovi več kot dvakrat tedensko, kar močno zviša delež otrok, ki imajo težave s spanjem na vsaj enem področju. Rezultati naše raziskave so primerljivi z rezultati drugih raziskav. Slaba higiena spanja vodi do motenj spanja, te vplivajo na slabše dnevno delovanje otrok, kombinacija slabe higiene spanja z motnjami spanja pa poslabšajo simptomatiko hiperkinetične motnje ter obratno. Pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju težav s spanjem imajo medicinske sestre saj pri svojem delu izvajajo zdravstveno vzgojo staršev in otrok. Introduction: Children with behaviours problems are encountered both, in the home environment and at school, where psychomotor restlessness, impulsivity, and difficulty in maintaining attention are most often expressed. These are the three main symptoms of hyperkinetic disorder. Although psychosocial and neurocognitive disorders in behaviourally difficult children are well researched, little attention has been paid to comorbid health problems such as sleep disorders. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the presence of sleep problems in children who are behaviourally difficult, have a diagnosis of a hyperkinetic disorder, or some other behavioural or emotional disorder. We were interested in the frequency of problems, children's sleep hygiene, and the factors that influence sleep problems. Methods: We made research with the use of a questionnaire consisting of several parts. The main part was a standardized Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire – Abbreviated. At the workshop for parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, organized by the association Mavrični Bojevniki, we surveyed parents of children aged between three and seventeen years. A total of 66 questionnaires were completed. Results: Almost half of the children had been diagnosed with the hyperkinetic disorder, according to their parents' reports. The total score of points on the questionnaire was lower than the cut-off, which indicates sleep disorders. A quarter of the children scored higher than average, indicating sleep problems. Children tend to wake up at night, resist going to bed, and have restless sleep during the night. Children also appear tired during the day, need a particular object to fall asleep, must sleep in the dark, are afraid to go to sleep, and need parents to fall asleep. Discussion and conclusion: Each problem with sleeping is considered a sleep problem if it occurs twice a week or more, which greatly increases the proportion of children who have trouble sleeping in at least one area. Studies conducted in other countries have similar results. It is well known that poor sleep hygiene contributes to sleep disorders, which negatively affect the functioning of children, and the combination of poor sleep hygiene and sleep disorders aggravates symptoms of hyperkinetic disorders. Nurses have an important role in preventing sleep disorders, as they provide health education to parents and children as part of their work.

Uvod: Delo službe za nujno medicinsko pomoč je ključno za delovanje slovenskega zdravstvenega sistema in nepogrešljiv del nudenja 24-urnega zdravstvenega varstva prebivalcem Slovenije. Nujna medicinska pomoč zajema zdravstvene storitve, katerih opustitev bi vodila do hujše okvare zdravja ali smrti pacienta, in storitve nujnih prevozov pacientov. Nujna vožnja je vožnja intervencijskega vozila na kraj intervencije, pri kateri se pričakuje prednost od ostalih udeležencev prometa. Optimizacija je postopek, dejanje ali proces spreminjanja nečesa, da postane glede na dane možnosti najboljše in najugodnejše oziroma popolno, funkcionalno in kar se da efektivno. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je identificirati nekatere možne načine optimizacije nujne vožnje reševalnih vozil in predlagati teoretični model optimizacije nujne vožnje reševalnih vozil. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno raziskovalno metodo. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo baz MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Premier in CINAHL with full text. Po kritičnem pregledu je ostalo dvanajst enot literature. Izvedli smo dodatno iskanje po pregledu referenc. Skupno smo uporabili 26 enot literature. Rezultati: Optimizacijo nujne vožnje reševalnih vozil je možno izvesti na več načinov. Najpogosteje omenjena je metoda predhodne izpraznitve. Po njej je v smeri reševalnega vozila v posameznem ali več križiščih prižgana zelena luč ali pa reševalno vozilo pričakuje izpraznitev ceste z uporabo napredne tehnologije. Možen način optimizacije je tudi izbira najhitrejše ali najkrajše poti, za določanje katere je najpriljubljenejša izbira Dijkstrov algoritem. Nujne vožnje se lahko optimizirajo tudi na nivoju načrtovanja prometne sheme. Sočasna uporaba različnih metod optimizacije je najučinkovitejša. Razprava in zaključek: Identificirane metode skrajšajo potovalni čas reševalnega vozila od 3 % do 75 %. Veliko obravnavanih raziskav ima omejitve. Prav tako je večina raziskav izvedena na različne načine, ki onemogočajo jasno identifikacijo najprimernejše metode. Predlagan teoretični model ima za cilj dosego maksimalne optimizacije potovalnega časa reševalnega vozila, kadar obravnava pacienta, pri čemer je čas pomembna spremenljivka, ki vpliva na izid njegove obravnave. Predlagan model je izhodišče in vodilo za nadaljnje raziskave na tem področju, ki je na slovenskem območju slabo raziskano. Introduction: Work of Emergency Medical Services is a key part of Slovenian healthcare system and is as such a cornerstone of 24-hour healthcare provide to inhabitants of Slovenia. Emergency medical services are defined as the medical services, omission of which would lead to severe health issues or death of patients and as the service of patient transportation. Emergency driving is the driving of an emergency vehicle to or from the point of intervention in which the emergency vehicle demands the right of way from other vehicles in traffic. Optimization is an act, methodology or process of making something as perfect, functional or efficient in given circumstances. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to identify some possible ways of optimizing ambulance emergency driving and to suggest a theoretical model of optimizing ambulance emergency driving. Methods: This diploma work uses the descriptive work method. We have conducted a literature review. Literature was searched for in MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Premiere and CINAHL with full text. 26 units of literature were reviewed. Results: There are several possible ways of optimizing ambulance emergency driving. Emergency vehicle preemption was the most commonly mentioned method in reviewed work. In this method, the ambulance is given green light at one or more traffic light crossings. The emergency vehicle can also demand the right of way with the usage of modern technology. Another possible method of optimization is the identification of the best route. Most of the reviewed literature suggests using Dijkstra's algorithm for this. Furthermore, ambulance emergency driving can also be improved by designing a road network. Usage of optimization in multiple fields simultaneously shows to be the most promising way of optimizing ambulance emergency driving. Discussion and conclusion: Identified optimization methods can shorten ambulance travel time from 3% to 75%, respectively. A large amount of reviewed literature has limitations. Most of the reviewed literature has evaluated suggested methods in such different ways that it makes identifying the best optimization method impossible. Our suggested theoretical model strives to achieve the maximal ambulance travel time optimization, when the ambulance is treating a patient, whose treatment time is of the essence to the patient's outcome. The suggested theoretical optimization model is a starting point and a guideline for future research in the field of ambulance emergency driving optimization. Optimization of ambulance emergency driving is not well researched in Slovenia.

Uvod: S staranjem prebivalstva se pričakuje porast števila oseb z demenco. Demenca ne prizadene le pacientov, ampak tudi družinske člane, ki za njih skrbijo. Vključevanje umetne inteligence in robotike v oskrbo oseb z demenco ima lahko pozitivne učinke, saj bi lahko roboti zmanjšali obremenitev medicinskih sester, kar bi pomagalo izboljšati kakovost in učinkovitost oskrbe pacientov. Robote v zdravstveni negi delimo na pomočnike in socialne robote. Socialni roboti nudijo podporo osebam z demenco pri opravljanju vsakodnevnih dejavnostih doma ali v instituciji. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti možnosti uporabe robotov v zdravstveni negi pacientov z demenco. Preučiti, kako lahko robotika v vsakodnevni oskrbi pripomore k boljšemu počutju, boljši komunikaciji in večji samostojnosti pri pacientih z demenco v domačem okolju. Cilj diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, na katerih področjih zdravstvene nege pacientov z demenco v domačem okolju lahko vključimo robote. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Narejen je bil pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature v angleškem jeziku, na temo demence, robotike in vloge robotov pri oskrbi pacientov z demenco. Uporabili smo ključne besede dementia, alzheimers, cognitive impariment, memory loss, nursing robot in robotics. Iskanje literature je potekalo v obdobju od oktobra do decembra 2021 v podatkovni bazi CINAHL in brskalniku PubMed. V analizo smo vključili 15 člankov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim in izključitvenim kriterijem. Rezultati: Socialni roboti, kot so MARIO, Paro, NEO, Jack in Sophie in Pepper nudijo pomoč pacientom z demenco pri zadovoljevanju potreb in kogniciji. Roboti lahko izboljšujejo angažiranost, spodbujajo paciente h komunikaciji, izboljšujejo spomin, zmanjšujejo depresijo, stres, tesnobo, agresijo in anksioznost. Socialni roboti dajejo osebi občutek, da ni osamljena, dvigujejo razpoloženje, pozitivno vplivajo na družinske stike in nudijo kognitivni trening. Razprava in zaključek: Na področju oskrbe pacientov z demenco že obstajajo socialni roboti, ki bi lahko pomagali pacientom pri zagotavljanju boljše kognicije in zadovoljevanju psihosocialnih potreb, s podporo pri povečanju angažiranosti, komunikaciji, preprečevanju depresije, stresa, anksioznosti in zmanjševanju osamljenosti. Glede na rezultate pregleda literature predlagamo bolj poglobljeno raziskovanje na področju uporabe robotike pri oskrbi pacientov z demenco. Ob tem je potrebno opredeliti vloge, ki bi jih imeli roboti in kako bi se jih lahko vključevalo v oskrbo pacientov. Introduction: As the population ages, an increased number of people with dementia can be expected in the future. Dementia affects not only patients but also the family members who care for them. Integrating artificial intelligence and robotics into nursing care would have important implications, as robots could reduce the burden on nurses by assisting with day-to-day activities, helping to improve the quality and efficiency of patient care. Robots in nursing are divided into assistants and social robots. Social robots provide care and support to people with dementia in performing daily activities at home or in an institution. Purpose: The purpose of diploma work is to present the possibilities of using robots in the nursing care of patients with dementia. To study how robotics in daily care can contribute to better well-being, better communication and greater independence in a patient with dementia in the home environment. The aim of the diploma work is to determine in which areas of nursing care of patients with dementia in the home environment we can include robots. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work. A review of scientific and professional literature in English was made on the topic of dementia, robotics, and the role of robots in the care of patients with dementia. We used the keywords dementia, Alzheimers, cognitive impairment, memory loss, nursing robot, and robotics. The literature search took place between October and December 2021 in the CINAHL database and the PubMed browser. We included 15 articles in the analysis that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Social robots such as MARIO, Paro, NEO, Jack and Sophie, and Pepper offer help to patients with dementia in meeting needs and cognition. Robots can improve engagement, encourage patients to communicate, improve memory, reduce depression, stress, anxiety, aggression, and anxiety. Social robots give a person the feeling of not being lonely, lift their mood, have a positive effect on family contacts, and offer cognitive training. Discussion and conclusion: In care for patients with dementia, social robots already exist that could help patients provide better cognition and meet psychosocial needs fulfillment, by supporting increased engagement, communication, preventing depression, stress, anxiety, and preventing loneliness. According to the results of the research, we advise more detailed research in the field of robotics in the care of patients with dementia. At the same time, it is necessary to define the roles that robots would have and how they could be included in patient care.

Uvod: Dolgotrajna oskrba je vrsta storitev, s katerimi medicinske sestre in drugi strokovnjaki ter laični oskrbovalci pomagajo osebam, največkrat starostnikom in invalidom, ki so odvisni pri opravljanju osnovnih in podpornih dnevnih opravil. Potreb po dolgotrajni oskrbi je vsako leto več, kar povzroča večji pritisk in večjo obremenjenost laičnih oskrbovalcev, ki so ključnega pomena pri vsakodnevni oskrbi pacientov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti kako lahko medicinske sestre z različnimi aktivnostmi vplivajo na uspešnost delovanja laičnih oskrbovalcev pri njihovi oskrbi oseb v domačem okolju, ki potrebujejo pomoč pri osnovnih in podpornih dnevnih opravilih. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela, narejen je bil pregled domače in tuje strokovne literature v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL in MEDLINE, v časovnem obdobju od septembra do decembra 2021. Starost literature je omejena na obdobje od leta 2008 do 2021. Uporabljen je bil iskalni niz »nurse, nurses or nursing« AND »long-term care« AND »support or supporting or help or guidance or aid or assistance or empowerment« AND »informal caregiver or family caregiver or informal carer or family carer or lay caregiver«. Rezultati: Raziskave kažejo, da so medicinske sestre ključnega pomena za podporo laičnim oskrbovalcem, ki večkrat izpostavijo, da bi si želeli več nadzora ter nasvetov s strani medicinskih sester, več znanja o fazah bolezni, pomoči pri soočanju s stresom ter več komunikacijskih veščin. Potrebe, ki jih ne zadovoljijo, lahko pustijo posledice tudi na kakovosti njihove oskrbe, kar prinaša slabše zdravstvene izide. Razprava in zaključek: Laični oskrbovalci imajo premalo časa, znanja in podpore, da bi lahko samozavestno opravljali tako težko delo kot je oskrba, zato je zelo pomembno, da medicinske sestre prepoznajo njihove potrebe ter jih podprejo na področjih, kjer je to potrebno. Njihov skupni cilj delovanja je, da poskušajo paciente čim dlje obdržati v domačem okolju, ob pogoju, da je njihovo življenje še vedno kakovostno in varno. To lahko dosežejo le z dobrim odnosom in komunikacijo. Introduction: Long-term care is a type of service, with special nurses and lay caregivers helping people, mostly the elderly and disabled, who are dependent on activitiesof daily living and instrumentalactivities of daily living. The need for long-term care is increasing every year, which causes more pressure and a greater burden on lay care, which is so crucial in the day-to-day patient care. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to determine how nurses with various activities can influence the performance of lay caregivers in their care of people in the home environment who need help with basic and supportive daily tasks. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used, and a review of domestic and foreign professional literature from the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases in the period from September to December 2021. The age literature is limited to the period from 2008 to 2021. Search string used: »nurse, nurses or nursing« AND »long-term care« AND »support or supporting or help or guidance or aid or assistance or empowerment« AND »informal caregiver or family caregiver or informal carer or family carer or lay caregiver«. Results: Research shows that nurses are key to supporting lay caregivers, who repeatedly point out that they would like more supervision and advice from nurses, more knowledge about disease stages, help with coping with stress, and more communication skills. Their unmet needs can also have an impact on the quality of their care, leading to poorer health outcomes. Discussion and conclusion: Lay caregivers do not have enough time, knowledge and support to be able to do such hard work as care with confidence, so it is very important that nurses recognize their needs and support them in areas where it is needed. Their common goal is to try to keep patients in their home environment for as long as possible, provided that their lives are still safe and of good quality. They can only achieve this with good relationships and communication.

Uvod: V Evropi delež starejšega prebivalstva iz dneva v dan eksponentno narašča in predstavlja enega izmed resnih izzivov, pred katerim se je znašlo človeštvo. O staranju prebivalstva govorimo takrat, ko se delež starostnikov v populaciji povečuje. Po definiciji so starostniki osebe, ki so stare več kot 65 let. Njihov delež v Sloveniji znaša 20,9?%. Poškodbe in padci se pogosteje pojavljajo pri starostnikih. Za preprečevanje le-teh je potrebna preventiva, ki jo lahko izvajamo tudi z uporabo sodobnih digitalnih tehnologij. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti uporabo digitalnih tehnologij na področju preventive padcev starostnikov v domačem okolju, saj so padci velik gospodarski in javnozdravstveni problem, ter ugotoviti vlogo medicinske sestre pri uporabi digitalnih tehnologij za preprečevanje padcev starostnikov v domačem okolju. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Pregledali smo domačo in tujo literaturo, dostopno v podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL with full text in MEDLINE. Iskalni nizi v angleškem jeziku s ključnimi besedami so bili: digital technology, ict, wearable, eldery, geriatric, older adult, aged, falls prevention, preventing falls, prevent falls, reduce falls. Literaturo smo zbirali v obdobju od decembra 2020 do oktobra 2021. V omenjenih podatkovnih bazah je bilo najdenih 384 člankov. V končno analizo smo vključili 18 člankov. Rezultati: Rezultate smo razdelili na štiri področja. Prvo področje se nanaša na ugotovitve raziskav, ki so povezane s tehnologijami za spremljanje telesne aktivnosti, med njimi sta pametna ogrlica in vadba v navidezni resničnosti. Drugo področje se nanaša na pametna oblačila, kot sta pametni pas in pametni čevelj, tretje področje na prilagoditev bivalnega okolja, kamor sodita koncept pametnega doma in pametna tla, ter zadnje področje, ki se nanaša na samostojne senzorje, kjer predstavljamo nosljive senzorje, radarsko tehnologijo, sistem za odkrivanje padcev in mobilne aplikacije. Razprava in zaključek: Na voljo je ogromno digitalne tehnologije, ki lahko olajša življenje starostnikom in preprečuje padce v domačem okolju. V pregledu literature smo zaznali uporabo digitalne tehnologije tudi v slovenskem prostoru. Spoznali smo slovenski projekt, imenovan Dom IRIS in napredni sestrski klicni sistem NurseCare, ki uporabnikom ponuja več programskih rešitev. Introduction: Europe’s population is ageing rapidly and steadily on a daily basis, which poses a significant challenge for the humankind. Population ageing occurs when there is an increase in the proportion of elderly people in the population. By definition, the elderly are people over the age of 65 and their proportion in Slovenia is 20.9%. Injuries and falls occur more often among the elderly. They can be avoided by taking preventive measures, for instance, with the help of modern digital technologies. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis is to examine the use of digital technology for preventing falls among the elderly in the home environment, since falls represent a major economic and public health problem, as well as to determine the role of nurses in using digital technologies for preventing falls among the elderly. Methods: A descriptive working method was used. We reviewed domestic and foreign literature, available in databases CINAHL with full text and MEDLINE. The following search strings with keywords in English were used: digital technology, ict, wearable, elderly, geriatric, older adult, aged, falls prevention, preventing falls, prevent falls, reduce falls. The literature was being collected from December 2020 until October 2021. Overall, 384 articles were reviewed in the above-mentioned databases, and 18 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: The results were divided into four areas: the first area consists of research findings related to technologies for physical activity monitoring, i.e., a smart necklace and virtual reality exercises the second area covers smart clothing, such as a smart belt and smart shoes the third area is the adaptation of the living environment, which includes the concept of a smart home and smart floors the last area focuses on stand-alone sensors, where wearable sensors, radar technology, fall detection systems and mobile applications are presented in more detail. Discussion and conclusion: A wide range of digital technologies is available to make life easier for the elderly, which prevents falls in the home environment. While reviewing the literature, we detected the use of digital technology for this purpose in Slovenia. We discovered a Slovenian project Dom IRIS and an advanced nursing call system NurseCare, which offers several software solutions for its users.

Uvod: Z razglasitvijo epidemije covida-19 v Sloveniji se je življenje marsikatere mlade družine zelo spremenilo. V nosečnosti in po porodu mlade družine potrebujejo pomoč najbližjih in zdravstvenih delavcev, saj se v tem novem obdobju srečujejo s številnimi spremembami in novostmi, a so bile za pomoč močno prikrajšane. Med epidemijo so bile ravno medicinske sestre v patronažnem varstvu tiste, ki so imele ključno vlogo pri podajanju informacij nosečnicam in mladim družinam, in sicer o pripravi na porod ter oskrbi otročnice in novorojenčka. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti, kakšno vlogo ima medicinska sestra v patronažnem varstvu pri nosečnicah in mladih družinah ter zakaj je pomembna oseba v obdobju priprav na starševstvo ter v času zgodnjega starševstva. Cilj diplomskega dela je raziskati, s katerimi težavami se srečujejo mlade družine v času epidemije, katere informacije mladi starši pogrešajo ter obseg patronažnih obiskov med epidemijo. Metode dela: Oblikovan je bil anketni vprašalnik. Izvedena je bila neeksperimentalna kvantitativna in kvalitativna raziskava, v kateri smo spraševali po izvedenih intervencijah medicinskih sester v patronažnem varstvu ter težavah, s katerimi so se srečevale mlade družine v času epidemije covida-19. Anketni vprašalnik je bil oblikovan z orodjem 1KA. Vseboval je vprašanja odprtega in zaprtega tipa. Vprašalnik je bil objavljen na različnih družbenih omrežjih, uporabljen je bil princip snežene kepe. Diplomsko delo vključuje le analizo demografskih podatkov in odgovorov na odprta vprašanja, narejena je bila kvalitativna analiza vsebine. Anketni vprašalnik je ustrezno izpolnilo 800 anketirancev. Sodelovalo je 787 (98 %) žensk in 13 (2 %) moških. Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo, da so medicinske sestre v večini patronažne obiske mladih družin med epidemijo opravljale, vendar so se med posameznim obiskom bolj osredotočale na novorojenčke in dojenčke kot pa na otročnice in nasploh mlade družine. Rezultati so pokazali, da so imele otročnice in mlade družine v času epidemije ogromno težav – ne samo zdravstvenih, temveč tudi socialnih, duševnih, finančnih itd. Veliko teh težav je bilo ravno v povezavi z epidemijo in spremljajočimi ukrepi. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotavljamo, da je delo patronažnih medicinskih sester pri mladih družinah izrednega pomena ne samo v informiranju ter izvajanju intervencij, temveč tudi v podpori in pogovoru, ki so ju mlade družine prav v času epidemije potrebovale. Nosečnost in prihod otroka mladi družini predstavljata nekaj povsem novega, prineseta lepe trenutke, hkrati pa velikokrat tudi skrbi, težave. Poleg vsega tega pa je dodatne težave v tem obdobju mladim družinam prinesla še epidemija covida-19. Introduction: With the declaration of the COVID-19 epidemic in Slovenia, the lives of many young families have changed dramatically. During pregnancy and after childbirth, young families need the help of their closest and healthcare workers, as they face many changes and novelties in this new period, but they have been severely deprived of help. During the epidemic, community health nurses played a key role in providing information to pregnant women and young families, especially in preparing them for childbirth and care for the purperia and the newborn. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to present, what role community health nurses played for pregnant women and young families and why they are important professionals during the period of preparation for parenthood and early parenthood. The aim of the diploma work is to find out what problems young families faced during the epidemic, what information young parents missed, and to what extent they made home visits during the epidemic. Methods: A survey questionnaire was designed. A non-experimental quantitative and qualitative research was conducted, in which we asked about the interventions of community health nurses and about problems faced by young families during the COVID-19 epidemic. The questionnaire was designed using the 1KA tool. It contained open-ended and closed questions. The questionnaire was published in different social networks, using the snowball principle. The diploma work includes only the analysis of the demographic data and the answers to the open-ended questions, a qualitative analysis of the content was made. The questionnaire was duly completed by 800 respondents. There were 787 (98%) women and 13 (2%) men who participated. Results: The results show that nurses visited mostly young families during the epidemic but focused more on newborns and infants than on infants and young families in general. The results showed that children and young families had a lot of problems during the epidemic - not only health problems but also social, psychological, financial, etc. Many of these problems were precisely related to the epidemic and the accompanying interventions. Discussion and conclusion: We found out that the work of community health nurses in young families is extremely important for young families, not only in informing and implementing interventions but also in providing the support and conversation that young families needed at the time of the epidemic. Pregnancy and the arrival of a child represent something completely new for a young family, bringing beautiful moments and, at the same time, often worries and problems. In addition to all this, the COVID -19 epidemic brought additional problems for young families at that time.

Uvod: Pacienti imajo pri samovodenju sladkorne bolezni pomembno vlogo, saj prevzamejo odgovornost pri obvladovanju svojega zdravja. Potrebna je aktivna vloga pacientov, da postanejo enakopravni člani zdravstvenega tima. Kadar govorimo o opolnomočenih pacientih, je izobraževanje o sladkorni bolezni ključnega pomena za njeno učinkovito samovodenje. Kadar je to zagotovljeno s pomočjo informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije, to vodi do boljših zdravstvenih izidov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kako opolnomočiti paciente s sladkorno boleznijo s pomočjo informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije in kako to lahko vpliva na vodenje njihove bolezni. Pri tem smo se osredotočili na vlogo medicinskih sester pri opolnomočenju in vodenju pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo. Cilji diplomskega dela so predstaviti možnosti opolnomočenja pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo s pomočjo informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije in jih tudi identificirati ter predstaviti vlogo informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije pri komunikaciji zdravstvenih delavcev in pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom tuje in domače znanstvene in strokovne literature, objavljene med letoma 2011 in 2021. Omejili smo se na besedila, do katerih smo lahko dostopali v celoti, in na recenzirane publikacije. Iskanje je potekalo po mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah Medline, CINAHL in ScienceDirect. Rezultati: V rezultatih so prikazani izsledki analize 18 člankov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim in izključitvenim kriterijem. Predstavili so možnosti opolnomočenja pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo s pomočjo informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije in uporabo informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije za nadzor ravni glukoze v krvi, nadzor nad prehranjevanjem in telesno maso ter za lažjo komunikacijo zdravstvenih delavcev s pacienti s sladkorno boleznijo. Razprava in zaključek: Opolnomočeni pacienti so lahko enakovredni člani zdravstvenega tima. Zaželeno je, da aktivno ter odgovorno sodelujejo pri načrtovanju in izvajanju svojega zdravljenja. Za doseganje ciljev zdravljenja si lahko učinkovito pomagajo z raznovrstno informacijsko in komunikacijsko tehnologijo. Introduction: Patients play an important role in diabetes self-management as they take responsibility in managing their health. An active role of patients is needed to become equal members of the healthcare team. When it comes to empowered patients, diabetes education is key to effective self-management. When this is ensured through information and communication technologies, this leads to better health outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to find out how to empower patients with diabetes with the help of information and communications technology and how this can affect the management of their disease. In doing so, we focused on the role of nurses in empowering and guiding patients with diabetes. The aims of the diploma work are to present the possibilities of empowering patients with diabetes with the help of information and communications technology and also to identify them and present the role of information and communications technology in the communication of healthcare. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work with a review of foreign and domestic scientific and professional literature published between 2011 and 2021. We limited ourselves to texts that could be accessed in full and to peer-reviewed publications. The search was conducted using the international databases Medline, CINAHL and ScienceDirect. Results: The results show the results of the analysis of 18 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They presented the possibilities of empowering patients with diabetes with the help of information and communications technology and the use of information and communications technology to control blood glucose levels, control diet and body weight, and to facilitate communication between healthcare professionals and patients with diabetes. Discussion and Conclusion: Authorized patients can be equal members of the medical team. It is desirable that they actively and responsibly participate in the planning and implementation of their treatment. They can effectively help each other to achieve the goals of treatment with a variety of information and communication technology.

Uvod: Zdravstveni delavci izvajajo izmensko delo, s katerim zagotavljajo 24-urne storitve pacientom. Med zdravstvene delavce spadajo tudi medicinske sestre, ki zagotavljajo neprekinjeno zdravstveno nego hospitaliziranim pacientom. Izmensko delo moti cirkadiani ritem, kar vpliva na kakovost spanja, na različne hormone in presnovne procese. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo pregleda literature ugotoviti povezavo med izmenskim delom medicinskih sester in njihovo telesno maso ter poiskati intervencije, s katerimi lahko blažijo negativni vpliv izmenskega dela na povečanje telesne mase. Metode dela: Narejen je bil pregled tujih – angleških znanstvenih in strokovnih člankov. Literaturo smo iskali prek spletnega portala digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani (DiKUL) v naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL in MEDLINE. Rezultati: Ugotovitve so bile v podporo dokazom, da je delo v nočni izmeni dejavnik tveganja za debelost, da prekratek čas spanja vpliva na pridobivanje telesne mase in s tem povišan indeks telesne mase. Ugotovili so tudi povezavo med kakovostjo spanja in indeksom telesne mase. Dokazali so, da je ena sama noč motenega spanca vplivala na porabo energije in povečala metabolizem, ki je spodbujal pogosto prehranjevanje in povečano poseganje po prigrizkih visoko kalorične hrane. To kaže na metabolična neravnovesja, ki vodijo k povečanju telesne mase. Razprava in zaključek: Povečanje telesne mase povzročajo nezdrava hrana, prekomerna odvisnost od hrane, odpornost na inzulin, nekatera zdravila, odpornost na leptin, genetska nagnjenost in hormonsko neravnovesje, k temu prispevajo tudi naši vzorci spanja in prehranjevalne navade pozno zvečer. Intervencije za zmanjševanje telesne mase bi morale temeljiti na skupinskem pristopu, saj so tako medicinske sestre bolj motivirane za dosego ciljev in so v oporo ena drugi. Ukrepe bi morala sprejeti vodstva bolnišnic ali celo na nacionalni ravni, saj so medicinske sestre pomembna delovna sila v bolnišnicah, kjer bi morale imeti omogočene najboljše pogoje za delo. Introduction: Healthcare workers, including nurses, carry out shift work to provide patients with 24-hour services. Nurses provide continuous nursing care to hospitalised patients. However, shift work disrupts circadian rhythm, which has an effect on the quality of sleep, different hormones as well as metabolic processes. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to conduct a literature review in order to determine the connection between shift work among nurses and their body weight as well as interventions nurses could carry out to alleviate the impact of shift work on their body weight. Methods: An review of foreign (English) scientific and professional articles was conducted. The literature was searched on the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana web portal (DiKUL) and the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases. Results: Our findings support the claims that night shift work is a risk factor for obesity and that insufficient amount of sleep results in increased weight gain and, consequently, in a higher body mass index. A connection between the quality of sleep and body mass index was determined. It was also found that only one night of disrupted sleep has an effect on energy consumption and increased metabolism, which encourages nurses to eat more frequently and have snacks with high calorific values. This results in metabolic disorders, leading to weight gain. Discussion and conclusion: Weight gain is caused by unhealthy food, excessive food dependency, resistance to insulin, some medicine, resistance to leptin, genetical predisposition and hormonal imbalance, and everything is influenced by our sleep patterns and night-time eating habits. Weight loss interventions should be carried out in a group, as in this way nurses are more motivated to achieve their goals and are able to provide support to one another. Such measures should be adopted by hospital management or even by the government, as nurses are a very important workforce in hospitals, where they should be provided with optimal working conditions.