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Primary objective of this research was to identify quantitative differences among tennis players aged 12, 14 and 16 with regards to the indicators of morphological characteristics. Sixty (60) tennis players ranked on the scale of the Croatian Tennis Association were analysed through differences in morphological characteristics which were identified by a standard laboratory diagnostic procedure in Sports-diagnostic Centre of the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Zagreb. Significant differences were reached in most of the monitored measures for the assessment of the morphological characteristics. These differences are particularly reflected in the variables for assessment of longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton (ALVT, ALDRL and ALDNL), and in the variables for the assessment of body volume and mass (AVTT, AVONDEL and AVOPDL). A bit smaller differences were reached at the variables for the assessment of transversal dimensionality of the skeleton (ATSR and ATSZ). The level of the statistical significance was defined at p

The purpose of this research was to analyse the differences between and within the European and the USA departments, faculties or universities (N=980) which offer a degree in human movement science studies, according to their names. Eight hundred and fifty-eight (n=858) different university departments in the field of human movement study programmes from the United States of America and one hundred and twentytwo (n=122) departments from Europe were included. Using the Chi-square test, the following statistically significant differences between and within America and Europe were found. The terms used most frequently for human movement study programmes in the USA were health (n=261), physical education (n=172) and kinesiology (n=145). In Europe the most frequently used terms in the names of departments and faculties were sport (n=54) and physical education (n=29). The differences between the USA and Europe regarding the number and names of human movement study programmes are based on social, economic and historical differences between North America and Europe. The term kinesiology is rare in Europe but it is often in use in the USA. The authors consider the term kinesiology to be the most adequate name to identify the broad area of the human movement studies in the academic and scientific community.

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The purpose of the study was to ascertain the basic morphologic and kinematic characteristics of elite sprinters. The sample included 24 sprinters, with times over a 100 m distance between 10.21 s and 11.19 s. Morphologic characteristics of the sprinters were measured with a test battery of 17 measures, obtained according to the methodology prescribed by the International Biologic Programme (IBP). The kinematic variables were obtained from a flying start 20 m run and a 20 m run with a low start, with the technology of a contact carpet (ERGO TESTER – Bosco). Stride frequency and length, duration of contact and flight phases were registered. Time parameters were measured with a system of infrared photocells (BROWER Timing System). T-test showed that elite sprinters do not differ significantly in morphologic characteristics (p > 0.05) from the 100 m results point of view. However, statistically significant differences were obtained in starting acceleration and maximal velocity. The most important kinematic parameters for generating differences between the elite sprinters are contact time and stride frequency.

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in situat ional efficiency parameters among successful and unsuccessful female basketball team on the Olympic Games in London 2 012. Sample of entities was comprised of 38 games as following: 15 games played in group A, 1 5 games played in group B, 4 games in the quarter-finals, 2 games in semi-finals, 1 game in finals and 1 game for third place. Situational efficiency variables were consisted of 13 parameters measured and analyzed in the stu dy. Differences between winning and defeated teams were calculated using Student t- test and multi variate analysis of variance (MANOVA). To determine which parameters differentiated groups the most, discrimin ate analysis with standardized canonical coefficients was used. Statistical significance was set up at p≤0.05. Obtained results showe d overall differences in situational parameters between winning and d efeated teams (p≤0.01). Also, parameters that discriminated winning from defeated teams the most were 2 points-fail (F-value=9.79 ; SCC=0.829 ; p

The establishment of differences in certain morphological characteristics and aerobic energy supply ability among three age categories of Croatian male teenage tennis players was the aim of this cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 60 players classified into three categories by age: U12 (n=20 ; 12.1±0.4 years), U14 (n=20 ; 14.0±0.6 years) and U16 (n=20 ; 15.9±0.4 years). Nine morphological body measures were taken: body height ; body mass ; skinfolds of the back, upper arm, chest, abdomen, thigh, lower leg and suprailiocristal. Also, six variables of cardiopulmonary function were obtained using spirometry and spiroergometry testing. Basic statistical parameters were calculated and ANOVA was applied using Tukey’s post-hoc method. Statistically significant differences were obtained in the variable maximum treadmill speed (p

Konvencionalne sportske igre nude pregršt modificiranih sadržaja koji se mogu ponuditi u raznim sportsko rekreacijskim programima za djecu i mlade. U ovom radu prikazan je kratki pregled nekoliko aktivnosti.

The players’ situational efficiency parameters are important for experts, trainers and the club’s coaching staff because the obtained results show the real situation and can be compared with the modal values. This paper is an analysis of some situational efficiency indicators of shots on goal variables from Zagreb and Veszprem handball players, who performed in the regular 2015. / 2016. SEHA league season. Each team played 18 games in as many rounds. Situational efficiency of shots on goal was analyzed with 10 variables. A multivariate analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences between clubs, as was to be expected given that Veszprem, at the end of the regular season, ranked at 1. position, and Zagreb at 3. position. This analysis included only some parameters of situational efficiency. Presumably a further analysis, which would have more variables from the phase of attack, and take into account other aspects of game, would show the differences between the two clubs.

In the past few decades, a substantial reduction in the level of physical activity (PA) of children was registered, so the goal of this study was to determine the level of physical activity of pupils from 1st to 4th grade. The study involved 107 participants from two primary schools in Zagreb. The level of physical activity was examined by Fels questionnaire for children aged 7-19. Analysis of the physical activity levels trend was tested by polynomial regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant effect of time on the indexes of each component of physical activity, but overall physical activity over the years has stagnated. Given the results of this longitudinal study, we can conclude that children need to increase their level of physical activity as soon as possible because studies show that the level of physical activity reduces even more by entering adolescence.

The acquisition of motor skill is characterised with an improvement of performance, automaticity and with the reduction in the variability of performance. Recent studies suggesting that distinguishable neural networks are recruited during were overviewed. Also the function of synaptic plasticity and motor memory in skill acquisition was emphasized.

Results of studies that have been provided on the university student population have determined a great presence of unhealthy living habits. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of certain risk behaviours in weight control in the university student population and to investigate the differences regarding gender and age. The sample includes male students (219) and female students (585) of the University of Zagreb, between 19 and 27 years of age. We have used shortened, anonymous 16 - items questionnaire related to the problems of obesity in early life, attitude towards keeping a diet, possible ways of maintaining a desirable body weight and body shape, and overeating at one meal. The results have been analyzed by the analysis of proportions and logistic regression analyses. The results indicate the presence of multiple compensatory behaviours in maintaining body weight, such as: skipping meals, after meal vomiting, laxative use, and starvation. The results showed increasing incidence of taking large quantities of food at one meal, especially in female students. There was a statistically significant difference by gender. The authors have concluded that this problem should be given a more scientific attention in order to obtain a comprehensive view into the problem and on the basis of scientific knowledge suggested educational and preventive programs

As the fields of physical activity (PA) and public health have developed, it has become clear that many factors at many levels affect behavior related to physical activity. In developed communities, experts have become aware that protection of health is not just a matter that should concern just an individual or only the health care system. Despite solid scientific evidence that regular and even life-long PA and exercise are powerful tools of health protection and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (CND), a large part of the population in many countries is not sufficiently active. People should not be left to themselves ; they need support and help from closer and wider communities. State, regional and local governments have the obligation to provide legal documents allowing different sectors and non- governmental organizations to implement international and national guidelines and recommendations relating to the role of PA in enhancing health. In this sense, the health system and HEPA in the field of kinesiology have a special place Another important item that must not be neglected is the national cost of insufficient PA and its influence on development of CND. International studies estimate that approximately 60% of the population in the western world is insufficiently physically active (in developing countries it is almost up to 90%), which rate contributes significantly to nearly 2 million deaths and approximately 10% of the overall burden of disease. The WHO has calculated the cost of physical inactivity for nations of the size of Sweden to be around 800 million euros per year if half of the population is inactive. The idea of health kinesiology study has been conceived with the purpose to enable experts in kinesiology, public health, primary care and other medical disciplines to work together to advance the use of PA against disease risk factors to diminish and attenuate them in the joint struggle to prevent and treat chronic diseases and other health issues. The mission of the study is to combine knowledge, skills, and abilities related to the basic exercise sciences and public health, to explain and discuss professionally health benefits and risks of exercise and physical activity. Understanding of specific challenges that affect PA and exercise in professional exercise science jobs can clarify how the exercise sciences affect public health, and vice versa. Physical activity targeting public health is an emerging discipline with many opportunities. Personnel with high education in the area of health kinesiology could be employed at state and local health departments working on public health programming for physical activity promotion. It is expected that many universities will have research opportunities for experts interested in the joint field of PA and public health. According to examples from developed countries, in developing countries future will foster an appropriate interest for such experts in private foundations and non-governmental organizations. Areas listed below, according to